Търновска книжовна школа – пространства на паметта. Том 11
Tarnovo Literary School: Spaces of Memory. Volume 11
Contributor(s): Ivan Lazarov (Editor), Hristo Bondzholov (Editor), Tsenka Ivanova (Editor), Plamen Pavlov (Editor), Vladimir Vladov (Editor)
Subject(s): Christian Theology and Religion, History, Anthropology, Social Sciences, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Archaeology, Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Theoretical Linguistics, Diplomatic history, History of ideas, Local History / Microhistory, Military history, Political history, Middle Ages, Modern Age, Theology and Religion, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, 16th Century, 17th Century, 18th Century, Eastern Orthodoxy, Translation Studies, History of Religion
Published by: Великотърновски университет „Св. св. Кирил и Методий”
Keywords: literature studies; linguistics; history; archaeology; philosophy; theology; art studies; folklore studies
Summary/Abstract: The 𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑜 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑙 collections contain reports from the recurrent international symposium “Tarnovo Literary School”, which is the oldest and most respected forum on Old Bulgarian studies in Bulgaria and worldwide. It was held for the first time in 1971 under the auspices of UNESCO, and the first collection of articles came out in 1976. The𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑜 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑙 collections are among the most cited editions in the fields of Old Bulgarian studies and research into medieval Bulgarian spiritual and material culture from its pre-Tarnovo and Tarnovo periods, as well as on the cultural and literary ties between Byzantium, Bulgaria, and the Eastern Orthodox Slavic world. The main purpose of 𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑜 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑙 is to publish scholarly articles by Bulgarian and foreign researchers in the field of interdisciplinary medieval studies in order to explore the cultural and historical heritage of the Second Bulgarian Empire.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-619-208-181-2
- Page Count: 699
- Publication Year: 2019
- Language: English, Bulgarian, Russian, German, Serbian, Old Bulgarian
Патриарх Евтимий Търновски (1375 – 1393) за смисъла и значението на историята
Патриарх Евтимий Търновски (1375 – 1393) за смисъла и значението на историята
(Patriarch Euthymius of Tarnovo (1375 – 1393) on the Meaning and Importance of History)
- Author(s):Vasil Gyuzelev
- Language:Bulgarian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Cultural history, Local History / Microhistory, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, 13th to 14th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy, History of Religion
- Page Range:5-9
- No. of Pages:5
Култът към Св. Иван Рилски в търновската агиография
Култът към Св. Иван Рилски в търновската агиография
(The Cult of Saint John of Rila In the Hagiography of Tarnovo)
- Author(s):Venelin Grudkov
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Studies of Literature, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, Bulgarian Literature, 6th to 12th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy, History of Religion
- Page Range:13-27
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:religious cult; hagiographical texts; ethnos
- Summary/Abstract:The research focuses on the main texts of the Old Bulgarian hagiographical cycle about Saint John of Rila. Text analysis of the post-biographical parts leads to the conclusion that the relics of the Rila saint extremely actualize their impact in historical periods that are dramatic for the ethnic destiny.
Семантика и литерарна функциjа „симбола“ у житиjама Jевтимиjа Трновског
Семантика и литерарна функциjа „симбола“ у житиjама Jевтимиjа Трновског
(Symbols: Deciphering Their Semantic and Literal Function in the “Life of the Saints” by Euthymius of Tarnovo)
- Author(s):Polydoros Gkoranis
- Language:English, Macedonian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Theology and Religion, Bulgarian Literature, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:28-37
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:symbols; literary function; lives of Saints; semantic analysis; hagiograpy
Триодные гомилии Псевдо-Афанасия Александрийского в новоизводных болгарских гомилиариях
Триодные гомилии Псевдо-Афанасия Александрийского в новоизводных болгарских гомилиариях
(Athanasius of Alexandria’s Triodion Homilies in the 14th Century Bulgarian Homiliaries)
- Author(s):Vyacheslav V. Litvienko, Irina M. Gritsevskaya
- Language:English, Russian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, History of Church(es), Studies of Literature, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, Bulgarian Literature, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:38-58
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Triodion homilies; Athanasius of Alexandria; novoizvodnye miscellanea; Euthymius of Tarnovo
- Summary/Abstract:Among the texts known to the Slavic people and ascribed to Athanasius of Alexandria there are seven that we find included in the medieval Triodion homiliaries. With the exception of one homily (i.e. Homily on the Betrayal of Jude), all of them were part of the Triodion Panegeric (Hilandar MS, Ohio, HM.SMS.404), whose origin is connected to the Patriarch Euthymius of Tarnovo and whose texts were later included in various Bulgarian, Serbian, and (sometimes) Russian miscellanea up until the XVII century. To have this many texts of Athanasius within one sbornik is quite unusual both for the Church Typica, and for the known Greek Homiliaries. It is suggested that this fact points to a unique feature of the type of Panegirics that were produced in the literary circle of scribes in Tarnovo.
„Изложение вкратце о православной вере Иоана Философа“ в сборници от ХІV – ХVІІІ в.
„Изложение вкратце о православной вере Иоана Философа“ в сборници от ХІV – ХVІІІ в.
(А Brief Overview of the Orthodox Faith of John the Philosopher in 13th–14th-Century Miscellanea (An Attempt at Attribution))
- Author(s):Aneta Nikolova
- Language:Bulgarian, Russian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Middle Ages, Modern Age, Bulgarian Literature, 13th to 14th Centuries, 16th Century, 17th Century, 18th Century
- Page Range:59-65
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:medieval manuscripts; Tver; Tarnovo; John the Philosopher
Средновековният текст – проблем на нашето време
Средновековният текст – проблем на нашето време
(The Medieval Text: An Issue of Modern Times)
- Author(s):Kiril Kabakchiev
- Language:Bulgarian, German, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, Bulgarian Literature, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, Biblical studies, Eastern Orthodoxy, Translation Studies
- Page Range:66-86
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:reform; Torah; legislator
Сбирката от старопечатни книги на манастира „Света троица“ в Ново село, град Априлци
Сбирката от старопечатни книги на манастира „Света троица“ в Ново село, град Априлци
(The Collection of Old Printed Books of the Holy Trinity Monastery in the Village of Novo Selo near the Town of Apriltsi, Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Maria Polimirova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Studies of Literature, Modern Age, Theology and Religion, Bulgarian Literature, 18th Century, Biblical studies, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:87-115
- No. of Pages:29
- Keywords:Virgin Monastery; Novo Selo; old printed books; Russian liturgical books; engravings; subscriptions; nuns; Stoyan Kovanlushki
- Summary/Abstract:This article presents an unknown until now old printed books collection of the “Holy Trinity Monastery” in Novo Selo, Apriltsi. It contains 18 printed books, most of them are Russian liturgical books, the earliest of which are the Gospel and the Apostle, published in the Kievo-Pechorian Lavra in 1752. Rare editions of engravings are presented and is given the content of the contributions, which gives information about the books themselves, about their owners and about the history of “The Holy Trinity Monastery” in Novo Selo. Particular attention is paid to an unknown note from the famous Bulgarian Revival writer Stoyan Kovanlushki.
Катенните коментари на Св. Кирил Александрийски върху книга на пророк Исайя: преславското наследство в среднобългарска и руска редакция
Катенните коментари на Св. Кирил Александрийски върху книга на пророк Исайя: преславското наследство в среднобългарска и руска редакция
(The Catena Commentaries on the Book of Prophet Isaiah by St. Cyril of Alexandria: The Preslavian Heritage in Middle Bulgarian and Russian Manuscript Tradition)
- Author(s):Stilyana Batalova
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, 6th to 12th Centuries, Biblical studies, Eastern Orthodoxy, Translation Studies
- Page Range:119-139
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Cyril of Alexandria; Slavonic translation; Greek catena; Book of Isaiah; scholia
- Summary/Abstract:The article discusses some scholia by St. Cyril of Alexandria from the Greek Catena on the Book of Prophet Isaiah in comparison with the Preslav translation according to several representatives of the two Slavonic manuscript traditions – the Middle Bulgarian (F.I. 461 from the Russian National Library in Saint Petersburg) and the Russian ones (Mss. Chudovski 182, 183 and 184 from the State Historical Museum in Moskow and Ms. 89 and Ms. 90 from the Collection of the Troitse-Sergieva Laura). The parallels between the Greek and Slavonic manuscript traditions make it possible to draw the following conclusions. The complex Slavonic tradition should be explored because the Middle Bulgarian manuscript tradition is incomplete and represents only a part of the Preslav translation, and the conclusions made on its basis are incomplete. The parallel study of the Slavonic translation with samples from the Greek Catеnae shows that it is insufficient to work only with the full text of the commentary in Patrologia Graeca, as some translation decisions in Slavonic can be explained only by the Greek source used. The study of the scholia by St. Cyril of Alexandria in Slavonic translation, as well as the study of the scholia by Theodulus and John Chrysostom, point to the possibility that the Slavonic translation represents unknown or today unpreserved abbreviated version of the Greek catena.
Праздник Введения во храм Пресвятой Богородицы в словах Феофилакта Болгарского и патриарха Евфимия Тырновского
Праздник Введения во храм Пресвятой Богородицы в словах Феофилакта Болгарского и патриарха Евфимия Тырновского
(The Feast of the Entrance of the Theotokos into the Temple in Theophylact of Ohrid and Patriarch Euthymius of Tarnovo’s Sermons)
- Author(s):Iskra Hristova-Shomova
- Language:Bulgarian, Russian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Biblical studies, Eastern Orthodoxy, History of Religion
- Page Range:140-149
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Entrance of Theotokos; feast; sermon; eulogy; citation of the Bible
Чудото на Богородица с каещия се иконом Теофил от Адан (BHG 1319 – 1320, 1322) – среднобългарски превод от XIV век
Чудото на Богородица с каещия се иконом Теофил от Адан (BHG 1319 – 1320, 1322) – среднобългарски превод от XIV век
(The Miracle of Virgin Mary with the Penitent Theophilus of Adana (BHG 1319 – 1320, 1322): A Middle Bulgarian Translation from the 14th Century)
- Author(s):Johannes Reinhart
- Language:Bulgarian, German, Old Slavonic
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language and Literature Studies, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, Biblical studies, Translation Studies
- Page Range:150-163
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Theophilus of Adana; Middle Bulgarian translations; textology of Church Slavonic MSS; Bulgarian linguistic traces in Serbian MSS; Middle Bulgarian vocabulary
Особая редакция службы Свт. Николаю в двух болгарских минеях XIV век
Особая редакция службы Свт. Николаю в двух болгарских минеях XIV век
(The Special Version of the Service to St Nicholas of Myra in Two Bulgarian Menaions of the 14th Century)
- Author(s):Victoria Legkikh
- Language:English, Russian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, Comparative Studies of Religion, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, Biblical studies, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:164-174
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:St. Nicholas; hymnography; Dragan“s menaion; canon
- Summary/Abstract:The subject of this paper is version of the service to St. Nicholas of Myra in two Bulgarian menaions of the 14th century. One is taken from the collection of the National Library of Russia and another one so called “Dragan’s menaion” is taken from the collection of the Zograf monastery. The service in the both menaions demonstrates the brevity of the composition. This composition is different from the version of the Russian menaions of the 12th – 14th centuries. The composition of services for both Bulgarian menaions is almost identical but there is an important difference – there are different canons with the same kontakion and ikos. Both canons are not known by other traditions. The canon of the Dragan’s menaion is particularly interesting. The origin of this canon undoubtedly goes back to an old one, since it keeps the second second Ode. The images and lexical material also show its antiquity. The paper is devoted to the analysis of this services and in particularly of the canon of Dragan’s menaion.
О средневековых славянских переводах Лествицы Иоанна Синайского и их именованиях в научной литературе
О средневековых славянских переводах Лествицы Иоанна Синайского и их именованиях в научной литературе
(About the Medieval Slavic Translations of John Climacus’ Ladder and Their Names in the Scholarly Literature)
- Author(s):Tatyana Popova
- Language:English, Russian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Language and Literature Studies, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy, Translation Studies
- Page Range:175-188
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:The Ladder of Divine Ascent; John of Sinai; Preslav literary school; Tarnovo literary school; Early Slavic translations and editions
Скалигеровият Патерик и двояката трансмисия на църковнославянските текстове
Скалигеровият Патерик и двояката трансмисия на църковнославянските текстове
(The Scaliger Patericon and the Twofold Transmission of Church Slavonic Texts)
- Author(s):William R. Veder
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Slavonic
- Subject(s):History, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Middle Ages, South Slavic Languages, 6th to 12th Centuries, Translation Studies
- Page Range:189-208
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:text transmission in Slavonic; copying from Glagolitic; copying from Cyrillic; variation in copies; coincidental variation
- Summary/Abstract:An abridged version of the Slavonic Scaliger Patericon is shown to be copied both from Cyrillic and Glagolitic antigraphs; the same circumstance is observed in the translations of the Scete Patericon and Athanasius of Alexandria’s Homilies Against the Arians. Twofold transmission makes it possible to contrast the features of copying from Glagolitic with those of copying from Cyrillic.
Славянският превод на постническите слова на Св. Василий Велики
Славянският превод на постническите слова на Св. Василий Велики
(The Slavonic Translation of the Ascetic Rules and Sermons of St. Basil the Great)
- Author(s):Petko Petkov
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language and Literature Studies, History of Church(es), Ancient World, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy, Translation Studies
- Page Range:209-216
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:St. Basil of Caesarea; Old Bulgarian; Athos; Zographou
- Summary/Abstract:The article examines the Slavonic translation of the Asceticon Magnum and the ascetical sermons of St. Basil the Great, which can be found in the manuscript No. 3 from the library of the Zographou Monastery on Mount Athos. There are described the morphological and lexical features of this important text and also is presented the reception of this translation in the Slavic Middle Ages.
Към изворите на похвално слово за Светите Константин и Елена от Патриарх Евтимий
Към изворите на похвално слово за Светите Константин и Елена от Патриарх Евтимий
(On the Sources of the Panegyric for St. Constantine and St. Helena by Euthymius, Patriarch of Tarnovo)
- Author(s):Pirinka Penkova
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, Comparative Study of Literature, 6th to 12th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy, Translation Studies
- Page Range:217-236
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Patriarch Euthymius of Tarnovo; Constantine the Great; Konstantin of Preslav
- Summary/Abstract:The subject of investigation is the textological relationship between Eythymios’ “The Panegyric for St. Constantine and Helena” and a number of Greek and Slavonic medieval sources: Eusebius of Caesarea’s “Life of Constantine”, Athanasius of Alexandria’s “Orationes contra Arianos”, the Guidi-Vita of Constantine (BHG 364), the Gedeon-Vita of Constantine (BHG 363), “De inventione sanctae crucis” by Alexander the Monk, the Homily of Gregorius Presbyter “Κυριακή τῶν Αγίων πατέρων τῆς Α’ Οἰκουμενικῆς Συνόδου” and the anonymous “De donatione Constantini”. The Greek biographers used the Church chronicles of Eusebius, Sokrates, Rufinus of Aquileia and Theophanes. Тhе Eytimius’ Panegyric indicates the free use of the Greek and Slavonic sources: some events are probably transferred from an earlier Slavonic pro-Vita based on extracts from the Greek Vita BHG 363/364 and “De donatione Constantini” acc. the manuscript 793 in the library of Troice-Sergeevsk Lavra. The description of the miracles of the martyrs Chrisantios and Musonios, the dispute between Alexander of Alexandria and one unnamed philosopher as well as the narrative on Elena in Jerusalem has been found in the Greek Homily of Gregorius Presbyter. The author identifies the philosopher mentioned by Eythymius as Asterius the Sophist acc. to Athanasius’s “Orationes”. Acc. to the linguistic details Eythymius became acquainted with one kompiled pro-Vita of Constantine. The author suggests, that one pro-Vita of Preslav origin was edited at the same time as Konstantin of Preslav’s translation of Athanasius of Alexandria’s “Orationes” before the transfer of “Orationes” to Novgorod.
Към въпроса за словното богатство в произведенията на Патриарх Евтимий
Към въпроса за словното богатство в произведенията на Патриарх Евтимий
(To the Question of the Lexical Richness in the Works of Euthymius, Patriarch of Tarnovo)
- Author(s):Tatyana Ilieva
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, 13th to 14th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:237-267
- No. of Pages:31
- Keywords:Bulgarian diachronic lexicology; Middle Bulgarian; vocabulary of Patriarch Euthymius
- Summary/Abstract:The article summarises the author’s work on the excerpt of Letter N from the Glossary of Patriarch Euthymius. It presents a preliminary observation of part of the vocabulary in the writings of this 14th-century Bulgarian man of letters. The statistical structure of the Glossary is presented in summary – the letter N and the dissemination of the words beginning with N on the micro- and macro-level both in the works by this author and in the Medieval literature with a view to following the continuity of the language and influence of the Cyrillo-Methodian tradition on the writers associated with the Literary School of Tarnovo. A general characteristic of the Glossary is made in relation to the grammatical and semantic category of the constituent lexemes in comparison with the word-forming tendencies in the Old Bulgarian as well as with regard to the origin and functional delimitation of words. Special attention is paid to the vocabulary which has not been lexicographically described so far, as well as to the lexis which is considered diagnostic when ascribing this precise author to a particular literary tradition.
За лексиката с чужд произход в оригиналното творчество на Патриарх Евтимий
За лексиката с чужд произход в оригиналното творчество на Патриарх Евтимий
(About the Vocabulary with Foreign Origin in Patriarch Euthymius’ Original Works)
- Author(s):Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Studies of Literature, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Bulgarian Literature, South Slavic Languages, 13th to 14th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy, Translation Studies
- Page Range:268-282
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Patriarch Eythymius; Bulgarian historical lexicology
- Summary/Abstract:The study is an essay to draw a classification of the lexemes with foreign origin, mostly Greek and Latin, according to the 13th original works of Patriarch Eythymius. Those lexical strata englobe multifunctional and nonhomogeneous unities, dispersed in different textual contexts. They are just a nuance, not the base of the vocabulary, but perform important historical, cognitive, and stylistic functions, rising the prestige of the lexical richness, and crediting it with international dimensions in basic conceptual spheres of Christianity.
Причастията в дионисиевия превод на словата против аномеите от св. Йоан Златоуст
Причастията в дионисиевия превод на словата против аномеите от св. Йоан Златоуст
(The Participles in the Dionysius’ Translation of the Homilies Against the Anomoeans by St. John Chrysostom)
- Author(s):Kamen Dimitrov
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, Morphology, Historical Linguistics, 13th to 14th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy, Translation Studies
- Page Range:283-298
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:participles; Middle Bulgarian language; Dionisiy Divniy; John Chrysostom; Tarnovo Literary School
- Summary/Abstract:The survey hereby focuses on the peculiarities of the participles in a hitherto linguistically unexplored text, namely the Middle Bulgarian translation of Contra Anomoeos („On the Incomprehensible Nature of God“) by John Chrysostom. It consists of six sermons, comprising the first part of the book Margarit (Pearl), a crucial component of the Slavic handwritten tradition. The study of the Slavonic translation of Margarit is very important for outlining the translation practice of the scholars of the literary circle around Theodosius of Tarnovo. The survey is based on the earliest Bulgarian transcript – manuscript F.I.197, kept in The National Library of Russia, Saint Petersburg – written in the middle of the fourteenth century. The manuscript is considered to have been composed during the lifetime of his translator – the scholar Dionisiy Divniy. The article highlights a high degree of similarity between the linguistic devices used by Dionisiy Divniy and by the other representatives of the Turnovo Literary School from the fourteenth century.
Hapax Legomena в корпуса „За серафимите“ от книга „Маргарит“ на св. Йоан Златоуст в превод на Дионисий Дивни
Hapax Legomena в корпуса „За серафимите“ от книга „Маргарит“ на св. Йоан Златоуст в превод на Дионисий Дивни
(Hapax Legomena in John Chrysostom’s Work “Of The Seraphim” from the Margarit Collectanea, Translated by Dionisiy Divniy)
- Author(s):Teodora Ilieva
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language and Literature Studies, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy, Translation Studies
- Page Range:299-315
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:hapax legomenon; poetic language; composite neologisms; derivational synonyms; distribution in the Modern Bulgarian language
- Summary/Abstract:Object of the present research are hapax legomena in the Middle Bulgarian translation of John Chrysostom’s work Of the Seraphims. The analyzed lexemes are the smallest lexical segment in this manuscript and they are a specific parameter/indication of the Dionisii Divni’s idiosyncrasy. Hapax legomena have been compared with more than 60 Old and Middle Bulgarian texts originated in the XII – XVIII century. It examines problems associated with semantics, word formative and morphemic structure and diffusion of these lexemes in the Modern Bulgarian language.
Още за ролята на средновековния търновски книжовен език като класически
Още за ролята на средновековния търновски книжовен език като класически
(More about the Role of the Official Medieval Bulgarian Literary Language as Classical)
- Author(s):Milena Obretenova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Middle Ages, Historical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:316-327
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:third classical language; linguistic policy; abduction
- Summary/Abstract:The article considers the problem about the continual growing of the functional power of the Bulgarian literary language between the IX and XIV century, owing to the purposeful language policy. The result is the conversion of the Bulgarian language in the third and last classical language in Europe. The Innovative in the process of work is the characteristics of classical languages from the sociolinguistic type of view Special accent is placed on the methods of research of Old Bulgarian literary language and the process of forming the rest of the literary languages in the territory of the modern Slavia Orthodoxa.
Старобългарският език като даденост
Старобългарският език като даденост
(Old Bulgarian as a Protolanguage)
- Author(s):Iwan Martschewsky
- Language:Bulgarian, German
- Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages
- Page Range:328-331
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:Old Bulgarian language; Old Bulgarian studies; protolanguage
Света гора Сливенска и Света гора Атонска. За два сакрални района преди християнството
Света гора Сливенска и Света гора Атонска. За два сакрални района преди християнството
(Holy Mountain of Sliven and Holy Mountain of Athos. For Two Sacred Regions before Christianity)
- Author(s):Georgi Kovachev
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Ancient World, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy, History of Religion
- Page Range:335-352
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Holy Mountain; Sliven; Athos; Dionysus; Orphism
- Summary/Abstract:This article compares the ancient heritage of two medieval monastery societies, the Holy mountain of Sliven and the Holy mountain of Athos. Apollo, Dionysus, Zeus, and the Great Mother Goddess were celebrated in both regions as described by ancient sources, art works, archeological and numismatical evidences, and contemporary customs and folklore. According to the research, Dionisos and Orphical rituals were practiced in Antiquity in both areas, perhaps by domestic organized male societies.
Археологически свидетелства за проникването на Кирилометодиевото дело в Североизточна България
Археологически свидетелства за проникването на Кирилометодиевото дело в Североизточна България
(Archaeological Evidence of the Spread of the Cause of Cyril and Methodius in North-Eastern Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Georgi Atanasov
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Local History / Microhistory, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
- Page Range:353-375
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:Мonastery; Ravna; Tsar Asen; pope Clement; knyaz Boris; Cyril and Methodius; Cyrillic alphabet; Glagolitic alphabet; friar Manasius
- Summary/Abstract:Presented are two inscriptions accompanied by graffiti – drawings from the end of 9th and the beginning of the 10th century found in North-Eastern Bulgaria. It is believed that they are directly related to the spread of the cause of Cyril and Metho¬dius in Bulgaria since the mid-9th century. The first monument was discovered during archaeological excavations in the Old Bulgarian monastery near the village of Ravna, Provadiya region, east of the capitals of Pliska and Preslav. There is no doubt, there is written КΛΗΜΕΝΤΟΣ ΠΑΠΑ ΡΟΜ(Η)С (Clement Pope of Rome). Next to the sign, there is a dove against two dragons. Definitely the cult of Clement Pope of Rome, who lived in the first century, and died in exile in Chersonese, was introduced in Bulgaria by the Great Moravian students of St. Cyril and St. Methodius, who arrived in Pliska in 886. The cult was reborn after Cyril found the remains of Clement Pope of Rome on January 30th 861 at the mission in Chersonese, then took them to Rome and formally submit them to the Pope Adrian II in 867. It is remarkable that the only Eulogy to Clement of Rome, written by Clement of Ohrid himself, compares the Pope to a dove brought up by Apostle Peter himself. The second monument is the inscription in Cyrillic and Glagolitic letters from the old Bulgarian fortress near the village of Tsar Asen, Silistra, that emerged around the end of 9th and the beginning of the 10th century. It reads: “On Gospozhina day has been placed the cross. Lord have mercy on me, Manasseh monk with serf through Byzantium“. It is assumed, that Manasseh is a new, unknown by name disciple of St. Cyril and St. Methodius, who specifically warns that he comes from Byzantium, the old name of the Byzantine capital Constantinople. According to Naum’s biography, some of the Mora¬vian students of St. Methodius are sold by the German clergy in slavery. Later, with the support of the Emperor, they were purchased and received in Byzantium, and later, with the personal assistance of Prince Boris, they were brought to Bulgaria.
Рилската грамота на цар Йоан Шишман и някои проблеми на историята на Рилския манастир до ХІV в.
Рилската грамота на цар Йоан Шишман и някои проблеми на историята на Рилския манастир до ХІV в.
(Notes on the History of the Rila Monastery Until the End of the 14th Century)
- Author(s):Dimo Cheshmedzhiev
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, History of Church(es), Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:376-391
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Rila Monastery; St. John of Rila; cult; relics
- Summary/Abstract:This article attempts to shed light on the all too vague history of Rila Monastery until the end of the 14th century – both concerning its founding and based on new interpretations of some well-known sources, mainly hagiographical. Particular attention is paid to newly emerged hypotheses, which claims without argumentation that the Rila Monastery was deserted very early and was subsequently rebuilt anew during the 14th century.
Мощи на светци, придобити по време на войните през Второто българско царство
Мощи на светци, придобити по време на войните през Второто българско царство
(Saints’ Relics Acquired during the Wars of the Second Bulgarian Empire)
- Author(s):Aneliya Markova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, History of ideas, Military history, Political history, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, 13th to 14th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy, History of Religion
- Page Range:392-406
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:relics; wars; pantheon; ideological idea
- Summary/Abstract:The practice, connected to the transferring of relics, imported to the Bulgarian tradition from Byzantium, can be treated as a part of Bulgarian rulers’ “Empire idea”, which has changed at the beginning of 13th century. The formation of an independent pantheon of saints helps to successfully Trinova’s competition with Constantinople and striving for the Bulgarian capital to become “Third Rome”. After the conquest of Constantinople by the Latins in 1204, Bulgarian empire has claimed to be new Christian centre in the Balkans. The construction of its own pantheon of saints’ relics is a necessity for realization of the Bulgarian tsar’s imperial claims. The creation and following of this tradition led its beginning of the military actions and become a part of the ideological platform of the Bulgarian tsars.
Костен архиерейски жезъл от затворения комплекс при Църква № 3 на Трапезица
Костен архиерейски жезъл от затворения комплекс при Църква № 3 на Трапезица
(A Prelatic Bone Sceptre from the Closed Complex Near Church № 3 at Trapezitsa)
- Author(s):Mirko Robov
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Archaeology, History of Church(es), Local History / Microhistory, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, Biblical studies
- Page Range:407-416
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:sceptre; bishop; Trapezitsa
- Summary/Abstract:The prelatic sceptre is a symbol of strength and spiritual power. It imposes the obligation and responsibility to care for the integrity and preservation of the spiritual flock. The sceptre provides the bishop the power to judge and make decisions. The find from Trapezitsa is discovered in the big duplex building, in the civil complex near church № 3, in the Southeastern sector of the stronghold. The find has a biconical shape, with an almost flat upper surface. It’s quite possible that the workmanship is linked to a metropolitan studio. The entire surface features a “bird eye” ornament, applied circumferentially and also radially. Eight relief sheets are placed on the side surface. They are crafted in tall relief. From below the item ends with a bush for the attachment of the wooden stick. It remains an open question as to what kind of a representative of the metropolitan aristocracy was the complex in question meant for – a high-ranking layman or a clerical individual? The bone end of the prelatic sceptre is an important find, which links the new-found civil complex of Trapezitsa with a high-ranking representative of the metropolitan ecclesiastical hierarchy.
Крепостта Русокастро в светлината на историческите извори от XII – XIV в
Крепостта Русокастро в светлината на историческите извори от XII – XIV в
(The Fortress of Rusokastro in the Light of Historical Sources of 12th – 14th Centuries AD)
- Author(s):Milen Nikolov
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Local History / Microhistory, Military history, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:417-421
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Rusokastro; fortress; sources; 13th – 14th centuries
- Summary/Abstract:The fortress of Rusokastro is only 22 kilometers west of the bed of the Bay of Burgas, at the foot of the south approaches towards the Aytos Pass and at north approaches of the Strandja Pass of Kovchas. Its significance to Bulgaria and Byzantium in 13th – 14th c. is well attested in the historical sources of the epoch. The information in them regarding the military campaigns of Andronicus III Palaeologus, the emperor, in 1330 – 1331 is particularly important. According to Ioannis Kantakouzinos as well as Nikiphoros Grigoras the emperor acted in a foreign country, his armies robbed the native population and annihilated their crops. Rusokastro was one of the main targets of the military expeditions of both campaigns. In accordance with the last archaeological investigations the fortress was newly built in the beginning of 13th c., and after 1263 there was new building. The significance of Rusokastro becomes apparent as well because the military camps of Byzantium and the Kingdom of Bulgaria encamped at the fortress in the 14th c.
Археологически данни за представителeн неметализиран текстил от средновековните български земи – XIII–XIV век
Археологически данни за представителeн неметализиран текстил от средновековните български земи – XIII–XIV век
(Archaeological Evidence for Luxury Non-Metalized Textiles from Medieval Bulgaria – 13th – 14th Centuries)
- Author(s):Ivan Chokoev
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Local History / Microhistory, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:422-438
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:medieval silk textile; satin; velvet; samite; twill damask
- Summary/Abstract:We have few written sources referring to the distribution of luxury textiles in medieval Bulgaria. Our knowledge on clothing is based primarily on foreign historical records, while the local Bulgarian sources (ecclesiastical texts mainly) provide general information without any details. The investigation on textiles, excavated in medieval Bulgarian lands lead to accumulation of data on silk fabrics, such as samite, twill damask, satin, velvet and partially covered the lack of written sources for this period. As a result of this study now we will have more solid grounds while comparing the distribution of luxury textiles in Bulgaria and Europe.
Търновски принцеси като иноземни владетелки
Търновски принцеси като иноземни владетелки
(Princesses of Tarnovo as Foreign Rulers)
- Author(s):Rumyana Komsalova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Diplomatic history, Local History / Microhistory, Political history, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:439-458
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:diplomacy; Bulgaria; Middle Ages; princesses; rulers
- Summary/Abstract:An important medium of diplomacy during the Middle Ages were the dynastic marriages and a number of Princesses of Tarnovo became foreign rulers. Have they faced the dilemma of acting in the interest of their homeland or to support the policies of their ruling spouses and how much did they have the opportunity to participate actively in the power structures?
Теодор Светослав – просопографски бележки за времето преди възцаряването му
Теодор Светослав – просопографски бележки за времето преди възцаряването му
(Theodore Svetoslav – Prosopographic Remarks about the Time Before His Reign)
- Author(s):Lachezar Krastev
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Political history, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:459-479
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Theodore Svetoslav; Nogai; Tatars; hostage; Pachymeres
- Summary/Abstract:The article again examines all sources of the life of Theodore Svetoslav before his reign. Their analysis leads to the conclusion that the assumption in science of his 15 years as a hostage to the Tatars and the severe dependence of the Bulgarian Empire after 1285 is insubstantial and there is no support in the sourses. From the point of view of Tatar political practice, such a long hostage is not possible. A new chronology of the events up to 1300 is offered, as well as a new look at the role of Smilets in Bulgarian history.
Цар Иван Александър и развоят на гражданската война във Византия през 1343 – 1344 г.
Цар Иван Александър и развоят на гражданската война във Византия през 1343 – 1344 г.
(Tsar Ivan Alexander and the Development of the Civil War in Byzantium in 1343 – 1344)
- Author(s):Momchil Mladenov
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Diplomatic history, Military history, Political history, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:480-488
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347; Bulgaria; Smyrniote crusades; Emir of Aydin
- Summary/Abstract:The paper presents the key moments of the participation of the Bulgarian state in the Civil war in Byzantium. The author emphasizes the information of the Turkish poet Enveri (15th century). He reports that Bulgaria is part of the sacred alliance organized by the Papacy to fight with emirate of Smirna. Аccording to the author, Tsar Ivan Alexander is part of the Christian coalition. His involvement in Byzantine civil war is a consequence of these diplomatic actions.
Войните и въоръжението в миниатюри от Лондонското четвероевангелие (BL ADD MS 39627)
Войните и въоръжението в миниатюри от Лондонското четвероевангелие (BL ADD MS 39627)
(Weapons, Armour, and Armed Men in the Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander (BL ADD MS 39627))
- Author(s):Ivelin A. Ivanov
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:489-504
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander; medieval miniatures; text-image analysis; medieval weapons; medieval armour
- Summary/Abstract:The article is aimed at a problem that has not yet been investigated by analysing the images of wars and armament in the miniatures of the Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander, dating back to 1355, and currently stored in the British Library (Add MS 39627). The manuscript, which is preserved in a near-perfect condition, is illustrated with 367 fine illuminated images, including those of medieval weapons and armament. The author focuses his analysis on three main issues: – images of offensive weaponry; – images of armour; – the presentation of clothing and military banners in the miniatures which represent warriors and armed men. The approach of the analysis is definitely critical, and the author emphasizes on the presence of two groups – relatively credible, and unreliable images of armaments and armour. In conclusion, the author highlights the potential usefulness of the analysed visual information for the study of the Bulgarian Late Middle Ages.
За покровителството на Цар Йоан Александър към манастирите през ХІV век
За покровителството на Цар Йоан Александър към манастирите през ХІV век
(About Tzar Yoan Alexandre’s Patronage of XIV-Century Monasteries. A New Analytic Survey)
- Author(s):Dragomir Lalchev
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Local History / Microhistory, Military history, Political history, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, 13th to 14th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:505-515
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:monastery; protection; scriptorium; fortress; hesychasm; anachoret
- Summary/Abstract:Paroria Anachorets’ work regards everything happening in Bulgarian and Byzantine societies in the notable and troubled 14th century. Its eventful dynamics is full of councils, civil wars, Ottoman conqueror’s invasion from the East and from the West. This is the time when Bulgaria was ruled by Tzar Yоan Alexander (1331 – 1371), end Byzantine by Emperors Andronicus III (1328 – 1341) and his son Yoan (John) V Palaeologus. This century is full of conflicts and dramatic events making decisions on Byzantine, Bulgaria and Serbia Orthodox Balkan peoples’ fate. Monastery’s Laura is directly connected to Slavic and Byzantine Hesychasm’s and Hesychast monks of Kefalarevo Scriptorium’s literary works’ chronology. Scriptorium being found in 1350 by Bulgarian monk Theodosius of Tarnovo disciple of Byzantine hermit Gregory the Sinaite. Bulgaria’s Tzar Yоan Alexander was a protection of Paroria monastery. The Tzar gave them support and protected them from pillaging.
Залезът на двете царства – татари и българи през втората половина на XIV век
Залезът на двете царства – татари и българи през втората половина на XIV век
(The Downfall of Two Empires: Tatars and Bulgarians in the Second Half of the Fourteenth Century)
- Author(s):Aleksandar Uzelac
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Local History / Microhistory, Military history, Political history, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:516-531
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:The Golden Horde; Despotate of Dobrudja; ‘Demetrius princeps Tartarorum’; Aktau Tatars; Prut-Dniester interfluve
Историческая память о Первом болгарском царстве в правление первых Асеней
Историческая память о Первом болгарском царстве в правление первых Асеней
(Historical Memory on the First Bulgarian Tzardom during the Reign of First Asenides)
- Author(s):Dmitry I. Polyvyannyy
- Language:English, Russian
- Subject(s):History, Political history, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:532-543
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:medieval Bulgaria; Preslav; Tarnovo; St John of Rila; historical memory
- Summary/Abstract:The restoration of the Bulgarian Tzardom in the end of the 12th – the beginning of the 13th c. in the current historiography is often described in the terms of wide political and ideological program, which was continuously realized by three brothers – founders of the new Asenides dynasty – Peter, John and Kaloyan from 1186 to 1207. Another trend of research considers the activities of the first Asenides as situational but in this case the mobilization of the historical memory provided substantial ideological resources, too. The article contains five cases – of the brothers’ meeting with Isaac II Angel in Kipsela in 1185; using the term Zagora to designate their restored Tzardom; role of Preslav in the époque of the first Asens; the rite of Theodor-Peter’s coronation and transfer of St. John’s of Rila relics from Sredets to Turnovo by John Asen. Their consideration leads to the conclusion, that the strategic course of the first Asens to restore the Bulgarian Tzardom was combined with situational decisions, while the arguments to support them were taken from common historical memory of Bulgarians and received the appropriate connotations in their actions. Later these arguments received verbal interpretations in agiographical, hymnographical, canonical and historiographical works created in Turnovo and Athos.
Наследие Тырновской книжной школы и историческая память болгар о своем прошлом времен Первого болгарского царства в XV–XVI вв
Наследие Тырновской книжной школы и историческая память болгар о своем прошлом времен Первого болгарского царства в XV–XVI вв
(The Heritage of the Tarnovo Literary School and the Historical Memory of Bulgarians about Their Past Time of The First Bulgarian Empire during the 15th – 16th Centuries)
- Author(s):Anastasia Dobychina
- Language:English, Russian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Cultural history, Middle Ages, Modern Age, Theology and Religion, 15th Century, 16th Century, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:544-554
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Tarnovo Literary School; historical memory; St Ivan of Rila; St Cyril and St Methodius
- Summary/Abstract:The paper analyzes the role of heritage of the Tarnovo Literary School in the preservation of historical memory of Bulgarians about their distant past of the period of the First Bulgarian Kingdom during the 15th – 16th centuries. The investigation shows that due to the heritage of the Tarnovo Literary School and connection with Slavonic Orthodox tradition the historical memory about St. Ivan of Rila and SS. Cyril and Methodius preserved.
Граматикът и неговият статус: монах, църковник или светско лице
Граматикът и неговият статус: монах, църковник или светско лице
(The Grammarian and His Status: Monk, Clerk or Secular Person)
- Author(s):Bistra Nikolova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, South Slavic Languages, 6th to 12th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy, Translation Studies
- Page Range:555-569
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:grammarian; monk; church; manuscript; Old Bulgarian; notes; monastery
- Summary/Abstract:The subject of this article is the social status of 22 grammarians known from the medieval Bulgarian sources. The period on which names “grammarians” are found in the Bulgarian Middle Ages is of Xth to beginning of XVth century. One of the goals is to point out what is the status of the “grammarian” in Medieval Bulgaria – is it a service, an alias, a title or an epithet. The places which are connected to these people have been researched. The work of grammarians is mainly connected with copying theological books or with translations from Greek to Old Bulgarian. The Old Bulgarian grammarians are mostly secular persons who work for churches or monasteries. Their work is custom-made or in some cases the work for a fee. The alias “grammarian” in medieval Bulgaria has no official character, it is not a title with designated service. In indicates to certain professional skill, level of education and deserved status higher than the one that an ordinary medieval scribe has.
Женското монашество на Балканите от ХІV до края на ХVІІI век
Женското монашество на Балканите от ХІV до края на ХVІІI век
(Female Monasticism in the Balkans from 14th Till the End of the 18th Century)
- Author(s):Atanaska Stamboliyska
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Middle Ages, Modern Age, Special Historiographies:, Theology and Religion, 15th Century, 16th Century, 17th Century, 18th Century, The Ottoman Empire, Eastern Orthodoxy, History of Religion
- Page Range:570-584
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:female monasticism; nuns; Ottoman Balkans
- Summary/Abstract:For the existence of women monasteries we lack sources, unlike men monasteries, for which we have plenty of written, archaeological and hagiographical data. Relying mainly on the written sources – building and gravestone inscriptions, bead-rolls and marginal notes – I will try to examine the existence of female monasticism in the territory of the Balkan Peninsula from the period of Christianization till the end of the 18th c. (using the above-mentioned sources). Despite some separate mentions of nuns, it could be traced back through the sources that the development of female monasticism in the Balkans was not interrupted from the period before the Ottoman conquest till the end of the 18th c.
Идеите на исихазма, отразени в творчеството на Патриарх Евтимий
Идеите на исихазма, отразени в творчеството на Патриарх Евтимий
(The Ideas of the Hesychasm Reflected in The Works of Patriarch Evtimii)
- Author(s):Antoaneta Buyuklieva
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Cultural history, History of Church(es), Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:587-596
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:spiritual perfection; hesychastdoctrine; moral corruptoon; unity of the church; artistic and aesthetic criteria
- Summary/Abstract:This article examines the works of Patriarch Evtimii, founder of the Tarnovo Literari School and an undoubted authority in the spiritual and cultural life of medieval Bulgaria, in connection with the ideas of the most powerful ideological movement – the Hesychasm. The ideas of hesyhast doktrine are indirectly reflected in the life and encomium of the writer through the image of the characters who have the features of the perfect Hesychast. Evtimii’s answers in his messages directly reflect the ideas of hesychasm of unity of the church and dominion over secular authority and fight against the moral corruption. The analysis of Patriarch Evtimii proves that his entire literary work is subject to the strict moral norms that impose the hesychasm as a spiritual trend, as well as to the high artistic and aesthetic criteria he forms in the literature – true and artistic translations, richly decorated style, exquisite phrase.
Изразните средства на исихастката апофатичност като отражение на древни мисловни модели
Изразните средства на исихастката апофатичност като отражение на древни мисловни модели
(The Means of Expression of Hesychastic Apophaticism as a Reflection of Ancient Mental Models)
- Author(s):Ivan G. Iliev
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Philosophy, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Theoretical Linguistics, Studies of Literature, Special Branches of Philosophy, Middle Ages, Morphology, Syntax, Historical Linguistics, Bulgarian Literature, South Slavic Languages, Philosophy of Religion, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, History of Religion
- Page Range:597-609
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:hesychasm; apophaticism; means of expression
- Summary/Abstract:The article treats the means of expression of hesychastic apophaticism, used by Old Bulgarian writers of the 14th – 15th centuries, and the author tries to show that these means are very old, and were characteristic even for the mind of primitive people. He pays attention to the synonymy of ‘aphophatic’ negative pronouns and ‘cataphatic’ summative pronouns; to the pleonastic use of the negative particle не; to the syntactic but- constructions; and to necessative constructions.
Концептът „воля“ в оригиналните произведения на патриарх Евтимий
Концептът „воля“ в оригиналните произведения на патриарх Евтимий
(The Concept of Will in the Original Works of Patriarch Euthimius)
- Author(s):Vanya Micheva
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Theoretical Linguistics, Studies of Literature, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, Lexis, Semantics, Bulgarian Literature, South Slavic Languages, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:610-618
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:original works of Patriarch Euthimius; semantic realizations of the concept of will
- Summary/Abstract:The semantic realizations of the concept of will in the history of Bulgarian literary language are examined in this paper. The linguistic facts of Old Bulgarian manuscripts, original works of Patriarch Euthimius, New Bulgarian damascenes and modern language are used. The system of phrases and sentences with “will” and its distribution in different contexts are analyzed in a relation with cultural situation in the ХIV c., Christian ideas and strategy of the author.
Ктиторският портрет на митрополит Игнатий и Христовата генеалогия в катедралната църква на Търново „Св. Първоапостоли Петър и Павел“
Ктиторският портрет на митрополит Игнатий и Христовата генеалогия в катедралната църква на Търново „Св. Първоапостоли Петър и Павел“
(The Ktitor’s Portrait of Metropolitan Ignatius and Christ’s Genealogy in the Cathedral Church St. Apostles Peter and Paul in Tarnovo)
- Author(s):Zarko Zhdrakov, Plamen Orfeev
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Old Slavonic
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Cultural history, Architecture, History of Church(es), Middle Ages, Modern Age, Theology and Religion, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, 16th Century, Biblical studies, Other Christian Denominations, History of Art
- Page Range:619-653
- No. of Pages:35
- Keywords:ktitor portait; Metropolitan Ignatius; Christ’s genealogy; St. Apostles Peter and Paul in Tarnovo
- Summary/Abstract:A photograph and a color copy of the fresco, made before the earthquake in 1913 have survived as evidence of the ktitor’s portrait. The ktitor is young and has a black beard, he is clad in a splendid bishop’s vestment with Latin crosses and a black monastic koukoulion. In the image, dedicated to the apostles of the Church of Rome Peter and Paul, he is positioned next to the Virgin Mary with Child on throne, above the western entrance of the church, where there had never been other ktitor’s portrait and inscription and, in fact, that gives grounds for the monumental composition to be dated in the same way as the main painting at the time of bishop Ignatius in 1442. The ktitor is depicted to give the model of the church with both of his hands to the apostles of the Church of Rome St. Peter, who presents him before Christ and his Mother, symbolizing the Church. He seems to be smaller than the other figures and his eyes are looking upwards to the Prince of the Apostles Peter – a vision of the Roman claim for supremacy. The ktitor’s model of the church reflects the state of the building with the external gal¬lery before painting the calendar in the sixteenth century, when the big arch-like barred windows were bricked in connection with the painting of the calendar. Most likely, that earlier reconstruction was done in the mid-fifteenth century, when the town of Turnovo was undertaking major buildings – e.g. the bridge and the mosque of Feruz Bey (1435). To identify the Turnovo metropolitan Ignatius, it is the style of the ktitor’s composition that also helps and the accompanying inscription with palaeographic characteristics that are specific for the signatures of the painter Nikolas (e.g. the anagram from 1442). It is known that Ignatius and the Ecumenical Patriarch Joseph II came from the Bulgarian tsarist family and had been in one and the same kellion of the Mount Athos monastery Alipu. That explains the exceptional presence of St. Athanasius of Mount Athos in the altar near the patron of metropolitan St. Ignatius the God-bearer in the diaconicon where the order of dressing was taking place. The Tree of Jesse is contaminated with the Genealogy of Christ and covers the whole space of the church. It unifies the conceptual program by spreading its branches around the Virgin Mary with Child in the apse, the arcade of the triumphant Heavenly Church with the parents of the Mother of God, the martyr priests and warriors, and the scenes from the life of Christ. A painting by Boris Denev painted before the earthquake in 1913 shows the lying Jesse at the southern pillar of the narthex where the stem of the genealogy tree is sprouting out. The vision is related to the genealogy in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, and also in the Hermeneia of Dionysius of Fourna. The Genealogy of Matthew according to his father’s royal line starting from Abraham, Isaac and Jacob is associated with the one of Luke, according to his maternal line from the ancestors of the |Virgin Mary, Adam, Eve, and Abel, who never occupied the throne of the Jews and in this connection there is the unique branch with the righteous women. The origin of the two genealogies was on the western wall of the narthex facing Jesse. The direction of the visual narrative from left to right is indicated by the image of the semi full-face of Tara, the father of Patriarch Abraham, depicted on the western end of the southern wall of the narthex. The genealogy of Luke on the western wall of the narthex over the entrance had been developing north-wise in the narthex and the naos. The images of their descendants are partially preserved on the northern wall of the narthex (Noah with the Ark and his sons Sim and Japheth) and the naos (Nahor, the father of Tara). The genealogy after Mat¬thew on the western wall of the narthex, south of the entrance, spread over the apse with a unique branch, dedicated to the twelve sons of Patriarch Jacob. Further on, there are the sons of Judah, the Patriarch Kings Zar on the northern pillar in the narthex, and Phares on the southern wall of the narthex next to Tara, where it continues eastward reaching Jesse. From there on, the genealogy is continuing on the northern pillar with Patriarch Ravoam and then in the central arch next to Christ. The Tree of Jesse includes also images from the Hermeneia – e.g. the righteous women, the prophet Nathan, and King Joshua in the southern arch between the narthex and the naos, Patriarch Melchizedek at the northern pillar of the narthex and the pointed by him righteous men named Tobit and Tobias with scrolls unfolded in the northern arch between the narthex and the naos. The connection between the Old Testament and the New Testament is achieved along the west-east axis, from the narthex through the naos to the altar. Depicted in the apse is a branch with the Covenant of Patriarch Jacob as a symbol of the Old Testament unity and prefiguration of the Virgin Mary with Child – cf. the ewer with heavenly manna of Levi and Christ in the hands of Judas. Depicted in the central arch between the narthex and the naos is an allegory of the New Testament unity – the Council of Jerusalem, presented by God’s brethren Jacob and Judas, and the leaders of the apostles Peter and Paul, based of the Seven Ecumenical Synods in the narthex. The tree of Jesse is an element of imperial propaganda, as it is an evidence of the power being taken over from father to son. Most kings have their hands covered for the Holy Communion, but some point to the visual text – e.g. king Zar, the first-born son of Judas, points with his right hand the younger brother Perez from whom originates the family line of Jesse, and his great-grandson, King Aminadav, points with his left hand to his son Nahshon who is called upon to lead Judah’s family line before Moses during the escape of the Jews from Sinai. In the central arch, King Jotham points out to his father Uzziah, who during his life, made him a co-ruler, whereas the kings Sadok and his son Ahim, as well as their descendant St. Joseph, point to the Child dressed in golden vestments as in a dream of the prophet Jesse.
Образно-символни представи от ареопагитските трактати в художествените модели на търновската средновековна живопис
Образно-символни представи от ареопагитските трактати в художествените модели на търновската средновековна живопис
(Image and Symbolic Notions of Areopagite’s Treatises in Artistc Trends of Tarnovo Medieval Wall-Painting)
- Author(s):Lyubomira Stefanova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Philosophy, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Cultural history, Visual Arts, Special Branches of Philosophy, Middle Ages, Modern Age, Theology and Religion, Philosophy of Religion, 15th Century, 16th Century, 17th Century, 18th Century, Eastern Orthodoxy, History of Art
- Page Range:654-673
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:iconographу; image; philosophy; art; symbol
- Summary/Abstract:Common trends of Balkan painting as basic cultural locus of old Byzantine culture influenced Medieval iconographic models of wall-painting heritage of Christian temples in Tarnovo and its region dating from XV – XVIII century. Iconography was developed and enriched by symbolic images and interpretations of motives and events fundamental in Christian philosophy, Bible and hymnography. Artistic tradition of Christianity, strongly apparent in theocentric compositions of church vaults of that period revealed the ideas of Protoimage of God and its realization in cognizable world.
Зографи от Бока-Которска школа и техните икони (XVIII – XIX век)
Зографи от Бока-Которска школа и техните икони (XVIII – XIX век)
(Painters of the Boka-Kotor School and Their Icons (18th – 19th Centuries))
- Author(s):Plamen Sabev
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Cultural history, Visual Arts, Modern Age, Theology and Religion, 18th Century, 19th Century, Eastern Orthodoxy, History of Art
- Page Range:674-685
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Boka-Kotorska icon painting school; Dubrovnik; Tryavna iconographic school; stylistic features
- Summary/Abstract:In the second half of the 17th century a Boka-Kotorska icon painting school was formed. Despite its popularity, extensive research and publications have been made on representative personalities. In the museum of the medieval town of Dubrovnik today there are 35 icons belonging to the Boka-Kotor School. The amount of works attributed to the artistic range of the school is not exhausted. In the first decades of the eighteenth century icons appeared in the most elite and high-paying commercial territories, churches and monasteries, which are post-Byzantine. Even in stylistic terms, as I have already said, they have nothing to do with the old masterpieces of the Dubrovnik masters. The first distinctive feature is that the models and models of iconography that will be used in the work of this school are of post-Byzantine origin. For example, the composition “Deisis”, which is strongly represented in the work of some generations of masters, is indicative. Of course, Western prototypes, decorative elements characteristic of Baroque painting, are coming into the art of later periods. The Tryavna iconographic school, despite its individual characteristics, also follows the traces of naivetry and the shaping of shapes. Undoubtedly, there are long distances, distant centres developing independently of each other. But, on the other hand, the boundaries of art come closer, even cross, especially when it comes to religious-popular ideas and the progression of visual rhythm and reflection of creative consciousness. The present study is devoted to these issues and a comparative analysis of various inscriptions and stylistic features.
Търновското влияние в една икона „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“ на Никола Василев от Шумен
Търновското влияние в една икона „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“ на Никола Василев от Шумен
(The Influence of Veliko Tarnovo in an Icon of Ss. Cyril and Methodius by Nikola Vasilev from Shumen)
- Author(s):Rostislava G. Todorova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Cultural history, Visual Arts, Local History / Microhistory, Modern Age, 19th Century, History of Art
- Page Range:686-698
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Ss. Cyril and Methodius; Iconography; Veliko Tarnovo; Shumen; Nikola Vasilev
- Summary/Abstract:The Renaissance spirit of Veliko Tarnovo leaves its marks not only on the medieval Bulgarian art, but also on the art of the Bulgarian National Revival period. Its traces are noticeable even in the work of painters that have not had anything in common with the city. This is exactly the case with an icon by Nikola Vasilev – the most well-known icon painter from Shumen – painted in 1891. There the Holy Brothers are portrayed against the backdrop of a fantastical capital city named to be Preslav, but containing a sufficient number of credible elements to link it with the current appearance of Tarnovo at that time. The landscape consists fortress walls that look like those of Tsarevets and Trapezitsa and several large buildings, one of which resembles the Usta Kolyo Ficheto’s Konak. Tree Bulgarian national flags placed on decorated pillars crown the whole composition and remind of the Tarnovo Constitution, turning the image to a memoir of the spirit of that time. Although the icon was mentioned by Asen Vasiliev it has not been studied in details yet. Here it will be presented in the context of the iconography of St. Cyril and Methodius typical of Nikola Vassilev whose favorite storyline is the pictures of the Brothers.
