UTICAJ VODENOG STRESA NA ANATOMIJU I MORFOLOGIJU DRVETA
INFLUENCE OF WATER STRESS ON WOOD ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY

Summary/Abstract: This paper discusses the influence of environmental factors on the anatomy and morphology of wood. How do changing environmental conditions affect the amount of water in the structure of woody plant species and how does this change affect the morphology of the tree? Can a constant change in climatic factors permanently change the morphology of a species? Anthropogenic climate change will profoundly affect woody plants around the world through rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, rising temperatures, and an accelerated hydrological cycle with more wet and dry extremes. The extent to which stressful environmental conditions can affect the growth and development of woody plant species. Because stress affects different types of plants differently, it can often lead to species drying out or complete loss of population. The amount of water that is transported from the roots to the leaves and in the opposite direction is a great indicator of what percentage the species is exposed to stress and whether it is in danger of drying out. Cavitation with water stress depends on the influence of the air that passes through the wooden elements. The width of the water and air ducts can save the species from possible drying, if unfavorable environmental factors do not have a long-term effect. Water properties can be useful in predicting different types of drought and temperature stress, but the variability and plasticity within a species, as well as the potential for recovery after stress, are poorly known and critical to understanding. Changes at the level of the root system are based on changes in the meristematic tissue located at the top of the root. Due to its anatomy, plant species often stop their growth due to lack of water. The formation of lateral meristems, on the main root, is the result of the stress that the plant survived after the loss of water. The elements of the tree, and above all the trachea and trachea, react by changing their size or lead to gradual drying and permanent loss of plant parts. Water is transported from the roots to the leaves by negative pressure. Under this stress, water is prone to sudden phase changes in water vapor or cavitation. In plants, air can reach the functional channels of the xylem through the membrane pits, and the resulting embolism blocks the transport of water and reduces the conductivity and productivity of the plant. Xylem transmission and water scarcity are major factors contributing to tree mortality and forest degradation in global droughts. However, some plants can tolerate even a high level of lack of water under drought, restoring cell functionality after partial or complete rehydration by recovery and filling with xylem. The anatomy of the leaves changes under water stress, which is the result of reduced stoma conduction. The paper will present evidence on the recovery of wood elements, highlighting possible physiological changes and changes in the mechanism of action on the entire woody population

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