Tarih Alanında Seçme Yazılar - IV
Selected Papers in the Field of History- IV
Contributor(s): Yunus Emre Tansü (Editor)
Subject(s): Media studies, Military history, Political history, Government/Political systems, Comparative politics, School education, History of Education, State/Government and Education, 13th to 14th Centuries, 19th Century, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949)
Published by: Özgür Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
Keywords: History; social sciences;
Summary/Abstract: Kurtuluş Savaşı’nın ardından cephede kazanılan zaferin yeterli olmadığını her fırsatta dile getiren Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, asıl zaferin eğitim ve ekonomik kalkınma ile gerçekleşeceğini her fırsatta dile getirmiştir. Henüz cumhuriyet ilan edilmeden önce 8 Mart 1923 tarihinde Misak-ı Maarif başlıklı bir genelge yayınlayarak, gençlerin bilim, ilim ve ahlak bakımından aydınlatılması, cahilliğin yok edilmesi ve donanımlı gençlerin yetiştirilmesi konularına yer vermiş, milli eğitim ile ilgili önemli hükümler hazırlatmıştır. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında temel hedef cehaletin giderilmesi ve okur yazar oranının artırılması olmuştur. Daha sonra cumhuriyet rejimi kültür harekatının en önemli unsurlarından biri Türk tarihi olmuştur. Çünkü bir milletin oluşumunda etkin olan en önemli kültür öğelerinden biri tarihtir. Bu bağlamda ulusal bilinç oluşturmak, toplumda milli birlik ve beraberliği sağlamak, milli kültür ve tarihi karaktere uygun eğitim önem arz etmektedir. Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde bunun paralelinde Türkiye’de tarih öğrenmek ve öğretmenin önemi daha farklı bir anlam kazanmıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulduktan sonra toplumun, ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda eğitim programları düzenlenmiştir. Tarih eğitimi öğrencilerde ulus bilinci oluşturmak, tarihsel düşünme becerilerini geliştirmek için tarih öğretimi zorunlu kılınmıştır. Tarih öğrenmek toplumlarda manevi kültür değerleri, gelenek ve göreneklerine sahip çıkma sorumluluğu oluşturur. Toplumlar ait olduğu ulusu ve yurdunu daha yakından tanıma imkanına sahip olur. Bu nedenle tüm gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan toplumlarda tarih, vatandaşlık bilinci oluşturma, ulusal bilinç oluşturma amacı ile eğitim öğretim müfredatında yer almaktadır.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-975-447-659-0
- Page Count: 286
- Publication Year: 2023
- Language: Turkish
Bizans İmparatorları Tarafından Bulgar Hükümdarlarına Verilen Unvanlar
Bizans İmparatorları Tarafından Bulgar Hükümdarlarına Verilen Unvanlar
(Titles Given to the Bulgarian Rules by the Byzantine Emperors)
- Author(s):Öner Tolan
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Political history, Government/Political systems, 6th to 12th Centuries
- Page Range:1-24
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Byzantine State; titles; Bulgarians; Bulgarian rulers; emperors;
- Summary/Abstract:The relationship of the Byzantine State with the Bulgarians, had already started when they were in the north of the Black Sea before they came to the Lower Danube region in the last quarter of the 7th century. After the arrival of the Bulgarians in the Northern Balkans, even more intense contacts were established by being a border neighbor. However, this relationship has followed a fluctuating line in the historical process. In this context, the attitude and diplomatic relations of the Byzantine State towards the Bulgarians differed according to the periods in proportion to its political power. While he exhibited an attitude towards destroying his opponent during his strong periods, he sought ways of reconciliation by resorting to diplomacy during his weak periods. While doing this, she often used some diplomatic methods that he generally resorted to in his relations with the communities she defined as “barbarian”. One of these methods finds its expression in the form of giving one of the titles within the Byzantine palace hierarchy to the administrators of the relevant communities. By this means, Byzantium generally aimed to prevent his opponent from taking action against him or to form an alliance against another opponent. He felt the need to give some titles to the Bulgarian rulers he came into contact with for the same purpose. However, these titles differ according to the conditions when they are given and express different hierarchical levels. This study aims to determine the titles given by the Byzantine emperors to the Bulgarian rulers, their meanings and the expectations of the emperors from this practice.
Konstantin Bağışı Sahtekârlığı ve Lorenzo Valla’nın İfşasına Dair
Konstantin Bağışı Sahtekârlığı ve Lorenzo Valla’nın İfşasına Dair
(Concerning the Constantine Donation Fraud and the Disclosure of Lorenzo Valla)
- Author(s):Sayime Durmaz
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Government/Political systems, Politics and religion, 6th to 12th Centuries, History of Religion
- Page Range:25-60
- No. of Pages:36
- Keywords:Lorenzo Valla; Donation of Constantine;
- Summary/Abstract:Donation of Constantine is the most famous and the most important forgery of the Middle Ages. The controversial text of the Donation was used by the papacy for over thousand of years to strengthen its position and power. According to the Vatican, before he died, Constantine made his will that the Roman Church was above all Eastern churches and authorized it with a document. It claims that Donation of Constantine to have been written in the VIIIth century. In January 754 Pope Stephen II went to Paris to seek assistance from King Pepin III to stop the attacks of Lombards. As a result of the agreement reached, in 756 Pepin gave a document providing a legal basis for the establishment of the Papal States, which extended the Pope's temporal sovereignty beyond the Duchy of Rome. This is the first time that the famous forgery came into existence in Rome. Constantine stated in this will that he was supposed to have resigned his crown and the empire into the hands of Pope Sylvester as compensation for having been cured of leprosy by the Pope. In other words, Constantine donated all his political power in the West to the popes. Thanks to the forged will, the papal authority gained a position above all states to be established on Western Roman territory. The Donation became a powerful weapon in the hand of medieval papacy and the basis of papal ideology.The Donation of Constantine was first questioned in the XIth century. Finally, Lorenzo Valla carried out a textual criticism and linguistic analysis of the document and prepared a report that proved indisputably that it was a forgery. This report was to be presented to the ecclesiastical council that held in Florence in 1440. However, Valla's scientific report was hidden from the council and published long after his death.The main purpose of the study is to investigate the Donation of Constantin as a historical document and make some discussion on it.
Trabzon Rum Devleti (1204-1263)
Trabzon Rum Devleti (1204-1263)
(Greek State of Trabzon (1204-1263))
- Author(s):Fatma İnce Sancaklı
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Governance, Political history, Government/Political systems, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:61-70
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Trabzon; 13th century;
- Summary/Abstract:The reason for the start of the crusades carried out between 1095-1291 is the help of the Byzantine State from the west. In this period, the Byzantine State, which was in a difficult situation in the face of the Seljuks on the one hand, the danger of Çaka Bey on the one hand, and the confusion created by the Pechenegs on the other, sought help from the west. Upon this call, the Westerners organized these expeditions in order to help their so-called co-religionists in the east. However, the real intention of the west is not to save its coreligionists in the east, but to seize the riches of the east. Realizing this intention of the crusaders, the Byzantine State also took some precautions against the crusaders from the first time. They caused difficulties in subsistence, they sent them to Anatolia by steep roads thanks to the guides they gave, and they threw them in front of the Turks and did not help them in many matters. All these events led to the formation of prejudice and hatred among the crusaders against the Byzantine State. Here are all these problems between the two sides, IV. It caused the direction of the Crusade to be turned towards the Byzantine State. IV. Before the Crusade started, an agreement was made between the crusaders and the Venetian State. According to this agreement, Venice would prepare a fleet for the crusaders to organize the expedition, and the crusaders would pay 85,000 marks to Venice for this fleet. However, the Venetians could not pay a large part of this money. The problems experienced in the Byzantine throne at this time became a great opportunity to pay the money that the crusaders promised to give to the Venetians, and therefore, deviating from their main goal, they turned towards the Byzantine State. IV. After the Crusade, Istanbul was plundered by the crusaders, the Latin state was established in Istanbul, and states were established in Trabzon, Iznik and the Balkans by the heirs of the Byzantine State. The Greek State of Trabzon, founded by the heirs of the Byzantine throne, Alexios and David, who fled to Trabzon after the occupation of Istanbul by the Latins, is important in this sense. In this paper, the period of the Trabzon Greek State between the years 1204-1263 will be explained.
İkinci Abdülhamid Döneminde Muhalif Bir Gazete: Beberuhi
İkinci Abdülhamid Döneminde Muhalif Bir Gazete: Beberuhi
(A Dissident Newspaper during the Reign of Abdulhamid II: Beberuhi)
- Author(s):Zeynel Özlü, Mustafa Murat Çay
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Media studies, 19th Century, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), The Ottoman Empire
- Page Range:71-88
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Abdulhamid II; newspaper Beberuhi; Ottoman Empire media;
- Summary/Abstract:Beberuhi is an Ottoman satirical newspaper that began its publication in Geneva with its first issue on February 1, 1898. Due to its opposition to the Abdulhamid Administration during that period, like other opposition press outlets, it had to continue its publication outside Istanbul. The satirical newspapers in exile, referred to as “hezeyannâme (delirium)” by the Ottoman government and labeled as “erbâb-ı fesad (mischief-makers)" by its owners, constitute extremely important arguments for researchers to gain insights into the opposition currents and influences of the era. The publication life of Beberuhi in Geneva was relatively short-lived. Beberuhi can be described as one of the rare works of Ottoman humor publications. Like other publications that operated outside Istanbul between 1878 and 1908 due to prevailing conditions, Beberuhi also managed to enter Ottoman territories through clandestine means. The newspaper adopted reflecting the views of the Committee of Union and Progress (İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti) as its main publishing principle. Considering the general character of the newspaper, its attitude summarized by the concept of "disobedience" is understood to be directed not towards the spiritual power and state identity of the Ottoman Empire (Devlet-i Âl-i Osmânî (State-i Âl-i Osmânî)), but directly towards Sultan Abdulhamid II and his actions. In this study, Beberuhi newspaper, which was known for its opposition ideas during the reign of Abdulhamid II and embraced a form of disobedience against the authority of the era, has been examined. Within the scope of the study, only four issues of Beberuhi could be accessed throughout its short publication life. Based on the available issues of the newspaper, namely the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th, the panorama of the Abdulhamid II era is presented from the perspective of an opposition publication.
Avusturya-Macaristan Basınında Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in Tahttan İndirilişi (27 Nisan 1909)
Avusturya-Macaristan Basınında Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in Tahttan İndirilişi (27 Nisan 1909)
(Dethronement of Sultan Abdulhamid II in the Austro-Hungarian Press (27 April 1909))
- Author(s):Senem GÖNENÇ
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Media studies, Political history, Government/Political systems, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), The Ottoman Empire
- Page Range:89-117
- No. of Pages:29
- Keywords:Sultan Abdulhamid II; Austro-Hungarian Press;
- Summary/Abstract:The Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II ascended to the throne as the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire on 31 August 1876, after his elder brother, Sultan Murad V, was dethroned. After 33 years on the throne, he was dethroned on 27 April 1909, after the 31 March Incident. In this study, the dethronement of Sultan Abdulhamid II after the 31 March Incident, the events that followed, and what was mentioned about Sultan Abdulhamid II on this occasion are discussed. The main sources of this historical research based on document analysis are the Austro-Hungarian press. As a result of the research, it was seen that Sultan Abdulhamid II accepted his dethronement with a fatalistic understanding, and in general, the change of throne was considered as a positive event in diplomatic circles. It has been seen that Sultan Abdulhamid II was reflected in the aforementioned news as a despotic ruler and mostly with his negative traits, and his diplomatic skills in interstate relations were mentioned as almost the only positive trait about him.
Kurtuluş Savaşı’nda Büyük Britanya’nın “Türkiye’de Durum, 15 Mart 1920” İsimli İstihbarat Raporu’nun Değerlendirmesi (Harekât Kısmı)
Kurtuluş Savaşı’nda Büyük Britanya’nın “Türkiye’de Durum, 15 Mart 1920” İsimli İstihbarat Raporu’nun Değerlendirmesi (Harekât Kısmı)
(Evaluation of Great Britain’s Intelligence Report Titled “Situation in Turkey, 15 March 1920” in the War of Turkish Independence (Operation Part))
- Author(s):Orhan Özcan
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Military history, Military policy, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:119-155
- No. of Pages:37
- Keywords:War of Turkish Independence; 1920; Great Britain War Office; military occupation of Anatolia;
- Summary/Abstract:The study evaluated the “operational part” of the intelligence report titled The Situation in Turkey 15 March 1920 prepared by the Great Britain War Office. The operations section of the intelligence report included observations on Anatolian geography and Turkish military capabilities in order to eliminate the uncertainties of a possible operation. The report, which also analyses the developments and predictions regarding Turkey and its nearby geography during the National Struggle, provides multifaceted information in terms of understanding Great Britain’s approach to the National Struggle. In the intelligence report, Great Britain analyzed the military aspects of the process leading up to Sevres and stated that the military occupation of Anatolia would not be possible based on various factors.
II. Dünya Savaşında Almanlara Esir Düşen Türkistanlı İdil (Volga)-Ural Lejyonu
II. Dünya Savaşında Almanlara Esir Düşen Türkistanlı İdil (Volga)-Ural Lejyonu
(The Turkestan Idil (Volga)-Ural Lejion Who Was Captured by the Germans During World War II)
- Author(s):Taner Gür
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Military history, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:157-169
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:World War II; Germans; Turkestan Idil; Ural Lejion;
- Summary/Abstract:The Soviets and the Germans, who came to a common decision on the partition of Poland, signed a 10-year non-aggression agreement in August 1939, but this period of peace ended with the sudden attack of the Germans on the Soviets on June 22, 1941. With these sudden attacks, which Russia did not expect, the Nazis made great progress and captured millions of Soviet soldiers, including soldiers of Turkestan origin, towards the end of the year. While the living conditions in the German camps cost the lives of many prisoners, the survivors brought an additional responsibility and cost to the Germans over time. Under the leadership of the German Ministry of the East, various committee studies were carried out with the notables of Turkestan, who sought a solution, and it was decided to form legions of captives that seemed to be beneficial to both sides. The legions formed from Turkestan soldiers later suffered great loss of life in the battles they fought with the Red Army on the Eastern Front and with the allies on other fronts. One of these legions, created under the control of the Germans, was the 'Idil (Volga)-Ural' Legion, mostly Tatar-Bashkir Turks, who had sworn to liberate their occupied lands since the middle of the 16th century. In this context, the formation processes of the Idil-Ural Legion and its political-military activities during the war will be discussed.
Muğla-Bodrum İlçesi’nde Mübadillerin İskânı Meselesi (1923-1930)
Muğla-Bodrum İlçesi’nde Mübadillerin İskânı Meselesi (1923-1930)
(The Issue of Settlement of Population Exchanges in Muğla-Bodrum District (1923-1930))
- Author(s):Bayram Akça
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Social history, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Migration Studies
- Page Range:171-184
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Muğla-Bodrum District; population exchange; migration;
- Summary/Abstract:During the Republican period, the period of migration from the Balkans to Anatolia was the period of population exchange. After the National Struggle ended in victory under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the parties came together in Lausanne. During the negotiations held here, the displacement of the Greeks in Anatolia and the Turks in the Balkans came to the fore, and on this situation, the "Convention and Protocol on the Population Exchange of Turkish and Greek Populations" was signed between Turkey and Greece on January 30, 1923. After this protocol, Turkey established “the Ministry of Population Reconstruction and Settlement” on 13 October 1923 in order to carry out the population exchange in a healthy way. This power of attorney has determined 10 settlement areas in Anatolia for the settlement of the exchanged people. One of them was the 4th Region, which includes İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Afyon and Muğla. In this period, Bodrum District was one of the 6 districts of Muğla Province where the exchanged people would be settled. On January 13, 1924, the Ministry of Exchange, Reconstruction and Settlement established Exchange Reconstruction and Settlement Commissions under the chairmanship of the Governor in each province and the District Governor in each district in order to carry out the exchange in a healthy way. In Bodrum District, a commission consisting of people such as Property Manager, Forestry Manager and Mayor was formed under the chairmanship of District Governor, Enver Bey. One of the most important issues of the Ministry of Exchange, Development and Settlement was the determination of the places where the exchanged people would settle. In this context, places such as Çarşı Neighborhood , Kumbahçe Neighborhood, Atik Neighborhood, Yahşi Village, in Bodrum District were determined as the settlement areas of the exchanged people.
Vatan Cephesi Davası’nda Niğde; Adnan Menderes’e Destek Telgrafları ve CHP’den İstifalar (1958-1960)
Vatan Cephesi Davası’nda Niğde; Adnan Menderes’e Destek Telgrafları ve CHP’den İstifalar (1958-1960)
(Nigde in the Case of the Vatan Front; Support Telegrphes to Adnan Menderes and Requests from CHP (1958-1960))
- Author(s):Tuğba Aldemir
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Local History / Microhistory, Political history, Government/Political systems, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
- Page Range:185-201
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Niğde; Adnan Menderes; CHP;
- Summary/Abstract:After the 1957 General Elections, a policy of confrontation emerged on the ruling and opposition sides depending on the conditions of the period. On the one hand, there was the opposition, which said that the country was being dragged into a dictatorial regime, dissatisfied with the economic situation and the silencing of the press, and on the other hand, there was the government that saw the situation of the CHP, which had decreased its votes and increased its majority in the parliament, and sought a solution to this. While the Opposition Parties were gathering around the "Union of Force" front, Adnan Menderes put forward the idea of "Homeland Front" in a rally he held in Manisa on October 12, 1958 and called on all citizens to gather around their own fronts. The call was announced on the radios soon after, and it was ensured that it resonated all over the country. Following this statement of Adnan Menderes, there were intense transitions to the homeland front from the villages of various towns and sub-districts, mostly in the center and the villages connected to the center, as well as from the organizations of opposition parties such as CHP and MP in Niğde as well as throughout the country. In this article, the establishment phase of the homeland front, which ended with the May 27 coup, and the process that took the DP and its members to the Yassıada Courts are briefly examined. In particular, the telegrams sent to DP Chairman Adnan Menderes from the center, townships and villages of Niğde were examined, and the people who joined the homeland and DP ranks and their numbers were revealed in the light of the archive document. Various books, theses and articles were used for information about the period.
Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası ve Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası Programları Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma
Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası ve Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası Programları Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma
(A Comparison On The Programs of The People's Party And Progressive Republican Party)
- Author(s):Volkan Aksoy
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Political history, Government/Political systems, Comparative politics, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939)
- Page Range:203-225
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:The People's Party; Progressive Republican Party; Mustafa Kemal;
- Summary/Abstract:After the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, the patriots, who did not want to leave the fate of the country to the Allied Powers and minorities under their protection, started their resistance, starting from Western Anatolia. In line with the same goals, the patriots, who went to Samsun under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, united and organized the fires of independence, ensured the liberation of the homeland and established a new national state instead of the Ottoman State. After this stage, Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his friends thought that with the victory of the Battle of Dumlupinar, the duties of the Association for Defence of Rights ended, that the term "Defense of Rights" could no longer express its meaning in the War of Independence, and emphasized that a new name and a new program was needed in the new period. M. Kemal Pasha had the opportunity to explain his goals to the public during his country tours. In the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, on April 1, 1923, it came to the agenda to hold elections and it was accepted to hold a new election. After the election decision was taken in the parliament, on April 8, 1923, M. Kemal Pasha published a declaration as the Head of the Anatolian and Rumelian Defense of Rights Association. Consisting of 9 Umdes, this declaration formed the basis of the People's Party (CHP). On the other hand, it is possible to extend the origins of the Progressive Republican Party (TCF), as the first opposition party of the Republic, to the disagreements that arose within the People's Party after the proclamation of the Republic in October 1923. The proclamation of the Republic when a group of prominent party members was not present in Ankara caused some reactions. The fact that his former colleagues thought that they were pushed back by the relatively new cadres supported by Mustafa Kemal was also influential in the establishment of the new party. Thus, two parties took their place in Turkish political life with two programs. Our aim in this study is to examine and evaluate the principles put forward by both the Republican People's Party and the Progressive Republican Party and the criticisms they mutually brought to their programs.
Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Lise Ders Kitapları’na Göre Lozan Antlaşması
Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Lise Ders Kitapları’na Göre Lozan Antlaşması
(Lausanne Treaty According to the Ministry of National Education High School Texts)
- Author(s):Seher Akça
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:227-257
- No. of Pages:31
- Keywords:Lausanne Treaty; Mustafa Kemal Pasha; Ankara Government; Allied Powers;
- Summary/Abstract:After the Greeks occupied İzmir on May 15, 1919, they started to advance towards Ankara from several directions. The Turkish Nation first tried to stop this progress with the Kuvâ-yı Millîye Organization, but it was unsuccessful. Thereupon, the Turkish Grand National Assembly was opened in Ankara on April 23, 1920. The Turkish Grand National Assembly established a regular army to stop the Greek advance. On the Western Front, the regular army won the First Battle of İnönü on 6-10 January 1921, the Second İnönü Battle on 23-31 March 1921 and battle of Sakarya on 13 September 1921. On August 26, 1922, under the command of Commander-in-Chief Mustafa Kemal Pasha, the Turkish Army launched the Great Offensive from Afyon and reached Izmir on September 9, 1922. Between 3-11 October 1922, The Mudanya Armistice was signed as a result of the negotiations held in Mudanya, a small town on the Marmara Sea. After the Mudanya Armistice, the Ankara Government and the representatives of the Allied Powers gathered for a conference in Lausanne. The Lausanne Peace Treaty was signed between the Ankara Government and the Allied Powers on July 24, 1923. With this treaty, the Ankara Government was officially recognized by the Western States. In this article, how the Treaty of Lausanne was made, what were the solved and unsolved problems in Lausanne, and what were the similarities and differences between the the Turkish Republic History textbooks, prepared for high schools by the Ministry of National Education in the years 1934, 1958, 1973, 1976 and 2000, have been examined in detail.
Türk Tarihindeki İlk Öğretmen Grevinin Meclis-i Mebûsan ve Basındaki Akisleri
Türk Tarihindeki İlk Öğretmen Grevinin Meclis-i Mebûsan ve Basındaki Akisleri
(Reflections of the First Teachers’ Strike in Turkish History on the Mecli̇s-i Mebûsan and the Press)
- Author(s):Onur Çelebi
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Media studies, History of Education, State/Government and Education, 19th Century, The Ottoman Empire
- Page Range:259-276
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:First Teachers’ Strike; Turkey; reaction from the press; Mecli̇s-i Mebûsan;
- Summary/Abstract:The Ottoman State administration, which prioritized the concept of state survival, gave importance to the opening of Western-style higher schools (such as Tıbbiye, Harbiye and Mulkiye) in the 19th century in order to have the manpower trained to adapt to the rules of the age. In the last quarter of the century, İbtida-i Mektepleri (Primary Schools) were added to such schools, although late, in a way that would form the basis of primary education. However, the state authorities did not take the necessary measures to cover all the expenses of these schools. Unlike the other schools opened, it was decided to pay teachers and meet the education expenses of İbtida-i Mektepleri from the provincial budgets through direct and indirect taxes to be collected from the public. However, after the defeat in the First World War and the signing of the Armistice of Mudros, the Ottoman lands began to be occupied, and the revenues of the provincial budgets decreased. The first negative reflections of this situation were the inability to pay the salaries of civil servants and teachers and subsequent strikes. The present study aimed to reveal the reflections of the first teachers' strike in Turkish history on the last Ottoman Assembly and the press. While this was being done, why did the primary school teachers not receive their salaries regularly during the Armistice Period? What was the reflection of the first teacher strike in Turkish history to the public? How did the strike end? The answers to the questions in the format were sought. While preparing the study, the Meclis-i Mebûsan Zabıt Cerides and the periodical publications of the period were taken as the basis, and the study works were also benefited from.
