Przeszłość, teraźniejszość i przyszłość Łodzi. Tom 2. Przestrzeń miasta przemysłowego. Zbiór studiów z okazji 200 lat Łodzi przemysłowej
The past, present and future of Łódź. Volume 2: The Space of the Industrial Town
Contributor(s): Ewa M. Boryczka (Editor), Kamil Śmiechowski (Editor)
Subject(s): History, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today)
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Keywords: Łódź; city; future of Łódź; spatial development of the city; identity of the city; urban regeneration
Summary/Abstract: In 2020, Łódź celebrated 200 years of its industrial history. This anniversary became the basis for organising a scientific debate on the industrial history and future of our city, and the aftermath of a series of meetings prepared by the Interdisciplinary Centre for Urban Studies during the anniversary year is this, the second publication. In the subtext of the debate, we posed ourselves the questions: How has the space of the industrial city evolved? How has Łódź and its space changed during the transformation period? What is the direction of the city's spatial policy today? What determined its transformations and what is changing in Łódź today? How does the industrial historical past determine the future of the city? How has Łódź changed and in what direction is it heading? The publication takes up two main threads of reflections on the development of the city, i.e. transformation and the urban space of Łódź - its past, present and future. The first part of the publication covers the processes of the city's transformation from a slowly developing small village from the period up to the 15th century, through the prosperity of the 19th century industrial city, to the post-industrial city towards its further transformation and regeneration. The second part focuses on the space of the city of Łódź and its transformations, as well as the factors and determinants of these transformations. By looking at the city of Łódź from different perspectives, mainly from the perspective of spatial planning, spatial economy, socio-economic geography, management, environmental protection, architecture and urban planning, we wanted to enrich the much needed new interdisciplinary approach to urban studies.
Series: Uniwersytet Łódzki
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-8331-101-2
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-8331-100-5
- Page Count: 342
- Publication Year: 2023
- Language: Polish
Słowo wstępne
Słowo wstępne
(Editorial)
- Author(s):Ewa M. Boryczka, Kamil Śmiechowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Economy, Recent History (1900 till today), Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today)
- Page Range:7-9
- No. of Pages:3
- Price: 2.00 €
Ziemia obiecana wczoraj, dziś i jutro
Ziemia obiecana wczoraj, dziś i jutro
(Promised land yesterday, today and tomorrow)
- Author(s):Jolanta Jakóbczyk-Gryszkiewicz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Geography, Regional studies, Regional Geography, Recent History (1900 till today)
- Page Range:13-31
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:Lodz; promised lan;, development stages; shrinking city; modernization; special economic zone; revitalization; socio-economic changes
- Summary/Abstract:This study is concerned with Lodz – a city that from the 19th century was called a promised land. The aim of this chapter is to present the historical determinants of its growth and to provide an analysis of the socio-economic changes that took place in this city after the decline of communism. Lodz was set up in the 15th century, but for the first 400 years it functioned as a mainly agricultural settlement. The government decision established it in 1823 as a textile industry city. Its population grew from 800 at the beginning of the 19th century to over 300 thousand at the end of the century, when Lodz became Poland’s second largest city and a major centre of industry. Up to 1989, the development of Lodz was based on the textile industry and the related branches. In 1989, communism in Poland fell and socio-economic transformation began. In consequence, Poland lost its eastern markets, which had always been of key importance for the condition of the textile industry of Lodz. This factor, along with industrial backwardness, contributed to the decline of the textile industry, which from the 19th century constituted the economic base of the city. The fall of industry was accompanied by depopulation, which caused Lodz to become the most quickly shrinking of the large Polish cities. After 2000, new industrial branches and services started developing in the city. The favourable factors that contributed to this include Poland’s accession to the EU (2004), good location in terms of transport connections, industrial traditions, a special economic zone, and low prices of land and office space. This paper presents the stages in the development of Lodz, and changes of its place in Poland’s settlement network hierarchy. It also discusses current problems of this city resulting from socio-economic changes after 1989, and identifies further development opportunities and directions.
- Price: 2.00 €
Regeneracja miasta przemysłowego – nowe wyzwania dla polityki przestrzennej i urbanistycznej w świetle zmieniających się strategicznych strumieni zasobów. Kontekst łódzki
Regeneracja miasta przemysłowego – nowe wyzwania dla polityki przestrzennej i urbanistycznej w świetle zmieniających się strategicznych strumieni zasobów. Kontekst łódzki
(Regeneration of the industrial city – new challenges for spatial and urban policy in the light of theory of changing strategic resource streams. Lodz context)
- Author(s):Tadeusz Markowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Geography, Regional studies, Regional Geography, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today)
- Page Range:33-58
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:regeneration of cities; circular economy; resource theory
- Summary/Abstract:The chapter addresses the issue of a broader view of the regeneration of an industrial city in the light of dynamically occurring multidimensional technological, social, political and, above all, environmental changes. Regeneration consists in discovering the usefulness of each component of the production potential in new conditions and properly incorporating it into the productive and developmental circulation. It is a process in which a new “grammar” of management emerges on the one hand (new concepts, a new language, a new conceptualization of the functioning and development of the city), and on the other hand, management shifts to a new development trajectory. It is impossible to start this process without modifying the socio-economic imaginary and building a new paradigm in the approach to further processes of urbanization and urban development. The reallocation of industry towards Third World Countries by global corporations over the past 50 years has shown how sensitive – politically, socially and ecologically – we have created the modern world. The scale of the problem is revealed to us at an accelerated pace by extreme climatic events, epidemiological threats, political and war conflicts. Supply chains are being disrupted, basic principles of social and economic security are being violated. These are, among other things, the main reasons for the need for a different view – scientific and political – of the geography of the world’s production processes and the need to take into account – in the further development of civilization – “commonly” ignored global external costs. We now know that we are in the phase of a civilizational and climatic geopolitical and demographic breakthrough, which requires a different view of the productive functions of cities, their future functional and spatial structure, the degree of preservation of material cultural heritage. Perhaps the delayed changes that are taking place in Łódź are a new opportunity that will be used in a new historical moment of changes in the geography of the world’s industry, moving away from energy based on coal and other fossil fuels, and to re-reallocate the generation sphere to the global level towards the return of “industry” to the cities of the Western World and the EU. However, the reindustrialisation of the cities of the EU, Europe and the Western World will have a different trajectory resulting from the clearly visible features of a new type of digital and low-emission economy, as well as the possibility for cities to generate “new” strategic generation resources on their own. These new “economic resources” are produced in complex territorial urban socio-economic systems. As a consequence of these objective trends, we can conclude that the new wave of development and transformation of cities will be determined by “new” resources and development factors already inherent in urban systems as a result of the historical process of accumulation with minerals, raw materials and also the accumulation of knowledge and skills of city dwellers. Especially large cities have a “hidden” critical mass, the liberation of which will allow the transition to a new trajectory of development based, in a strategic sense, on intangible intellectual resources. Such a new resource of industrial development becomes “territorial capital”. Without going into a deeper analysis of contemporary development processes, widely described in the literature on the subject, it is worth pointing out the permanent trends that will determine further development processes and what may result from them for global, national and local activities of public institutions towards cities and urbanization processes. These include:• Accelerating digitization of all spheres of economic, social, political and military life. • Increase in demand for stable electricity. • Building a global consensus on action to protect the climate and restore the regenerative functions of the natural environment. • Political and economic pressure on the development of renewable energy sources as new resources for building sustainable competitive advantages on territorial scales. • The depletion of cheap sources of mineral resources and the strengthening of market innovations and motivation to use secondary raw materials. • Economic polarization of the world and conflicts over access to water.
- Price: 2.00 €
Miasto tworzone wspólnie. Przygotowanie i wdrożenie nowej strategii rozwoju Łodzi do roku 2030+
Miasto tworzone wspólnie. Przygotowanie i wdrożenie nowej strategii rozwoju Łodzi do roku 2030+
(A city built together. Preparation and implementation of the new lodz development strategy until 2030+)
- Author(s):Tomasz Bużałek
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Geography, Regional studies
- Page Range:59-77
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:municipal development strategy; territorial development management; development planning; Lodz; co-created city
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of the chapter is to discuss the process of preparing and implementing the development strategy for the city of Lodz by the year 2030+. The document was written and adopted as one of the first in the country after the amendment of the act on the development policy planning. The preparation of the document was a long-lasting process, and one of the main challenges faced by its authors was to find an approach that would keep the strategy up-to-date also after facing unpredictable occurrences and shocks. The draft strategy was developed in a mixed participatory and expert model. Public consultations were announced four times during the work on the document. The vision of the strategy states that Lodz is to be a co-created city that fully uses all available resources. The main basis for development is social capital, and the city’s competitiveness is to be built on the maximum use of all its resources. The strategy assumes the implementation of 4 strategic goals, formulated in response to the questions: “How to survive? How to develop? How to be attractive? How to offer something extraordinary?”. The document contains all the compulsory components, including a spatial model consistent with the Study of the Conditions and Directions of Spatial Development. Such a structure of the strategy was approved during public consultations. Nevertheless numerous proposals of the participants of the consultations was submitted, what allowed to upgrade the document in particular ideas and notes. The Development Strategy for the City of Lodz 2030+ sets the framework for the decade of the city development, staying in line with higher-level strategic documents. According to the document, Lodz is to be a sustainable city with a high quality of life, taking care of spatial development discipline, which will bring the effectiveness in use of its infrastructure. Due to the fundamental role assigned to the co-management of the city by residents, it will be crucial to find the right formula for effective cooperation.
- Price: 2.00 €
Polityki publiczne adresowane do osób starszych oraz ich interesariusze na przykładzie Łodzi
Polityki publiczne adresowane do osób starszych oraz ich interesariusze na przykładzie Łodzi
(Senior-oriented policy and their stakeholders. The case of Lodz)
- Author(s):Justyna Danielewicz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Geography, Regional studies, Civil Society
- Page Range:79-100
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:aging society; older people; senior-oriented policy; stakeholders; cooperation; Lodz
- Summary/Abstract:Demographic changes characterised by the increasing participation of the elderly in society pose a challenge to public policies implemented by local and regional government. At present, people aged 60+ constitute over 25% of the total population inPoland. Therefore, the challenge is to meet the needs of this but also to use the potential of older people. The study aims to analyze the legal conditions for conducting senior policy at the national level and strategic documents adopted at the regional and local level in terms of improving the seniors’ quality of life. The study consists of an introduction presenting current demographic trends and related challenges faced by public authorities. It follows the legal conditions of senior policy in Poland. In the next part, using the desk research method, a review of public policies adopted in the Lodz region and in city of Lodz, was carried out, which allowed to assess to what extent local and regional authorities take into account in their policies the challenges related to the growing participation of older people in society. Then an attempt was made to create a map of stakeholders operating in the area of broadly understood senior policy in Lodz. The summary contains conclusions from the analysis and recommendations regarding solutions enabling the implementation of senior policy in a more integrated way and future research in this field.
- Price: 2.00 €
Kierunki zagospodarowania przestrzennego Łodzi w świetle wyzwań i uwarunkowań rozwoju identyfikowanych w dokumentach planistycznych i strategicznych oraz opracowaniach eksperckich wykonywanych w latach 1989–2021
Kierunki zagospodarowania przestrzennego Łodzi w świetle wyzwań i uwarunkowań rozwoju identyfikowanych w dokumentach planistycznych i strategicznych oraz opracowaniach eksperckich wykonywanych w latach 1989–2021
(Spatial development patterns and directions in lodz in the context of challenges and determinants identified in planning and strategic documents as well as expert studies prepared in 1989–2021)
- Author(s):Dominik Drzazga
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Economy, Geography, Regional studies, Regional Geography, Tourism
- Page Range:103-231
- No. of Pages:129
- Keywords:local development; urban development; urban development policy; strategic planning; spatial planning; urban planning; integrated development planning; city management; forecasting; city; Lodz
- Summary/Abstract:The study attempts to identify and review the historical, contemporary and expected as well as predicted directions of spatial development pattern of Lodz analyzed from the perspective of a strategic approach to city planning and management. The development of Lodz, which remained (despite being granted city rights on July 29, 1423) for several centuries as a small settlement located on the Piotrkow route by the local river (Lodka), was subjected in subsequent periods of its development to various conditions and strategic challenges, changing at “critical points” history of the city, which was reflected in the functional and spatial transformations of the city. Such conditions were undoubtedly the inclusion of Lodz into the group of industrial settlements in 1820, and then (already in the centrally planned economy system) the development of a specific “monoculture” of light (textile) industry in Lodz (resulting in the “addition” of new residential and industrial districts to the city), and finally, the systemic socio-economic transformation of Lodz taking place in a shocking manner after 1989. The systemic, socio-economic transformation became a contribution and the necessity to search for a new vision and strategic directions for the city’s development, also in the spatial dimension. This was reflected in subsequent planning documents such as: The local general spatial development plan for Lodz from 1993, studies of the conditions and directions of spatial development in Lodz from the years 2002, 2010, 2018, as well as other strategic studies, in particular the Strategy for the integrated development of Lodz 2020+ (adopted in 2012) along with its eight sectoral policies, including the Strategy for the spatial development of Lodz 2020+ (adopted in 2013). Strategic development plans prepared by local government authorities was accompanied by the preparation of several other expert studies, including one promoting the concept of development of metropolitan functions in Lodz, in particular in the context of the postulated bipolar agglomeration – the Warsaw-Lodz functional area (Warsaw-Lodz metropolitan area), which also impacted on the directions of spatial development of the city, in particular by identifying key investments from this perspective, mainly related to the development of transport infrastructure. In the spatial dimension, after 1989, the objectives of the spatial policy of Lodz focused mainly on the protection of areas important for the city’s identity and undertaking revitalization activities related to the renewal of post-industrial areas located in the city center zone. The problem was (and still is) stopping the spread of development in the outer areas of Lodz (as expressed in the Studies of the conditions and directions of spatial development in Lodz from 2010). Nowadays, the key development challenge of the city is the growing depopulation, which is accompanied by quite dramatic efforts of local authorities aimed at building the image of a dynamically developing, modern city, reflected in various investments related to, among other things, the modernization of urban spaces (especially public) and planning of new attractive areas for further investments of economic importance. However, these activities are accompanied by the chaotic sale of municipal land and plots located outside zones of strategic importance, which is becoming a source of local conflicts. Among other challenges, which so far have rather little impact on strategic directions of urban development, one can point out the effects of climate change and changes in spatial behavior of the population, resulting from the dissemination of new technologies of remote communication, work, trade or the use of private and public services (significantly accelerated by the state of an infectious pandemic COVID-19 disease). These conditions were indicated in the study as the key strategic challenges that ought to imply the directions of development of Lodz, including in the spatial dimension
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Nieobowiązkowe elementy planowania przestrzennego i ich rola w zarządzaniu strategicznym na przykładzie Łodzi
Nieobowiązkowe elementy planowania przestrzennego i ich rola w zarządzaniu strategicznym na przykładzie Łodzi
(Non-mandatory elements of spatial planning and their role in strategic management, using the example of Lodz)
- Author(s):Anna Aneta Tomczak, Robert Warsza
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Tourism
- Page Range:233-255
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:spatial strategy; urban policy; long-term use study; elements of planning; cultural landscape
- Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses the non-mandatory elements of spatial planning and their role in strategic management. These, if properly shaped, can result in effective urban policy. The described individual components are necessary exaggerations and planning provisions that are most often absent from the formal documents, although they should be included as arguments to support the choices made by the local government authorities. Operational planning elements are essential in today’s urban management process. The most important of these include: (1) defining objectives in planning acts or their amendments, so that the documents are not just a formality, but can also be useful as an effective starting point for spatial operational policy; (2) identifying priorities, i.e. outlining the sequence of events; (3) coordination between parallel, social, economic and business activities, which should be mutually beneficial as a result of planning decisions. It is also important to have transparency when transferring the overall development goals into simple activities that, if executed together and in the right order, can produce the effects of a clear transformation of the urban space. These activities should be a component or a direct result of each planning study, regardless of its scale and impact. This chapter points out the optional elements of planning, using the city of Lodz as an example, indicating the direction of the city’s development based on a consciously chosen model of transformation, defining time perspectives and the zoning and sequence of investment activities. It also draws attention to the need to devel-op and implement greenery planning standards, identify local places of social integration, and achieve small potentials in the urban spatial policy.
- Price: 2.00 €
Zmiany pokrycia terenu Łodzi w latach 1990–2018
Zmiany pokrycia terenu Łodzi w latach 1990–2018
(land cover changes; Lodz; concentration; CORINE Land Cover)
- Author(s):Marta Nalej
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Regional Geography, Tourism
- Page Range:257-280
- No. of Pages:24
- Summary/Abstract:Land cover changes occur in geographic space under the influence of various factors. These processes are particularly intense in cities and their immediate surroundings. The aim of the chapter was to investigate land cover changes in Lodz in the years 1990–2018. Based on CORINE Land Cover data and using GIS tools, an analysis of land cover changes for the years 1990–2000, 2000–2006, 2006–2012 and 2012–2018 was performed in quantitative and spatial terms. In each analyzed period, the area of changes for every land cover type was determined and the directions of transformations were identified. In the study, concentration was measured using the method based on the Lorenz curve in auxiliary units – housing estates, which allowed for the analysis of the spatial distribution of land cover changes in the city area. The obtained results showed that in the period covered by the study, there was an expansion of built-up areas – urban fabric, as well as sport and leisure facilities, mainly at the expense of agricultural areas. An interesting phenomenon was also the changes caused by the cessation of farming, which caused the expansion of vegetation into arable lands and resulted in their transformation into land principally occupied by agriculture, with significant areas of natural vegetation.
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Tożsamość miasta i jej rola w procesie odnowy – przykład Łodzi
Tożsamość miasta i jej rola w procesie odnowy – przykład Łodzi
(The identity of the city and its role in the renewal process – the example of the city of Lodz)
- Author(s):Ewa M. Boryczka, Maria Dankowska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Regional Geography, Tourism
- Page Range:281-311
- No. of Pages:31
- Keywords:city identity; cultural heritage; economic base; urban regeneration; Lodz
- Summary/Abstract:City – a socio-economic and spatial system with its own unique and characteristic structure. The city’s structure varies in time and space. It is defined by the built environment and spatial structure, but also by the users of the city, including the local community, its activities, including economic, cultural, political and many other factors. Among the elements of a city’s structure in the modern world, city identity is a major focus in renewal processes. City identity is understood in a multi-faceted, multifaceted way. This concept is linked to the tradition and permanence of values, landscapes, buildings, cultures and social behaviour, historically transposed but also experienced in the present and, importantly, linked to a specific and defined space, shaped by successive generations. In the city’s identity lies a great strength and potential to strengthen and stimulate the city’s development processes. Identity, linked to tangible and intangible heritage, becomes thefoundation of development and a factor that strengthens the city’s economic base. Without a strong sense of identity, it is difficult to build strong economic mechanisms. Lodz, a city that has been constantly reinventing itself throughout its history, and in particular from the time when industrial settlements were established here in the first half of the 19th century until the present day, is a special example of a place where the search for and shaping of an ever-new identity is closely linked to ongoing revitalisation processes that affect the social and economic development of degraded areas of the city. It is a specific and very dynamic symbiosis and interaction between economic, political, urban, social, cultural processes that influence the perception, image and identity of Lodz. The aim of this chapter is to identify the elements of identity of the city of Lodz and their role in development processes, including urban regeneration processes.
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Dźwięki Starego Polesia – pejzaż dźwiękowy jako narracja przemian w przestrzeni miejskiej Łodzi
Dźwięki Starego Polesia – pejzaż dźwiękowy jako narracja przemian w przestrzeni miejskiej Łodzi
(Sounds of Stare Polesie – soundscape as a narrative of transformations in the urban space of Lodz)
- Author(s):Justyna Anders-Morawska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Geography, Regional studies, Regional Geography, Tourism
- Page Range:313-336
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Lodz; soundscape; art in qualitative research; autoethnography; urban space
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter descends from the concept of urban auscultation described by Shannon Mattern. She draws attention to the diagnostic value of the city’s soundscape in investigating the changes taking place in the urban tissue – both physical, socio-cultural, economic and symbolic. The case study of the soundscape of Stare Polesie district is a result of a research carried out using the participatory observation method within art based research and autoethnographic orientation. During three artistic residencies in the Stare Polesie district, which represents spatial changes taking place in recent decades in Lodz, the artists tried to construct narratives and sound impressions of the identity of this territory. The collected data show the multifaceted nature of the spatial transformations of the district, provide knowledge on how the space is used, and tell the narratives by residents and city activists. Demolition of tenement houses, setting up green areas, changes in the economic activity of residents, changes in traffic organization, but also the relative stability of the architecture of the quarters – these factors shape the audiosphere of the district. Research on the soundscape of cities allows for dynamic tracking of changes in space and early signaling of potential threats to the needs of the local community. The presented results show the possible benefits of treating the audiosphere as an important component in diagnosing the condition and planning urban space.
- Price: 2.00 €
