Modele relacji państwo – Kościół w tradycji chrześcijańskiej
Models of Relations between the State and the Church in the Christian Tradition

Summary/Abstract: Referring to the known and developed in Western Europe field of knowledge – political theology, models of relations between the state and the Church in the Christian tradition were presented. The starting point of the discussion is the perspective of temporal life and the eschatological perspective concerning the predicted future life, outlined in the existential situation in which every human being finds himself. The introduction points to the general problem of political theology in the pagan and Christian tradition according to the relationship between St. Augustine and the appearance of Christian theology in the formulation of St. Paul, focused on the transcendence, Redemption and history of salvation. The central point of the discussion, however, is the description of three models of mutual relations between temporal power (Empire) and spiritual power (Church) in the Christian tradition (ancient and medieval). The emphasis was placed on the doctrinal basis of these concepts, and then on describing the selected realization of these models in the history of the Middle Ages. At the end, the basic premise of modern political theology was emphasized – secularization, as well as a contemporary return to the issues of political theology and the still inspiring role of the three models discussed.

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