7th International Scientific Conference EMAN 2023 – Economics &amp; Management: How to Cope with Disrupted Times, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, Ljubljana, Slovenia (hybrid), March 23, 2023

The Impact of the Pandemic on the Innovation Performance of European Countries

The Impact of the Pandemic on the Innovation Performance of European Countries
(The Impact of the Pandemic on the Innovation Performance of European Countries)

Author(s):Julianna Csugany, Tamas Tanczos
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:1-10
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Innovation performance; COVID-19 pandemic; Technological gap; European Innovation Scoreboard
Summary/Abstract:In the last few years, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives and the operation of the whole economy. The technological possibilities in the era of Industry 4.0 were already given, but the spread of digital solutions accelerated due to the pandemic, which was the catalyst of technological progress. The adaptation of new technologies was faster, and the length of the digital transition has been shortened. The impact of the pandemic prevails in both technological leader and follower countries, and because of this, the technological gap between developed and developing countries may decrease. The technological follower countries can converge to leaders mainly in digital infrastructure which is the essential condition of the new technological era but some constraints remain that prevent them from taking advantage of technological progress. This technological revolution requires promoting the use, adoption, and adaptation of new technologies in all countries regardless of the level of technological development. This research aims to analyse the changes in European countries’ innovation performance in the last years when the COVID-19 pandemic prevailed with data from European Innovation Scoreboard. Using simple and multivariate statistical methods, the similarities and differences in technological progress in times of pandemic can be highlighted between the technological leader and follower countries in the European Union.

Business Performance during Crisis: A Case Study of Albania in the Period of COVID-19

Business Performance during Crisis: A Case Study of Albania in the Period of COVID-19
(Business Performance during Crisis: A Case Study of Albania in the Period of COVID-19)

Author(s):Armela Anamali, Bitila Shosha, Romeo Mano
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:11-17
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Albania; Businesses Performance; COVID-19; Working Capital Management; Digitalization
Summary/Abstract:Albanian businesses, similar to global ones, encountered numerous issues in coping with the various challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic manifested. The uncertainties of the moment, as well as those which many see in the long term, reinforced the role that certain aspects of running a business have in their survival and success. According to the studies conducted over the last three years, there was a boom in the financing and technology embraced by businesses to adapt to the situation. The systematic literature review delineates a synopsis of the empirical analysis that various researchers provided as a contribution to overcoming the socio-economic impasse and the prudent management of uncertain future situations. The authors of this paper, given the importance of the factors considered in the study, looked into the approach applied by the “surviving” businesses in Albania to withstand the crisis. In the unfolded results, the scarcity of embracing technology in doing business is still surprising.

Effects of COVID-19 Stringency Measures on Business Indicators in the European Union

Effects of COVID-19 Stringency Measures on Business Indicators in the European Union
(Effects of COVID-19 Stringency Measures on Business Indicators in the European Union)

Author(s):Armin Kovači
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:19-25
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Business indicators; Stringency measures; Business policy
Summary/Abstract:The global pandemic had a big effect on business and the economy overall. Affected by the fear of the spreading virus, many countries implemented stringency measures. These measures additionally affected the level of business activities. The main objective of this study was to research and analyze the business effects of COVID-19 measures at the level of the European Union. Business indicators included business investment rate, the gross profit share of non-financial corporations, assets of non-financial corporations as a percentage of GDP, economic sentiment indicator, production in construction, production in industry, and the volume of retail trade (monthly data, percentage change on previous period). The main indicator used to show the level of stringency measures was the COVID-19 Stringency Index. Results showed a high correlation between stringency measures and business investment rate, assets of non-financial corporations, production in industry, production in construction and volume of retail trade. Some of these results could be under the influence of the European Union’s long-term budget, coupled with NextGenerationEU.

Impacts of GDP per Capita According to PPS and Health Care Expenditure on Basic Indicators in C5 Countries

Impacts of GDP per Capita According to PPS and Health Care Expenditure on Basic Indicators in C5 Countries
(Impacts of GDP per Capita According to PPS and Health Care Expenditure on Basic Indicators in C5 Countries)

Author(s):Jaroslav Škrabal, Jarmila Duhaček Šebestova, Ingrid Majerova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:27-34
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Eurostat; Economies; Indicators; Healthcare expenditure; Correlation analysis
Summary/Abstract:The paper focuses on GDP per capita in PPS (standard purchasing power) in C5 countries (Czech Republic, Austria, Slovenia, Slovakia and Hungary). The basic aggregates in the comparison of the indicator include the density of population, employment per thousand persons, and expenditure on pensions. The period for the given comparison is from 2011 to 2021. Other comparisons of indicators that the authors made in this paper were focused in the context of health care expenditure including years of healthy life, proportion of people 65+, occupational accidents, discharge from hospital, and length of stay. For this comparison, the period of 2014-2020 is taken into account. The data sources for the given paper are data from the Eurostat portal. The paper aims to perform a correlation analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient) of the basic indicators related to GDP per capita according to PPS and healthcare expenditure within the C5 countries.

Comparison of the Evaluation of the European Structural and Investment Funds in Slovakia and the Czech Republic

Comparison of the Evaluation of the European Structural and Investment Funds in Slovakia and the Czech Republic
(Comparison of the Evaluation of the European Structural and Investment Funds in Slovakia and the Czech Republic)

Author(s):Kristina Janoškova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:35-43
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Evaluation; European Structural and Investment Funds; Impacts
Summary/Abstract:The programming period 2014-2020 can be distinguished by the increased emphasis of the European Union on the evaluation of the European Structural and Investment Funds. The main goal of the evaluation is to increase the economic, social, and environmental impact on the lives of inhabitants. In the European Union countries, it is made by central coordination organs and managing organs of operational programs and is realized on national and regional levels. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the evaluation of ESIF in Slovakia and the Czech Republic and find its differences. The major methods used in the paper are the analysis and comparison of the evaluation process in both countries. The realization of the evaluation is based on the main evaluation document - Plan of the Evaluation and it is focused on similar areas.

Foreign Direct Investment – State and Performance

Foreign Direct Investment – State and Performance
(Foreign Direct Investment – State and Performance)

Author(s):Nerma Čolaković Prguda,
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:45-50
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Bosnia and Herzegovina; Institutional framework; FIPA; Tax regulations
Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with foreign direct investments (FDI) with a special focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most of the world’s economies are interested in FDI, especially today in a globalized society. They can generate new jobs, and contribute to the development of new technology, and their special contribution is reflected in the stimulation of economic growth, development and employment. In recent years, Bosnia and Herzegovina made a lot of effort to attract foreign direct investments as one of the important ways to stimulate economic development and solve the problem of unemployment Considerable progress in this field has been achieved by adjusting the legislation and institutional framework. The costs, procedures and time of registration of craft-entrepreneurial activities have been reduced, and various benefits in the field of customs and taxes have been provided, which will be presented in the paper.

Inflation under a Currency Board: The Bulgarian Experience

Inflation under a Currency Board: The Bulgarian Experience
(Inflation under a Currency Board: The Bulgarian Experience)

Author(s):Ivan Todorov, Tsvetomir Tsvetkov
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:51-64
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:Bulgaria; Currency board; Inflation
Summary/Abstract:The objective of this paper is to study inflation in Bulgaria under a currency board. The theoretical fundamentals of inflation are systematized. The empirical investigations on inflation in Bulgaria under a currency board are reviewed. The determinants of inflation in Bulgaria under a currency board are identified. A vector autoregression model is specified to forecast inflation and analyze the efficiency of two macroeconomic instruments (the government’s fiscal reserve and the central bank’s minimum reserve requirements) in managing inflation. The empirical results imply that Bulgaria’s inflation is influenced by its past values and the previous values of oil prices, the Euro area’s inflation and the Bulgarian central bank’s minimum reserve requirements. The only macroeconomic instrument Bulgarian policymakers can use to impact on inflation are the minimum required reserves of commercial banks. Since the minimum reserve requirements lack the dosed effect, the reversibility and the flexibility of other monetary tools, their use is recommended in heavy crises only and when no other options are available.

Is the Fiscalization Process a Sustainable Tool to Reduce the Informal Economy? The Effects and Challenges after the Implementation Compared with the Region Countries

Is the Fiscalization Process a Sustainable Tool to Reduce the Informal Economy? The Effects and Challenges after the Implementation Compared with the Region Countries
(Is the Fiscalization Process a Sustainable Tool to Reduce the Informal Economy? The Effects and Challenges after the Implementation Compared with the Region Countries)

Author(s):Jonada Mamo, Rovena Vangjel
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:65-73
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Fiscalization process; Informality; Region
Summary/Abstract:During the year 2021, the government took measurements for the full implementation of the law no. 87/2019 date 18.12.2019 “On electronic invoice and the turnover monitoring system”. All businesses in Albania experienced a difficult period through staff training and continuous online platform problems of the software etc. Now, one year after the implementation of the law we may see if there is any positive effect on the business’s activities. What about this process in other countries in the region? The questionnaire was created for companies in the cities of Tirana and Durres. The results will show the effort of the tax authority administration to support businesses during this transition phase and if there are still fiscal and technical challenges for both parties after the full process of implementation. We will also analyze if this process has had an impact on the informal economy in Albania.

Opportunistic Behavior and the Impact on Audit Quality in Albania

Opportunistic Behavior and the Impact on Audit Quality in Albania
(Opportunistic Behavior and the Impact on Audit Quality in Albania)

Author(s):Shyquri Llaci, Blanka Hhani
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:75-85
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Turnover intention; Time budget pressure; Client Importance; Personality type; Unethical behavior; Big 4; Audit firms; Auditors
Summary/Abstract:The 21st century has witnessed the bankruptcy of many large corporations because of the opportunistic behavior of management reflected in the financial statement. A realistic review from the board of directors to the internal management can only be carried out with genuine data, which are distributed along with the financial statements. This allows shareholders and other stakeholders to examine the company’s performance and make accurate decisions. All this control is carried out by external auditors who certify the financial statements. Although it is challenging to evaluate an auditor’s job, this paper sought to pinpoint the causes of their opportunistic conduct in this study. The authors examined five variables that could cause opportunistic behavior, including time budget pressure, client importance, personality type and turnover intention, and analyzed their attitude to critical ethical issues in situations they face during their work as external auditors. This research is based on the quantitative primary data. The sampled population is 150 auditors in Tirana, from the 236 certified auditors registered in Albania, until February 2023; also, from the 65 audit firms, only the Big 4 are taken, to gather primary data and regression analysis is used to examine every single one of them. The questionnaire was created based on previous studies and was distributed through a survey in Google Forms, using a hybrid data collection approach. As a primary step, a literature review was conducted regarding the ethical issues of an auditor during the audit of financial statements. The study concludes that time budget pressure, client importance, and personality type were the most important factors for the opportunistic behavior of auditors in Albania, and has found that the impact of the turnover factor is minimal.

Rebalancing Portfolios in Periods of Stress in the Global Economy: Capital Markets vs.WTI, XAU, XAG, XPT

Rebalancing Portfolios in Periods of Stress in the Global Economy: Capital Markets vs.WTI, XAU, XAG, XPT
(Rebalancing Portfolios in Periods of Stress in the Global Economy: Capital Markets vs.WTI, XAU, XAG, XPT)

Author(s):Nicole Horta, Mariana Chambino, Rui Dias
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:87-100
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:Capital markets; Commodities; Financial integration; Portfolio diversification
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to estimate whether portfolio diversification is feasible in the capital markets of the Netherlands (AEX), France (CAC 40), Germany (DAX 30), Canada (FTSE 100), Italy (FTSE MIB), Spain (IBEX 35), Russia (IMOEX), and the commodities oil (WTI), silver (XAG), gold (XAU), and platinum (XPT) from January 1st, 2018, to December 31st, 2022. The goal of this analysis is to answer the following question, namely to know if: i) the 2020 and 2022 events accentuated the integration between capital markets and commodities (WTI), silver (XAG), gold (XAU), and platinum (XPT)? The results show that during the Tranquil period, the markets present 41 integrations (in 110 possible), with the French price index (CAC 40) integrating the most with its peers, with 8 integrations (in 10 possible), while the commodities markets present the lowest integrations, with silver (XAG) presenting the most relevant number of integrations (2 in 10 possible) and platinum (XPT) showing only 1 integration (in 10 possible). Oil (WTI) and gold (XAU) have not integrated with any of their peers during this period of tranquillity. During the period of the 2020 and 2022 events, there were 60 integrations in 110 possible. According to the results and when compared to the previous sub-period, the capital mar¬kets maintained/decreased the same number of integrations with their peers. Silver (XAG) and platinum (XPT) also showed an increase in the number of integrations. XAG exhibited 5 integrations (out of a possible 10), whereas platinum (XPT) had 7 integrations (out of 10 possible). Gold (XAU) was the only commodity that remained completely segmented from both the capital markets and the commodities under consideration. To answer the diversification question, there is evidence that the gold market (XAU) exhibits safe-haven characteristics during the 2020 and 2022 events; these findings are relevant for individual and institutional investors operating in these financial markets.

Interconnections between Clean Energy and Traditional Commodities: Analysis of Energy Fuels, S&P Global Clean Energy Index, and Ishares Global Clean Energy ETF Compared to Oil, Gold, and Natural Gas Prices

Interconnections between Clean Energy and Traditional Commodities: Analysis of Energy Fuels, S&P Global Clean Energy Index, and Ishares Global Clean Energy ETF Compared to Oil, Gold, and Natural Gas Prices
(Interconnections between Clean Energy and Traditional Commodities: Analysis of Energy Fuels, S&P Global Clean Energy Index, and Ishares Global Clean Energy ETF Compared to Oil, Gold, and Natural Gas Prices)

Author(s):Nicole Horta, Mariana Chambino, Rui Dias
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:101-116
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:Clean energy; 2020 and 2022 events; Co-movements; Diversification of portfolios
Summary/Abstract:The study of the changes between the Energy Fuels Index, S&P Global Clean Energy Index, iShares Global Clean Energy ETF, iShares Global Energy (SWX) ETF, as well as the changes in the prices of crude oil (BRENT), gold (DJ), and natural gas (DG) was deemed extremely relevant given the importance and emergence of clean energies in the global landscape, as well as the need to develop more empirical studies, especially confirmative studies on the financial dynamics in these markets. The daily returns under analysis exhibit negative and leptokurtic asymmetry rather than a normal distribution. Comparatively, the pre-crisis linkages between the markets for dirty and clean energy are in favor of global portfolio diversification since those low levels of dependence are appropriate to reduce investor exposure to risk. The crude oil market already exhibited a significant effect on the clean energy markets during the Stress subperiod, particularly on the Clean Energy Fuels Index, the iShares Global Clean Energy ETF, and the iShares Global Clean Energy (SWX) ETF. It should be highlighted that the clean energy markets have also increased their impact on the markets for gold and dirty energy (crude oil and natural gas). The findings point to an increase in comovements between the examined indices and the events of 2020 and 2022. These results decrease the possibility that clean energy markets will serve as a portfolio diversification substitute for the gold and dirty energy markets. For investors and financial analysts who are interested in understanding how the various sectors of the energy market interact, these results may also have consequences. These results can enable a more precise forecast of energy market trends and more informed investment decisions by offering a more detailed knowledge of the link between clean and dirty energy prices.

Investment in Unmanned Aerial Systems in Agriculture and Economic Growth: G(7)

Investment in Unmanned Aerial Systems in Agriculture and Economic Growth: G(7)
(Investment in Unmanned Aerial Systems in Agriculture and Economic Growth: G(7))

Author(s):Vesna Jablanović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:117-122
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Investment in Unmanned Aerial Systems; Agriculture; Economic growth; Chaos
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the economic growth stability in the Group of Seven (G7) (France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, and Canada). Investment in unmanned aerial systems in agriculture can be observed as an important factor of economic growth. The basic aim of this paper is to create a relatively simple chaotic economic growth model. The share of investment that is used for unmanned aerial systems in agriculture is an important factor of economic stability in the Group of Seven ( G7) in the period 1990-2023.

BAT Techniques in Agribusiness through the Prism of Sustainable Development in the Republic of Serbia

BAT Techniques in Agribusiness through the Prism of Sustainable Development in the Republic of Serbia
(BAT Techniques in Agribusiness through the Prism of Sustainable Development in the Republic of Serbia)

Author(s):Milena Milojević, Suzana Knežević, Jelena Ignjatović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:123-128
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:BAT; Techniques; Agribusiness; Sustainable development; Serbia
Summary/Abstract:Today’s climatic, ecological, and social challenges impose pressure on decision-makers to provide systemic solutions in all areas of business, including agribusiness. The changes that take place within the domestic regulatory framework need to be harmonized with the international legal framework of the sustainable development of the European Union. This will directly affect new solutions for achieving the goals of sustainable development. Modern livestock farms imply the use of modern agricultural mechanization following BAT techniques. The application of the principles of BAT techniques should be included in all stages of the production process on the farm. This includes planning, operation, maintenance as well and closing the farm according to acceptable technical and economic conditions, all to achieve the highest possible level of environmental protection. This work aims to point out the importance of BAT techniques in agribusiness through the prism of sustainable development in the Republic of Serbia. The first part of the paper analyzes the impact of global trends on agribusiness in Serbia. The second part indicates the importance of applying BAT techniques for sustainable development, while the third part of the paper examines the possibility of applying BAT techniques from the aspect of animal husbandry.

A European Perspective on Engaging and Supporting Civil Society Organisations in Local Territorial Development

A European Perspective on Engaging and Supporting Civil Society Organisations in Local Territorial Development
(A European Perspective on Engaging and Supporting Civil Society Organisations in Local Territorial Development)

Author(s):George Mihael Manea
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:129-139
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Roadmap; Agriculture; Governance; Capacity Building; Sustainable Development Goals
Summary/Abstract:In an inter-connected world, having strong interdependencies, the transfer of know-how represents a blueprint for development. In a transition from global to local, in order to stimulate the challenges of local development, it is paramount to understand how to act, to connect civil society with local authorities, and to create a dynamic and multi-stakeholder dialogue. Development at the local level could lead to a more engaged civil society and more predictable governance from the local authorities; for example, developing a comprehensive set of policies could contribute to a food-secure population, but also tackle issues related to transparency and accountability. The practical experience of the author in Gabon and Sao Tome and Principe will bring an innovative and original approach to complement the existing literature with the reality of the project cycle on the ground, in two specific areas such as agriculture and good governance.

Significance of Financial Valuation of Brands in Agribusiness in Serbia

Significance of Financial Valuation of Brands in Agribusiness in Serbia
(Significance of Financial Valuation of Brands in Agribusiness in Serbia)

Author(s):Jelena Ignjatović, Ivana Vladimirović, Borislav Kolarić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:141-147
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Financial valuation; Brand; Agribusiness; Serbia
Summary/Abstract:Agricultural production represents a significant financial and economic value of the Serbian economy. Today’s food crisis has shown the importance of agribusiness for the economic development of both, countries in transition and Serbia. Therefore, modern management approaches, in the sphere of agribusiness, are gaining more and more importance. A large number of agricultural enterprises in Serbia derive part of their value from the strength of the brand they produce. That is why agricultural managers strive to increase the value of the company, through increasing the value of the brand. As the modern economy bases value on the customer, it is important to look at and determine the parameters of the company’s value, through brand valuation. There are numerous examples of branded agricultural and food products in Serbia. These are traditional products, with a quality mark, made from high-quality domestic raw materials, according to a unique recipe and technological procedure. Such products usually have a mark of geographical origin and have recognizable characteristics. It adds value, that is realized, by selling on the market. In Serbia, the most common brands are the following products: meat, cheeses, wines, beers, water, honey and many other products obtained by processing domestic fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to determine the importance of the financial valuation of the brand in agribusiness in Serbia. In this paper, research was conducted based on data analysis through the synthesis of theoretical and empirical facts. From the methodological side, the work is based on the desk method of research, which covers synthesis, analysis, deduction and induction, but also methods of description of published scientific works, texts and documents related to brand valuation in agribusiness. In addition, the collected data were systematized. After the introduction, the paper primarily discussed the importance of product branding. The importance of the financial valuation of the brand in Serbia was analyzed with a focus on its financial effects, as well as the importance of product branding in Serbian agribusiness. At the end, a conclusion is given.

Management of Land Consolidation Projects

Management of Land Consolidation Projects
(Management of Land Consolidation Projects)

Author(s):Žarko Nestorović, Milan Trifković, Miroslav Kuburić, Bogdan Bojović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:149-153
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Environment; Decision making; Leader; Manager
Summary/Abstract:Land consolidation (LC) is a complex process conducted to rearrange the land property, or more precisely, rearranging the parcel shape and position including optimization of roads and irrigation systems. LC includes a lot of activities provided in a very sensitive and unpredictable environment because it deals with land property and land owners (farmers) who could behave in concordance with their perception of land property value and their value system. Bearing in mind the long period of land consolidation projects, the land owners could change their initial opinion formed at the beginning of land consolidation projects’ realization. All these facts additionally increase the complexity of the land consolidation process. The lack of literature in the domain of leadership and management during the land consolidation process inspired authors to open discussion about that issue.

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Land Consolidation Projects Ranking

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Land Consolidation Projects Ranking
(Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Land Consolidation Projects Ranking)

Author(s):Goran Marinković, Žarko Nestorović, Zoran Ilić, Marko Božić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:155-158
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Competing projects; Budgeting; Projects ranking; Complex process
Summary/Abstract:Land consolidation as a power tool for land management is a resource-demanded process that requires sensitive decision-making from the beginning of the process to its finish. The beginning of the process of land consolidation starts with the decision of how to distribute the limited resources on competing projects of land consolidation. Since its numerous benefits and the natural process of land property fragmentation land consolidation should be provided permanently but it is not possible because of limited resources including finance. This implies that decision-making about the distribution of a limited budget on competing projects (or which project should be realized) is the first decision-making before starting with land consolidation project realization. This is not an easy decision because land consolidation is long long-lasting projects and resources captured for the realization of one project could not be utilized for another one. In this paper, multi-criteria decision-making is discussed as a model for decision-making about the ranking of land consolidation projects.

Analysis of the Number of People Employed in Research and Development in the Countries of the European Union in the Period 2011 – 2020

Analysis of the Number of People Employed in Research and Development in the Countries of the European Union in the Period 2011 – 2020
(Analysis of the Number of People Employed in Research and Development in the Countries of the European Union in the Period 2011 – 2020)

Author(s):Ľubica Hurbánková
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:159-164
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Number of people employed; Contribution method; Suslov´s structural similarity coefficient; Countries of the European Union
Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the analysis of the number of people employed in research and development. The aim is to find out how R&D employment is doing in EU countries and what changes have occurred between 2011 and 2020. We will specifically analyze the number of scientific employees using the FTE (full-time equivalent) indicator. In recent years, the number of researchers in the European Union has increased – in 2011 there were 1.38 million (full-time equivalent), in 2020 their number grew to 1.89 million, which is an increase of 36.96%. In Greece and Hungary, the number of researchers almost doubled during the observation period. Using the contribution method, we found that the highest increase in researchers in 2020 compared to 2011 was in Poland, 94.28% and the lowest was in Finland, 4.26%. Germany had the largest share in the total number of researchers in 2011 (24.62%), which contributed with the highest share, 8.23%, to the total increase (37.59%). The value of Suslov´s structural similarity coefficient (0.0045) confirmed that the changes in the structure were minimal and the structure of the number of researchers in each EU country differed only slightly in 2011 and 2020.

Quality of Employment: Statistical Review on Safety and Ethics at Work in Serbia

Quality of Employment: Statistical Review on Safety and Ethics at Work in Serbia
(Quality of Employment: Statistical Review on Safety and Ethics at Work in Serbia)

Author(s):Koviljka Banjević, Dragana Gardašević
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:165-175
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Physical health; Mental health; Pay gap; Equal opportunities; Discrimination
Summary/Abstract:Quality of employment is a multidimensional concept with multiple importance. Its meaning and components may be varied and depend on an evaluator. The literature abounds with examples of different indicators for measuring the quality of employment, but the authors use the indicators developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe for this paper. The authors` main idea is to investigate all indicators of quality of employment, but the study would be large in scope. Regarding the previous, in this paper focus is on the indicators of one dimension – Safety and ethics at work. Data were collected from national and European sources, and by applying descriptive statistics actual situation in Serbia is systematically presented. Obtained data could be interesting for employees, employers, and individuals, as well as for present and future research.

Selected Aspects of Education Transformation

Selected Aspects of Education Transformation
(Selected Aspects of Education Transformation)

Author(s):Vojtech Kollar, Silvia Matušova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:177-187
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Education transformation; Education management; Competency; Digitization of education; Innovation
Summary/Abstract:The paper aims to point out the requirements for quality increase in higher education, in terms of a concentrated and effective connection between higher education and practice, and the transformation of education harmonized with the requirements of the economic and social environment. The biggest challenge in the transformation of education is brought about by the combination of educational technologies and teaching methods with well-equipped digital learning materials and tools that help the student in autonomous learning, the development of communication, cooperation, and leadership in group projects, in the use of highly interactive online learning tools and the use of communication on the social media platform. The transformation of education is a principal breakthrough in the formation of new universal competencies for the 21st century. The new vision of education transformation at universities requires a new set of foundational literacies, competencies, and character qualities.

Comparison of Selected Indicators of Higher Education Financing in Slovakia in Disruptive Times

Comparison of Selected Indicators of Higher Education Financing in Slovakia in Disruptive Times
(Comparison of Selected Indicators of Higher Education Financing in Slovakia in Disruptive Times)

Author(s):DANA ORSZÁGHOVÁ, Maria Farkašova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:189-196
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Higher education financing; University; Average wage; Time series analysis
Summary/Abstract:Universities are scientific-pedagogical institutions where teaching and research take place, and outputs of tertiary education are qualified graduates for the needs of social practice in the labour market. In Slovakia, the subsidy for wages and insurance premiums is the largest part of the financial subsidy provided from the state budget for universities, which is earmarked. Since 2011, this subsidy has been derived from the performance of a specific university, which is quantitatively expressed based on the number of students, the implemented teaching and outputs of publication and project activities. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the development of selected indicators in the context of the financing of higher education institutions in Slovakia. Research data were collected from various sources; data available in the DataCube database and from the schedules of subsidies of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic for universities. Data on universities, their financing and university teachers’ salary conditions were evaluated using methods of time series analysis with the prediction of development in the future. Findings indicated changes associated with the efficiency in the utilization of monetary assets at universities. Analyses also include current years, which are referred to as disruptive times and are characterized by global economic problems.

Students Return after COVID-19 Crisis

Students Return after COVID-19 Crisis
(Students Return after COVID-19 Crisis)

Author(s):Man Carmen Mihaela, Slave Camelia
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:197-201
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Pandemic; Crisis; University; Students
Summary/Abstract:The pandemic caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus led to social distancing measures in this context, universities temporarily closed in Romania and most states of the world. The educational process has moved to the online environment, taking place through online platforms. According to General Comment No. 13 of the Committee for Economic, Social and Civil Rights 140, education is characterized by four elements in an interdependent relationship, namely availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability. Thus, the state must provide institutions and educational programs, which provide libraries and digital facilities, accessible to students. The accessibility of educational institutions refers to three aspects: non-discrimination, accessibility from a geographical point of view, and accessibility from an economic point of view, which implies that education does not involve too high costs. Acceptability concerns aspects related to the form and content of education, from teaching methods to the curriculum, and adaptability represents how the educational process can adapt to the needs of changing societies.

Application of the Internet in Teaching about the Environment

Application of the Internet in Teaching about the Environment
(Application of the Internet in Teaching about the Environment)

Author(s):Jasmina Kurpejović, Ibro Skenderović, Suada Aljković Kadrić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:203-211
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Computer; Internet; Children; Environment; Research approach
Summary/Abstract:The usage of the internet is increasing very fast and it is expected that it will continue to grow as it becomes a common means of everyday life. This paper deals with questions such as how much time and for what purposes children use the internet and digital technology, as well as how much it is used for educational purposes. It seems that children spend less and less time outside, in parks and playgrounds. There are pros and cons to everything, so using media and the internet in the right way can make our lives a lot easier as there are many good sides to it. Losing control over the internet and media usage can bring us into the vicious circle of negative circumstances of contemporary technology. This is why it is very important to monitor children’s activity on the internet but at the same time to keep up with contemporary technology development.

People with Schizophrenia Out of Social Isolation: A Didactic Perspective to Increase the New Well-Being

People with Schizophrenia Out of Social Isolation: A Didactic Perspective to Increase the New Well-Being
(People with Schizophrenia Out of Social Isolation: A Didactic Perspective to Increase the New Well-Being)

Author(s):Barbara Galbusera
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:213-219
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Schizophrenia; Education; COVID-19; Inclusion; Well-being
Summary/Abstract:The outcome of this pedagogical interview conducted in a Day Care Service found that the pandemic from COVID-19 favored in a group of schizophrenia people social isolation, a flattening of interests, and an increase in additional anxiolytic drug therapy. Thanks to an educational activity carried out with a group of patients who showed before the pandemic period a common interest in watching films, an educational path has been structured that, after six months, allowed them to decrease the need for anxiolytic therapy, resume old hobbies, going out of home and rekindle relationships in the context of belonging. The positive results of this experience underline how, in the treatment paths, it is important to encourage educational interventions to allow patients with schizophrenia to improve their self-being in the world (also reducing the need for support from national health service professionals to access the living environment) and to become an active member of the community.

Consequences of the Pandemic COVID-19 on Transport and Tourism

Consequences of the Pandemic COVID-19 on Transport and Tourism
(Consequences of the Pandemic COVID-19 on Transport and Tourism)

Author(s):Marija Lakićević, Danijela Pantović, Milica Žarevac Bošković
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:221-228
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:COVID-19 pandemic; Transport; Tourism; Economic consequences; New forms of tourism
Summary/Abstract:The global economic crisis was caused by the COVID-19 virus, the beginnings of which date back to December 2019. Is not an ordinary crisis, but belongs to the phenomenon that can only be compared to the crisis of 1929. Transport and tourism are among the economic sectors that were most affected by this crisis due to the quarantine measures that were present in all countries of the world. The complete lockdown caused by the COVID-19 virus prevented the movement of people and goods and thus completely prevented the functioning of traffic and tourism. The impossibility of traffic and tourism around the world contributed to a significant decrease in the income of these economic branches, as well as the gross social product at the national and global levels. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly encouraged the development of new forms of tourism as well as the expansion of rural tourism, eco-tourism, and wellness. The final consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on transport and tourism will only be seen in the coming years.

Support for Tourism Development in the Balkan Region after the Pandemic

Support for Tourism Development in the Balkan Region after the Pandemic
(Support for Tourism Development in the Balkan Region after the Pandemic)

Author(s):Teodora Rizova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:229-235
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:COVID-19 pandemic; Transport; Tourism; Economic consequences; New forms of tourism
Summary/Abstract:The article analyses tourism peculiarities of the Balkan region in Europe and the untapped potential for the development of specialised types and forms of tourism. There are measures suggested to support the tourism sector in the modern post-COVID conditions. The support of the new approaches to the management of tourism activity in the EU has been envisaged for the 2021 – 2027 programming period through the implementation of a total of 11 programmes varying in their orientation, ultimately related to carrying out better and more adequate tourism management. The main strategic directions in supporting the tourism business in the Balkans are outlined.

The Positive Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism: A Case Study of the Ribnica Destination

The Positive Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism: A Case Study of the Ribnica Destination
(The Positive Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism: A Case Study of the Ribnica Destination)

Author(s):Gašper Krže, Anton Vorina
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:237-242
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:COVID–19 pandemics; Ribnica; Tourism
Summary/Abstract:Our analysis aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry, with a focus on smaller and less well-known destinations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the world came to a near standstill, and the tourism industry suffered its most significant decline in history. Despite this, there remained a desire for some forms of tourism, and many well-known tourist destinations had already adapted or integrated new routes for visitors even before the pandemic. However, smaller and less well-known destinations were unable to do so due to a lack of funds. In light of these challenges, Ribnica has taken proactive steps to adapt to the pandemic and implement positive methods to support its tourism industry. During the pandemic, Ribnica developed a new tourism strategy, updated its tourist image, and introduced new products to attract visitors. Additionally, Ribnica has integrated tourism best practices to maintain the safety of visitors and locals during the pandemic. It is worth noting that while Ribnica’s efforts have been successful in attracting visitors during a challenging time for the tourism industry, the pandemic has had an overwhelmingly negative impact on travel destinations worldwide. Thus, it is essential to continue implementing positive strategies and best practices to support the recovery and growth of the tourism industry.

Natural Tourism Resources in Gabrovo District (Bulgaria)

Natural Tourism Resources in Gabrovo District (Bulgaria)
(Natural Tourism Resources in Gabrovo District (Bulgaria))

Author(s):Vanya Vasileva, Dora Kabakchieva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:243-248
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Sustainable development; Protected territories; Valorization
Summary/Abstract:Stara planina tourist area covers the central part of the country, along the mountain with the same name. It includes 32 municipalities from 10 districts. Gabrovo district is the only one that falls entirely within Stara planina tourist region. Stara Planina tourist region is one of the most attractive regions for tourism in Bulgaria and one of the few that have almost yearround tourist activities. The outline of the area includes the mountain of the same name, but also the Pre-Balkan. This fact predetermines the exceptional richness and diversity of natural tourist resources. The region specializes mainly in mountain tourism, including recreation, mountain trekking, rural and ecotourism. There is an urgent need to identify and evaluate the prospects for sustainable development of tourism in the region. The purpose of the present study is to valorize the natural tourist resources of Gabrovo district and to provide guidelines for their sustainable use.

Sustainable Tourism Actions from the National to the Local Level

Sustainable Tourism Actions from the National to the Local Level
(Sustainable Tourism Actions from the National to the Local Level)

Author(s):Eva Erdelyi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:249-256
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Tourism development policy; Case study; Hungary; Hortobágy
Summary/Abstract:Areas rich in natural resources make up most of their tourism attractiveness for visitors. The environmental aspect of Sustainability is essential when it comes to natural tourism attractions. Sustainability theory is comprised of a very broad framework that includes economic, environmental, and socio-cultural issues. following the “think globally – act locally” strategic argument. Real actions and change begin with each country and each community adapting their practices and setting up appropriate policies to regulate touristic activity. The present study sets out to describe the Tourism Development Policy of Hungary on the national, and local governance level, analyze its sustainability, and apply a case study method of qualitative and interpretative nature. A high impact of the local-level management of tourism attractions is observed in a given example of the World Heritage Site Hortobágy National Park, representing the final sustainability outcomes of the selected area.

Emergence of Wine Destinations and Wine Products: For a Few Wine Experiences More

Emergence of Wine Destinations and Wine Products: For a Few Wine Experiences More
(Emergence of Wine Destinations and Wine Products: For a Few Wine Experiences More)

Author(s):Patrik Kubát
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:257-261
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Destination attributes; Wine tourism; Development; Winescape
Summary/Abstract:Wine destinations appeared as places where anyone can come to enjoy nature, food, cultural habits, food, and wine, whether they consume it or not. The intersection and combination of two different sectors (viticulture and tourism) became a new type of tourism and a new marketing tool to attract tourists, consumers, and customers to wine destinations as places of new experiences. Similarly, Sergio Leone had no idea of the story of the sequel to his famous Spaghetti Western. Just as wine destinations had no idea of the possible interconnection of different sectors and how this development would evolve. Was that development intended or was it made more spontaneously by actors on the side of supply and participants on the side of demand, or cooperation of both as prosumers? In retrospect, this development can be evaluated as natural, as evidenced by the continued interest in this phenomenon. The article is a kind of contemplation and discusses the emergence and development of wine destinations from a regional, national, and international perspective in the context of wine tourism. The method of synthesis is used to capture the connection of parts to a whole. The whole in this case is a wine destination composed of various attributes (as a destination), activities (as a product and services), people (as a place to work), and values (as a catalyst for emotions and experiences). The so-called research from the table includes both the theoretical controversy and a look at the current wine tourism and wine destinations from a different angle in the field of marketing, management, or sustainability.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtual Travel

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtual Travel
(The Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtual Travel)

Author(s):Anton Vorina, Gašper Krže
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:263-269
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Travel; Virtual travel; 3D virtual reality; Tourism; Sustainability
Summary/Abstract:This article explores the concept of virtual tourism and addresses four key questions: What is virtual travel? Can virtual travel replace real travel? What are the benefits of virtual travel? And what is the future of virtual travel? Virtual travel has been around in various forms since the 1850s when pictorial materials such as postcards were used to invite people to a destination. Today, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of virtual reality technologies that attempt to replicate the tourist experience. However, while virtual tourism offers a sustainable alternative to traditional travel, it cannot provide a full sensory experience. Despite predictions that the virtual tourism sector will grow to $19 trillion by 2027, it is unlikely to replace real travel entirely. Nevertheless, virtual tourism has significant potential benefits, including a 94% reduction in carbon footprint, increased advertising opportunities, and improved accessibility for people with mobility impairments.

The Use of GIS Technologies in the Monitoring Grapevine Plantation

The Use of GIS Technologies in the Monitoring Grapevine Plantation
(The Use of GIS Technologies in the Monitoring Grapevine Plantation)

Author(s):Slave Camelia, Man Carmen Mihaela
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:271-276
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Agriculture; Management; Wine; Plantation; Precision
Summary/Abstract:Precision agriculture represents a management approach for the entire agricultural area of a county, in this case, Ialomita county. Precision agriculture uses geographic information technology, positioning satellite data (GNSS), remote sensing and proximal collection of data. Precision agriculture is an agricultural management concept based on the observation, measurement and control of crops. Another term used to describe precision agriculture is the term crop management. Precision agriculture uses information technology to ensure that the soil and crops receive exactly what they need in the quantities required for health and productivity over time. Also, this ensures profitability, sustainability and protection of the environment, which is why it presents only benefits. In the near future using information technologies will play an increasingly important role in agricultural production and resource management.

Food Waste on Restaurant – A Circular Economy Approach

Food Waste on Restaurant – A Circular Economy Approach
(Food Waste on Restaurant – A Circular Economy Approach)

Author(s):Jelena Jevtić, Mirjana Antonijević Nikolić, Dragana Ilić Udovičić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:277-284
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Food waste; Management; Restaurant; Circular economy
Summary/Abstract:Food waste is a serious environmental and economic problem. Some studies suggest that about 1/3 of the food produced for human consumption is wasted, amounting to about 1.3 billion tons per year. Considering the economic aspect, food waste means money losses, both for individual units and national economies. The circular economy is a general term that encompasses all activities that reduce, reuse, and recycle materials in the processes of production, distribution, and consumption. Organic components of food waste are of interest for further use because they contain large quantities of highly valuable molecules. This paper aimed to show that food waste from restaurants represents a resource that can be incorporated into other processes, which are the basic principles of the circular economy. Food waste in catering is caused by inadequate procedures, poor organization, or insufficiently trained workers, as well as specific and changing consumer demands. The circular economy model strives to return food as much as possible to the production chain and considers waste as a resource and raw material. Some possibilities are presented in this paper.

“Starry” Gastronomy. Michelin Stars

“Starry” Gastronomy. Michelin Stars
(“Starry” Gastronomy. Michelin Stars)

Author(s):Man Carmen Mihaela, Slave Camelia
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:285-289
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Classification; Food; Gastronomy; Guide; Restaurants
Summary/Abstract:Just like the Grammy Awards for music, the restaurant industry also has a star of recognition and that is the Michelin star. The dream of any chef is not necessarily to cook the best food but to have it appreciated by as many people as possible. And the appreciation doesn’t come anyway but through a really special distinction: one star, two... or even three. We are, of course, talking about the famous Michelin stars which distinguish the best restaurants in the world. But how many know the story of the Michelin Guide, this Oscar of restaurants, and how it came to be made by a tire manufacturer?

The Success of the Informed Consent in the Context of the Negotiations

The Success of the Informed Consent in the Context of the Negotiations
(The Success of the Informed Consent in the Context of the Negotiations)

Author(s):Lyubov Ivanova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:291-297
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Informed consent; Information; Communication; Business negotiation
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the paper is to highlight the utmost importance of informed consent in the context of business negotiations. Informed consent is a new topic in business, imposed by globalization that began in the 1990s. Informed consent is found in all spheres of economy and public life. Informed consent is important in the field of medicine to obtain the patient's approval for a procedure that affects his life. For the client of the bank, this means getting to know all the conditions for raising a loan or depositing funds before the client signs the contract. Informed consent is giving consent to use the mobile operator's services most conveniently and acceptably for the client. In the field of tourism, this type of consent means the willingness to sign a contract on the consumption of proposed tourist services before their implementation. In all of the above situations, informed consent means that one party enters into a negotiation relationship with another, verbally or in writing, and gives permission to the other to use their data to obtain a certain type of service, in exchange for which the service provider undertakes to comply with certain ethical principles concerning the client or recipient and respect for his identity, without the right to export information. The paper discusses the key components in the negotiation process, on which the effective finalization of the set goal depends, namely discussion, conflict, communication techniques as the main element in negotiations, the influence of the physical space, compliance with ethical principles and respect for multiculturalism.

Climate Change Legal Setup, EU Acquis, Implementation and Interaction with Water, Environment, and Cross-Cutting Sectors in Albania

Climate Change Legal Setup, EU Acquis, Implementation and Interaction with Water, Environment, and Cross-Cutting Sectors in Albania
(Climate Change Legal Setup, EU Acquis, Implementation and Interaction with Water, Environment, and Cross-Cutting Sectors in Albania)

Author(s):Erjola Keci
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:299-310
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Climate Change; Implementation of the EU acquis; Paris Agreement; EU Regulations
Summary/Abstract:The paper represents a detailed overview and analysis of the national legal setting and related requirements to fully align national climate change legislation with the respective EU legislation in Albania; the paper is focused mainly on the climate change legal setup and policy and its interaction with water and environment management process, as well as energy, agriculture, urban and economic development in Albania. This assessment aims to identify the findings, gaps, and possible future steps to improve water and environment resources management and their sustainable use in the country. Although Albania’s national climate policy, which establishes a comprehensive legal and inter-institutional framework for climate action at the national level and the endorsement of the National Climate Change Strategy, the country still needs further efforts and concrete actions to transpose, fully align and enforce the EU legislation and regulations related to climate change and contribute to mitigation of its effects in water, environment and other related sectors.

Nove informacijske tehnologije za podršku razvoju kružne ekonomije u okviru Industrije 5.0

Nove informacijske tehnologije za podršku razvoju kružne ekonomije u okviru Industrije 5.0
(New Information Technologies to Support the Development of the Circular Economy in the Framework of Industry 5.0)

Author(s):Sandra Lovrenčić, Iva Gregurec
Language:Croatian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:311-321
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:Artificial intelligence; Circular economy; Industry 5.0; Sustainability
Summary/Abstract:The need to preserve resources for future generations initiated the concept of Industry 5.0, and as part of it, the circular economy was emphasized as one of the key elements of achieving sustainability. Industry 4.0 emphasizes digitization and artificial intelligence technologies, while Industry 5.0 focuses on human-centered business, sustainability and resilience. However, the role of information technology in achieving these goals is indisputable, as support for the change that is necessary in the business models of organizations. The paper examines the role of new information technologies in realizing the circular economy, with a focus on the role of artificial intelligence. The main directions of research related to information technology and the circular economy were analyzed and the most important areas of artificial intelligence that could benefit the development of the circular economy were identified. Also, how artificial intelligence can support the change in organizations towards a circular economy, ensuring sustainability within the development of Industry 5.0, is discussed.

Konvergira li državna potrošnja na zdravstvo u EU?

Konvergira li državna potrošnja na zdravstvo u EU?
(Is There Convergence in Government Expenditures on Health in the EU?)

Author(s):Paola Macanović, Lena Malešević Perović
Language:Croatian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:323-329
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Government expenditures on health; Convergence; EU
Summary/Abstract:This paper empirically assesses the existence of convergence of government expenditures on health among EU countries. Economic integration and market unification within the European Union encourage convergence in incomes, which raises the question of the existence of convergence of some other variables related to income, such as government expenditures on health. This paper, therefore, tests the (beta) convergence of this type of spending within the EU, during the period 2005-2019. The results of empirical testing confirm the existence of convergence in healthcare expenditures per inhabitant, and in GDP, in the observed period.

Uticaj personalnih novčanih doznaka na poboljšanje socijalnog stanja stanovništva i privrede zemalja primalaca

Uticaj personalnih novčanih doznaka na poboljšanje socijalnog stanja stanovništva i privrede zemalja primalaca
(The Influence of Personal Money Remittances on the Improvement of the Social Condition of the Population and the Economy of the Recipient Countries)

Author(s):Rade Kovač, Namik Čolaković
Language:Bosnian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:331-340
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Remittances; Emigration; Poverty; Transformation of local communities; Economic reasons for emigration
Summary/Abstract:Remittances are a new financial phenomenon and one of the important sources of income for low- and middle-income countries. Although individual remittances are of relatively small value, they collectively represent enormous value, as collectively these flows are three times larger than global official development assistance. Although they are most often used to cover the basic needs of households, at the same time they support the development of skills and opportunities through education and entrepreneurship in some households, and these resources have proven to be crucial for the transformation of local communities, as they enable many families to achieve their own sustainable development goals. The countries of Southeast Europe have been facing large rates of emigration for years, and this has turned into a continuous process, the main cause of which is economic. Although emigration in the long-term context has negative repercussions, because in the long-term it reduces the potential growth rate of GDP and total factor productivity, and the pension and health fund collapses, there are also some positive effects, of a short-term nature, where the receipt of personal remittances stands out in particular. It was remittances that partly contributed to the reduction of the poverty rate, but also amortized the unfavorable effects of foreign trade exchange.

Demografska struktura Europske Unije

Demografska struktura Europske Unije
(Demographic Structure of the European Union)

Author(s):Sandra Mrvica Mađarac, Svetlana Šibila, Lana Gubić Kučan
Language:Croatian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:341-345
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:European Union; Demographic structure; Eurostat
Summary/Abstract:The European Union consists of 27 European countries, and its goal is the integration and single market of the European continent. The demographic structure affects the economic condition of a state, and the economic condition of the state also affects demographic trends as a cause and effect. The aging of the population is an effect in developed societies, and it arose as a result of various factors (health and social protection, reduced fertility rates, urbanization, industrialization). Despite the decrease in natural growth within the European Union and the aging of the population, the EU is experiencing constant population growth due to a positive migration balance. The age-sex structure is important for the economic development of a country and the development of its population because it results from the balancing of the male and female population, which is important for the reproduction of the population and from which the working-age population is formed. This paper presents and analyzes data from Eurostat on the demographic structure of the population of the European Union: age composition, gender composition, natural demographic factors, educational structure of the population.

Uvođenje eura 2023. godine i mogući utjecaji na turizam u Republici Hrvatskoj

Uvođenje eura 2023. godine i mogući utjecaji na turizam u Republici Hrvatskoj
(Introduction of the Euro in 2023 and Possible Effects on Tourism in the Republic of Croatia)

Author(s):Elvis Mujačević, Zrinka Martić
Language:Croatian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:347-360
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:European Union; Euro; European exchange rate mechanism; Maastricht criteria; Euroization; Positive consequences; Negative consequences; Perception of citizens; Tourism
Summary/Abstract:On July 1, 2013, Croatia became a member of the European Union and thereby also committed to introducing the euro as its national currency as soon as it is ready. When Croatia’s macroeconomic situation began to develop in a positive trend, it entered the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II) on July 10, 2020, a kind of waiting room for the euro that prepares the country for a major change. Although Croatia is a deeply euroized country, months of adjustment to the euro await it in terms of adjusting prices, information and communication channels, and preventing possible crises and shocks that may affect the country’s economy during the conversion. In order to minimize shocks, efforts are being made to fulfill the Maastricht criteria. All possible positive and negative consequences that can be expected are listed, and through a survey on the perception of citizens, their level of information about the transition to the euro is shown, as well as fears such as price increases, inflation, loss of national sovereignty, as well as positive consequences that will reflect on tourism.

Poslovno okruženje u Bosni i Hercegovini u kontekstu privlačenja direktnih stranih ulaganja

Poslovno okruženje u Bosni i Hercegovini u kontekstu privlačenja direktnih stranih ulaganja
(Business Environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Context of Attracting Foreign Direct Investments)

Author(s):Stevan Petković, Dalibor Misirača, Slobodan Stanić, Dragan Gnjatić
Language:Bosnian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:361-370
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Foreign investors; Business obstacles; Central bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the paper is to provide an overview of the business environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to explain its impact on the inflow of foreign direct investments. The paper will further analyze the structure, amounts and inflow of foreign direct investments that Bosnia and Herzegovina has attracted in recent years. According to data from international organizations reports, and based on most indicators, Bosnia and Herzegovina continues to lag behind neighboring countries. In order to stimulate the flow of foreign direct investments, it is necessary to create preconditions for their greater inflow, but also to create a favorable business environment that will be attractive for foreign investors. Bosnia and Herzegovina must undertake a number of activities, in order to improve the overall business climate. Which existing business obstacles need to be removed as a matter of priority that would result in an increase in foreign direct investments, will also be the subject of consideration in this paper.

Utjecaj doživljene poduzetničke samoefikasnosti na sklonost primjene efektualne logike

Utjecaj doživljene poduzetničke samoefikasnosti na sklonost primjene efektualne logike
(The Influence of Experienced Entrepreneurial Self-Efficiency on the Tendency to Apply Effective Logic)

Author(s):Marina Stanić, Ana Jakopec, Sara Delač Marković
Language:Croatian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:371-377
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Uncertainty; Effectuation; Decision making; Experiment
Summary/Abstract:Effective logic is a way of thinking and making decisions characteristic of expert entrepreneurs who make decisions most often under conditions of high uncertainty. The tendency to apply effectual logic is related to the perception of control over a certain situation and its outcomes, while the perception of control is closely related to the experience of self-efficacy. The goal of the research is to test the assumption that an individual who believes in his abilities to perform a certain task (high level of self-efficacy), will have a stronger sense of control over events and will be more inclined to apply effectual logic in decision-making. The research included an experimental design, and the data were collected from a sample of students of the Faculty of Economics as representatives of the population of potential entrepreneurs. The research results show that the group of respondents with an induced higher perception of entrepreneurial self-efficacy is more inclined to apply effective logic when making decisions in hypothetical business situations compared to the group of participants with an induced low perception of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the control group of respondents.

Stavovi i znanje mladih osoba prema kreditu

Stavovi i znanje mladih osoba prema kreditu
(Attitudes and Knowledge of Young People Towards Credit)

Author(s):Goran Karanović, Elvis Mujačević, Emma Superina
Language:Croatian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:379-386
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Credit; Young adults; Attitudes; Survey; Credit knowledge
Summary/Abstract:The research was conducted to examine the knowledge and attitude of young people towards credit. The total sample of respondents is 77 young people, and the survey was conducted with the help of a structured online questionnaire among the student population. The results indicate the importance of saving, but also the lack of practice among the surveyed population. There is room for improving knowledge related to loans and creditworthiness as well as more complex financial terms. A lack of knowledge about investments in securities and investment funds was observed. The limitations of this research can be seen in the smaller sample, but also the sample of the student population. Recommendations for further research are to expand the sample to the entire population and not only to highly educated young people with an economic orientation and to use a larger sample for more significant statistical confirmation.

Utjecaj radne klime na zadovoljstvo zaposlenika

Utjecaj radne klime na zadovoljstvo zaposlenika
(Influence of Work Climate on Employee Satisfaction)

Author(s):Mirjana Nedović, Tatjana Andraković
Language:Croatian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:387-392
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Employee satisfaction; Work climate; Organizational culture; Management
Summary/Abstract:The work climate in the workplace affects the behaviour of employees. A positive working climate is stimulating and contributes to the achievement of the company’s goals, and vice versa, in the case when a bad working climate begins to be demotivating for employees, it reduces their work performances. Consequently, the working environment represents a challenge for its management, which needs to find appropriate tools and apply motivational techniques which will improve the work climate and promote organizational culture. This work aims to find out the level of employee satisfaction within the work climate and business conditions and to identify possibly negative factors that affect employees. This paper analyses the results of the research that was carried out employing a questionnaire on 36 respondents and their attitude towards the working environment. In the paper were applied scientific methods of analysis, along with the surveying research method. The results of the research will be a useful tool for the management when identifying all the factors that hinder a positive work climate, as well as for the identification of those factors that need to be fostered and developed because they create employee satisfaction and their positive attitude towards work.

Fitnes kao niša sportskog turizma u Europskoj uniji s osvrtom na Republiku Hrvatsku

Fitnes kao niša sportskog turizma u Europskoj uniji s osvrtom na Republiku Hrvatsku
(Fitness as a Sports Tourism Niche in the European Union with a Reference to the Republic of Croatia)

Author(s):Andreja Rudančić, Mirna Šoštar, Sandra Šokčević
Language:Croatian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:393-400
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Fitness; Sports tourism; European Union; Republic of Croatia
Summary/Abstract:In the modern tourist offer, the phenomenon of fitness is seen as recreation in the function of preserving and restoring the health of individuals and groups and increasing the quality of their life. The paper analyzes the habits of the inhabitants of the European Union in terms of leisure and physical activities to maintain a good physical condition of the organism and health well-being. The purpose of the work is to investigate and argue the importance of fitness as a niche of sports tourism in the European Union regarding the Republic of Croatia from the aspect of recreation as part of sports tourism and wellness as a component of health tourism. When analyzing the topic, relevant data from the primary surveys of the Eurobarometer of the European Union were used and compared with the results of the research of the Institute for Tourism of the Republic of Croatia. The general conclusion is that the Croatian average representation of fitness as a leisure activity is much lower compared to the European average.

Interesne skupine i veličina javnog sektora: Postoji li veza?

Interesne skupine i veličina javnog sektora: Postoji li veza?
(Interest Groups and the Size of the Public Sector: Is There a Relationship?)

Author(s):Silvia Golem
Language:Croatian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:401-406
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Lobbying; Public sector; Concept measurement
Summary/Abstract:Well-organized and powerful interest groups can benefit from various government actions to the detriment of the general population of taxpayers. In exchange for such favors, special interest groups offer political support directly or indirectly by influencing the views of the general public, or both. The benefits to each individual of small special interest lobbying groups can be enormous, while the costs of such political “transactions” are usually distributed through higher taxes (or debt) to the entire population of taxpayers. Consequently, the costs to the average taxpayer appear small and are therefore likely to be tolerated. As a result, there is little cost to the government to satisfy interest group demands, while the (political) benefits can be substantial. In this way, interest groups can ultimately influence the actions of the government and its share in the economy. However, not all interest groups are equally effective in achieving their goals. The main goal of this paper is to investigate theoretical assumptions and empirical attempts to assess the relationship between the size of the public sector in the economy and interest groups.

Neoliberalna ekonomija u sudaru sa pravoslavnom eklisiologijom

Neoliberalna ekonomija u sudaru sa pravoslavnom eklisiologijom
(Neoliberal Economy in Collision with Orthodox Ecclesiology)

Author(s):Nenad D. Dugalić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:407-410
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Neoliberal economy; Orthodoxy; Competition; Concordance; State
Summary/Abstract:The lack of ideas (principles) of modern society results in the undeification of the economy and the identification of human progress with economic growth and development. The tendency is to minimize the influence of any moral and spiritual values that could prevent material benefit. The continuous accumulation of capital and the enormous increase in profits, without any ultimate meaning, leads to an economic and social crisis. The problem is not in progressive development but in one-sidedness and absurd economic growth whose goal is to create surplus value and not to serve human needs. This is exactly why social problems and social inequalities occur, where man is not seen as a unique psychophysical being created from God's love. Consequently, in this paper, an attempt is made to at least slightly indicate the quite divergent relations between the Orthodox tradition and the neoliberal economy in the modern world.

Nastava usmjerena na učenika

Nastava usmjerena na učenika
(Student-Centered Teaching)

Author(s):Jasmina Kurpejović, Marinko Savić, Ibro Skenderović, Suada Aljković Kadrić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:411-416
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Teaching; Active teaching; Student
Summary/Abstract:An educational system that is based on tasks that are implemented on didactically shaped content, through various forms and with the help of different means and socially determined goals, is called teaching. A planned educational system, which is managed by the teacher to help students develop personalities, and acquire new habits, knowledge and skills. Teaching is not limited to one day, week, or month, it always lasts for a longer period because it is a procedural activity until the participants or students achieve the goals set by the curriculum. It is necessary to show the basic content of that activity. It educates the participants or trainees. If it is reduced only to the upbringing aspect, or even only to the educational aspect, it is wrong, there were many such attempts, but they were not successful, but wrong. Active teaching is a modern form of teaching that is successfully applied in modern schools.

Rešitve iz narave kot izziv in priložnost za podjetje Dorssen

Rešitve iz narave kot izziv in priložnost za podjetje Dorssen
(Solutions from Nature as a Challenge and Opportunity for Dorssen Business)

Author(s):Robert Harb, Maja Harb, Darja Harb
Language:Slovenian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:417-426
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Bionics; Organization; Leadership; Collective
Summary/Abstract:In the past, traditional organizations were based on a hierarchy and decision-making was in the hands of those who were ranked higher on a hierarchical scale. As a result of globalization and a changing environment, modern organizations nowadays face several different situations, and therefore they become much more flattened. In every organization, it is most important to know who a decision-maker is and who has the highest authority. On the other hand, nature offers examples of organizations of other living beings that are effective and work without control, without leaders or instructions, yet everyone in this organization knows what to do. Our main interest in this article was how is it possible that nature and the animal world survive without leadership and control, yet they still survive in the world of great natural selection. Here are some ways in which bionics can be used to improve the organizational structure of the Dorssen company: • Using biological networks to design organizational structures: Similar to how organisms adapt to changes in their environment, the Dorssen company can use a similar approach to design its organizational structure. • Using natural materials for work, such as wood, stones, plants, etc., can improve the work environment and promote creativity and productivity among employees. • Using natural forms in the design of workspaces, such as circles, spirals, and curvy lines can improve the visual aesthetics and create a more natural work environment. • Using biological processes to improve the efficiency of company operations, such as photosynthesis or the biological cycle can serve as models for improving the efficiency of business processes, such as production, supply, and inventory management. • Using a "bottom-up" approach: Similar to how smaller units are responsible for the functioning of the entire system in nature, the Dorssen company can improve its organizational structure by giving more responsibility to smaller working groups. This promotes innovation and independence among all employees. The leadership of the Dorssen company sets an example for its employees with its actions and decisions. This fosters respect and trust among employees and creates a positive work environment. The methods used by living beings to conquer a new living environment by developing new abilities can become a model in human society to build a consistent and dynamic expertise for innovation in enterprises. For many years, the study has been studying the efficiency and working efficiency of insects such as ants and bees. In this article, we focused on the fascinating world and the life of the ants.

The Impact of the Pandemic on the Innovation Performance of European Countries

The Impact of the Pandemic on the Innovation Performance of European Countries (The Impact of the Pandemic on the Innovation Performance of European Countries)

Business Performance during Crisis: A Case Study of Albania in the Period of COVID-19

Business Performance during Crisis: A Case Study of Albania in the Period of COVID-19 (Business Performance during Crisis: A Case Study of Albania in the Period of COVID-19)

Effects of COVID-19 Stringency Measures on Business Indicators in the European Union

Effects of COVID-19 Stringency Measures on Business Indicators in the European Union (Effects of COVID-19 Stringency Measures on Business Indicators in the European Union)

Impacts of GDP per Capita According to PPS and Health Care Expenditure on Basic Indicators in C5 Countries

Impacts of GDP per Capita According to PPS and Health Care Expenditure on Basic Indicators in C5 Countries (Impacts of GDP per Capita According to PPS and Health Care Expenditure on Basic Indicators in C5 Countries)

Comparison of the Evaluation of the European Structural and Investment Funds in Slovakia and the Czech Republic

Comparison of the Evaluation of the European Structural and Investment Funds in Slovakia and the Czech Republic (Comparison of the Evaluation of the European Structural and Investment Funds in Slovakia and the Czech Republic)

Foreign Direct Investment – State and Performance

Foreign Direct Investment – State and Performance (Foreign Direct Investment – State and Performance)

Inflation under a Currency Board: The Bulgarian Experience

Inflation under a Currency Board: The Bulgarian Experience (Inflation under a Currency Board: The Bulgarian Experience)

Is the Fiscalization Process a Sustainable Tool to Reduce the Informal Economy? The Effects and Challenges after the Implementation Compared with the Region Countries

Opportunistic Behavior and the Impact on Audit Quality in Albania

Opportunistic Behavior and the Impact on Audit Quality in Albania (Opportunistic Behavior and the Impact on Audit Quality in Albania)

Rebalancing Portfolios in Periods of Stress in the Global Economy: Capital Markets vs.WTI, XAU, XAG, XPT

Rebalancing Portfolios in Periods of Stress in the Global Economy: Capital Markets vs.WTI, XAU, XAG, XPT (Rebalancing Portfolios in Periods of Stress in the Global Economy: Capital Markets vs.WTI, XAU, XAG, XPT)

Interconnections between Clean Energy and Traditional Commodities: Analysis of Energy Fuels, S&P Global Clean Energy Index, and Ishares Global Clean Energy ETF Compared to Oil, Gold, and Natural Gas Prices

Investment in Unmanned Aerial Systems in Agriculture and Economic Growth: G(7)

Investment in Unmanned Aerial Systems in Agriculture and Economic Growth: G(7) (Investment in Unmanned Aerial Systems in Agriculture and Economic Growth: G(7))

BAT Techniques in Agribusiness through the Prism of Sustainable Development in the Republic of Serbia

BAT Techniques in Agribusiness through the Prism of Sustainable Development in the Republic of Serbia (BAT Techniques in Agribusiness through the Prism of Sustainable Development in the Republic of Serbia)

A European Perspective on Engaging and Supporting Civil Society Organisations in Local Territorial Development

A European Perspective on Engaging and Supporting Civil Society Organisations in Local Territorial Development (A European Perspective on Engaging and Supporting Civil Society Organisations in Local Territorial Development)

Significance of Financial Valuation of Brands in Agribusiness in Serbia

Significance of Financial Valuation of Brands in Agribusiness in Serbia (Significance of Financial Valuation of Brands in Agribusiness in Serbia)

Management of Land Consolidation Projects

Management of Land Consolidation Projects (Management of Land Consolidation Projects)

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Land Consolidation Projects Ranking

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Land Consolidation Projects Ranking (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Land Consolidation Projects Ranking)

Analysis of the Number of People Employed in Research and Development in the Countries of the European Union in the Period 2011 – 2020

Analysis of the Number of People Employed in Research and Development in the Countries of the European Union in the Period 2011 – 2020 (Analysis of the Number of People Employed in Research and Development in the Countries of the European Union in the Period 2011 – 2020)

Quality of Employment: Statistical Review on Safety and Ethics at Work in Serbia

Quality of Employment: Statistical Review on Safety and Ethics at Work in Serbia (Quality of Employment: Statistical Review on Safety and Ethics at Work in Serbia)

Selected Aspects of Education Transformation

Selected Aspects of Education Transformation (Selected Aspects of Education Transformation)

Comparison of Selected Indicators of Higher Education Financing in Slovakia in Disruptive Times

Comparison of Selected Indicators of Higher Education Financing in Slovakia in Disruptive Times (Comparison of Selected Indicators of Higher Education Financing in Slovakia in Disruptive Times)

Students Return after COVID-19 Crisis

Students Return after COVID-19 Crisis (Students Return after COVID-19 Crisis)

Application of the Internet in Teaching about the Environment

Application of the Internet in Teaching about the Environment (Application of the Internet in Teaching about the Environment)

People with Schizophrenia Out of Social Isolation: A Didactic Perspective to Increase the New Well-Being

People with Schizophrenia Out of Social Isolation: A Didactic Perspective to Increase the New Well-Being (People with Schizophrenia Out of Social Isolation: A Didactic Perspective to Increase the New Well-Being)

Consequences of the Pandemic COVID-19 on Transport and Tourism

Consequences of the Pandemic COVID-19 on Transport and Tourism (Consequences of the Pandemic COVID-19 on Transport and Tourism)

Support for Tourism Development in the Balkan Region after the Pandemic

Support for Tourism Development in the Balkan Region after the Pandemic (Support for Tourism Development in the Balkan Region after the Pandemic)

The Positive Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism: A Case Study of the Ribnica Destination

The Positive Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism: A Case Study of the Ribnica Destination (The Positive Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism: A Case Study of the Ribnica Destination)

Natural Tourism Resources in Gabrovo District (Bulgaria)

Natural Tourism Resources in Gabrovo District (Bulgaria) (Natural Tourism Resources in Gabrovo District (Bulgaria))

Sustainable Tourism Actions from the National to the Local Level

Sustainable Tourism Actions from the National to the Local Level (Sustainable Tourism Actions from the National to the Local Level)

Emergence of Wine Destinations and Wine Products: For a Few Wine Experiences More

Emergence of Wine Destinations and Wine Products: For a Few Wine Experiences More (Emergence of Wine Destinations and Wine Products: For a Few Wine Experiences More)

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtual Travel

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtual Travel (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtual Travel)

The Use of GIS Technologies in the Monitoring Grapevine Plantation

The Use of GIS Technologies in the Monitoring Grapevine Plantation (The Use of GIS Technologies in the Monitoring Grapevine Plantation)

Food Waste on Restaurant – A Circular Economy Approach

Food Waste on Restaurant – A Circular Economy Approach (Food Waste on Restaurant – A Circular Economy Approach)

“Starry” Gastronomy. Michelin Stars

“Starry” Gastronomy. Michelin Stars (“Starry” Gastronomy. Michelin Stars)

The Success of the Informed Consent in the Context of the Negotiations

The Success of the Informed Consent in the Context of the Negotiations (The Success of the Informed Consent in the Context of the Negotiations)

Climate Change Legal Setup, EU Acquis, Implementation and Interaction with Water, Environment, and Cross-Cutting Sectors in Albania

Climate Change Legal Setup, EU Acquis, Implementation and Interaction with Water, Environment, and Cross-Cutting Sectors in Albania (Climate Change Legal Setup, EU Acquis, Implementation and Interaction with Water, Environment, and Cross-Cutting Sectors in Albania)

Nove informacijske tehnologije za podršku razvoju kružne ekonomije u okviru Industrije 5.0

Nove informacijske tehnologije za podršku razvoju kružne ekonomije u okviru Industrije 5.0 (New Information Technologies to Support the Development of the Circular Economy in the Framework of Industry 5.0)

Konvergira li državna potrošnja na zdravstvo u EU?

Konvergira li državna potrošnja na zdravstvo u EU? (Is There Convergence in Government Expenditures on Health in the EU?)

Uticaj personalnih novčanih doznaka na poboljšanje socijalnog stanja stanovništva i privrede zemalja primalaca

Uticaj personalnih novčanih doznaka na poboljšanje socijalnog stanja stanovništva i privrede zemalja primalaca (The Influence of Personal Money Remittances on the Improvement of the Social Condition of the Population and the Economy of the Recipient Countries)

Demografska struktura Europske Unije

Demografska struktura Europske Unije (Demographic Structure of the European Union)

Uvođenje eura 2023. godine i mogući utjecaji na turizam u Republici Hrvatskoj

Uvođenje eura 2023. godine i mogući utjecaji na turizam u Republici Hrvatskoj (Introduction of the Euro in 2023 and Possible Effects on Tourism in the Republic of Croatia)

The Impact of the Pandemic on the Innovation Performance of European Countries
(The Impact of the Pandemic on the Innovation Performance of European Countries)

Business Performance during Crisis: A Case Study of Albania in the Period of COVID-19
(Business Performance during Crisis: A Case Study of Albania in the Period of COVID-19)

Effects of COVID-19 Stringency Measures on Business Indicators in the European Union
(Effects of COVID-19 Stringency Measures on Business Indicators in the European Union)

Impacts of GDP per Capita According to PPS and Health Care Expenditure on Basic Indicators in C5 Countries
(Impacts of GDP per Capita According to PPS and Health Care Expenditure on Basic Indicators in C5 Countries)

Comparison of the Evaluation of the European Structural and Investment Funds in Slovakia and the Czech Republic
(Comparison of the Evaluation of the European Structural and Investment Funds in Slovakia and the Czech Republic)

Foreign Direct Investment – State and Performance
(Foreign Direct Investment – State and Performance)

Inflation under a Currency Board: The Bulgarian Experience
(Inflation under a Currency Board: The Bulgarian Experience)

Opportunistic Behavior and the Impact on Audit Quality in Albania
(Opportunistic Behavior and the Impact on Audit Quality in Albania)

Rebalancing Portfolios in Periods of Stress in the Global Economy: Capital Markets vs.WTI, XAU, XAG, XPT
(Rebalancing Portfolios in Periods of Stress in the Global Economy: Capital Markets vs.WTI, XAU, XAG, XPT)

Investment in Unmanned Aerial Systems in Agriculture and Economic Growth: G(7)
(Investment in Unmanned Aerial Systems in Agriculture and Economic Growth: G(7))

BAT Techniques in Agribusiness through the Prism of Sustainable Development in the Republic of Serbia
(BAT Techniques in Agribusiness through the Prism of Sustainable Development in the Republic of Serbia)

A European Perspective on Engaging and Supporting Civil Society Organisations in Local Territorial Development
(A European Perspective on Engaging and Supporting Civil Society Organisations in Local Territorial Development)

Significance of Financial Valuation of Brands in Agribusiness in Serbia
(Significance of Financial Valuation of Brands in Agribusiness in Serbia)

Management of Land Consolidation Projects
(Management of Land Consolidation Projects)

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Land Consolidation Projects Ranking
(Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Land Consolidation Projects Ranking)

Analysis of the Number of People Employed in Research and Development in the Countries of the European Union in the Period 2011 – 2020
(Analysis of the Number of People Employed in Research and Development in the Countries of the European Union in the Period 2011 – 2020)

Quality of Employment: Statistical Review on Safety and Ethics at Work in Serbia
(Quality of Employment: Statistical Review on Safety and Ethics at Work in Serbia)

Selected Aspects of Education Transformation
(Selected Aspects of Education Transformation)

Comparison of Selected Indicators of Higher Education Financing in Slovakia in Disruptive Times
(Comparison of Selected Indicators of Higher Education Financing in Slovakia in Disruptive Times)

Students Return after COVID-19 Crisis
(Students Return after COVID-19 Crisis)

Application of the Internet in Teaching about the Environment
(Application of the Internet in Teaching about the Environment)

People with Schizophrenia Out of Social Isolation: A Didactic Perspective to Increase the New Well-Being
(People with Schizophrenia Out of Social Isolation: A Didactic Perspective to Increase the New Well-Being)

Consequences of the Pandemic COVID-19 on Transport and Tourism
(Consequences of the Pandemic COVID-19 on Transport and Tourism)

Support for Tourism Development in the Balkan Region after the Pandemic
(Support for Tourism Development in the Balkan Region after the Pandemic)

The Positive Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism: A Case Study of the Ribnica Destination
(The Positive Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism: A Case Study of the Ribnica Destination)

Natural Tourism Resources in Gabrovo District (Bulgaria)
(Natural Tourism Resources in Gabrovo District (Bulgaria))

Sustainable Tourism Actions from the National to the Local Level
(Sustainable Tourism Actions from the National to the Local Level)

Emergence of Wine Destinations and Wine Products: For a Few Wine Experiences More
(Emergence of Wine Destinations and Wine Products: For a Few Wine Experiences More)

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtual Travel
(The Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtual Travel)

The Use of GIS Technologies in the Monitoring Grapevine Plantation
(The Use of GIS Technologies in the Monitoring Grapevine Plantation)

Food Waste on Restaurant – A Circular Economy Approach
(Food Waste on Restaurant – A Circular Economy Approach)

“Starry” Gastronomy. Michelin Stars
(“Starry” Gastronomy. Michelin Stars)

The Success of the Informed Consent in the Context of the Negotiations
(The Success of the Informed Consent in the Context of the Negotiations)

Climate Change Legal Setup, EU Acquis, Implementation and Interaction with Water, Environment, and Cross-Cutting Sectors in Albania
(Climate Change Legal Setup, EU Acquis, Implementation and Interaction with Water, Environment, and Cross-Cutting Sectors in Albania)

Nove informacijske tehnologije za podršku razvoju kružne ekonomije u okviru Industrije 5.0
(New Information Technologies to Support the Development of the Circular Economy in the Framework of Industry 5.0)

Konvergira li državna potrošnja na zdravstvo u EU?
(Is There Convergence in Government Expenditures on Health in the EU?)

Uticaj personalnih novčanih doznaka na poboljšanje socijalnog stanja stanovništva i privrede zemalja primalaca
(The Influence of Personal Money Remittances on the Improvement of the Social Condition of the Population and the Economy of the Recipient Countries)

Demografska struktura Europske Unije
(Demographic Structure of the European Union)

Uvođenje eura 2023. godine i mogući utjecaji na turizam u Republici Hrvatskoj
(Introduction of the Euro in 2023 and Possible Effects on Tourism in the Republic of Croatia)

Poslovno okruženje u Bosni i Hercegovini u kontekstu privlačenja direktnih stranih ulaganja
(Business Environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Context of Attracting Foreign Direct Investments)

Utjecaj doživljene poduzetničke samoefikasnosti na sklonost primjene efektualne logike
(The Influence of Experienced Entrepreneurial Self-Efficiency on the Tendency to Apply Effective Logic)

Stavovi i znanje mladih osoba prema kreditu
(Attitudes and Knowledge of Young People Towards Credit)

Utjecaj radne klime na zadovoljstvo zaposlenika
(Influence of Work Climate on Employee Satisfaction)

Fitnes kao niša sportskog turizma u Europskoj uniji s osvrtom na Republiku Hrvatsku
(Fitness as a Sports Tourism Niche in the European Union with a Reference to the Republic of Croatia)

Interesne skupine i veličina javnog sektora: Postoji li veza?
(Interest Groups and the Size of the Public Sector: Is There a Relationship?)

Neoliberalna ekonomija u sudaru sa pravoslavnom eklisiologijom
(Neoliberal Economy in Collision with Orthodox Ecclesiology)

Nastava usmjerena na učenika
(Student-Centered Teaching)

Rešitve iz narave kot izziv in priložnost za podjetje Dorssen
(Solutions from Nature as a Challenge and Opportunity for Dorssen Business)