Роль и место русских женщин и детей в миграционные годы на материале альманаха «Зарницы»
The Place and Role of Russian Women and Children in Istanbul Migration Through Materials of the Emigration Periodical Press ‘Zarnitsy’

Summary/Abstract: In this paper we aim to examine the place of women and children in Istanbul migration and their role in the family and the social sphere as reflected in the pages of the weekly socio-political Russian emigrants’ public journal "Zarnitsy", which was published in Istanbul and Sofia in 1921. In this paper it will be presented not only economic, political and ideological aspects of Russian emigre life in Istanbul, but also elaborately will be analyzed the role of women in the family and society as a mother, a wife, the keeper of social /national memory, organizer of the children’s and self educational process. As the main idea of the report, it is interesting that women in exile never confined with just problems of life such as disease, food, accommodation in Istanbul; women always think about the high intellectual thoughts about the destiny of the state. They were interested in issues concerning the theaters, publication of magazines, as well as discussions, publications about what is happening in Russia and in the world. Istanbul was one of the locations of Russian emigrants who left Russia due to the Bolshevik regime and because of those emigrants lived in Istanbul for a while, it is important that the city is the first place that the emigrants feel the “emigration”, “being an emigrant”, “being a stranger”. In the events that affects public life such as war, emigration, natural disasters and epidemic diseases, the status of women and children stays in the background, while in the forefront always come events of a state or military scale. In our paper, we will analyze the articles of writers and journalists and articles by various authors about women and children. At the end of nine months of work on popular journal “Zarnitsy”, along with information about the social, domestic, economic and political life of Russian emigrants, it is illuminated that their everyday real life, which has a special meaning for us. Although politically and ideologically it included position of the Russian White Army, on the pages of the almanac reflected various aspects of life in Istanbul as well as life, thoughts and feelings of people from different social strata, especially from the nobility and the intelligentsia. Based on these materials, we will consider the place and role of women, as mothers and wives in the struggle for survival in exile, where she had to deal with so many problems, and as the representatives of the national memory. Conclusions: Weekly "Zarnitsy", which was published in Istanbul is a valuable material for understanding the mentality of Russian emigrants and also gives the opportunity to determine the place and role of women in exile. Articles in this journal reflected not only search for their identity but also various states of their souls: despair, the feeling of being lost, trying to find support in the chaos, etc.

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