Selected Papers from the 13th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technology and Statistics in Economy and Education (ICAICTSEE - 2023), December 15-16th, 2023, UNWE, Sofia, Bulgaria
Selected Papers from the 13th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technology and Statistics in Economy and Education (ICAICTSEE - 2023), December 15-16th, 2023, UNWE, Sofia, Bulgaria
Contributor(s): Dimiter Velev (Editor), Plamena Zlateva (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Economy, Education, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Higher Education , Social Informatics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research, Distance learning / e-learning
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: Information and Communication Technology; Statistics; Innovations; Sustainability; Business; Economy; Education
Summary/Abstract: On December 15 and 16, 2023, the 13th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technology and Statistics in Economy and Education was held, organized by the Department of "Informatics" at the University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria. During the conference, the results of the application of ICT in various fields of economy, education and related fields of scientific knowledge were presented, and some advanced and emerging research trends of long-term significance were discussed. The conference was held under the auspices of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP).
- E-ISBN-13: 978-619-232-868-9
- Page Count: 197
- Publication Year: 2024
- Language: English
New Forms and Features of Сyber Confrontations
New Forms and Features of Сyber Confrontations
(New Forms and Features of Сyber Confrontations)
- Author(s):Serghei Ohrimenco, Valeriu Cernei
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Social development, Social Informatics, Economic development, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:9-14
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Cyberspace domain; Cybersecurity; Cyberconflict, Cybersanction; Cyber threats
- Summary/Abstract:The evolution of the cyberspace domain and its accompanying management tools has ushered in a era characterized by the emergence of new forms of confrontation: cyber blockades and cyber sanctions. This development has paved the ways for enhanced capabilities in economic management, the expansion of diplomatic and trade relationships, and ultimately, the safeguarding of national interests at an unprecedented level. This paper presents the results of an analysis of these new categories, elucidating their interconnectedness, and highlighting the evolution and continued development of these two domains, particularly within cyberspace. The authors draw attention to the new dimensions of confrontation within the cyberspace realm, encompassing explicit and hidden threats to individuals, society, and the state.
Impact of AI on the Korean Media
Impact of AI on the Korean Media
(Impact of AI on the Korean Media)
- Author(s):James Kang
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Media studies, Business Economy / Management, Communication studies, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:15-23
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Korean Media History; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Democratization; Expert Systems; Natural Language Processing (NLP); AI in Journalism
- Summary/Abstract:Korean media emerged in the late 19th century following the introduction of Western newspaper publishing technologies. Despite enduring numerous political upheavals, including Japanese colonial rule, the Korean War, military dictatorships, and democratization movements, the media in Korea continued to evolve. However, the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) in the 21st century have fundamentally altered the traditional media landscape. This paper aims to analyze the impact of AI on the development of Korean media and explore ways in which both entities can coexist harmoniously.
About Online Dedicated Resources for Information on Cyber Threats and Cyber Intelligence
About Online Dedicated Resources for Information on Cyber Threats and Cyber Intelligence
(About Online Dedicated Resources for Information on Cyber Threats and Cyber Intelligence)
- Author(s):Ivan Hristozov, Veselina Gagamova, Kristina Krumova, Chavdar Kostadinov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:24-28
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Cyber intelligence; Information systems; Cyber threats
- Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to explore the potential and capabilities of information systems in the context of cyber intelligence. By examining the processes of data collection, processing, and dissemination, this analysis seeks to identify the opportunities that modern information systems present for enhancing cyber intelligence operations. Some of their features and possibilities are also presented.
On Verification of Cyber Intelligence Tactics, Techniques and Procedures
On Verification of Cyber Intelligence Tactics, Techniques and Procedures
(On Verification of Cyber Intelligence Tactics, Techniques and Procedures)
- Author(s):Ivan Hristozov, Veselina Gagamova, Chavdar Kostadinov, Kristina Krumova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:29-34
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Cyber intelligence; Procedure; Techniques; Tactics
- Summary/Abstract:In this report, the authors present a research related to а cyber-intelligence procedure and the techniques and tactics it employs. Sample results of their application are shown and analyzed.
Incidence of Fake News Shared on Social Networks and Risk Assumed by University Students
Incidence of Fake News Shared on Social Networks and Risk Assumed by University Students
(Incidence of Fake News Shared on Social Networks and Risk Assumed by University Students)
- Author(s):Carlos Arturo TORRES-GASTELÚ, Joel Angulo-Armenta
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Media studies, Communication studies, Sociology, Higher Education , Evaluation research, Social Informatics, Environmental interactions, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:35-43
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Fake News; Social Networks; Students; University; Mexico
- Summary/Abstract:The objective of this paper is to analyze the perception of university students towards fake news by assessing the relationship between the incidence of fake news shared by themselves within their social networks and the risk assumed by students when sharing news they do not fully trust. Quantitative study through the application of a survey using a Likert scale applied to 313 students from different careers of the Faculties of Administration and Pedagogy of the Universidad Veracruzana in Mexico. Processing was carried out with descriptive and inferential statistics. The results point out the correlation between the risk assumed and the cases of false news shared indicating the existence of cases in university students with little predisposition to inquire into the reliability of the information, and who in turn, risk sharing it anyway. The variables of sex, age, semester, and educational program do not influence the risk that students assume when sharing news. However, students who claim not to share news they distrust also share fake news they do believe in on their social networks.
Ethical Behaviour Aspects in the Contemporary Cyber Environment (Ethical Behaviour and Cybersecurity)
Ethical Behaviour Aspects in the Contemporary Cyber Environment (Ethical Behaviour and Cybersecurity)
(Ethical Behaviour Aspects in the Contemporary Cyber Environment (Ethical Behaviour and Cybersecurity))
- Author(s):Konstantin Poudin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Management and complex organizations, Social Informatics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:44-48
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Ethical behaviour; Cyber environment; Cybersecurity
- Summary/Abstract:This paper draws attention on the ethical behaviour in the contemporary cyber environment. It does not address all aspects of ethical behaviour. The focus is on the ethical behaviour of employees in a given organization in cybersecurity context. The principles of ethical behaviour that employees must be guided by in order to perform their duties correctly and professionally, thereby contributing to ensuring the cybersecurity of the employer organization, are analysed.
Application of Cyber Intelligence for Security Operation Center
Application of Cyber Intelligence for Security Operation Center
(Application of Cyber Intelligence for Security Operation Center)
- Author(s):Nedko Tagarev
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Methodology and research technology, Social Informatics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:49-57
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:GAP analyses; Cybersecurity
- Summary/Abstract:Ensuring practical cyber intelligence for a Security Operation Center (SOC) involves collecting, analyzing, and utilizing information about cyber threats to enhance the organization's security posture. This encompasses the gathering and analysis of data on potential and active cyber threats, including Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)" which refer to signs that a security breach may have occurred, while "Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs)" refer to the methods and behaviours used by an attacker to carry out a cyber attack and utilized by threat actors. Additionally, it entails the use of advanced tools to monitor networks, systems, and applications for suspicious activities, such as the utilization of Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS). Furthermore, it involves developing and implementing plans to respond to security incidents, including identifying, containing, eradicating, and recovering from cyber-attacks. Regularly scanning systems for vulnerabilities and applying patches or mitigations to reduce the attack surface are also crucial components of cyber intelligence in the SOC. Lastly, monitoring and analyzing user and entity behaviour to detect anomalies that could indicate insider threats or compromised accounts is another significant aspect of effectively integrating cyber intelligence into SOC operations.
GAP Analyses in Cybersecurity
GAP Analyses in Cybersecurity
(GAP Analyses in Cybersecurity)
- Author(s):Nedko Tagarev
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Methodology and research technology, Management and complex organizations, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:58-64
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:GAP analyses; Cybersecurity
- Summary/Abstract:This article, part of a series on cybersecurity management, addresses the challenge of managing Cybersecurity as a process and a product. It explores the connections between the current situation, standards, and policies for self-control in the cybersecurity work environment while also highlighting the concept of GAP analyses for managing the main threats and defence mechanisms. The article provides practical example that demonstrate the real-world application of these concepts in different organizations, thereby assuring readers of the practicality of the solutions presented. GAP analysis is a commonly employed methodology across diverse fields including business, education, and project management. It plays a crucial role in assessing the disparity between the present state of affairs and the intended objectives. The acronym "GAP" encompasses "Goal, Achievement, and Performance," representing the fundamental elements involved in the analysis process.
Application of Digital Tools in the Educational Process
Application of Digital Tools in the Educational Process
(Application of Digital Tools in the Educational Proces)
- Author(s):Katia Kirilova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Social Informatics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research, Sociology of Education
- Page Range:65-68
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:Digital tools; Software platforms; Educational process
- Summary/Abstract:The present study is devoted to the problems related to the selection and implementation of digital educational platforms. The process is complex and difficult and very much depends on benchmarking. In order for this analysis to be effective, it is necessary to define the requirements for the software tools in advance. In conclusion, conclusions from the empirical analysis are formulated.
The Role of Data Management and Open Science in Supporting Digital Technologies at Universities
The Role of Data Management and Open Science in Supporting Digital Technologies at Universities
(The Role of Data Management and Open Science in Supporting Digital Technologies at Universities)
- Author(s):Plamen Milev
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Higher Education , Social Informatics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:69-75
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Data Management; Open Science; Digital Technologies; Virtual Reality (VR); Augmented Reality (AR)
- Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the roles of data management and open science in enhancing digital technologies at universities. It examines how these practices support the integration of advanced tools like big data analytics, machine learning, and immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). Effective data management ensures data accuracy, security, and accessibility, facilitating robust research and efficient operations. Open science promotes transparency, collaboration, and the democratization of knowledge, accelerating innovation and enhancing research reproducibility. The paper reviews current practices, challenges, and benefits, highlighting the synergies and conflicts between data management and open science. Despite challenges such as funding constraints, cultural resistance, technical barriers, and data privacy concerns, adopting robust data management and open science practices is essential for leveraging digital technologies in higher education. Recommendations for universities include investing in infrastructure, fostering a culture of openness, developing clear policies, and promoting collaboration. These strategies are crucial for advancing research capabilities and educational outcomes in the digital age. This work underscores the importance of continuous adaptation to keep pace with technological advancements and ensure effective support for digital transformation at universities.
Spectral Analysis the Wave Signal of Electronic Sphygmomanometer
Spectral Analysis the Wave Signal of Electronic Sphygmomanometer
(Spectral Analysis the Wave Signal of Electronic Sphygmomanometer)
- Author(s):Lubomir Lahtchev
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Sociology, Methodology and research technology, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:76-85
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Electronic sphygmomanometer; Spectral analysis; Wave blood pressure signal
- Summary/Abstract:The wave signal of electronic sphygmomanometer, recorded in personal computer provides whole information for the wave character of the artery blood flow. The corresponding function can be processed by discrete Fourier transformation described by a mathematic method in the paper. The algorithm consists of reducing the digital function to an acceptable size, discrete Fourier transformation and its graphic presentation. The frequency response covers wide range of the human spectrum and bears specific wave picks at given human frequency components. On their base, a general issue is formulated and suggested.
Crowdfunding as an Alternative Source of Investments in the Conditions of Economic Digitalization: Relevance of Use in the Republic of Moldova
Crowdfunding as an Alternative Source of Investments in the Conditions of Economic Digitalization: Relevance of Use in the Republic of Moldova
(Crowdfunding as an Alternative Source of Investments in the Conditions of Economic Digitalization: Relevance of Use in the Republic of Moldova)
- Author(s):Irina Dorogaia, Alexandr Scutari
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Evaluation research, Social Informatics, Financial Markets, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:86-95
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Crowdfunding; Crowdlending; Crowdfunding platforms; Digital economy; P2P lending
- Summary/Abstract:The relevance of the topic is associated with the increasing popularization of alternative sources of financing of entrepreneurial activity. Under the current conditions, the search for means to finance entrepreneurial activity is a priority task for both entrepreneurs and state institutions, oriented towards supporting existing and potential businesses. The purpose of the article is to describe the application of crowdfunding as one of the tools for alternative financing of projects in the current realities of building a digital economy in Moldova. The article describes the legal aspects of crowdfunding regulation as a new for Moldova legal institute of non-banking lending using the possibilities of online platforms. The paper considers the economic and legal essence of crowdfunding, the model of functioning of this institution, the opinion on the main advantages and disadvantages of this alternative type of lending, as well as outlines the prospects of development and possibilities of application of the new financial technology in our country.
A Combination of Investments in Renewable Energy and Heat Pumps in the Private Sector
A Combination of Investments in Renewable Energy and Heat Pumps in the Private Sector
(A Combination of Investments in Renewable Energy and Heat Pumps in the Private Sector)
- Author(s):Lesan Timur
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:96-103
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Electricity; Renewable energy; Investments; Energy prices; Net-metering
- Summary/Abstract:In recent years, Europe has faced an energy crisis, in terms of both the energy prices and the availability of energy supplies. The article discusses an example of the implementation of investments in solar panels, as well as a heat pump in a private household, and calculates the return on investment at the current tariff with net electricity metering.
Capital Structure of the Enterprise /Methodology and Methods for Analysis in the Context of Digitalisation/
Capital Structure of the Enterprise /Methodology and Methods for Analysis in the Context of Digitalisation/
(Capital Structure of the Enterprise /Methodology and Methods for Analysis in the Context of Digitalisation/)
- Author(s):Rositsa Ivanova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Methodology and research technology, Management and complex organizations, Social Informatics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:104-111
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Digitalisation; Financial and business analysis; Capital structure; Methodology; Analysis; Decisions
- Summary/Abstract:Digital transformation is a strategic process where various digital tools and technologies are used, such as scanning, computer networks, internet, satellite, social media, etc. This enables the processing, storage and transfer of information to users, irrespective of their location. Digitalisation gives enterprises the opportunity to create new and to build-up on existing processes.Nowadays, digitalisation becomes a key priority for many enterprises, since by digitalizing the business processes in the course of their operations, enterprises have the objective opportunity to overcome the dependence on their physical location, the remoteness of suppliers, customers and markets, the existence of appropriate infrastructure, and a number of other factors that affect their business. Thus, enterprises may implement timely and adequate measures upon the occurrence of any adverse trends in the development of the dynamic and competitive market, which is characterized by a certain level of entropy. The main body of this publication explains the nature of digitalisation, the advantages of its introduction and the requirements in the process of enterprises’ digitalisation. Based on this, opportunities for digitalisation of activities in the field of accounting and financial and business analysis of the enterprises are offered. The object of this study refers to the opportunities for digitalisation of the financial and business analysis of the enterprises’ operations, and its subject matter covers the digitalisation of the analysis of the capital structure of non-financial enterprises in the economy of our country based on the data of their financial statements. The publication highlights the opportunities to link the information contained in the enterprise’s balance sheet to the methodology and the methods for analysis of the enterprise’s capital structure. The aim is to achieve connectedness – within a single system, among information provision, methodology and methods for analysis of the enterprise’s capital structure, the analysis results and the adoption of justified and good decisions for its management. Within this system, data from the business analysis of development, the condition and the trends in the capital structure, with view of, and in relation to, the financial and investment policy of the enterprise, could be successfully integrated and used.
Specific Features of the Accounting of Insurers’ Expenses
Specific Features of the Accounting of Insurers’ Expenses
(Specific Features of the Accounting of Insurers’ Expenses)
- Author(s):Maia Natchkova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
- Page Range:112-119
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Insurers; expenses; accounting; financial statements
- Summary/Abstract:This publication highlights the specific features of the accounting of insurer’s expenses. Insurance expenses are specific depending on the type of insurance carried out - direct insurance, active or passive reinsurance. Special focus is also put on the types of the expenses that insurers establish, depending on the type of the insurance license they are holders of, and on the specific accounts to which established insurance expenses are booked on. The objective is to present, justify and outline the specific characteristics of the accounting of insurer’s expenses in terms of content, type and ways of occurrence. Information on insurance and other expenses received during the year must be disclosed in the insurers’ financial statements truthfully and accurately, in all material respects, in compliance with accounting rules, principles, concepts and conventions.
Possibilities of Applying the Bibliometric Analysis Methods of Scientific Publications on the Relationship Between Climate Change and the Number and Intensity of Forest Fires
Possibilities of Applying the Bibliometric Analysis Methods of Scientific Publications on the Relationship Between Climate Change and the Number and Intensity of Forest Fires
(Possibilities of Applying the Bibliometric Analysis Methods of Scientific Publications on the Relationship Between Climate Change and the Number and Intensity of Forest Fires)
- Author(s):Tsvetan Tsvetkov, Yasen Tsvetkov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Sociology, Methodology and research technology
- Page Range:120-127
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Climate change; Forest fires; Publications; Bibliometric analysis; Literature review
- Summary/Abstract:The paper is a logical continuation of a paper presented at this conference in 2022. It shows the results of the bibliometric analysis of a set of scientific publications on the issues concerning the relationship between climate change and the number and intensity of forest fires indexed in Scopus. The objective is to establish some quantitative characteristics of publications and trends in their development. The main analysed indicators are the number of publications on the topic and their dynamics over time, publication activity of the authors, scientific institutions – authors affiliations, number of citations of the publications, and keywords used.
Modern Techniques and Tools for Generating SQL Queries
Modern Techniques and Tools for Generating SQL Queries
(Modern Techniques and Tools for Generating SQL Queries)
- Author(s):Veska Mihova, Maria Marzovanova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:128-135
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:SQL queries automation; ORM; Query builders; Modern techniques
- Summary/Abstract:Nowadays all modern software systems contain a solution of some kind for generating SQL queries. In the form of an integrated library, a tool, or a framework, they are an inevitable part of the system’s architecture. They are technologies that make the communication between the database layer and the business logic layer happen in the easiest and the least error-prone manner. A lot of tools and techniques exist in the software development world, some of them good, others not. This article explores the innovative techniques and tools that are reshaping the way SQL queries are built in the modern era.
Using Code Generation in LLMs for Automatic Execution of Data Science Tasks
Using Code Generation in LLMs for Automatic Execution of Data Science Tasks
(Using Code Generation in LLMs for Automatic Execution of Data Science Tasks)
- Author(s):Venko Andonov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:136-142
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Data science; LLM; Data processing
- Summary/Abstract:Typically, most of the data science tasks start with data cleaning, preprocessing and feature engineering. The specifics of each one depends on the data itself as well as the final goal, and that is why it is not a straightforward process and requires human expertise and domain knowledge. The state of the art large language models (LLMs) have the capability to understand complex problems and generate programming code. In this paper, these capabilities are evaluated for proprietary and open source models and interpretation environments, for both public and private datasets in different domains. The results show that this is a feasible approach, but it requires the guidance of a human, especially for tasks that require specific knowledge about the data, its context and interpretation.
RAG Strategies for a Hallucination-Free University Admission AI Assistant
RAG Strategies for a Hallucination-Free University Admission AI Assistant
(RAG Strategies for a Hallucination-Free University Admission AI Assistant)
- Author(s):Venko Andonov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:143-149
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Retrieval augmented generation; University AI
- Summary/Abstract:The development of a LLM-based university admission assistant requires the use of up-to-date and factually correct information. The state of the art proprietary and open source models are prone to hallucination (generating false information because of a lack of specific real information in their pretraining phase), which might cause confusion for the prospective students. A set of retrieval augmented generation (RAG) strategies on different models are evaluated, that ensure that the models output up-to-date and factually correct information and are also able to use personalized data to help the prospective students with the application process. We are using a specific case for UNWE, Sofia, which also adds an additional requirement for the support of Bulgarian language in the conversation.
Features and Challenges of Natural Language Processing in the Modern Digital World
Features and Challenges of Natural Language Processing in the Modern Digital World
(Features and Challenges of Natural Language Processing in the Modern Digital World)
- Author(s):Yavor Tabov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:150-157
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Natural Language Processing; Natural Language Understanding; Natural Language Generation; Sentiment Analysis; Machine Translation; Question Answering; Text Classification; Speech Recognition
- Summary/Abstract:Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a rapidly evolving field focused on enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. This paper provides an overview of NLP, detailing some of its core features, such as machine translation, sentiment analysis, and speech recognition. It also explores significant challenges faced by NLP, including technical and linguistic difficulties. Finally, conclusions from the study are presented, summarizing the features and challenges of NLP.
The Cash of The Big Bulgarian Companies: What Do Their Cash Flow Statements Show and What Do Not?
The Cash of The Big Bulgarian Companies: What Do Their Cash Flow Statements Show and What Do Not?
(The Cash of The Big Bulgarian Companies: What Do Their Cash Flow Statements Show and What Do Not?)
- Author(s):Fanya Filipova, Teodora Zapryanova, Atanas Atanasov, Rumiana Marinova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:158-169
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Cash Flow Statement; direct and indirect method; IAS 7; SCF analysis; free cash flow; cash and cash equivalents
- Summary/Abstract:The subject of the study is the information about cash and cash flows of ten largest Bulgarian companies, which in recent years are almost constantly present in the annual ranking of the international insurance company Coface "CEE Top 500 Ranking". The researched period is between 2019 - 2022. The aim is to present and comment on several of the most important financial indicators, also used by banks creditors, calculated mainly from statement of cash flow (SCF) and their relationship with other statements of the annual financial report (with the profits/losses of these companies; with their revenues; with their indebtedness; with the net change in cash and cash equivalents, etc.). Based on this, the information is defined that the SCF directly does NOT provide, or is not visible in the SCF prepared by the direct method. Conclusions are formulated related to some identified gaps and weaknesses in the SCFs of the 10 Bulgarian companies, including the disclosure of the information (minimum disclosure requirements) related to them, according to the requirements of IAS 7. Through the research, an attempt is made to define the usefulness of the information from the SCF, but also to emphasize the need to check its quality, through cross-checking (binding) with other data in financial statements and through proposals for changes in IAS 7.
Challenges for Auditors in Relation to Disclosure of Sustainability Information in Financial Statements
Challenges for Auditors in Relation to Disclosure of Sustainability Information in Financial Statements
(Challenges for Auditors in Relation to Disclosure of Sustainability Information in Financial Statements)
- Author(s):Iavor Bachev
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Economic policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:170-173
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:Sustainability; Sustainability standards; Auditor; Materiality
- Summary/Abstract:In recent years, there have been global efforts to improve the role of sustainable development as a measure for controlling global warming. In June 2020, Regulation (EU) 2020/852 was published, which sets out six environmental objectives for businesses: climate change mitigation; the process of stabilizing the average global temperature below 2°C by 2050 and making efforts to limit it to 1.5°; adaptation to climate change; sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources; transition to a circular economy; pollution prevention and control; and biodiversity protection and restoration. The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) was founded in November 2021, and its primary function is to produce sustainability disclosure standards. Two years later, the board agreed and adopted the first worldwide standards for sustainability disclosure, IFRS S1 and IFRS S2. On 5.01.2023, Directive (EU) 2022/2464 on corporate sustainability reporting entered into force, which allows users of information to identify environmental risks and opportunities that are material to enterprises. The paper seeks to identify areas of concern regarding the regulation and auditing of sustainability information. The following tasks are set: outline the requirements of Directive (EU) 2022/2464 and the changes it involves in the accounting directive; define the specifics of the standardization in the Republic of Bulgaria, as well as future auditor requirements.
Analysis on the Applications of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Architecture
Analysis on the Applications of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Architecture
(Analysis on the Applications of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Architecture)
- Author(s):Bozhidar Bahov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Evaluation research, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:174-179
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Retrieval-Augmented Generation; Large Language Models; Vector Databases; Information Retrieval; Natural Language Processing
- Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the applications and implications of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures in various business domains, highlighting their ability to overcome the limitations of traditional Large Language Models (LLMs). Unlike fine-tuning, which demands significant computational resources and struggles with domain-specific nuances, RAG efficiently integrates external knowledge to deliver accurate and contextually relevant responses. The paper discusses the core components of RAG systems, including vector databases and retrieval models, and showcases their practical and business.
Unlocking and Exploring the Power of Unstructured Big Data Using Pentaho Business Analytics
Unlocking and Exploring the Power of Unstructured Big Data Using Pentaho Business Analytics
(Unlocking and Exploring the Power of Unstructured Big Data Using Pentaho Business Analytics)
- Author(s):Mariana Kovacheva
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:180-185
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Big Data; Pentaho Business Analytics; unstructured data; visualizations
- Summary/Abstract:This paper presents Pentaho Business Analytics capabilities for unstructured data and visualizations. It aims to provide what types of data integration are possible, the connectivity with Big Data platforms, as well as transformation and cleansing data, before using it for visualization, text analytics and ad-hoc analysis. Working with unstructured data is extremely difficult and for the user to be able to make conclusions after, and because of that when working with this type of data, there should be processes strictly followed.
Theoretical and Practical Financial Analysis of a Real Estate Intermediary Company and the Role of Software
Theoretical and Practical Financial Analysis of a Real Estate Intermediary Company and the Role of Software
(Theoretical and Practical Financial Analysis of a Real Estate Intermediary Company and the Role of Software)
- Author(s):Zlatan Enchev
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:186-197
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Financial Analysis of Real Estate Companies; Application of the DuPont System; Software
- Summary/Abstract:This paper presents Pentaho Business Analytics capabilities for unstructured data and visualizations. It aims to provide what types of data integration are possible, the connectivity with Big Data platforms, as well as transformation and cleansing data, before using it for visualization, text analytics and ad-hoc analysis. Working with unstructured data is extremely difficult and for the user to be able to make conclusions after, and because of that when working with this type of data, there should be processes strictly followed.The current research examines the nature of financial analysis of real estate companies, including real estate agencies, facility companies, and other similar businesses. A special emphasis is placed on the DuPont system and the possibilities of building analysis systems based on this model, in compliance with the legislation in the field of accounting in Bulgaria. The proposed analysis systems include an example of an approval conducted concerning one of the largest real estate agencies in the country – Address Real Estate Ltd. In addition, we pose the question of the contribution of the software in the implementation of the financial analysis. The use of software greatly assists financial analysts, i.e. its use saves time and effort in analysing relevant information. The methodology developed provides valuable information both to specialists dealing with real estates as well as to teachers and students engaged in the problems of financial analysis of real estate companies. The work presented offers practical tools and approaches that can be integrated in real business conditions to improve the financial management and analysis of companies in the real estate sector.
