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Strategies and Development Policies of Territories. International, Country Region, City Location Challenges Cover Image

Strategies and Development Policies of Territories. International, Country Region, City Location Challenges
Strategies and Development Policies of Territories. International, Country Region, City Location Challenges

Contributor(s): Carmen Nastase (Editor)
Subject(s): Economy, Tourism
Published by: Editura Lumen, Asociatia Lumen
Keywords: International, Country; Region; City; Location Challenges;
Summary/Abstract: Proceedings Volume: The 14th Economic International Conference: Strategies and Development Policies of Territories: International, Country, Region, City, Location Challenges | May 10-11, 2018 | Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania

Series: LUMEN PROCEEDINGS. Scientific Conference Proceedings

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-1-910129-18-0
  • Page Count: 459
  • Publication Year: 2018
  • Language: English
The Demographic Trends on Pension Systems in Romania

The Demographic Trends on Pension Systems in Romania
(The Demographic Trends on Pension Systems in Romania)

  • Author(s):Tudor Colomeischi, Eugenia Iancu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Historical Geography, Applied Geography
  • Page Range:1-6
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Pension system; demographic trend; pension strategies; risk of longevity;
  • Summary/Abstract:Within national pension systems, the role of private pensions tends to become increasingly important. In support of this idea, we recall the conclusion that has been made by research that has taken place over time that the value of private pension fund assets has risen on average by 11.5% annually. The impressive value of assets becomes extremely tempting for investors who see extremely good long-term investment opportunities if we consider the amounts traded.The Romanian pension system has entered a continuous process of change, not always with positive consequences on the level of pensions. The truly significant reforms have only emerged since 2000, being favored by the country's accession to the European Union. Unlike other states, in Romanian the 2008 crisis affected the pension system especially in its public component.Private funds have resisted fairly well the problems that have arisen, partly because of the extremely prudent investment policy. The paper attempts to capture the pressures on pension systems, also making a series of forecasts on future developments in different hypotheses of the economic and social context.
A Cross-Region Panel Analysis of the Migration in Romania

A Cross-Region Panel Analysis of the Migration in Romania
(A Cross-Region Panel Analysis of the Migration in Romania)

  • Author(s):Iulian Alexandru Condratov
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Applied Geography
  • Page Range:7-21
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:Migration; labor market; education; macroeconomic modeling:
  • Summary/Abstract:The main objective of this research is to realize a macroecnomic analisys of modeling factors for labour force emigration at the level of development regions from Romania. In order to achieve this objective, the research is based on macroeconomic models development witch identifies, through explanatory variables, the main modelating factors of labour force emigration within a panel that comprises the eight development regions, analised with the help of data offered by National Institute of Statistics for the period 1990-2016.Taking into account the trends from the literature and the results of some empirical studies, we have built panel type models that estimate, based on statistical data for development regions of Romania, the main modelating factors of labour force emigration.The econometric analysis was based on the estimation of a panel model using the R Studio software package.We took into consideration the following hypotheses:There are specific defining elements regarding emigration of people from the eight development regions of Romania;The variables defined by number of graduates from high schools and colleges, unemployment rate and inflation rate have a significant positive influence over the number of emigrants;The variables defined by nominal average monthly net earning, average life expectancy and gross domestic product have a significant negative influence over the number of emigrants.
Dynamic Model of Knowledge and Lifelong Learning Strategy in Economic Growth

Dynamic Model of Knowledge and Lifelong Learning Strategy in Economic Growth
(Dynamic Model of Knowledge and Lifelong Learning Strategy in Economic Growth)

  • Author(s):Luminita-Claudia Corbu, Valentin Cristian Hapenciuc
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education
  • Page Range:22-27
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Knowledge; higher education; economic growth; competitiveness; Lifelong Learning;
  • Summary/Abstract:Knowledge is a central factor of production, which has a unique feature of an increase in earnings, and thus to increase their own values by means of both use and dissemination. Therefore, successful permanent exploitation of new knowledge in development of products, services, processes innovative is a highpoint in securing competitive advantage, on the one hand, but also for the sustainability of activities on the other hand, since knowledge means power and profitability.Knowledge carries both data and information, both through education and through practice, along with the dissemination and the use of their efficiency, which is a prerequisite for innovation and enhancing competitiveness. And as regards economic growth in the long term, the knowledge is the main engine of economic growth, when they are acquired, created, disseminated and actually used to increase economic development. Education plays an important role in economic growth theory demonstrating that efficient work based on knowledge gained during the 1950s 140 generates output for the function of production.The aim of this work is to reveal that the investment in knowledge is of strategic importance especially for the most developed economies. The model Lifelong Learning comes to complete our scientific, is regarded as the key these challenges. This approach considers that a population educated and trained appropriately is the key factor for future economic prosperity, promoting innovation, future economic growth and productivity, cultivation of life in the community, social cohesion and politics, and ultimately, obtaining a real democratic society.General procedure for the purpose of answering work, we have used the techniques of research: investigating secondary data and analysis on the contents of the main reports and studies of international organizations, such as World Bank- Human Development Report, European Lifelong Learning Indicators, the World Economic Forum and reports concerning the management of knowledge, education, and economic growth at the level of the member European Union. For analysis of the data were applied statistical methods and correlation analysis. The statistics show, the fact that, over time, the countries, the regions that have invested in education and training in the skills, took advantage and took advantage still from the economic point of view as well as the social these elections.
Tax and Income Tax on Buildings- Income Source for Local Budgets

Tax and Income Tax on Buildings- Income Source for Local Budgets
(Tax and Income Tax on Buildings- Income Source for Local Budgets)

  • Author(s):Cristinel Ichim
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:28-39
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:wn revenues; taxes; building; local budget; tax on building:
  • Summary/Abstract:In this article, we propose the study of the place and role we play in the local budgets of Romania "Tax and income tax on buildings". In the first part of the paper I made a presentation of imposed tax and tax on buildings, placing a special emphasis on how to calculate this mandatory tax in the case of residential and non-residential buildings.The research continues with the quantitative analysis of the budget indicator "Income tax and tax on buildings" on the basis of the data available in the Statistical Yearbook of Romania and highlights the place occupied by such income within local public revenues in Romania. The analysis shows that the income tax and the tax on buildings occupy a very small share in the total local budget revenues (around 6%) which suggests that it is necessary to rethink the current building tax system that applies in our country.
The Brexit Impact on the British Legal Order

The Brexit Impact on the British Legal Order
(The Brexit Impact on the British Legal Order)

  • Author(s):Alina-Paula Larion
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:40-48
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Equity; House of Lords; the British legal order; Brexit;
  • Summary/Abstract:We enrol our approach in the broader context of European Community life dynamics that, after the Treaty of Lisbon (2009), was strongly marked by the challenges culminating in the clear and firm intention of the UK to leave the European Union.The intent was finalised following a referendum in June 2016 with the activation of art.50 of the Treaty of Lisbon governing the right of states to decide to withdraw from the EU. Thus, on March 29, 2017, the London government began the withdrawal procedures from the EU. There are numerous and complicated economic, social, and legal consequences if the UK maintains its withdrawal position, although until the end of the transitional period (ending on 31 of December, 2020) it is possible to abandon this position and remain in the European Union.The “Eurosceptic” current is present, escapes from the economic and social spheres to contaminate the level of political life, putting the British in the face of a new dilemma: to remain in the EU with the renegotiation of Britain’s position or leaving the Union. The general perception was that the first solution is extremely difficult, so difficult to achieve practically. Therefore, the exit solution was preferred, with extremely serious consequences (some unpredictable) on social, economic and legal realities.The legal consequences are felt on two levels: the one of British modern law and the one derived from the ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights. Under British modern law, the legal sources are in increasing order of importance: common law and statute law. Britain’s accession to community life structures had the greatest impact on the British legal order, which had to be harmonized with Community regulations, creating new sources of law.The present article insists on the major influences of Brexit on the rule of law in the UK.
Analysis of the Relationship of Productivity between the Public Sector and the INTERSTAT

Analysis of the Relationship of Productivity between the Public Sector and the INTERSTAT
(Analysis of the Relationship of Productivity between the Public Sector and the INTERSTAT)

  • Author(s):Marcela Mitrita, Ovidiu Buzoianu, Amelia Diaconu, Ionut Victor Ratezanu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Human Geography, Scientific Life
  • Page Range:49-56
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Productivity; Public sector; Globalization; Reform;
  • Summary/Abstract:Scientific progress embodies and depends on open communication, a common discourse that has roots in rationality, collaboration, as well as an easy and regular flow and efficient information exchange. These ideals can be considered hypocritical by elite power and can be displayed or emphasized in many other ways, but they are even involved in the idea of science, but they are based on the phenomenon called globalization and its practical outcomes. Business, banking and commerce depend on the flow of information and are facilitated by new communication technologies. The hardware of these technologies tends to be systemic and integrated - computerized, televised, cable, satellite, laser, optical fiber and microchip technology combining to create a vast network of communications and interactive information that can potentiate any people on earth have access to any other person, and each time they make each byte the availability of information for each set of eyes in search.
Consumer Behavior during On-line Shopping

Consumer Behavior during On-line Shopping
(Consumer Behavior during On-line Shopping)

  • Author(s):Carmen Nastase, Monica Suzana Bîja, Sanda Grigorie
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Marketing / Advertising, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:57-67
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Marketing; purchase decision; e-commerce; consumer behavior;
  • Summary/Abstract:The main objective of this study is to offer a theoretical and conceptual basis to illustrate the differences that exist in the consumer’s behavior, during the online and offline purchasing processes. Afterwards, we want to identify a few basic factors which influence the consumers’ decision on whether or not to buy from the respective online channel. Finally, we will show the managerial implications of the way in which, the online sellers can use this knowledge to improve their online stores, to make them more attractive and get more online customers.
The Strategy of International Monetary Fund in the Recovery of the Post-Crisis Economy in Latin America

The Strategy of International Monetary Fund in the Recovery of the Post-Crisis Economy in Latin America
(The Strategy of International Monetary Fund in the Recovery of the Post-Crisis Economy in Latin America)

  • Author(s):Daniela Mihaela Neamţu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:68-82
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:GDP; financial crisis; economic growth; tax account; inflation:
  • Summary/Abstract:The IMF's past experience in Latin America is far from promising. The failure of the Argentinian economic program in 2001 was a strong blow to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), namely rescue policies and their effectiveness, diminishing the institution's support in both developing and developed countries. Our main concern is how one country deals with the policies proposed by the IMF and the degree of government freedom. This paper is an attempt to assess how much a country needs the IMF. Argentina's and Brazil's recovery experience following the devaluation of the national currency provides an interesting case of analysis. Following the 1999 currency devaluation, Brazil pursued a closely monitored economic policy supported by the IMF, while Argentina, after the 2001-2002 crisis, pursued a more independent policy that in many cases opposed the IMF's recommendation. This paper compares the performances of both countries, as well as the benefits of pursuing or not the IMF's "recipe" to get out of a foreigner that could come from the balance of payments deficit. As we can see, pursuing the "recipe" of the IMF does not ensure either success or failure. This paper compares the experience of both countries with which it has the best strategy for recovery. Economic performance shows us that both countries have come back in a similar way, highlighting the need for the IMF to engage in recovery.
Romanian Pharmaceutical Sector -Between Challenges, Opportunities and Market Threats. Legal Aspects of the Trading of Listed Companies

Romanian Pharmaceutical Sector -Between Challenges, Opportunities and Market Threats. Legal Aspects of the Trading of Listed Companies
(Romanian Pharmaceutical Sector -Between Challenges, Opportunities and Market Threats. Legal Aspects of the Trading of Listed Companies)

  • Author(s):Ştefaniţa Şuşu, Gabriela-Eugenia Leuciuc
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Marketing / Advertising
  • Page Range:83-89
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Capital market; shares; open-end joint-stock companies;
  • Summary/Abstract:Companies operating in the health and medical sciences will face this year not only with the challenges of an increasingly globalized market, but also with specific problems, both regional and national.While other large sectors, such as the food industry, are poorly represented on the Romanian stock market, the pharmaceutical sector is represented by the following six companies: Antibiotics, Biofarm, FarmaceuticaRemedia, MedLife, Zentiva and Ropharma. During 2014-2016, these companies recorded oscillatory developments in sales and the net result of the year, as a result of the price reduction for drugs, the need for law to separate wholesale distribution from wholesale, a significant reduction in discounts to distributors, with an importan negative impact on their margin.Globally, the pharmaceutical market is estimated to over $ 1 trillion,according the outcomes in 2016, while the top 15 companies accounting represent about 40% of the total.
Adult Education and Training - A Factor of Economic Development

Adult Education and Training - A Factor of Economic Development
(Adult Education and Training - A Factor of Economic Development)

  • Author(s):Livia - Elena Vranciu, Valentin Cristian Hapenciuc
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education
  • Page Range:90-99
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Vocational training; economic development; education; training programs; vocational training providers;
  • Summary/Abstract:Adult education and training is a factor of major importance for the development of the workforce, being the main instrument through which it can adapt to the new requirements of the knowledge-based economy. Improving the position on the labour market through the accumulation of new skills and abilities has a positive impact on the productivity increase of organizations and also on the market share, having as basis the rapid changes in all economic fields.At the beginning of its activity, adult vocational training in Romania was developing on a superficial and small market. Demand was dominated by the small individual consumer with low solvency, generally influenced by costs and not by quality.Romania's accession to the European Union and the adoption of European documents in the field of lifelong learning have led to a certain development of the adult vocational training market. Economic changes have highlighted the fact that training is necessary for employed persons to be competent at the workplace.This paper aims to briefly present the legislative and institutional framework in the field, to analyse the dynamics of the process of authorization of adult vocational training programs from 2004 to 31.08.2016 and also to present a critical analysis of the system of adult education and training in Romania.
Reflection of Business Activities by Mass Media

Reflection of Business Activities by Mass Media
(Reflection of Business Activities by Mass Media)

  • Author(s):Angela Albu, Andrei Saftiuc, Daniel Maftei
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:100-112
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Business environment; media; socio-economic information; finances and taxes information;
  • Summary/Abstract:In the current era of globalization, most people in society depend on information and communication to stay connected with the world. Information is the key to an efficient market operation and thus plays an essential role in all aspects of business, commerce and industry. An efficient and rich information environment allows economic actors to make informed choices, provides channel businesses to reach existing and potential customers, and supports public-private dialogue, including enabling environmental reform strategies business.Media is a tool to transfer information, concepts and ideas to the public (readers, listeners, or viewers). This tool is important in disseminating information, making it possible to exchange communication and disseminate knowledge that is vital to societies and cultures. Nowadays, the media is becoming more and more widely applied in more and more areas, being connected to all media technologies, not only limited to personal relationships, but also to business, where it plays an important role.In this context, we developed a research regarding the reflection of business activity in written media from Suceava County in the first months on 2017. We compared the main two local newspapers with the aim to identify how they have communicated the same information from business area (local and international) to the audience. We found out that there are differences, sometimes significant, between the two newspapers, and on this bases, we made a portrait of each newspaper.
Strategic Development Model in the Era of Globalization Case Study: Purcari Wineries Public Company Limited

Strategic Development Model in the Era of Globalization Case Study: Purcari Wineries Public Company Limited
(Strategic Development Model in the Era of Globalization Case Study: Purcari Wineries Public Company Limited)

  • Author(s):Mihaela Birsan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:113-133
  • No. of Pages:21
  • Keywords:Globalization; growth opportunities; international strategies; business management; partnerships; performance; wine industry;
  • Summary/Abstract:To succeed in this new era, companies must take a more nuanced approach to identifying and creating growth opportunities. Globalization involves economic and industry integration with the rest of the world, removing restrictions on imports and foreign investment. Many firms go global and orient themselves more and more internationally, making firms’ search for foreign market opportunities necessary in order to survive in this era of globalization.And more important to these firms it has need to adopt strategic decisions to try to succeed in international markets.For the company we are studying the questions are: What factors determine entrepreneurial decision-making in the process of internationalization? What kind of strategies the firms need to formulate while going international? Did the strategies implemented make the company more profitable one?
Characteristics of Entrepreneurs in Newly Created Companies. A Comparative Analysis by Romanian Development Regions

Characteristics of Entrepreneurs in Newly Created Companies. A Comparative Analysis by Romanian Development Regions
(Characteristics of Entrepreneurs in Newly Created Companies. A Comparative Analysis by Romanian Development Regions)

  • Author(s):Carmen Boghean, Mihaela State, Carmen Chasovschi, Carmen Nastase
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Marketing / Advertising
  • Page Range:134-145
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Characteristics of entrepreneur; newly created enterprises; development regions;
  • Summary/Abstract:Back in 1992, Adam and Schwartz have stated that in all Eastern Europe, privatization was fundamental for the transition from plan to market. The transition was supported by the entrepreneurial initiative, that took advantage from a new open economy [1]. The characteristics of the entrepreneur can influence in a major way the business success and development, the well-being of a nation being closely related to the intensity of the entrepreneurial activity. With no doubt, entrepreneurship is vital for the national economy, being an important growth factor and contributing significantly to the long-term prosperity. For the countries in transition, as Romania, the massive loss of jobs after 1990, determined by “the shrinking of the state sector”, was compensated partially by the small business sector that was the “main factor driving economic growth” and absorbed also the ”unemployment”. The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether there are significant differences in the profile of the founders of newly created enterprises (especially the level of education and previous socio-professional category of founder/manager) from developed regions in Romania during 2010-2016 taking into consideration the rural and urban areas. The research methodology is based on a descriptive analysis and application of a correlation coefficient, using the data collected from the Romanian National Institute of Statistics and from the website of the European Commission for the timeframe mentioned above.
Territorial Development - Disparities between the Developed and the least Developed Areas of Romania

Territorial Development - Disparities between the Developed and the least Developed Areas of Romania
(Territorial Development - Disparities between the Developed and the least Developed Areas of Romania)

  • Author(s):Florin Bran, Cristina Alpopi, Sorin Burlacu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Regional Geography
  • Page Range:146-155
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Territorial development; Regions; Living standards:
  • Summary/Abstract:Spatial development refers to developed areas and least developed, how it can be done better link between them and the manner in which less developed areas can catch up with the former. Every country that has reached the stage of development was faced, first, with differences of procedure. The fact that some regions grow faster is a good thing because it allows a faster global growth, a challenge for lagging regions and generate resources for solving the problems facing the country. For a more extensive development, attention should move from region to citizens.Decision makers should not focus on poorly developed areas, but on people living in these areas. Regions and economies are as strong as the people who live in them, and if these people will have access to opportunities and regions have. Generally, people are more productive when they are involved in activities that make them happy. Most often, underdeveloped regions cannot offer such opportunities. The role of public institutions is to facilitate citizens' access to opportunities, both at home and abroad and to support disadvantaged groups who lack access to opportunities like the rest of the population.This paper provides an overview of poorly developed regions in Romania and shows how residents of these areas can move closer to living standards and opportunities for those in developed areas.
Environmental Issues on The Trade-Related Agenda. Evidences from Romania

Environmental Issues on The Trade-Related Agenda. Evidences from Romania
(Environmental Issues on The Trade-Related Agenda. Evidences from Romania)

  • Author(s):Aurel Burciu, Rozalia Kicsi, Iulian Condratov
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Regional Geography
  • Page Range:156-165
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:environmental Kuznest curve; trade specialization; economic growth; tertiarization; deindustrialization;
  • Summary/Abstract:During the last decades, the problem of determination between trade, as one of the main driver of economic growth, and the quality of the environment has born dilemmas and debates which have exceeded the area of academic interest and have gained prevalence in international organizations and political circles. In our study, we aim to test the existence of a possible relations between the specialization of the Romanian economy and part of its environmental problems. Using the series of statistical data available for 1990-2014, firstly we have tested the hypothetical inverse relationship between national income and emissions of pollutants (SO2), or what we know as the Environmental Kuznets Curve. In the case of Romania, the results have confirmed the existence of such an inverted curve. Secondly, using the Merchandise Trade Specialization Index, we have questioned the possible influence of Romanian specialization in the production and consumption through trade on the pollution level. We draw the conclusion that far from being a kind of ”creative destruction”, Romanian deindustrialization after 1990 is rather a form of premature deindustrialization. In such a context, this evolution cannot be attributed exclusively to the economic growth, but it must be analyzed from a wider perspective, as a result of a complex of determinants.
The Involvement of Educational Stakeholders in the University Curricular Design

The Involvement of Educational Stakeholders in the University Curricular Design
(The Involvement of Educational Stakeholders in the University Curricular Design)

  • Author(s):Mirela Minică, Suzana Demyen
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education
  • Page Range:166-180
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:Education; curriculum; Bologna process, skills;business environment;
  • Summary/Abstract:The present paper aims to illustrate the importance of educational stakeholders involvement in shaping the university curriculum. In this regard, we tried to highlight both the role that education has as in the development of skills and competences of individuals on long term, but also the view of the business environment representatives concerning specific issues as: the relevance of the concepts studied during the academic years, the possibility of developing analytical and problem-solving abilities, the usefulness of an interdisciplinary approach. The second part of the paper presents a report which summarizes the results of the consultation of business environment representatives, regarding the development of the curriculum for the academic year 2017 – 2018, in the case of the master program entitled Marketing and Business Communication.
Improving Administrative Capacity in European Funds Absorbtion for Region South-West Oltenia

Improving Administrative Capacity in European Funds Absorbtion for Region South-West Oltenia
(Improving Administrative Capacity in European Funds Absorbtion for Region South-West Oltenia)

  • Author(s):Maria-Loredana Popescu, Carmen Valentina Radulescu, Dumitru-Alexandru Bodislav
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Financial Markets
  • Page Range:181-191
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Administrative capacity; European funds; financial capacity;
  • Summary/Abstract:The absorption of European funds is a process influenced predominantly by the managerial capacity of local and regional authorities and by the ability of Member States to provide the necessary co-financing. Thus, the managerial capability of the local authority in a Member State is the key to a high absorption rate of structural funds.This paper aims at revealing the poor situation of Romania’s European fund absorption rate and brings to light the situation in Romania, Region South-West Oltenia, in context of the Regional Policy applied by the European Union, which targets all regions of the EU, stimulating economic growth and improving life quality by strategic investment efforts.This policy of EU (European Union), is also a form of support which orientates the efforts towards all less developed regions, as South-West Oltenia.Most studies on the administrative capacity for absorption of structural funds focused on the analysis of national and regional administrations from a financial and macroeconomic perspective, and less on the administrative capacity of local authorities. The paper focuses on identifying the main factors of local authorities in absorbing structural funds, at the level of Region South-West Oltenia, Gorj and Valcea counties from Romania and finding solutions for increasing the level of absorbtion.
Specificity of Severe Material Deprivation among Rural Communities in the North-East Region of Romania

Specificity of Severe Material Deprivation among Rural Communities in the North-East Region of Romania
(Specificity of Severe Material Deprivation among Rural Communities in the North-East Region of Romania)

  • Author(s):Simona-Roxana Ulman, Costică Mihai
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Human Geography, Regional Geography
  • Page Range:192-207
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Severe material deprivation; rural communities; basic deprivation; consumption;
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper offers a perspective on poverty related to basic, but also consumption deprivation of two rural communities in the North-East Region of Romania, while attempting at emphasizing the signals of extreme deprivation that may be representative for disadvantaged rural areas at regional level. In this respect, we conducted a questionnaire survey that was applied to the residents of these communities. The results showed that, within the severely material deprived members of such communities, a sub-grouping in terms of deprivation levels was still possible, offering the possibility of better identifying their specificity.
Some Considerations Regarding the Cultural Built Patrimony of the Southern Part of Bukovina. A Literature Review of Relevant Contributions

Some Considerations Regarding the Cultural Built Patrimony of the Southern Part of Bukovina. A Literature Review of Relevant Contributions
(Some Considerations Regarding the Cultural Built Patrimony of the Southern Part of Bukovina. A Literature Review of Relevant Contributions)

  • Author(s):Ştefania Georgeta Ungureanu, Ovidiu Bata, Carol Mohr, Marian Olaru, Ştefan Purici
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Cultural Essay
  • Page Range:208-218
  • No. of Pages:210
  • Keywords:Cultural landscape; built patrimony; construction tradition; southern part of Bukovina;
  • Summary/Abstract:The cultural landscape of the southern part of historic province Bukovina (situated in North-East of Romania) is a resource for a sustainable development of tourism in the area, being considered that the tourist product and service supply combine Bucovina's main assets: nature and culture [1].Named the "Land of Beech", well known for its vast forests, Bukovina was the region where the woodworking craftsmanship has taken shape since ancient times.Here we can talk about a real development of the wood culture (wood was used to build the house, the barn, the stables, the gate and the fence, to make the furniture inside the dwelling, for example the dowry chest, the table, the bed, the dish shelf, the kneading-trough, the barrels, the spoons, the loom, the spinning wheel, the spindle, the towing torch). This wood culture was influenced by historical and geographic factors, it had particularities from one area to another regarding the working techniques, especially due to the influence of the German, Polish and Slovak colonists, who came to Bukovina after its annexation by the Austrians (1774).Recently, the preservation of cultural landscape, as a solution that contributes to a sustainable development of the region, was brought again to the attention of specialists. To have access to all written resources, could be a challenge, if we take into consideration that most of them were produced between 1960-1990, in a limited number, with a limited circulation. The present paper will result of the documentation work of the authors, that have centralized all bibliographic resources that are relevant for the material patrimony of Bukovina.
Community Participation in Tourism Destination Development: A Literature Review

Community Participation in Tourism Destination Development: A Literature Review
(Community Participation in Tourism Destination Development: A Literature Review)

  • Author(s):Ionuţ-Călin Căzan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Human Geography
  • Page Range:219-228
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Community participation; community involvement; tourism destination development; sustainability; community perception;
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of this article is to underline the way community is involved in decisions making regarding a tourism destination, how this process was developed during years and how it was studied before. Moreover, this research wants to find out, based on past researches, how communities are motivated to participate in tourism development, what are their benefits from involving in these activities and what is the importance of communities for tourism and their perception. While involvement and participation of communities in the tourism industry can be viewed in the decision making process and in the sharing of tourism benefits, community participation through employment brings more economic benefits directly to the household level On the other hand, participation is also open to a variety of interpretations arising from the fact that a ladder encompassing different levels of participation exists which often range from ‘only being told of’ to being able to influence or determine every aspect of the tourism development [5].
Trends in Medical Tourism in the Context of Globalization

Trends in Medical Tourism in the Context of Globalization
(Trends in Medical Tourism in the Context of Globalization)

  • Author(s):Gabriela-Liliana Cioban, Costel-Ioan Cioban, Alexandru-Mircea Nedelea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:229-240
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Medical tourism; treatments; medical services; tourist packages; the medical tourism market; quality of medical services;
  • Summary/Abstract:Medical tourism is a phenomenon that has been manifested for thousands of years and is now defined by the need of patients from the developed countries to obtain care and medical services combined with certain tourist facilities. Specialty literature emphasizes that this concept is used to designate a journey whose motivation involves a medical procedure or activities that promote the physical and mental well-being of man. The growing presence of patients from the high-income countries in countries with emerging economies and developing economies is explained by the fact that these countries provide high-quality medical services at low costs (a phenomenon known as medical outsourcing). Increasing the flow of patients seeking treatments abroad is a global phenomenon, linked to economic development that generates income growth and education. Tourism is and must become a profitable business, we must struggle with us and with the competition of other international tourism operators to promote our national values and also to gain a recognized position and increase our profits.The medical tourism market is growing worldwide, and it is estimated at around $ 100 billion. This study attempts to highlight a conceptual analysis of medical tourism, the trends of medical tourism flows possible development strategies of medical tourism, the medical tourism market, the implications of medical tourism on the economy and health systems, as well as the problems faced by medical tourism.
Advertising and Promotion in Rural Tourism in Romania. A Content Analysis of Social Media Advertisement. Case Study

Advertising and Promotion in Rural Tourism in Romania. A Content Analysis of Social Media Advertisement. Case Study
(Advertising and Promotion in Rural Tourism in Romania. A Content Analysis of Social Media Advertisement. Case Study)

  • Author(s):Răzvan Onu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:241-254
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Advertising; promotion; social media; innovative rural tourism;
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper describes a social media campaign, as a pre-launch stage, for an innovative tourism project, located in Romanian rural area. The process was started by creating social media profiles for the channels relevant to our target audience that we and our team are comfortable with (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, etc.). Depending on the type of campaign we’re running, some of these channels will be more relevant than others. Thinking about which networks our target audience is most likely to be active on and start building an online presence in the appropriate spaces.Social media is one of the best ways to spread the word about campaign in advertising and promotion. Once we’ve created the accounts we want to use, we were regularly rotating content, such as news, blog posts, images, videos or quotes. Consistently posting interesting, relevant content helped engaging with our followers and starting to build an online community. The content analysis can also identify and reach out to influencers in our space to help build awareness about teaser campaign and the innovative tourism product
Particularities and Trends of Tourism in the Central and Eastern Part of European Union

Particularities and Trends of Tourism in the Central and Eastern Part of European Union
(Particularities and Trends of Tourism in the Central and Eastern Part of European Union)

  • Author(s):Adrian Liviu Scutariu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:255-267
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Tourism; Central and Eastern Europe; Regions; net occupancy rates of bed places; average length of stay; tourism intensity;
  • Summary/Abstract:In this paper we aim to analyse some aspects related to tourism in the East and Central European regions of the E.U. Tourism become one of the most important economic activities in the world and also in the European Union. In the Eastern and Central regions of the E.U there is not a tourist activity as high as in other regions of the Union. However, the tourism tends to concentrate in some areas: seaside, capital cities and mountainous ones. The poor promotion and the poor infrastructure are the main brakes for the tourism development in the Eastern and Central Europe regions. We observed insignificant increases of the net occupancy rates of bed places and a slowly decreasing trend of the average length of stay. These facts can change also by the diversification of the tourist offer. Our correlative analysis revealed that in most cases the regions registering a high net occupancy rates of bed places and a high average length of stay, also record a high tourism intensity. So, diversifying the offer will contribute to the increase of the length of stay and of the net occupancy rates of bed places, bringing more incomes in the economy of the area and efficientizing the use of resources.
The Evolution of Tourism Destination: A Review of Literature

The Evolution of Tourism Destination: A Review of Literature
(The Evolution of Tourism Destination: A Review of Literature)

  • Author(s):Ioana Maria Dumitru (Tripon), Smaranda Adina Cosma
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:268-279
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Tourism; Destination; Tourism destination; Methodological review; Destination awareness;
  • Summary/Abstract:Tourism is about places and attractions embedded in the culture, economy and lifestyle of communities. The concept of destination is at the heart of tourism activity, being one of the most important and complex aspects of tourism. There is an intense competition in the tourism sector to establish tourist destinations as the greatest brands in the tourism industry and the fundamental element of any tourism model.This paper aims at presenting the progress of research on tourism destination term by conducting a methodological review on more than fifty research based articles (empirical studies), literature reviews articles, case studies, books, conference proceedings, conceptual papers and so on outlining the importance of the tourism destination concept.The research concludes that there is currently no definition of the term "destination", generally accepted and the concept of tourist destination has evolved mainly because of the increase in competition, the impact of new technologies and the changes in quantitative and behavioural demand. Such a review will provide researchers with a good understanding of the evolution and significance of the concept.
Rural Tourism Pressure Evolutions in Center Region of Romania

Rural Tourism Pressure Evolutions in Center Region of Romania
(Rural Tourism Pressure Evolutions in Center Region of Romania)

  • Author(s):Marian Zaharia, Rodica-Manuela Gogonea, Aniela Bălăcescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Tourism
  • Page Range:280-290
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Tourist flows; rural tourism pressure; seasonality; overnight stays.
  • Summary/Abstract:In recent years, agro-touristic boarding houses have occupied an increasing interest in preferences of tourists. This is a positive factor with direct implications on the development of local communities, on the one hand, by increasing income, and on the other by increasing the employment rate. Taking into account these aspects, the paper presents and analyzes the characteristics of the tourist flows in the agro-tourist boarding houses in the counties of the Centre development region, using a relative indicator determined like the ratio of the tourists' overnight stays in the agro tourist boarding houses to the number of the rural population in each county, between January 2010 and January 2018 The conclusions highlight both the increase of the phenomenon of seasonality and the accentuation of the discrepancies between the six counties of the Centre region regarding the valorization of the natural and entropic tourism potential of the rural communities in the this counties.
Quality Costs and their Financial Implications on the Performance of Organisation

Quality Costs and their Financial Implications on the Performance of Organisation
(Quality Costs and their Financial Implications on the Performance of Organisation)

  • Author(s):Rodica Ailoaiei, Elena Hlaciuc, Petronela Vultur
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Financial Markets
  • Page Range:291-303
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Quality; accounting; quality costs; performance;
  • Summary/Abstract:Lately, quality has become a fundamental variable in the performance of organisations. But efforts to increase revenue often lead to partially abandoning product quality. The effect is often disastrous for the organisations – from additional costs incurred in an attempt to remedy defects to losing their market share. Good quality management results in avoiding unwanted costs. Quality control is focused on the method used to achieve each component of the final product, while having a compliance standard as guideline. Therefore, it is obvious that by acting on the causes that lead to a decrease in quality, considerable savings can be made, both financially and in terms of market share. To ensure the effectiveness of this approach, we need to identify the quality-related costs, as detailed below.
Analysis of Public Debt Sustainability in EU Countries

Analysis of Public Debt Sustainability in EU Countries
(Analysis of Public Debt Sustainability in EU Countries)

  • Author(s):Niculina Anişoara Apetri
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Public Finances
  • Page Range:304-319
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Debt; public debt; debt sustainability. Debt; public debt; debt sustainability;
  • Summary/Abstract:Public debt is a topical issue facing many countries. Public debt has been and continues to be the subject of discussions on the need to identify new instruments to finance the general needs of society and to diversify current instruments for the procurement of public financial resources in addition to those foreseen in the consolidated general budget. Rising public debt may be sustainable insofar as the direction in which that debt is going is somewhat productive and allows for the reimbursement of that extra burden.The present study aims to present some considerations regarding the evolution of Romania's public debt, as this is a rather serious problem and a challenge facing our country at present. The research is based on a study on the public debt of Romania, a study that also follows the comparative approach of the evolution of public debt in Romania in relation to the public debt registered by other EU states.
Accounting and Tax Perspectives Regarding the International Road Traffic of Goods Activity

Accounting and Tax Perspectives Regarding the International Road Traffic of Goods Activity
(Accounting and Tax Perspectives Regarding the International Road Traffic of Goods Activity)

  • Author(s):Florin Boghean, Marius Blanaru
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Public Finances
  • Page Range:320-331
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Road traffic of goods; taxation; accounting treatment;
  • Summary/Abstract:At present, the significant problems faced by most economic agents are represented by the large amount of complex legislation, which is difficult to understand and apply, interpretable and sometimes contradictory to other laws. This is true for companies working in the field of international road transport of goods, a distinct field in Romania which is characterized by a period of growth that has accounted for 3.5% of the registered number of employees in the economy. In the paper I presented a series of additional information on the completion of individual labor contracts in order to obtain a favorable opinion in the case of an inspection carried out by the Labor Inspection Authority (LIA) supervisory bodies, the obligations and problems resulting from the Minimum Wage Law in Germany. I also proposed an alternative solution with a reduced tax burden for applying the provisions of the MiLoG Law. Regarding the research on the evolution of the transport activity this was done for the period 2010-2017 based on the data provided by the National Institute of Statistics and the Ministry of Public Finance.
Tax Fraud Due To The Ambigous Sportsman Tax Status

Tax Fraud Due To The Ambigous Sportsman Tax Status
(Tax Fraud Due To The Ambigous Sportsman Tax Status)

  • Author(s):Florin Boghean, Ioana Zumbaş
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:332-344
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Sports fraud; taxation; sports management;
  • Summary/Abstract:Sports activity has been analyzed over time by sociologists, doctors, sports analysts, and more recently by economists and lawyers. The overall objective of the paper is to tackle only a part of what would be generically called in foreign doctrine, sports accounting and its tax implications, namely the part that strictly aimes at the athlete, as one of the main actors not only of sports activity in the sense of competition, but also in terms of economic activity governed by legal norms. Our research aims, on the one hand, to highlight the fact that sports activity is an area of public interest, and on the other hand that it is necessary to research the accounting and tax implications in sport in order to reduce the impact of money laundering through this activity and to create a reasonable assurance to all the beneficiaries in this branch whatever they are (athletes, clubs, investors, fans).
IFRS 16 - Challenges and Opportunities in Adopting and Applying the New Standard Regarding Leases

IFRS 16 - Challenges and Opportunities in Adopting and Applying the New Standard Regarding Leases
(IFRS 16 - Challenges and Opportunities in Adopting and Applying the New Standard Regarding Leases)

  • Author(s):Veronica Grosu, Elena Hlaciuc
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:345-354
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:IFR 16; IAS 17; leasing contracts;leasing markets;
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the paper is to study the evolution of the global, European and national leasing market, but first of all to take into account the changes introduced by the new IFRS 16. Thus, it was found that although the Romanian leasing market follows the same trend as the European leasing market, Romania prove to be more susceptible to negative changes in the economy. Moreover, economically developed countries account the highest part of the financing through leasing. This demonstrates that leasing cannot evolve without being closely linked to the economic development of the country in which it operates as product.
A Short Incursion into the Accounting of the Middle Ages

A Short Incursion into the Accounting of the Middle Ages
(A Short Incursion into the Accounting of the Middle Ages)

  • Author(s):Veronica Grosu, Elena Hlaciuc
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Accounting - Business Administration
  • Page Range:355-360
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Accounting history; accounting theory; double entry;
  • Summary/Abstract:The present paper is intended to illustrate a period of complete significance in which, from a doctrinal point of view, accounting has been marked by two major phenomena, namely, the definitive setback of the theory centered on the value accounts and on the patrimonial system, therefore the decline of accounting as scientific discipline, and the rise of the business economy, in close connection with renouncing to the patrimony optic and focusing on performance or revenue.
Tools Designed to Analyze the Enterprise Economic Risk and its Usefulness for Forecasting and Managerial Control

Tools Designed to Analyze the Enterprise Economic Risk and its Usefulness for Forecasting and Managerial Control
(Tools Designed to Analyze the Enterprise Economic Risk and its Usefulness for Forecasting and Managerial Control)

  • Author(s):Camelia Cătălina Mihalciuc
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:361-374
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Economic risk; break-even point; coverage factor; the leverage coefficient;
  • Summary/Abstract:Risk is a challenge for any enterprise, because at the time when we identify the risk, it cannot be totally canceled, being assumed different depending on the different attitude. Thus, in the study of risk analysis, it is appreciated that, essentially, there are two categories of variables that cause the greatest sensitivity of the result indicators: the cost structure, being considered the main cause of the economic risk, and the financial structure of the enterprise, which has the potential to determine the financial risk. The size of the operating risk is conditioned by the enterprise's ability to efficiently manage the cost structure and to take into account the fact that it develops unequal sensitivity to activity level variations because some expenditure vary (proportionally or non-proportionally) to the volume of activity, being categorized as variable costs, and another category of expenditure is low or almost of insignificant variability depending on the volume of activity variation, being considered as fixed or structure expenditure, these costs lead to a decrease in enterprise flexibility as they do not have the property to adapt when the volume of activity is changing. Based on these considerations, in the methodological approach of this paper we considered the way of determining the economic risk for two economic entities, which operate in the same geographical area, having the same object of activity, through the instrumentation used in cost-volume analysis, this model of analysis is also a useful tool for forecasting and managerial control.
The Dimension and Dynamics of Tax Revenues. A Vision on the EU Level

The Dimension and Dynamics of Tax Revenues. A Vision on the EU Level
(The Dimension and Dynamics of Tax Revenues. A Vision on the EU Level)

  • Author(s):Gheorghe Moroşan, Laurenția-Elena Scurtu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:375-395
  • No. of Pages:21
  • Keywords:tax revenues; welfare state; direct taxes; indirect taxes; social contributions;
  • Summary/Abstract:Captives of the mutation to a so-called intangible economy, the recent history, and the economic and social trends, shows that the competitive or the power differences between economies/societies derive, today, from the differences of intangible assets that each of them has. If this assertion remains a desideratum in the structure of the economic sciences, aiming at pragmatic consecration, the current economic landscape gives us a more realistic picture of the dynamics, welfare and competition of the world's economies. In the sense of the above mentioned, it is remarked that the international economic space, especially the one geographically delimited by the EU, still shows a clear focus on the ability of economies and political decision-makers to ensure the social well-being of different economic and social entities (population, companies, as well as of the state, per se) on the account of the ability to collect significant tax revenues from the population. Thus, the present paper was based on a comparative study at the level of the EU countries, referring to the size and dynamics of the public resources (the characteristics and particularities of some of the tax systems, the taxation and the collection methods, the relevant fiscal domains or charging new taxes) as the title, obviously, suggests.
Performing Cost-Benefit Analysis for Funding Projects

Performing Cost-Benefit Analysis for Funding Projects
(Performing Cost-Benefit Analysis for Funding Projects)

  • Author(s):Lucia Moroşan-Dănila
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Financial Markets
  • Page Range:396-405
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Cost-Benefit Analysis; financing, funding projects; benefit; risk;
  • Summary/Abstract:Cost-Benefit Analysis is an analytical tool used to estimate (in terms of benefits and costs) the socio-economic impact due to the implementation of certain actions and / or projects. The impact has to be assessed against predetermined objectives, with the analysis usually taking place by taking into account all individuals affected by the action, either directly or indirectly. The paper presents the importance of Cost-Benefit Analysis for companies that want to access non-reimbursable funds (from the European Commission's budget or national budget), but also its impact on the decision of the financiers to grant funds to the applicant companies. Cost-Benefit Analysis forecasts will positively impact company’s activity? Is CBA real or shows processed information only to determine the financer to give the financing? Who really benefits from the forecasts? These are questions stay unanswered, because the risks and uncertainties to which companies are subjected daily, does no guaranties for future developments and situation, non the less a CBA. The CBA stay only a prediction.
Tax Evasion in Romania – between Past and Present

Tax Evasion in Romania – between Past and Present
(Tax Evasion in Romania – between Past and Present)

  • Author(s):Marian Socoliuc, Camelia Cătălina Mihalciuc, Gabriela Comulese
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Economy, Public Finances
  • Page Range:406-412
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Tax evasion; Romania; abuse of law; tax fraud; tax avoidance; informal economy;
  • Summary/Abstract:The main purpose of this article is to study the concept of tax evasion by reference to the Specialty literature, as well as to the current and past regulatory framework in Romania. It can be noticed that, an official definition is not attributed by the law in force to the phrase "tax evasion", which mainly deals with the manifestations of the phenomenon and the penalties and sanctions applicable in case of violation of the law. In this context, this article presents a self-defined definition of tax evasion, including by reporting and delimiting it against neighboring concepts, namely abuse of law, avoidance of taxation, informal economy and tax fraud.
Illustrating the Relationship Between Accounting and Taxation – A Romanian Approach. The Ishikawa Diagram

Illustrating the Relationship Between Accounting and Taxation – A Romanian Approach. The Ishikawa Diagram
(Illustrating the Relationship Between Accounting and Taxation – A Romanian Approach. The Ishikawa Diagram)

  • Author(s):Cristina Timofte (Coca), Simona-Maria Tanasă (Brînzaru)
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Public Finances
  • Page Range:413-420
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Accounting; taxation; cause and effect; the Ishikawa diagram;
  • Summary/Abstract:It can be stated that in Romania there is a clear dependence of taxation on accounting that one can argue biases the quality of the information provided by the accounting information system. In this paper the authors analyzed, by use of environmental analysis and different methodological methods several possible causes that conduct to the statement of the following paradigm: “The accounting information quality is biased by taxation”. In order to achieve this, as an environmental analysis tool the Ishikawa diagram or cause-effect diagram was used. The main findings are that in Romania, to a large extent, accounting is not disconnected from taxation, although steps were made in this direction through the adoption and implementation by the listed companies of the IFRS. There can be noticed a book-tax alignment tendency in what concerns the accounting result and the tax result, although there are regulatory differences meant to address the possible temptation towards the manipulation of the accounting result by the taxpayer. To some extent it can be argued that the main user of the financial reports issued according to accounting rules and regulations is mainly the state and to a smaller extent the other stakeholders and that sometimes professional judgments made by specialists when choosing accounting policies and treatments are influenced by taxation.
Stage Arts Social MediaMarketing - An Essential Measure to Ensure the Domain’s Future Evolution

Stage Arts Social MediaMarketing - An Essential Measure to Ensure the Domain’s Future Evolution
(Stage Arts Social MediaMarketing -An Essential Measure to Ensure the Domain’s Future Evolution)

  • Author(s):Daniela Andreea Caraba
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Marketing / Advertising, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:421-433
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Social media; communication; stage arts marketing; online campaign; target audience;
  • Summary/Abstract:Stage arts marketing and artistic marketing are new and under development concepts. They appeared as a result of the need for development and modern approach in order for the artistic products to survive on a competitive and dynamic XXI century market. This paper aims at presenting and discussing one of the most practical measures that can be applied in order to ensure the domain’s future evolution: the social media marketing approach in order to create and attract new artistic market segments. The article includes a market research comparing stage arts attenders that were targeted in an online social media campaign with the attenders that came from offline different sources. The paper concludes with extracting a separate profile on the two categories, the differences and similarities between them and, most importantly, observations and opportunities to be considered in future researches.
Techniques used in Artificial Intelligence for Selecting Waste by Category for Bio-Processing

Techniques used in Artificial Intelligence for Selecting Waste by Category for Bio-Processing
(Techniques used in Artificial Intelligence for Selecting Waste by Category for Bio-Processing)

  • Author(s):Eugenia Iancu, Aurel Burciu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Sociology, Scientific Life
  • Page Range:434-440
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Recognition form; ,waste; artificial intelligence; database; knowledge;
  • Summary/Abstract:Waste, the inevitable result of human activity is a topical issue due to quantitative growth and diversification; their degradation is a danger to the environment and for the health of the population. The development environments of knowledge - based systems currently existing have interface components with high level, object - oriented programming languages, database management, etc., and some applications of artificial intelligence are developed in languages such as C, Prolog, ADA, etc. In this context, the main components of a system based on knowledge in the selection of waste models are: Creating and administering the database, Database Query, Statistical Data Processing, Artificial Intelligence Applications.Data and knowledge to be stored and processed within a system in the waste domain refer to certain categories that are subject to recycling and aggression of environmental factors. The waste description and experiments in this area generate two categories of data, namely: 1. descriptive data, 2. experimental data. The data that describes the source material of the waste (descriptive data) is predominantly knowledge that will be represented in the database within an evolutionary universal data structure.In this paper are presented a series of theoretical aspects regarding one of the techniques used in artificial intelligence, namely the recognition of forms for selection waste patterns. Form recognition is a technique of artificial intelligence, which has as object classification of a set of objects, processes or events, regardless of their nature. Given a division into classes of known forms, it must be indicated to which class belongs an unknown form. Determination of belonging to a class is done taking into account the similarity of the unknown form to the forms of the class.
The Need of Cryptocurrency on Today’s Market and the Evolution of the Needed Processing Power

The Need of Cryptocurrency on Today’s Market and the Evolution of the Needed Processing Power
(The Need of Cryptocurrency on Today’s Market and the Evolution of the Needed Processing Power)

  • Author(s):Stefan Sfitchi
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Marketing / Advertising, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:441-448
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Need of cryptocurrencies; evolution of crypto; processing power; crypto market;
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper intends to review the need of cryptocurrency on the European and International market. Why cryptocurrency is bad and good at the same time for the international financial market is one of the main issues of this paper. Where are Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin going to and why cryptocurrencies are necessary on today’s market. Although there is no sure thing on crypto, on the long term, the market keeps going up and there is much interest in this direction.
IT&C Under the Pressure of Economic Competition and Political Decision

IT&C Under the Pressure of Economic Competition and Political Decision
(IT&C Under the Pressure of Economic Competition and Political Decision)

  • Author(s):Doru E. Tiliute
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):National Economy, Politics and Identity
  • Page Range:449-459
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:IT&C; privacy, competition; misleading information; polices;
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper presents a personal perspective on the most recent disclosures on how information technology was used to break laws, to change buyers' behaviour by making them buy new and more expensive products, or even risking the safety and the life of the consumers and other people.
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