Цели образовательной политики Петра I в сфере профессионального обучения
The Purposes of Educational Policy of Peter I in the Sphere of Professional Education

Summary/Abstract: The article analyzes the purposes of the government of Peter I during the formation of the first professional schools. A chronological framework covers the first quarter of the 18th century (1700—1725). The author is guided by standard and legal documents, business correspondence, sources of personal origin. The work mainly uses historical and chronological, historical and comparative and comparative and legal methods of the research. It is noted that in normative legal acts and other sources it is possible to reveal aspiration of Peter and his colleagues to make use of foreign experience in the state policy. In the article it is proved that the use of the western experience did not mean mechanical copying of foreign institutes. On the basis of it there is the conclusion that loans did not pursue the aim to conform to the western standards. It was talked of their critical reconsideration and use of separate instruments of state policy in education for the solution of internal tasks. These tasks become obvious in the analysis of professions which were studied in Petrovsky schools. The emphasis was placed on military technical education. Civil educational institutions were also created, but they did not gain serious development. This choice is explained by personal interests of Peter I and features of world situation of the Russian state during the considered period. Besides, it is specified in the article that despite loan of foreign experience, professional schools carried on tradition of not numerous educational institutions of the 17th century, though with certain reservations. If in the 17th century were mainly studied the sciences demanded in executive authorities — orders (foreign languages, medicine, printing, etc.), then Peter changed this orientation. At the same time, the general trend — satisfaction of requirement of the state for qualified personnel — did not change.

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