JĘZYKOZNAWCZE PODSTAWY NAUCZANIA JĘZYKA ROSYJSKIEGO
LINGUISTIC BASIS FOR THE METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING RUSSIAN

Summary/Abstract: The article deals with the problem of linguistic grounds for methods of teaching Russian to Polish learners. The author is of the opinion that recent methodology has been a closed static theory in discrepancy with practice of teaching in secondary schools and at universities. Present achievements of linguistics have not been made use of. All that complicates the process of teaching and impedes the learner to master the language. A serious disadvantage of the theory is the fact that it is concerned with forms and not with the process o f teaching. The emphasis is put 0n the external aspects of teaching the language without considering, even to the minimal degree, the nature of the language, its structure, function and its specific features.The traditional approach assuming that language is a set of lexical itoms having a static character and a set of grammatical rules is typical. Syntax is treated as a study of sentence and not (as it should be) as the plane 0n which syntactic functions of various language units operate. In the author’s opinion the teacher of Russian should fully realize what languageas a subject of teaching is and what specific features it exhibits. It is significant for the teacher to understand the basic function of language and the structure of Russian as contrasted to Polish as well as the interdependence of forms and the purpose of the course. Unfortunately, the methodology of teaching Russian is primarily concerned with forms and methods of teaching and not with the language and the process of teaching. It is emphasized that teaching grammar and texts instead of teaching the language, teaching vocabulary without paying attention to language habits and the linguistic abstract and analysing isolated linguistic facts where synthesis is appropriate makes acquiring a good com m and of Russian far more difficult and sometimes impossible even though the syllabus is followed. The factors disabling the mastering of Russian have been very thoroughly analysed in the article. The methodology based on linguistic grounds is postulated.

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