ConScienS Conference Proceedings
ConScienS Conference Proceedings
Volume 2
Author(s): Nicoleta-Elena Heghes
Subject(s): Business Economy / Management, Higher Education , Criminology, Economic development, Distance learning / e-learning
ISSN: 2766-1504
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Keywords: education; economics; public health; social sciences; human rights; pandemics; humanities; psychology; forensic research; technology
Summary/Abstract: This publication presents the proceedings of the ConScienS Conference held online on January 17-18, 2021. The conference was organized by the ConScienS Research Center in partnership with the Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies (RAIS).
- Page Count: 197
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: English
Labour Productivity Growth Determinants in the Manufacturing Sector in the Baltic States
Labour Productivity Growth Determinants in the
Manufacturing Sector in the Baltic States
(Labour Productivity Growth Determinants in the Manufacturing Sector in the Baltic States)
- Author(s):Toma Lankauskienė
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic development
- Page Range:1-7
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:growth rate; value-added; labour productivity
- Summary/Abstract:This article seeks to derive the determinants of labour productivity growth in the Baltic states’ manufacturing sector and comparatively analyse the results. To achieve this, first, the growth rate of value added and its main contributors, namely hours worked and the growth rate of labour productivity, have been determined. Second, the main contributors to the growth rate of labour productivity, namely the contributions of labour composition, capital, and total factor productivity (TFP), have been established. Last, following the results, the relevant comparative analysis of newly derived indicators in the manufacturing sector has been accomplished, and conclusions have been presented. This paper used the growth accounting research methodology. Research limitations: the research was performed through the primary sources of growth approach, that is, only those determinants that remain important are incorporated in the model. Practical implications: the newly derived contributors to the growth rate of labour productivity reveal actual growth sources targeted to derive conclusions. The latter could be relevant for policy recommendations at both the national (e. g. guidelines for governmental policies for the selected economies) and the international (e.g., guidelines for EU policy and acts) levels. Originality and value: the novelty of the present study lies in the fact that the growth accounting method had not previously been applied in the manufacturing sector for the Baltic states.
Brief Considerations Regarding the Crime of Preventing Access to Compulsory Education in the Romanian Criminal Code
Brief Considerations Regarding the Crime of Preventing Access to Compulsory Education in the Romanian Criminal Code
(Brief Considerations Regarding the Crime of Preventing Access to Compulsory Education in the Romanian Criminal Code)
- Author(s):Nicoleta-Elena Heghes
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Civil Law
- Page Range:8-12
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:crime; education; minor; right to education
- Summary/Abstract:The inclusion of this crime in the current Romanian Criminal Code was a necessity given the alarming increase in the dropout rate by students in lower classes and beyond. The legislator considered it necessary to sanction the parents or guardians of minors who prevent their access to compulsory education in order to ensure the child’s right to education. The text of the law does not refer to the situations in which this abandonment is determined by a precarious material situation, in which case the state must intervene by other means, but the situations in which the parent acts abusively, withdrawing the minor from studies or preventing to follow them, although he would have had all the conditions for it. The deed is not punished, if before the end of the criminal investigation the defendant ensures the resumption of the attendance of the courses by the minor. If, until the conviction is final, the defendant ensures the resumption of attendance by the minor, the court shall, as appropriate, postpone the application of the sentence or suspend the execution of the sentence under supervision, even if the conditions provided by law are not met.
An Analysis of Chinese Leaders’ Images Towards the United States During the Covid-19 Pandemic
An Analysis of Chinese Leaders’ Images Towards the United States During the Covid-19 Pandemic
(An Analysis of Chinese Leaders’ Images Towards the United States During the Covid-19 Pandemic)
- Author(s):Leo S. F. Lin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic policy, International relations/trade
- Page Range:13-20
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Chinese leaders’ images; strategic culture
- Summary/Abstract:This paper provides a preliminary analysis on how Chinese leaders perceive the United States during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. The author borrows the concepts of strategic culture provided by Andrew Scobell (2014). Scobell asserts that “two faces of strategic culture” affect Chinese leader images and perceptions. The first face of strategic culture is concerned with a country’s self-image – the perceptions and realities of its dominant strategic traditions and how these interact and produce outcomes. The second face of strategic culture involves the image of other countries. Scobell argues that Chinese leaders tend to view their strategic tradition as the “Great Wall” strand of strategic culture, and therefore it shows “active defense” in nature. Chinese leaders tend to describe other states as more focused on aggressive and disreputable intentions in relation to China. This author uses pattern-matching research methodology and compares the theoretical pattern and the observed pattern. The data were collected from Chinese leaders’ speeches and government websites. The author codes and analyzes the data based on the conception model. Based on the empirical findings, this author confirms two strategic culture faces during the pandemic that affect Chinese leaders’ images. The result shows that Chinese leaders tend to have negative images towards the United States.
Criminological Explanations of Psychological Trauma and the Criminogenic Process
Criminological Explanations of Psychological Trauma and the Criminogenic Process
(Criminological Explanations of Psychological Trauma and the Criminogenic Process)
- Author(s):Gabriel Tănăsescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
- Page Range:21-28
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:psychic trauma; criminogenic process;
- Summary/Abstract:This article describes the criminogenic process and the social implications of psychological trauma on the victim's behavior. Psychic trauma reflects the unique, devastating, painful experience that the victim is experiencing and cannot escape. Sometimes the consequences of childhood sexual abuse turn into mental trauma and can fundamentally change the victim's perception of social values, forming a devaluing perception of oneself. Out of the desire to get rid of the unbearable guilt complex, the victim who has become a young adult renounces his moral function and objectifies his will within the criminogenic process to satisfy the requirements of uncontrollable destructive impulses (destruction drive). An unusual process of transference takes place, the young adult, a victim of sexual abuse in childhood, discovers in his emotional memory a compulsive admiration for the will to power of the one who abused him. The aggressor is perceived by the traumatized in a distorted way, as an individual who will never know the suffering, because he uses violence and has absolute power over the victim. By passage to the act the victim who has become an aggressor tries to escape the trauma, he tries to get rid of the humiliation.
Opening the Black Box: Disbursement Delays Impacts on Growth in Asian Development Bank (ADB) Loan Projects in Indonesia
Opening the Black Box: Disbursement Delays Impacts on Growth in Asian Development Bank (ADB) Loan Projects in Indonesia
(Opening the Black Box: Disbursement Delays Impacts on Growth in Asian Development Bank (ADB) Loan Projects in Indonesia)
- Author(s):Muhammad Amir Ingratubun, Akhmad Fauzi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Economic development
- Page Range:29-42
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Disbursement delays; growth; money creation
- Summary/Abstract:Compared with commercial banks that take one day, Asian Development Bank (ADB) loans take over 5-year before they are fully disbursed after the borrower signed the loan agreements, because of conditionalities. During which, the funds stay in the banks and gain compounded interest disfavoring Indonesia and affect its economic growth. Development aid studies have mostly overlooked these gains, and their impacts. We reviewed the financial costs of delays during project implementation in Indonesia and their impacts on GDP growth involving 325 ADB's loan projects with over 1,100 sub-loans, from 1969 to 2017 totaled over $33 billion. We applied a non-econometric, and quantitative attribution methodology, adopting project and portfolio management principles. The results show that 'if disbursed 100% in year-1', the ADB loans help Indonesia stabilizing growth at 6% per annum until they are at 1%-GDP. Because of disbursement delays, this is shortened by half with 60% volatility and declining at 0.42%-GDP (average ADB loans) due to ADB's standard implementation of 5-year and with 2-year delays (7-year). Growth sharply decays at 0.5%-GDP and reaches zero as ADB loans increase to 0.81%-GDP. Indonesia suffers a capital loss of $0.5 - $12 per $1 loan because of disbursement delays under today's prevalent banking practices. Accounting for these losses, ADB loans have severe negative impacts as growth suffers over 200% volatility because of disbursement delays. Fixing this is simple but requires a fundamental change.
Legislative Considerations on Respecting Patient’s Rights in the Global Context Generated by the SARS COV-2 Pandemic
Legislative Considerations on Respecting Patient’s Rights in the Global Context Generated by the SARS COV-2 Pandemic
(Legislative Considerations on Respecting Patient’s Rights in the Global Context Generated by the SARS COV-2 Pandemic)
- Author(s):Cristina-Luiza Erimia
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:43-49
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:fundamental rights; the right to health
- Summary/Abstract:In the contemporary era, the right to health is a part of human rights and is based on one's natural rights. Hence the obligation of the states to elaborate an appropriate legislation and to implement this obligation, i.e. social responsibility in health. This article aims to analyze the way in which the rights of European patients are respected in the current global context, referring, in particular, to respecting patients' rights in the Romanian health system. The assertion of patient's rights must take into account, in particular, citizens’ right to travel (freedom of movement) between the Member States of the European Union and equal opportunities, so as to benefit from quality services, in particular, to promote the implementation of these rights in all the states at regional level. In addition, the observance of these rights in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic implies changes in the daily relations between the patients and the ensemble composed of specialists and health structures. A modern healthcare system needs to be focused on the patient's needs, to have dynamic and integrated structures, adaptable to the diverse and changing health needs of the society in general and of individuals in particular and, last but not least, it must recognize the patient’s role as an active partner in health policies, especially in the case of the SARS CoV-2 infection’s emergence.
Saudi EFL Learners Choice of Language in their Emails to Instructors
Saudi EFL Learners Choice of Language in their Emails to Instructors
(Saudi EFL Learners Choice of Language in their Emails to Instructors)
- Author(s):Tahani Alabdali
- Language:English
- Subject(s):School education, Distance learning / e-learning
- Page Range:50-56
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:pragmatic performance; speech acts production; EFL
- Summary/Abstract:This paper investigates the linguistic preferences of Saudi female university students in relation to their choice of language (L1 or L2) in the emails they send to their instructors. The sample included a total of 47 emails that were sent by the students of the College of Languages and Translation IMSIU to their instructors. Students in CLT are required to use the English language in the emails they send to their instructors, and the use of the Arabic language is not acceptable. However, the analysis shows that they used Arabic in 19 emails (almost 41%). Our assumption is that students tend to use Arabic when they are planning to communicate particular speech acts. The analysis revealed that the speech acts that were communicated most frequently in these emails were: greeting, complimenting, apologizing, requesting (information), requesting (favour), and complaining. The results show that greeting and apologizing are the most frequently used speech acts in both languages. The least performed speech act in both languages was that of complaining. However, the most frequently used two speech acts had a higher percentage in the Arabic (L1) sample, with 89.5% of the total number of Arabic emails including these two types. To understand the students' perspective, a self-reflection questionnaire was distributed and collected, in which students were asked to pick their preferred language of email communication in relation to each of the six speech acts. The results of the questionnaire revealed that Arabic was the majority's choice in performing the speech acts of complaining and apologizing. This study and similar ones can shed the light on areas of weakness in EFL students' pragmatic performance, hence giving more attention to ways of improving them.
Application of Legal Instruments of Protection in the Field of Personal Data – Human Rights between Challenges and Limits
Application of Legal Instruments of Protection in the Field of Personal Data – Human Rights between Challenges and Limits
(Application of Legal Instruments of Protection in the Field of Personal Data – Human Rights between Challenges and Limits)
- Author(s):Mădălina Botină, Marilena Marin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
- Page Range:57-66
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:human rights; personal data; sensitive data
- Summary/Abstract:This paper proposes the analysis of a situation that may arise in the matter of personal data, when we talk about the protection of such data, as well as about the applicable legislation, referring to those legal instruments for the protection of personal data. Since the implementation of the legal texts also implies the confrontation with the reality or with the factual situation, the working hypothesis we propose is that of the limitations that appear regarding the exercise of what we generically call “human rights”. These limitations and the way in which the legislation has the capacity to deal in particular with respect for human rights, are challenges that we will analyze in our paper. As a working method, we chose qualitative analysis, observation and comparison, using various types of normative acts applicable in European countries. As a subject of analysis, I preferred the legislation within the European Union, as well as the Romanian legislation.
Insolvency Issues in the European Union
Insolvency Issues in the European Union
(Insolvency Issues in the European Union)
- Author(s):Anca Roxana Bularca
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Law on Economics, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:67-72
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:insolvency; restructuring; second chance
- Summary/Abstract:The material presents an analysis of the evolution of the insolvency approach at the level of the European Union as a result of the economic-financial crisis from 2009-2013 and beyond. As is well known, the Member States of the European Union have different legal systems, and their harmonization has been and is a desideratum of the management of this entity of public international law, but the practical materialization encounters a series of difficulties. Insolvency is an area of commercial law, and it has undergone a remarkable evolution lately, given on the one hand the evolution of the economy, but also the strong influence of Anglo-Saxon legislation that has proven to be much more effective. In practice. Hardly, but surely, the traditionalist legal systems for which bankruptcy is a punishment, have embraced the idea that a remedial bankruptcy is much more beneficial to the economy and have changed domestic law. At this stage, with similar domestic insolvency laws at Member State level, the European Union's leadership is in a position to adopt uniform and extremely useful rules for its economy.
Romanian Public Sector Staff. Categories. Applicable Legal Rules. Particularities
Romanian Public Sector Staff. Categories. Applicable Legal Rules. Particularities
(Romanian Public Sector Staff. Categories. Applicable Legal Rules. Particularities)
- Author(s):Narcis Godeanu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Law, Human Resources in Economy
- Page Range:73-80
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:staff;categories; public office;
- Summary/Abstract:The study aims to create a picture of staff working in the public sector in Romania. The objectives they address are the following. First, it is proposed to identify the categories of staff who carry out their activity within the public authorities and institutions in the Romanian system. Then the three main categories are identified and analyzed: people who fulfill public dignities; persons holding public office and contract staff. The analysis of the legal situation of each category is made through the prism of the current legal framework, starting with the Constitution and the laws adopted on its basis, related to the constants derived from the doctrine and jurisprudence. Particular attention is paid to the two Codes, namely the Labor Code and the Administrative Code, in terms of the relationship between their provisions in regulating the legal situation of all staff.
Some Shortcomings of the Legal Framework Applicable in the Covid-19 Context
Some Shortcomings of the Legal Framework Applicable in the Covid-19 Context
(Some Shortcomings of the Legal Framework Applicable in the Covid-19 Context)
- Author(s):Cătălina-Georgeta Dinu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:81-85
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:public health; human rights; pandemics
- Summary/Abstract:The article presents some aspects of the recent past of the pandemic with COVID-19, namely during 2020, either from a state of emergency or from a state of alert that was established in Romania. The exceptional situation still found around the world has led public authorities to take unprecedented action and to quickly develop a legal framework to implement these measures. The regulations adopted were not without ambiguities or ambiguities, which is why, in this study we set out to present some examples, namely: the situation of homeless people, rail passenger transport, restricting traffic exclusively in the metropolitan area, protection of chronic patients and not only. The aim of the research is to identify solutions to improve the legislation starting from concrete cases, but also to present the difficulties that the Romanian state authorities have faced and continue to face, in some cases and what solution has often been brought for balancing the relationship between rights and prohibitions, in the context of the need to protect public health by restricting individual rights and freedoms.
Self-Representation on Social Media During Lockdowns in the First and Second COVID-19 Pandemic Waves
Self-Representation on Social Media During Lockdowns in the First and Second COVID-19 Pandemic Waves
(Self-Representation on Social Media During Lockdowns in the First and Second COVID-19 Pandemic Waves)
- Author(s):Alexandra Valéria Sándor
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:86-96
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:COVID-19; self-representation; social media
- Summary/Abstract:Social media is a diverse and dynamically evolving online space that consists of multiple platforms. These social media platforms have become part of the daily lives of many and have grown into important venues of interaction. The ability to cross geographical and cultural borders and the interchangeable roles of sender and recipient (as opposed to conventional mass communications patterns) are two essential features of social media. This pilot study intends to provide an overview of changes that have occurred in self-representation on social media and their possible connection to mental health among Hungarian users using an online questionnaire conducted during two lockdowns in the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this two-step survey indicate that the use of social media and self-representation in social media posts increased during the lockdown periods, with selfies being the most popular type of content shared. In addition, signs of major depression were more prevalent among social media users who shared photos or videos of themselves or their close relations at least once a day on Messenger, the platform on which willingness to share this type of content increased the most during the lockdowns.
Are Neoliberalism Policies Undermining Free and Democratic Societies?
Are Neoliberalism Policies Undermining Free and Democratic Societies?
(Are Neoliberalism Policies Undermining Free and Democratic Societies?)
- Author(s):Danielle Araujo
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Society, Government/Political systems
- Page Range:97-101
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:neoliberalism; neoliberalism policies; democracy
- Summary/Abstract:Neoliberalism is a term that has attracted a remarkable degree of frustration and fury within the academia. Its political ideology is associated with Wall Street greed, union-busting, deregulation, wage theft, privatization and exploitation. Critics claim it has been used as a weapon of the wealthy class to mask their true intentions. It removes decision-making out of popular hands and places decisions in the hands of unelected International Organizations, undoing democracy. The extreme inequalities and empowerment of capital that neoliberalism brings about, reduces human beings into market actors undermining the power and needs of the people. The main conclusion of the paper is that neoliberalism policies are a radicalizing threat to human potential and democracies in the 21st century.
Language Policies for Promoting Romanian in Europe
Language Policies for Promoting Romanian in Europe
(Language Policies for Promoting Romanian in Europe)
- Author(s):Veronica Cristina Nedelcu, Laura Elena Pascale
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Language studies, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:102-105
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:linguistic policies; Romanian language
- Summary/Abstract:Promoting Romanian language in the European area is a major objective of Romanian linguistic policies that embrace the EU directives. This can be achieved through activities that preserve the identity and also increase the visibility in Europe and internationalize Romanian language and culture. Any European project or activity extensively applied is based on linguistic diversity which is remarkable not only at a European level, but globally. This is because we are at a stage in which mobility and interaction define the individual and the contemporary social identity.
On the Emotional Fallout of COVID-19
On the Emotional Fallout of COVID-19
(On the Emotional Fallout of COVID-19)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:106-117
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Affec; Collective moods; Communication
- Summary/Abstract:Income inequality stretches deep in the time prospect the differing groups of the finance community and the real economy have during crises. Differing emotionality arises from economic crisis communication in the news if wealth exists or does not. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 fallout, the finance world in general has different emotional experiences than real economy agents. The most recent market volatility created opportunities for the sophisticated finance community to swop winning industries for losing industries that can be shorted and hence negative market performance could be turned into gains. In the real economy, concrete constraints create a more emotional and destructive reaction to the general information about COVID-19. Comparing the economic consequence of the endogenous crunch for the finance world and the real economy aids to retrieve crisis-specific recovery recommendations. Understanding how the social compound forms economic outcomes promises to explain how market outcomes are developed in society.
Psychopathology of Plastic Art and Creativity
Psychopathology of Plastic Art and Creativity
(Psychopathology of Plastic Art and Creativity)
- Author(s):Cristina-Gabriela Schiopu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Individual Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
- Page Range:118-123
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:artistic; creativity; psychology
- Summary/Abstract:Art is born at the border of external and intrapsychic realities, through the human being’s necessity of including pragmatic elements of his environment into his own affective system. Creativity stands between objective and subjective worlds as a symbolic metamorphosis of the material into the immaterial of the imagination, conscience and emotions of the artist. The product of creativity will be a complex interpretation of environmental elements meant for reinterpretations by other personalities, with their own individual and specific set of imagination tools. But what if, the inspiration for the artistic work is not a reflection of reality but o product of patho-psychological disruptions or, what if the inspiration resides in the altered emotional and neurological perception of reality? The artistic creativity within psychopathological activity in certain psychiatric disorders have been raising interest for both medical and non-medical world but the most intriguing aspect, is maybe, the colorful and complexity of emotions and sensations that are perceived by non-psychiatric persons when viewing such works. Maybe this could represent an argument for the subjective and relativeness of the human psychology, beyond social and cultural standard values.
Online Child Pornography: A New Challenge for the Society
Online Child Pornography: A New Challenge for the Society
(Online Child Pornography: A New Challenge for the Society)
- Author(s):Mohamed CHAWKI
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology, Victimology
- Page Range:124-131
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Child pornography; Criminalization; Pedophiles
- Summary/Abstract:Controlling online child pornography has always been a challenge for the global community. The introduction, growth, and utilisation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been accompanied by an increase in illegal activities. With respect to cyberspace, children’s massive online presence and the rise of child pornography as a business are forcing all countries to adopt strong laws and collaborate internationally to tackle this threat. Recent online search trends indicate a manifold increase in the search for child pornographic material. Although there is a diversity of opinions on the definition of child pornography and the appropriate punishment, it is widely accepted that the Internet has exposed more children to pedophiles, mostly from poor countries. With respect to Egypt, almost 55% of the population has access to the Internet, and most Internet users access social networking sites. On such a basis, this article seeks to address and analyse the following issues: Firstly, the impact of ICTs on the spread of online child pornographic material and the techniques used by offenders. Secondly, an analysis of the existing legislative and regulatory framework and their efficiency in combating this form of organised crime will be provided, taking Egypt as a case study. Finally, the paper will conclude by discussing some recommendations that should be taken to protect children and society and minimise the risk of utilising ICTs in illegal criminal activities, especially with respect to child pornography.
Revisiting the Concept of Koinonia
Revisiting the Concept of Koinonia
(Revisiting the Concept of Koinonia)
- Author(s):Daniel G. Oprean
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Biblical studies, Pastoral Theology
- Page Range:132-137
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:koinonia; participation; church; communion
- Summary/Abstract:It is the aim of this article to sketch the dimensions of Pauline theology of koinonia. The Christian life is lived in the reality of participation in Christ’s death, resurrection and suffering. And these are the elements of what could be called the vertical dimension of koinonia with Christ, at the individual and communal level. There is also a horizontal dimension of koinonia with Christ, namely the communion of believers in the Body of Christ, the Church. Any individual believer is to acknowledge his participation in the community of Christ. This is actually reminded anytime when the believers share the Eucharist. The common element that connects the two dimensions, vertical and horizontal, of koinonia with Christ, is His example, expressed powerfully in his kenosis. The church mirrors Christ’s kenosis in every member’s attitude towards each other, in the embrace of the other in the same way in which, lovingly and sacrificially, Christ embraced humanity, in his body, transforming it from within.
The Church and Social Media
The Church and Social Media
(The Church and Social Media)
- Author(s):Sorin Bădrăgan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:138-142
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:church; social media; mediatization
- Summary/Abstract:As nearly half of the global population is on one or more social networks, the churches need to relate to this rapidly expanding phenomenon. The churches have regarded social media primarily as a tool to fulfill their ministry, so generally in positive terms. However, the negative side of social media requires a proper response from the church, perhaps mainly by serving those who are directly affected by it. But social media is more than just a tool, according to the theory of mediatization, social media deeply influences all aspects of personal and public life. This paper explores what the appropriate response could be on the part of the church to this new reality which poses difficult challenges.
DNA Method in the Medico-Legal Expertise and Forensic Science
DNA Method in the Medico-Legal Expertise and Forensic Science
(DNA Method in the Medico-Legal Expertise and Forensic Science)
- Author(s):Valentina Avramescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology
- Page Range:143-148
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:genetic identification; forensic expertise
- Summary/Abstract:In the criminal investigation, expertise has an important role in terms of finding out the truth about the criminal case. To identify or exclude suspects, specialists in the field use the DNA method, a method that is performed in forensic laboratories or in forensic institutions. The genetic fingerprint includes that chemical structure that differentiates us from other individuals and that helps specialists determine the genetic code through biological traces present on the spot. It can be seen that the DNA profile has a great utility, especially in the expertise of filiation, the establishment of biological traces, the identification of victims, the confirmation or refutation of guilt. The paper presents the importance of the DNA method and the contribution of this profile in terms of both the acquittal of the suspects and the reparation of some judicial errors.
Prevention of Deviant Conduct in Minors in Romania
Prevention of Deviant Conduct in Minors in Romania
(Prevention of Deviant Conduct in Minors in Romania)
- Author(s):Bogdan Buneci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology
- Page Range:149-153
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:juvenile delinquency; prevention of crime; deviant conduct
- Summary/Abstract:The prevention of juvenile delinquency represents an important part of preventing criminality in a community, so that the legislative system had to adopt humane activities and orientations with respect to young persons for the purpose of developing non-criminal attitudes. The pursuit to prevent juvenile delinquency materialized in a series of international legal measures to ensure a balanced development of teenagers, with respect for their personalities, which have been largely taken over in national legislation, as a series of plans and programs for the young, with funds, resources and services for their treatment. In concrete terms, Romania took a series of measures in accordance with international conventions, that were inserted in the Romanian Constitution, in the Criminal Code, in special procedures of the Criminal Procedure Code, and also in special legislation for the protection and promotion of children’s rights.
The Role of Intellectuals in the Religious Education of Children and Youngsters in Communist Romania
The Role of Intellectuals in the Religious Education of Children and Youngsters in Communist Romania
(The Role of Intellectuals in the Religious Education of Children and Youngsters in Communist Romania)
- Author(s):Ciprian Corneliu Ciurea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:154-164
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:church; neo-Protestant; intellectuals
- Summary/Abstract:Immediately after coming to power, communist regime aimed at creating an atheist society, slowly but surely. As it was an exclusive “religion”, which could not accept another one around it, the communism became “the enemy of any other form of religion, and in particular of Christianity” (Bardyaev 1960, 158). Becoming aware that with adults they could not achieve their goals, communism accepted the idea that it should “bear” the adults’ convictions and mindset and focus on the younger generations to stop the forwarding of religious beliefs.
Engineering in Criminal Probation. 3D Scan of the Body with the Help of Virtopsy Software
Engineering in Criminal Probation. 3D Scan of the Body with the Help of Virtopsy Software
(Engineering in Criminal Probation. 3D Scan of the Body with the Help of Virtopsy Software)
- Author(s):Cosmin Butură
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law
- Page Range:165-170
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:engineering; forensic research; Virtopsy, investigations
- Summary/Abstract:Over time, engineering has played an important role in the development of the society we have today. Technology has been and will be the science that has given mankind an increase in quality of life, strong economic growth, strong military influence, a chance at life in treating incurable diseases that threatened and threaten the population and last but not least engineering in the field of justice brought justice. The implementation of engineering in the technological modalities of forensic research through imaging and radiological diagnosis, meant an innovative solution for criminologists. Thus, for investigations where a corpse is always found at the crime scene, the forensic probation must be carefully analyzed by specialists, and it cannot be brought to a favorable result without a technology that allows this. If we look in this context at the classic methods of determining the cause and time of death, we see that once at the morgue of the IML, specialists resort to surgical means namely autopsy of the corpse by dissection and subsequent finding the result, by suturing and grooming. This classic process takes time, and for criminal investigation bodies can bring serious negative effects, such as a new crime or even the escape of the criminal. So here we can understand the need for engineering and so nowadays specialists can boast of the new Virtopsy software. This software is designed as a CT that with the help of 3D scanning of the body, can determine not only the time and cause of death, but also blunt objects possibly inside the body. Interestingly, this software, thanks to scanning, radiological diagnosis and imaging, reaches the possibility of calculating the depth of the wound, the technological properties of the knife, the knife, for example, in the case of a stabbing, the technology of bullets in the case of shooting, and many other material and technological properties of weapons or objects that caused death. Virtopsy is therefore the software that sheds light on murder cases, this software is again a living proof of the importance of engineering in this field as well.
Some Measures to Prevent Domestic Violence
Some Measures to Prevent Domestic Violence
(Some Measures to Prevent Domestic Violence)
- Author(s):Adriana Tulus
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminology, Victimology
- Page Range:171-174
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:domestic violence; protection; prevention; victim
- Summary/Abstract:The Romanian Constitution guarantees the equality of citizens before the law and public authorities without privileges or discrimination, as well as the rights and freedoms of all persons. It also provides that no person shall be subjected to torture or to any other degrading or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Following the legislative changes in 2004, the National Authority for the Protection of the Family and the Rights of the Child was born in Romania, which was established by taking over the attributions of the National Authority for the Protection of the Rights of the Child, the Pilot Center for Assistance and Protection of Victims of Domestic Violence of Information and Consultancy for the Family and of the National
Considerations Regarding the Independence of Justice in the Current Romanian Society
Considerations Regarding the Independence of Justice in the Current Romanian Society
(Considerations Regarding the Independence of Justice in the Current Romanian Society)
- Author(s):Bogdan David
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Governance, Public Administration
- Page Range:175-179
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Justice; public opinion; magistrates
- Summary/Abstract:The impact of the Reports of the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism in Justice (CVM) on the general public opinion but also on the professionals from the Romanian justice created divergences of opinion regarding the independence of the Romanian justice. Also, the abolition of the Section for Investigation of Crimes in Justice (SICJ) generated intense and legitimate discussions both between Romanian magistrates and especially between Romanian politicians, thus forming a phenomenon of confusion in the perception of public opinion regarding the existence and prerogatives of SICJ. In the present approach, we want to expose the belligerent points of view of the supporters of keeping the SICJ but also of its dissolution as well as the impact of CVM on the public opinion. Thus, we will present potential reactions at the level of the general perception regarding the topics under discussion.
Decreasing the Number of Judicial Errors from the Perspective of Synergological Expertise in Romania
Decreasing the Number of Judicial Errors from the Perspective of Synergological Expertise in Romania
(Decreasing the Number of Judicial Errors from the Perspective of Synergological Expertise in Romania)
- Author(s):Dan Cristian
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Behaviorism
- Page Range:180-184
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:civil law; psychology; criminal law
- Summary/Abstract:The administration of justice in any state in the world is done by people and is therefore not perfect. Judicial errors can occur for various reasons, most often the subjective human factor that leads to final court decisions that can affect the entire existence of a suspect. There have been countless cases in which those sentenced by final and irrevocable sentences to years of imprisonment have been acquitted before serving their sentences, as it has been shown that the criminal act allegedly committed by them was in fact committed by another perpetrator. At other times, the acquittal decision was taken after the convict had fully completed the sentence, which produced its legal effect only for the rehabilitation institution. The article aims to analyze some of these judicial errors, the causes that determine them and their effects on the life course of the individual suspected of committing an illegal act, for different branches of law, from the perspective of synergological science. Some conclusions drawn at the end of the paper will aim to strengthen the arguments presented regarding the benefit of a forensic synergological expertise.
Alleviating COVID-19 Inequality
Alleviating COVID-19 Inequality
(Alleviating COVID-19 Inequality)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:185-190
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Banking, Connectivity; Consumption; Coronavirus; COVID-19
- Summary/Abstract:This paper detects and offers solutions to alleviate COVID-19 induced inequality. The COVID-19 external shock now clearly created economic disparity between nations, industries and societal groups. This paper discusses rising inequality trends in finance, healthcare and digitalization exacerbated during the global COVID pandemic. It then discusses the most novel and cutting-edge innovations in bridging the finance-world and real economy inequality gap, fostering digitalization advancements and common goods oriented access to affordable healthcare but also equality in connectivity and tech-skills development to overcome unforeseen inequality in the shadow of COVID-19.
Women’s Gendered Work Experiences in a Hyper-Masculine Organization: Differences Between Cohorts
Women’s Gendered Work Experiences in a Hyper-Masculine Organization: Differences Between Cohorts
(Women’s Gendered Work Experiences in a Hyper-Masculine Organization: Differences Between Cohorts)
- Author(s):Chelli Plummer
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies
- Page Range:191-197
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:women; millitary; mothering; equal opportunity
- Summary/Abstract:In 1973 the Department of Defense (DoD) switched to an all-volunteer force (AVF), opening many opportunities for women. Prior to this, women were an inconvenience that the military was forced to deal with, utilized out of necessity but legislated out of the ranks when possible (DePauw 1981; Lazar 2006). This disdain transferred to feelings concerning military families, something the military did not want to focus on (Lazar 2016; Miller 1997; Murdoch et al. 2006). However, a change to AVF projected shortfalls in manpower that necessitated incorporating women more fully. Over the next few decades, women’s service continued to grow, as did their options (Crowley and Sandoff 2017; King 2015). In 2015, Secretary of Defense Carter set a January 1, 2016 deadline for the services to comply with his order to open all combat positions to women (Crowley and Sandoff 2017; King 2015). Today women serve fully in the military. Even as the military draws down the number of troops, women’s participation stays constant, with some branches experiencing increases in the numbers of women serving. Nonetheless, the military remains predominately masculine in both its membership and culture (Crowley and Sandoff 2017). The military and family are competing institutions and, as such, women confront contradictory expectations of the roles they play (Segal 1986). These roles elicit competing devotions which demand complete dedication. While this phenomenon is not unique to military personnel, the intensity and complexity of the demands consume the lives of female service members more than many other workers.