Židé v Čechách 3 - Sborník příspěvků ze semináře konaného 6. a 7. října 2010 v Tachově
Jews in Bohemia 3 - Collection of papers from the seminar held on October 6 and 7, 2010 in Tachov
Contributor(s): Markéta Lhotová (Editor), Monika Hanková (Editor), Vlastimila Hamáčková (Editor)
Subject(s): Jewish studies, Museology & Heritage Studies, Economic history, Ethnohistory, Political history, Modern Age, Recent History (1900 till today), History of Judaism, Fascism, Nazism and WW II, History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism
Published by: Židovské Muzeum v Praze
Keywords: Jews; Czech Republic; minorities; Czechoslovakia; demography; ethnohistory; glassmaking; Nazism;
Summary/Abstract: On October 6-7, 2010 in Tachov, the Jewish Museum in Prague, in collaboration with the Museum of Český Les in Tachov and the State District Archive in Tachov, hosted the third seminar on Jewish history in the Czech Republic, focusing on modern issues and the history of Jews in border regions. The seminar included discussions on archival sources for Jewish history, demographic records, and the role of Jews in industrial and business development. Topics also covered the Aryanization of Jewish property and post-World War II restitution issues. Not all contributions were included in the proceedings, but efforts were made to publish them in a planned fourth issue. The authors are responsible for their studies' content, and the spelling of "žid" or "Žid" is left to their discretion.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-80-87366-10-3
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-80-87366-10-3
- Page Count: 178
- Publication Year: 2011
- Language: Czech
Archivní prameny k dějinám Židů na okrese Tachov
Archivní prameny k dějinám Židů na okrese Tachov
(Archival sources on the history of Jews in the Tachov district)
- Author(s):Jan Edl
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Ethnohistory, History of Judaism
- Page Range:3-21
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Tachov district; Jewish history; archival sources; Nazi occupation; property records; religious communities;
- Summary/Abstract:The archival sources for the history of Jews in the Tachov district are diverse and extensive, covering various periods and types of records. The State District Archive in Tachov holds significant materials, including census records, property registers, and documents from Jewish religious communities. These records provide insights into the Jewish population's social, economic, and religious life. The archive also contains valuable information on the impact of Nazi occupation and the subsequent communist regime on the Jewish community. Notable sources include the Jewish religious community registers, property records, and documents related to the administration of Jewish estates. The archive's collections are complemented by materials from other regional archives, such as the State Regional Archive in Plzeò. These combined resources offer a comprehensive view of the Jewish presence in the Tachov district, highlighting their contributions and the challenges they faced. The ongoing efforts to preserve and study these records are crucial for understanding the region's Jewish heritage. Researchers can access a wide range of documents, from legal records to personal narratives, providing a detailed picture of Jewish life in the area.
- Price: 4.50 €
Josef Schon-židovský historik Tachovska
Josef Schon-židovský historik Tachovska
(Josef Schön – Jewish historian of the Tachov region)
- Author(s):Markéta Novotná
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Regional Geography, Recent History (1900 till today), Fascism, Nazism and WW II, History of the Holocaust
- Page Range:22-30
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Josef Schön; Tachov; Jewish history; genealogies; Nazi occupation; Terezín;
- Summary/Abstract:Josef Schön, a significant figure in the Jewish history of the Tachov district, was born in 1860 in Uherský Brod. He moved to Tachov at the age of 43 and served the local Jewish community for 32 years. Schön's extensive research culminated in the publication of "Die Geschichte der Juden in Tachau" in 1927, documenting the history of Jews in Tachov and surrounding areas. His work included detailed genealogies, historical accounts, and descriptions of Jewish life and institutions. Despite personal hardships, including the loss of his manuscript in a fire, Schön persevered in his research. He faced further challenges during the Nazi occupation, ultimately being deported to Terezín, where he died in 1943. Schön's contributions remain a cornerstone of regional Jewish historiography. His legacy is preserved through his writings and the ongoing efforts to study and remember the Jewish community in Tachov. The State District Archive in Tachov holds significant materials related to his work. Schön's life and research highlight the resilience and dedication of Jewish historians in preserving their heritage.
- Price: 4.50 €
Získávání biografických údajů o židovských rodinách (kladenská rodina Bohmova)
Získávání biografických údajů o židovských rodinách (kladenská rodina Bohmova)
(Obtaining biographical data on Jewish families (the Böhm family from Kladno))
- Author(s):Irena Veverková
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Ethnohistory, Recent History (1900 till today), Fascism, Nazism and WW II, History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism
- Page Range:31-39
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Böhm family; Kladno; Nazi occupation; deportations; archival records; Holocaust;
- Summary/Abstract:The research on the Jewish family Böhm from Kladno, conducted by Irena Veverková, highlights the dramatic and often tragic experiences of Jewish residents in the 20th century. The Böhm family, who moved to Kladno in 1901, faced significant challenges, including the Nazi occupation and subsequent deportations. The family members were involved in various trades and integrated into the local community despite initial distrust. Detailed archival records, such as police registrations, school records, and property registers, provide insights into their lives. The family endured severe persecution during World War II, with many members deported to concentration camps. Otto Böhm, a notable family member, survived the Holocaust and later emigrated to Canada. The research underscores the importance of preserving historical records to understand the Jewish community's contributions and struggles. The study also highlights the broader social and political context of Jewish life in Kladno. The ongoing efforts to document and remember these histories are crucial for future generations. The project exemplifies the resilience and determination of Jewish families in the face of adversity.
- Price: 4.50 €
Obraz židovské komunity v poválečném Československu ve fondech 4. oddělení Národního archivu
Obraz židovské komunity v poválečném Československu ve fondech 4. oddělení Národního archivu
(Representation of the Jewish community in post-war Czechoslovakia in the collections of the 4th department of the National Archives)
- Author(s):Michaela Munková
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism
- Page Range:40-44
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:post-war Czechoslovakia; Jewish communities; State Office for Religious Affairs; property restitution; antisemitic policies; National Archive;
- Summary/Abstract:The archival sources for the history of Jews in post-war Czechoslovakia are crucial for understanding the relationship between the state and religious communities, especially after the February 1948 coup. The State Office for Religious Affairs, established in 1949, centralized church matters and controlled Jewish religious communities, including their finances and property. The National Archive holds extensive records from this office, detailing the administration and oversight of Jewish communities. Other significant sources include the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, which managed post-war property restitution and repatriation of Jewish refugees. The National Administration of Property Assets handled Jewish property confiscated during the war. These archives provide insights into the state's control over religious communities and the challenges faced by Jews in reclaiming their property and rights. The archives also contain documents on the persecution of Jews during the 1950s, including political trials and antisemitic policies. Researchers can access a wide range of materials, from legal documents to personal testimonies, offering a comprehensive view of Jewish life in post-war Czechoslovakia.
- Price: 4.50 €
K otázce židovského majetku v Karlových Varech po roce 1945
K otázce židovského majetku v Karlových Varech po roce 1945
(On the issue of Jewish property in Karlovy Vary after 1945)
- Author(s):Milan Augustin
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Economic history, Ethnohistory, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
- Page Range:45-50
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Karlovy Vary; Jewish property; post-1945; Arthur Maier; Villa Splendid; property restitution;
- Summary/Abstract:The archival sources for the history of Jewish property in Karlovy Vary after 1945 are extensive, documenting the transfer of houses to new ownership. The records, organized by cadastral areas and house numbers, reveal the varied fates of properties based on their type and the nationality and political history of their occupants. Karlovy Vary, predominantly German before and during the Nazi occupation, had a significant Jewish community that grew rapidly after 1850. Notable Jewish residents included Arthur Maier, a factory owner who built the luxurious Villa Splendid in 1898. After World War II, the villa was confiscated, and its owner, Marianna, faced severe hardships, including forced eviction and property confiscation. The villa, renamed Tajga, continued to serve as a spa house under the new regime. The detailed records in the State District Archive in Karlovy Vary provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of property restitution and the challenges faced by Jewish property owners in the post-war period.
- Price: 4.50 €
Židovské obce v západočeském pohraničí po roce 1945 ve světle matričních záznamů
Židovské obce v západočeském pohraničí po roce 1945 ve světle matričních záznamů
(Jewish communities in the West Bohemian border region after 1945 in the light of registry records)
- Author(s):Lenka Matušíková
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Ethnohistory, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949)
- Page Range:51-66
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Jewish communities; western Bohemia; registry records; post-war revival; emigration; historical context;
- Summary/Abstract:The study of Jewish communities in the western Bohemian borderlands after 1945, based on registry records, reveals the demographic structure and challenges faced by these communities. The Jewish religious communities in Karlovy Vary, Mariánské Lázně, Františkovy Lázně, Cheb, and Sokolov were re-established between 1945 and 1949. These communities were primarily composed of survivors and new settlers from Slovakia, Subcarpathian Ruthenia, Poland, and Romania. The registry records provide detailed information on births, marriages, and deaths, highlighting the social and economic roles of Jews in these areas. Despite the initial post-war revival, many Jewish communities struggled with declining populations and emigration, particularly after the political changes in 1948. The records also reflect the broader historical context, including the impact of Nazi persecution and the subsequent communist regime. The study underscores the importance of preserving these records to understand the Jewish heritage in the region.
- Price: 4.50 €
Demografické aspekty pobytu židovských uprchlíků z Haliče a Bukoviny v Čechách
Demografické aspekty pobytu židovských uprchlíků z Haliče a Bukoviny v Čechách
(Demographic aspects of the stay of Jewish refugees from Galicia and Bukovina in Bohemia)
- Author(s):Klára Habartová
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Ethnohistory, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), Demography and human biology, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939)
- Page Range:67-84
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Jewish refugees; Galicia; Bukovina; World War I; registry records; National Archives;
- Summary/Abstract:The study of Jewish refugees from Galicia and Bukovina in Bohemia during World War I, conducted by Klára Habartová, examines demographic aspects using preserved registry records from 180 Jewish religious communities. These records, stored in the National Archives in Prague, include birth, marriage, and death registers from 1914 to 1919. The research identifies two main waves of refugees: the first from October 1914 to August 1915 and the second from August 1916 to April 1917. The records reveal details about births, including the first refugee child born in Liberec in September 1914, and marriages, often re-registered due to previous ritual-only ceremonies in Galicia and Bukovina. Death records highlight the high mortality rates among refugees, particularly due to infectious diseases and harsh living conditions. The study also notes the challenges in accurately recording demographic data due to inconsistencies and duplications in the registry entries. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into the lives and struggles of Jewish refugees in Bohemia during the war.
- Price: 4.50 €
Hřbitov haličských a bukovinských uprchlíků v Havlíčkově Brodě
Hřbitov haličských a bukovinských uprchlíků v Havlíčkově Brodě
(Cemetery of Galician and Bukovinian refugees in Havlíčkův Brod)
- Author(s):Lucie B. Petrusová
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Ethnohistory, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), Health and medicine and law, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919)
- Page Range:85-92
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Jewish cemetery; Galician refugees; Bukovinian refugees; World War I; Havlíčkův Brod; typhus;
- Summary/Abstract:The Jewish cemetery for Galician and Bukovinian refugees in Havlíčkův Brod, established during World War I, is unique in the Czech Republic as it exclusively served Jewish refugees from these regions. The cemetery was created in response to the influx of Jewish refugees in 1916, who needed a dedicated burial site due to the high mortality rates from typhus and other hardships. The cemetery contains 241 gravestones or fragments, with the oldest dating back to 1746 and the newest to 1935. The gravestones, mostly simple and uniform, reflect the economic hardships of the refugees. The inscriptions are primarily in Hebrew, with some in Latin script, providing valuable historical and demographic information. The cemetery's establishment and use highlight the broader context of Jewish refugee experiences during the war. Restoration efforts have been ongoing to preserve this significant historical site. The cemetery serves as a poignant reminder of the Jewish community's struggles and resilience during a tumultuous period. The preservation of this cemetery is crucial for understanding the history and heritage of Jewish refugees in the region.
- Price: 4.50 €
Židovské obyvatelstvo v Českém Krumlově vletech 1850-1938
Židovské obyvatelstvo v Českém Krumlově vletech 1850-1938
(Jewish population in Český Krumlov in the years 1850–1938)
- Author(s):Věra Mašková
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, History of Judaism, 19th Century, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:93-103
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Český Krumlov; Jewish population; Spiro family; antisemitism; Nazi occupation; synagogue;
- Summary/Abstract:The Jewish population in Český Krumlov faced significant challenges and changes from the 14th century to the 20th century. Initially, Jews were allowed to settle in the area by royal decree, but they faced expulsion and restrictions in the late 15th century. It wasn't until the mid-19th century that Jewish families began to resettle in the town, contributing to its social and economic life. Prominent families like the Spiros played a crucial role in the local industry, particularly in papermaking. The Jewish community established a synagogue and a cemetery, and their children attended local schools. Despite their integration, the community faced growing antisemitism in the early 20th century, culminating in the Nazi occupation. During this period, Jewish properties were confiscated, and many community members were deported or fled. The synagogue was destroyed, and the Jewish population in Český Krumlov never fully recovered after World War II. The history of the Jewish community in Český Krumlov is a testament to their resilience and contributions despite facing severe persecution.
- Price: 4.50 €
Činnost židovské obce v Turnově na přelomu 19. a 20. století
Činnost židovské obce v Turnově na přelomu 19. a 20. století
(Activities of the Jewish community in Turnov at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries)
- Author(s):Pavel Jakubec
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Recent History (1900 till today), History of Judaism, 19th Century, History of Antisemitism
- Page Range:104-111
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Turnov; Jewish community; synagogues; antisemitism; Vilém Epstein; resilience;
- Summary/Abstract:The Jewish community in Turnov has a long history dating back to the end of the 15th century, with the first documented community appearing in 1527. After being expelled in 1557, Jews returned in 1622 with the permission of Albrecht von Wallenstein. Over the centuries, the community established four synagogues and a Jewish cemetery. Despite facing antisemitism and forced relocations, the Jewish quarter thrived, particularly in the 19th century, with significant contributions to local industry. The community's leadership included notable figures such as Vilém Epstein, who served as chairman from 1889 until his death in 1913. The early 20th century saw the reconstruction of the synagogue and the introduction of electric lighting. However, antisemitic incidents persisted, including attacks on Jewish businesses and schools. The community's resilience is evident in their continued efforts to maintain their cultural and religious practices despite these challenges. The history of the Jewish community in Turnov is marked by periods of growth, persecution, and perseverance.
- Price: 4.50 €
Role Židů v dějinách sklářství v českých zemí
Role Židů v dějinách sklářství v českých zemí
(The role of Jews in the history of glassmaking in the Czech lands)
- Author(s):Jitka Lněničková
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Economic history, Ethnohistory, Modern Age, Recent History (1900 till today)
- Page Range:112-118
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Jewish merchants; Prague; Thirty Years' War; potash trade; glass factories; aryanization;
- Summary/Abstract:The role of Jews in the history of Czech glassmaking spans from the Middle Ages to World War II. Initially, Jewish merchants likely imported high-quality glass from the Mediterranean. By the 16th century, Jews in Prague were involved in glass trading and possibly glassmaking. During the Thirty Years' War, Jewish participation in glassmaking became more evident, with records of Jewish glaziers and glass traders. The 18th century saw Jewish merchants dominating the potash trade, essential for glass production. By the 19th century, Jewish entrepreneurs owned significant glass factories, producing utilitarian and luxury glass. Despite facing antisemitism and economic challenges, Jewish contributions to the glass industry were substantial. The Nazi occupation led to the aryanization of Jewish-owned glass businesses, and many did not return to their original owners post-war. The history of Jewish involvement in Czech glassmaking reflects their resilience and adaptability in a challenging socio-economic landscape.
- Price: 4.50 €
Arizace některých židovských firem v Nýrsku ve světle archivních dokumentů
Arizace některých židovských firem v Nýrsku ve světle archivních dokumentů
(Aryanization of some Jewish companies in the Nýrsko region in the light of archival records documents)
- Author(s):Lenka Sýkorová
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Ethnohistory, Political history, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:119-125
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:aryanization; Nýrsko; Ekstein brothers; Franz Fremuth; Sudetenland; Jewish businesses;
- Summary/Abstract:The study of the aryanization of Jewish businesses in Nýrsko, based on archival documents, reveals the systematic approach of Nazi authorities towards Jewish property after the annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938. The Ekstein brothers, who founded an optical factory in Nýrsko, faced significant challenges during this period. Their business was taken over by Franz Fremuth, a long-time member of the Sudeten German Party, under the supervision of the Deutsche Allgemeine Treuhand. The factory, which employed over 500 workers, was eventually sold to Fremuth in 1939. Similarly, the Stein family, who owned a laundry business, had their property confiscated and sold under Nazi directives. The detailed records from the State District Archive in Klatovy and the State Archive in Landshut provide valuable insights into the processes and impacts of aryanization on Jewish businesses. These documents highlight the economic and social disruptions faced by Jewish entrepreneurs and their families. The study underscores the importance of preserving these historical records to understand the broader context of Nazi persecution and its long-term effects on Jewish communities.
- Price: 4.50 €
Osud rodiny Strossů a jejich textilky v Libavském Údolí
Osud rodiny Strossů a jejich textilky v Libavském Údolí
(The fate of the Stross family and their textile factory in Libavské Údolí)
- Author(s):Helena Kavková
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Economic history, Ethnohistory, 19th Century
- Page Range:126-136
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Stross family; textile factory; Libavské Údolí; modernization; aryanization; persecution;
- Summary/Abstract:The history of the Stross family and their textile factory in Libavské Údolí began in Hranice na Moravì, where Jakob Stross started a textile business around 1812. His son, Noe Stross, expanded the business, acquiring a spinning mill in Bìlá pod Bezdìzem. The textile factory in Libavské Údolí was initially founded by the Lenk brothers in the 1830s and later acquired by the Stross family. Sigmund Stross, Noe's son, modernized the factory and expanded its operations, including the acquisition of a coal mine to support production. The factory thrived under Sigmund's leadership, producing high-quality textiles and employing hundreds of workers. However, the rise of Nazism and the subsequent occupation led to the aryanization and confiscation of the factory. The Stross family faced severe persecution, with many members deported to concentration camps. Despite these hardships, the family's legacy in the textile industry remains significant. The factory was eventually nationalized after World War II, marking the end of the Stross family's direct involvement. The story of the Stross family highlights their resilience and contributions to the textile industry in the region.
- Price: 4.50 €
„Kolínská obuv je nejlepší“ - osudy továrny na obuv Zikmunda Feldmanna v Kolíně a jejích majitelů
„Kolínská obuv je nejlepší“ - osudy továrny na obuv Zikmunda Feldmanna v Kolíně a jejích majitelů
("Kolín shoes are the best" - the fate of the Zikmund Feldmann shoe factory in Kolín and its owners)
- Author(s):Ladislav Jouza, Miroslava Jouzová
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Economic history, Ethnohistory, Recent History (1900 till today), 19th Century, Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:137-163
- No. of Pages:27
- Keywords:Zikmund Feldmann; shoe factory; Kolín; Great Depression; modernization; Nazi occupation;
- Summary/Abstract:The Zikmund Feldmann shoe factory in Kolín, founded from a modest shoemaking workshop, thrived in the early 20th century as one of the progressive shoe factories in Bohemia. The business, involving multiple family members, faced intense competition during the Great Depression. Initially a small workshop established by Leopold Feldmann in 1857, it expanded under his son Zikmund, who modernized the factory with new machinery and increased production. The factory produced a variety of shoes, including luxury items, and exported to several countries. Despite its success, the factory struggled during the economic crisis and eventually closed. The factory building still stands today, repurposed as a hostel. The Feldmann family, including notable figures like Otto Reich, faced significant challenges during the Nazi occupation, with many members deported and killed. The history of the Feldmann shoe factory reflects the broader economic and social changes in the region, as well as the resilience of the family through adversity.
- Price: 4.50 €
Charakteristika fondu Stiko Reichenberg v Rakouském státním archivu ve Vídni
Charakteristika fondu Stiko Reichenberg v Rakouském státním archivu ve Vídni
(Characteristics of the Stiko Reichenberg collection in the Austrian State Archives in Vienna)
- Author(s):Markéta Lhotová, Vlastimila Hamáčková
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Recent History (1900 till today), Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Fascism, Nazism and WW II, History of Antisemitism
- Page Range:164-175
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:liquidation; Jewish organizations; STIKO; Nazi occupation; archival research; Czech borderlands;
- Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the role of the Stillhaltekommissar für Organisationen (STIKO) in the liquidation of Jewish organizations in the border areas of the Czech lands during the Nazi occupation. Initial findings were presented in 2006, revealing that the liquidation was a systematic process rather than a random occurrence. The research was based on limited materials from the State Regional Archive in Litomìøice and the National Archive. Further progress required research in the Austrian State Archive in Vienna, specifically the Stiko Reichenberg fund. This fund includes documents from the STIKO office and its Treuhandstelle, which managed entrusted property. The research aims to understand the role of STIKO, its relationship with other Nazi institutions, and the fate of Jewish communities and their properties. The findings will contribute to a broader understanding of the systematic persecution and economic exploitation of Jewish organizations. The article also highlights the importance of archival research in uncovering the extent of Nazi policies and their impact on Jewish communities. The study is part of a larger project funded by the Czech Science Foundation, focusing on the liquidation of Jewish organizations in the Czech borderlands annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938. The ultimate goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Nazi institutions' procedures in dissolving Jewish organizations and managing their assets.
- Price: 4.50 €
Ediční poznámka
Ediční poznámka
(Editorial note)
- Author(s):Author Not Specified
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Ethnohistory, Editorial
- Page Range:176-176
- No. of Pages:1
- Keywords:editorial; ethnohistory; Jews;
- Summary/Abstract:V říjnu 2010 uspořádalo Židovské muzeum v Praze ve spolupráci s Muzeem Českého lesa v Tachově a Státním okresním archivem Tachov třetí ročník semináře k dějinám Židů v Čechách. Stejně jako předchozí semináře - konané v roce 2006 v Liberci a v roce 2008 v Nýrsku - i tachovský seminář byl tematicky zaměřen na novodobou problematiku s důrazem na dějiny Židů v pohraničí.
Seznam autorů
Seznam autorů
(List of authors)
- Author(s):Author Not Specified
- Language:Czech
- Subject(s):Scientific Life
- Page Range:177-177
- No. of Pages:1
- Keywords:about authors;
