Tarih Alanında Seçme Yazılar - III
Selected Papers in the Field of History- III
Contributor(s): Yunus Emre Tansü (Editor)
Subject(s): Historical Geography, Environmental Geography, Economic history, Military history, Political history, Government/Political systems, History of Education, Health and medicine and law, 6th to 12th Centuries, 16th Century, 17th Century, The Ottoman Empire
Published by: Özgür Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
Keywords: History; social sciences;
Summary/Abstract: Tarih araştırmalarında geçmiş dönemde meydana gelen olayların dönemin şartları göz önünde tutularak, objektif ve nesnel bir yaklaşımla ele alınması önem arz etmektedir. Geçmişte yaşanan olayların yeniden yaşanması olasılığı olmadığından diğer bilim alanlarında olduğu gibi deney ve gözlem metodu kullanılamaz. Tarih insanlığın tüm gelişim evrelerini incelediği gibi dünyadaki değişimi de hafızasında taşır. Dünya ve insanlık tarihinin bir bütün olarak incelenemeyeceği tarih felsefecilerinin ortak görüşü olup, tarihi eserlerde yazılış türlerine göre bölümlere ayrılmaktadır. Bu bölümler; rivayetçi tarih, öğretici tarih, neden nasılcı tarih, içtimai tarih anlayışı olarak bilinmektedir. Rivayetçi tarih anlayışının ilk temsilcisi Heredot olarak bilinir ve doğrudan doğruya hikaye tarzında yazılan eserleri kapsar. Tüm ulusların ilk kuruluşlarında hikayeleştirilmiş tarih anlayışı görülmektedir. Tüm toplumlar Tanrı ve çeşitli kahramanların etrafında hayal gücüne dayanan çeşitli öykülerle kendi kökenleri hakkında sözlü tarih anlatımları kullanmıştır. Yazıyı kullanmaya başlayan ilk uygarlıklar, tapınakların duvarlarına, kil tabletlere hükümdarların eylemlerini ve önemli olayları yazarak, kayıt altına almışlardır. Öğretici tarih anlayışında tarihi olaylardan ders çıkarmak esastır ve tarihçi ait olduğu millete öğütler vermektedir. Bu anlayışın ilk temsilcisi Thukydides’dir. Araştırmacı tarih günümüz tarih anlayışının temelini oluşturur. 19. yüzyıl tarih araştırmalarında tarihi olaylar arasında sebep sonuç ilişkisi kurularak, bilimsel araştırma yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı ve bu bağlamda neden nasılcı tarih anlayışının ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-975-447-634-7
- Page Count: 237
- Publication Year: 2023
- Language: Turkish
Antropomorfik Kapların Anadolu Coğrafyasındaki Tipolojisi
Antropomorfik Kapların Anadolu Coğrafyasındaki Tipolojisi
(Typology of Anthropomorphic Vessels in Anatolian Geography)
- Author(s):Göknil Arda
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Historical Geography, Environmental Geography
- Page Range:1-26
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:Anatolian Geography; Anthropomorphic Vessels;
- Summary/Abstract:In this study we examined “The Anthropomorphic Vessels of Ancient Anatolia”. Because overcoming some deficiencies related to this topic which we have noticed during our researches on prehistoric culture will make new contributions to our field and also reveal the international linkages in this field. In other words, it will emphasize the importance of the cultural flow between the nations and accordingly will contribute to the global integrity of this field. In our study anthropomorphic vessels unearthed in Anatolian geographical regions, and the chronological typology of the anthropomorphism, and figuration and adornment in those vessels found in Anatolia was set up by us.
Göktürklerin Fetret Dönemi’nde (630-680) Çin ile Yaptığı Siyasi Evlilikler
Göktürklerin Fetret Dönemi’nde (630-680) Çin ile Yaptığı Siyasi Evlilikler
(The Political Marriages of the Gokturks with China during the Interregnum (630-680))
- Author(s):Selma Başkan
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Political history, Government/Political systems, 6th to 12th Centuries
- Page Range:28-47
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Gokturks; China; Interregnum; 7th century;
- Summary/Abstract:After the I. Gokturk State collapsed due to many political, military and economic factors such as the throne fights in 581, China's intrigues and famine, it tried to struggle to avoid damage in its foreign policy with China as East and West for about seventy years until 630. Many policies of China were effective in the collapse of the Eastern and Western Gokturk State and entering the fifty-year Interregnum. Among these policies, the heqin policy can be seen as the most important. Heqin policy means marriage by kinship in history. China used with a different function, the heqin policy , which was used for peace purposes in the years when the Gokturks were strong, this time in the Interregnum Period.The China aimed to keep them under control with military governorships (garrisons) placed in Gokturk lands. In these governorships, he married the Gokturk beys to the Chinese princesses and brought them to important positions. In this study, the collapse of the Gokturk State, the struggle for independence and the fifty-year historical period in captivity, the marriages of China with important people from the Ashina lineage and the importance of these marriages in terms of Chinese-Gokturk history will be tried to be discussed.
Yuhannâ b. Mâseveyh'in Koku Risalesi: Cevâhiri’t-Tîbi’l-Müfrede (Çeviri-Değerlendirme)
Yuhannâ b. Mâseveyh'in Koku Risalesi: Cevâhiri’t-Tîbi’l-Müfrede (Çeviri-Değerlendirme)
(The Fragrance Treatise of Yuhanna ibn Masawaih: Jawāhir al-ṭīb al-mufrada (Translation-Analysis))
- Author(s):Mehmet Kavak
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, 6th to 12th Centuries
- Page Range:49-96
- No. of Pages:48
- Keywords:Yuhanna ibn Masawaih; physician; pharmacology;
- Summary/Abstract:Yuhanna ibn Masawaih, famous Syriac physician is also known in the west as Mesuë Senior, Mesue Major and Janus Damascenus. He was born in Gundeshapur as the son of a pharmacist and passed away in Samarra. He served as a personal physician to Abbasid caliphs for many years. He is among the first authors to make significant contributions to pharmacology in the Islamic world. Yuhanna, known for having over sixty works, includes a wide range of aromatic substances in his risalah (treatise) titled Cevâhiri’t-Tîbi’l-Müfrede, offering comprehensive information about a total of 29 aromatic substances, with a particular focus on the 5 main ones among them. In his work, he also addresses the types, qualities, extraction methods, and sales of these basic substances. In this study, after providing biographical information about the author, the works of Yuhanna are listed and the approach taken in handling the mentioned risalah is explained. Ultimately, the risalah is translated, and the terminology utilized in the text is explained through footnotes.
Bağdâd’da Bir Moğol Yönetici: Emir Aruk1
Bağdâd’da Bir Moğol Yönetici: Emir Aruk1
(A Mongol Ruler in Baghdad: Amir Aruq)
- Author(s):Mustafa Aylar
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Economic history, Local History / Microhistory, Political history, Government/Political systems, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:97-109
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Amir Aruq; Baghdad;
- Summary/Abstract:Founded during the Abbasid period and one of the most important cities of the Islamic world, Baghdad was captured by Hülegü, the founder of the Ilkhanid Empire, in 1258 and was subjected to great looting, destruction and massacre. Although the appointment of an experienced person such as Ata Malik al-Juwaynī in the administration of the city had positive results for Baghdād, the troubles in the city did not completely end. During the reign of Arghun, who came to the throne thanks to Emir Buqa after the throne turmoil in the Ilkhanid Empire, the Mongol emir Aruq was appointed as the ruler of Baghdad. Relying on the power of his older brother Emir Buqa, Emir Aruq increased his personal power and wealth in Baghdad. He also engaged in a number of behaviors that disturbed other Mongol emirs. This added to the already existing problems in Bagdad. Every day, more and more people became disturbed by what Amir Aruq and his brother Buqa were doing. As a matter of fact, the Jewish Sa‘d al-dawla, the deputy of Tatarqiya, the shihna of Bagdad, reported this situation to the Ilkhanid ruler Arghun. Finally, the Ilkhanid ruler Arghun put an end to the rule of the Buqa and Aruq brothers and eliminated both of them. Amir Aruq was the ruler of Baghdad for about five years, oppressing the people with his aides in the city and collecting large amounts of money, goods and property.
Enderun-u Hümayûn Muallimlerinden Kolcalı Abdülaziz Bey’in Gözüyle Çin’deki Müslümanlar ve Türkler
Enderun-u Hümayûn Muallimlerinden Kolcalı Abdülaziz Bey’in Gözüyle Çin’deki Müslümanlar ve Türkler
(Muslims and Turks in China through the Eyes of Abdulaziz Bey from Kolca, One of the Public School (Enderun) Teachers)
- Author(s):Zeynel Özlü, Mustafa Murat Çay
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Political history, Social history, Islam studies, 13th to 14th Centuries, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:111-137
- No. of Pages:27
- Keywords:Abdulaziz Bey; relations with China; Islam in Chinese regions;
- Summary/Abstract:Abdulaziz Bey from Kolca was born in 1863 in Ghulja, which is located within the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China today. Some studies indicate that he probably settled in Istanbul in 1900. Abdulaziz Bey worked as a writer for the newspapers İkdam and Metin, and worked as an Arabic teacher and administrator in public schools (Enderun). As it is covered within the framework of this study, bringing Turkistani intellectuals/intelligentsia like Abdulaziz Bey to Istanbul or the interest shown in Turkistan, especially in the Chinese regions became a necessity of the Islamist and, in a way, the Turkism policy followed during the reign of Abdulhamid II. The works of Abdulaziz Bey, who contributed to the world of science with extremely important studies, created significant influences in Turkey, especially with studies such as Bir Çin Âlimi Nazarında İstikbal-i Şarkın Yeni Güneşi Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hazretleri and Umum Türklerin ve Bütün İnsaniyetin İttihadı. On the other hand, the actual fame of Abdulaziz Bey stemmed from being effective in the relations with China and his studies and works on the circumstances of Islam in Chinese regions. Within this scope, his works, such as Çin’de Din-i Mübîn-i İslâm ve Çin Müslümanları, proved to be significant contributions in terms of providing information about China and rational criticisms covered by his works. The works published by the Ministry of Education (Maarif Nezaret-i Celîlesi) with the permit dated 22 April 1319 and numbered 109 consisted of 9 sections. The author drew attention to the existence of numerous studies and works on the circumstances of Islam in Chinese regions in the period while stating that the publication in question was written to reveal the realities on the subject due to the incomplete and inaccurate news that emerged in Europe. Abdulaziz Bey analyzed the main reasons for the respect and countenance offered to Islam and Muslims by the Chinese Government, provided information about the general conditions of Turk-Muslim peoples who maintained their lives in these regions, and most notably, revealed the main principles of the reform and correlational movements that could enable the development of the Muslims in the region in terms of science, politics, and social fields. This work of Abdulaziz Bey can be evaluated as a collection of works and studies that were created to inform both the Ottoman community and the Ottoman State officials about the circumstances of Muslims living in China in line with Islamism and Turkism political views.
Bir Cenaze ve Cülus Töreni Bağlamında İki Osmanlı Sultanı: V. Mehmed ve VI. Mehmed
Bir Cenaze ve Cülus Töreni Bağlamında İki Osmanlı Sultanı: V. Mehmed ve VI. Mehmed
(Two Ottoman Sultans in the Context of a Funeral and Culus (Enthronement) Ceremony: Mehmed V and Mehmed VI)
- Author(s):Senem GÖNENÇ
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Political history, 19th Century, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), The Ottoman Empire
- Page Range:139-162
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Mehmed V; Mehmed VI;
- Summary/Abstract:On 27 April 1909, Sultan Abdulhamid II was dethroned from the Ottoman throne and his brother Reshad Efendi ascended to the throne as “Sultan Mehmed V”. After his nine-year reign, Sultan Mehmed V died after a short illness on 3 July 1918. His successor, his 57-year-old brother, Vahideddin Efendi, ascended to the Ottoman throne as “Sultan Mehmed VI”. Thus, the last and new heir to the throne became Abdulmejid Efendi. In this study, the developments that took place in the reign of Sultan Mehmed V and his death, the events of Sultan Mehmed VI’s accession to the throne and his abdication, and what was written about the Ottoman Sultans Mehmed V, Mehmed VI and Crown Prince Abdulmejid Efendi in the events mentioned was discussed. The main sources of this historical research based on document analysis are the Austro-Hungarian press. As a result of the research, it was seen that Sultan Mehmed V and the new Crown Prince Abdulmejid Efendi were mentioned with positive character traits, and the accession of the new Sultan Mehmed VI to the throne was praised in the newspapers that were the subject of this study. However, after the abolition of the sultanate on 1 November 1922, it was seen that there were no positive opinions about Sultan Mehmed VI, who was dethroned, and he was referred to as a ruler who could not meet the expectations.
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Klasik Çağında Askeri İsyanlar
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Klasik Çağında Askeri İsyanlar
(Military Scores in the Classical Period of Ottoman Empire)
- Author(s):Şehmus Canpolat
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Military history, Modern Age, Government/Political systems, The Ottoman Empire
- Page Range:163-176
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:The Ottoman Empire; Military history; military rebellions; riots;
- Summary/Abstract:In the history of the Ottoman Empire, the term Classical Age is generally used for the period before the declaration of the 1839 Tanzimat Ferman. Undoubtedly, at the beginning of the biggest events faced by the Ottoman Empire in its 623-year historical adventure, which left a great mark on the world history, are the rebellions it experienced. Revolt literally means a revolt against the current administration in our dictionaries, but what kind of military rebellions took place in the Ottoman Empire, one of the largest states the world has ever seen. Were the reasons behind the riots purely political? What was the attitude of the people in the face of these rebellions? Some riots were so effective that they could not bring the people out of the streets and open their shops, which paralyzed daily life. These revolts led to the lives of which sultans. What did the people and the state do? Where were the Janissaries, the first regular army that European history had ever seen, in these rebellions?
Klasik Osmanlı Türkçesine Ait Bir Tıp Kitabı: “Ùıbb-ı KimyÀ´í”
Klasik Osmanlı Türkçesine Ait Bir Tıp Kitabı: “Ùıbb-ı KimyÀ´í”
(A Medical Book Belonging to Classical Ottoman Turkish: "Tibb-i Kimya´i")
- Author(s):Hacı Veli Bişkin
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, 18th Century, The Ottoman Empire
- Page Range:177-189
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Tibb-i Kimya´i; Medical book; Omer b. Sinan el-Izniki;
- Summary/Abstract:Since the existence of humanity, medicine has been a scientific field that has maintained its importance in human life up to the present day. Wherever humans exist, diseases have also become inevitable, and every nation's people have applied the methods that they or their predecessors used to treat and prevent diseases, either by passing them down orally or by reading and implementing written works. At this point, the science of medicine has also been of great importance for Turks and has become a scientific field. Ultimately, they have developed their unique treatment methods in the geographies where they appeared on the historical stage - in the Göktürks, Uyghurs, Seljuks, and Ottoman periods - over centuries. In doing so, they have contributed with many plants, medicines, tools, and disease names. Historical texts are an important bridge from the past to the future for nations, and these works must be examined. Medical texts are also among these historical texts, and they must be examined as well. Because the data obtained from them will also contribute to the culture and literary history of that nation. When we look at the Turkish approach to medical texts, a process that began with the Uyghurs continued with the creation of many works in Anatolia. The work named Tibb-i Kimya´i written by Omer b. Sinan el-Izniki is also one of these sources. The work, which dates back to the 18th century, was written in Classical Ottoman Turkish. In terms of medicine during this period, it was the era when Western medicine and therefore medical terminology began to enter through Arabic and Persian. In the study, while information about the author of the work is given, its content and the author's other works are also evaluated. With the study, another historical medical text from the eighteenth century was introduced, and it aimed to provide a source for scientists and researchers with a work from the Classical Ottoman Turkish period. A comprehensive study to be conducted on the work in the future can reveal its contribution, particularly in terms of plant disease and medicine names, as well as language evaluations.
Tarihî Türkçe Tıp Metinlerinde Kanser Hastalığı ve Tedavi Önerilerine Dair Bir Deneme
Tarihî Türkçe Tıp Metinlerinde Kanser Hastalığı ve Tedavi Önerilerine Dair Bir Deneme
(An Essay on Cancer Disease and Treatment Suggestions in Historical Turkish Medical Texts)
- Author(s):Gülin Öztürk
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, The Ottoman Empire
- Page Range:191-216
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:Historic Turkish Medical Texts; Cancer Disease; mineral treatments;
- Summary/Abstract:Information concerning many disciplines can be found on the subjects of Turkish medical texts. In this direction, the texts are examined in terms of history of medicine, language studies, biology, folklore, place names, measurement names and biographical topics. However, this does not mean that all the topics in the texts are covered. Because there are many other issues that need to be examined regarding these texts. One of these is the subject of cancer and its treatments, which cannot be encountered in literature reviews. In this study, the knowledge about cancer disease and its treatments in the mentioned texts is described. It is hoped that the data to be obtained will contribute to the studies of alternative medicine and their treatment, especially the history of cancer disease. The study is limited to the subject of cancer and two medical texts written in the 17th century. It should be emphasized that the study was not prepared as a treatment recommendation. The study is an overview of the historical development of traditional Turkish medicine in Anatolia; words used for cancer in medical texts; It consists of the understanding of humoral patology theory/ahlat-ı erbaa in the medical texts of the Islamic period, information about the scanned works, analysis and conclusion. In the texts examined, it was seen that there was an explanation that cancer was caused by the burning of the sevda hıltı (a kind of humor in body). Sevda hıltı (the humor of sevda) is one of the four humor and has a cold and dry feature. It has also been stated that cancer (especially seretan) is caused by salt. It was also emphasized that the root of the seretan. In the texts, cancer is expressed with the words seretan, akile, ganzarniya, hora, yinür baş, akile. Seretan is described as a firm and firm swelling, and it is explained that it is usually in the breasts of women. Ganzarniya has been expressed as the type of aqila. Akile, hora and yinür baş are also referred to as non-healing and expanding wounds. It can also occur in the mind, mouth, nose and teeth. It has been seen that diseases and symptoms such as boils, naughty wounds, wounds, nasty and malignant wounds, dryness, mouth sores, rotten flesh are also frequently included in the places where these expressions are used. As understood from the statements about cancer, its type exhibits visible features and is located on the outer part of the body. No information was found about the types of internal cancer. It has been observed that different methods are used in the treatment of cancer. It has been suggested that blood should be taken from the vein of the echel (ekhel) vein, and the patient should have a lot of diarrhea (with cooked a kind of plant (bağboza otu)) in the treatment. In nutrition, it is recommended not to consume foods that contain sevda (a kind of humor) and foods that will stimulate sevda hıltı (a kind of humor). In this direction, eggplant, beef and goat meat should not be eaten and hard foods should be avoided. It has not been explained what the drugs that are emphasized as hard, that is, rude and harsh, are. It has been emphasized that cauterization is very useful in cancer treatment, especially in cancer types with injured and rotten flesh. Etching, according to the text, is beneficial at the onset of cancer. Treatment applications can also be made with mixtures of bandage and special ointments. Besides acid, sugar, stone, there are also herbal, animal, mineral treatments.
Kitab-ı Tercüme-i Tezkire-i Dâvûd Fî İlmüt’t- Tıbb’da Kanser ve Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Tedavi Yolları ile İlgili Öneriler
Kitab-ı Tercüme-i Tezkire-i Dâvûd Fî İlmüt’t- Tıbb’da Kanser ve Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Tedavi Yolları ile İlgili Öneriler
(Recommendations on Cancer and Herbal and Animal Treatment Methods in Kitab-ı Tercüme-i Tezkire-i Dâvûd Fî İlmüt't-Tıbb)
- Author(s):Nevzat Topal
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, 17th Century, 18th Century, The Ottoman Empire
- Page Range:217-229
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Kitab-ı Tercüme-i Tezkire-i Dâvûd Fî İlmüt't-Tıbb; medical book;
- Summary/Abstract:In this study, the cancer disease mentioned in Kitab-ı Tercüme-i Tezkire-i Dâvûd Fî İlmüt't-Tıbb (KTDT) and the recommended treatment methods for the cure of this disease are included. This work is the translation of Dâvûd-ı Antakî's famous medical book into 17th century Turkish. However, the translation includes only the third part of Antakî's translation of his work Teẕkiretü Uli'l-Elbāb ve'l-Cāmiü li'l-Acebi'l-Ucāb, whose meaning is notes to the wise, a compilation of unknowns and oddities. In the third part of the work, drugs, foods, animal products, minerals to be used for treatment are given and explained in Arabic alphabet order. In the work, drugs, their properties, their equivalents to be used in their place, the mixtures to be made from them and their usage patterns, warnings and precautions about the relevant drugs are introduced. In this respect, the work shows an intense quality of pharmacy as well as medicine. However, like all medical texts, it is seen that the work also includes subjects other than medicine and these are discussed. In the scan made in the relevant text, it was noticed that there were also data on cancer, which is one of the important health problems of today. It has been thought that the explanation and description of the treatments related to this should be considered as it is thought that it will contribute to the history of Turkish medicine, especially the history of world medicine. The data obtained need to be evaluated separately by physicians, chemists, biologists and pharmacists from the field of medicine. Therefore, the cancer treatments that will be given here are by no means intended to be a treatment recommendation. It has been tried to describe cancer-related suggestions from the knowledge of a physician who lived and wrote his work in the Ottoman borders only in the 16th century. Of course, it is hoped that the data of the study will contribute to positive sciences by examining whether it will contribute to the treatment of a disease that is feared and deadly for today by those who deal with medical science in the future.