Tito - Viđenja i tumačenja

Josip Broz Tito: Različite istorijske perspektive

Josip Broz Tito: Različite istorijske perspektive
(Josip Broz Tito: Different Historical Perspectives)

Author(s):Latinka Perović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Governance, Political history, International relations/trade, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism
Page Range:19-27
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; historiography; society; Communist Party; Yugoslavia; international politics;
Summary/Abstract:The interpretation of the personality of Josip Broz Tito based on researches can hardly be put into accordance with ideological opinions aired both during his historical activity and after the colapse of socialism and Yugoslavia. Therefore there is a fundamental need to contextualize the personality of Josip Broz Tito within the framework of Yugoslav and world history in which he also has his place, particularly in the context of break with Stalin in 1948. The appearance and activity of Josip Broz Tito was no accident in the Yugoslav history. It is the expression of contradictions of social development in the interwar period with historical roots that are much deeper than the revolutionary change of power in 1945. In that context, it isn’t enough just to register that the personality cult existed, but it is necessary to explain its genesis and the very possibility of the cult’s existence. PerspectivesonTito'spersonality are various: the wartime commander, Yugoslav and world statesman, renegade of the international communist movement at the time of its unanimity, decades-long Party chief. The communist component is without doubt decisive in viewing Tito. It is decisive both in domestic political and international context that was marked by the rift of 1948, but also by not giving up the communist idea. Particularly interesting is the perspective viewing Tito in the context of domestic politics, as a leader of a socialist country that changed fast - to be sure, within the given socialist formula. Without insight into the starting point of the results after 1945 every assesment of those results would be inconvincible. However, undisputed will remain the fact that in many ways progress was made that doesn't cast even a shadow of doubt for anyone realistically assessing an epoch and its protagonists. Especially important is the capability of Josip Broz Tito to establish a direct consensus, bypassing institutions even of the party-state. This was the result of social resonance with which the ideas of social equality, self-management and brotherhood and unity met. From that corner he received support to remove from the Party those „who wouldn’t obey" and those who were „putting spokes in our wheels". Indespensible for an assesment of political activity of Josip Broz Tito is his balancing ability in which he excelled. This goes both for domestic and foreign policy and particularly for the relation between the ideological dogma and political practice. It was the matter of objective complexity and therefore it cannot be simplified even in interpretation without damage to historical cognition.

Price: 4.50 €

„Bratstvo i jedinstvo" u političkom govoru jugoslovenskih komunista 1919-1945. godine

„Bratstvo i jedinstvo" u političkom govoru jugoslovenskih komunista 1919-1945. godine
(„Brotherhood and Unity" in Political Parlance of the Yugoslav Communists 1919-1945)

Author(s):Drago Roksandić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Civil Society, Political history, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), History of Communism, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:28-42
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; Communist Party of Yugoslavia; brotherhood and unity; political instrumentalization;
Summary/Abstract:The language practice of the Yugoslav antifascism between 1941 and 1945 was symbolically best recognizable in two phrase slogans: „Death to fascism - freedom to the people!" and „brotherhood and unity". None of them was a subject of scholarly research so far. This paper historiographically opens the problem trying to make a critical contribution to reflections on this form of the antifascist heritage. Whereas the slogan „Death to fascism - freedom to the people!" came into being in the years of the fascist ascent on the eve of WWII and was no Yugoslav specialty and disappeared gradually after the war, the slogan „brotherhood and unity" is of much more complicated origin and of longer duration. The subject matter of this paper is the concrete historical contextualization of the slogan and its appropriation by the Yugoslav communists in the time before 1945 when it doubtlessly became one of the legitimizing principles of the FPR/SFR of Yugoslavia. The personal contribution of Josip Broz Tito to the formulation of the „brotherhood and unity" slogan in the late 1930s during the People’s Front strategy of the Communist International and redefinition of its relation towards Yugoslavia is in the focus of the author’s attention. The slogan reached the peak of its mobilization and emancipation potential in 1943/44 in the People’s Liberation Movement and the formation of the AVNOJ Yugoslavia. Further appropriations of the „brotherhood and unity" principle however conducive to the development of the Yugoslav federalism, were limited by one-party and mandatory nature of the political system and the charismatic status of Josip Broz Tito that were instrumentalized by the Yugoslav communists, even to the level of political repression, and thereby its negation.

Price: 4.50 €

Jugoslovenstvo Josipa Broza Tita: kontinuitet ili diskontinuitet?

Jugoslovenstvo Josipa Broza Tita: kontinuitet ili diskontinuitet?
(Tito's Yugoslavism: Continuity or Discontinuity?)

Author(s):Jovo Bakić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Governance, Political history, Government/Political systems, Politics and society, History of Communism, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:43-57
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:Tito; Yugoslavism; continuity; discontinuity; Serbian variant of Yugoslavism; Croatian variant of Yugoslavism; communist Yugoslavism;
Summary/Abstract:The paper considers Josip Broz Tito’s relation towards Yugoslavism, and perception of his Yugoslavism in Anglo-American and Yugoslav Cold War and post-Cold War historiography. It answers the question whether Tito could have had independent view of Yugoslavism in relation to the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and the League of the Communists of Yugoslavia, which he led continuously for 43 years between 1937 and 1980. Therefore, in context of structural interconnectedness of the authoritarian Party, and after the WWII authoritarian Party and state, and its leader, one has to investigate Tito’s relation towards national question in Kingdom and socialist Yugoslavia. Main hypothesis is that an authoritarian party and its leader cannot hold different views of such an important question as national one is in a multinational political community. In other words, he was able to influence decisively on programmatic documents of the CPY (LCY) and definitions of recognized national categories in the population censuses, and they had to reflect convictions of the leader. However, these documents had remained unchanged between 1937 and 1980 in terms of Yugoslavia as a multinational federation, and the censuses had never had an unambiguously used national label ‘Yugoslav’. That is why rare occasions when Josip Broz delivered speeches in favor of a ‘Yugoslav nation’ between 1948 and 1956 meant that he only tactically used Yugoslavism before foreign and domestic public in order to empower Yugoslav resistance and Western support to it against the Stalin USSR. As danger of the USSR had become weaker after Stalin death, Tito's tactical national Yugoslavism came back to strategic communist minimal Croatian variant of Yugoslavism and Yugoslavia as a multinational, and not national state.

Price: 4.50 €

Josip Broz Tito i jugoslovenski federalizam (1963-1974)

Josip Broz Tito i jugoslovenski federalizam (1963-1974)
(Josip Broz Tito and the Yugoslav Federalism (1963-1974))

Author(s):Milivoj Bešlin
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Governance, Political history, Government/Political systems, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Inter-Ethnic Relations, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:58-85
No. of Pages:28
Keywords:Yugoslav federalism; centralism; decentralization; national question; Josip Broz Tito;
Summary/Abstract:After 1945 Yugoslavia functioned as a de facto pseudofederation, although as a complex community was determined by the equality of all peoples and related minorities. The dominant centrist paradigm changed evolutionary, with permanent and lasting effects on the society. The 1963 constitution, the Eighth Congress of the LCY, and mostly three sets of constitutional amendments adopted 1967-1971, and the 1974 constitution marked the turning point in the essential change of character of Yugoslav federalism in order to achieve full national equality. Tito's role in the transformation of the federalist framework, although not operational, was inevitable, and expressed through support for new solutions which all people were satisfied with. Yugoslavia became the satisfactory framework for much of its citizens.

Price: 5.00 €

Tito: Glavna ličnost, vođa... uz druge Ili kako dovesti u pitanje mit o imobilizmu za vreme socijalizma

Tito: Glavna ličnost, vođa... uz druge Ili kako dovesti u pitanje mit o imobilizmu za vreme socijalizma
(Tito: The Main Character, Leader... Along with the Others or How to Challenge the Myth of Immobilism Socialism)

Author(s):Katrin Litar Tavar
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Political history, Government/Political systems, Sociology of Culture, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:89-100
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Social facts; Titoism; Tito; responsibility; independence; individuality; conflict; cult of personality; memory; oblivion;
Summary/Abstract:Réfutant la théorie du totalitarisme, j’ai envisagé le fonctionnement du titisme sous l’angle de la responsabilité, de l’autonomie et de l’individualité. La société yougoslave a été appréhendée dans son ensemble avec ses particularités, de façon à appréhender la réalité sociale avec ses tensions, ses revendications et les stratégies mises en place par les acteurs sociaux, tout en démontrant que Tito et le Parti communiste n’étaient pas aussi rassembleurs qu’ils ne le paraissaient Si la violence des années 1990 en a surpris plus d’un, c’est précisément (et on peut en dire autant du cas soviétique) parce que la dynamique sociale, les mutations, les transformations de la société civile et du système politique n’étaient pas prises en compte. Pour appréhender le titisme, l’article analyse l’acteur social, le culte de la personnalité, le mythe de la Fédération yougoslave, et le processus de la mémoire et de l'oubli du titisme, afin de montrer en quoi la transformation radicale du passé est incontestablement nuisible au présent et au futur de chaque société ex-Yougoslave, car elle génère une discontinuité temporelle.

Price: 4.50 €

Jugoslovenska posleratna emigracija i Josip Broz Tito. Naša reč o sukobu sa IB-om 1948-1949.

Jugoslovenska posleratna emigracija i Josip Broz Tito. Naša reč o sukobu sa IB-om 1948-1949.
(The Yugoslav Post-War Emigration and Josip Broz Tito. Naša reč about the Conflict with the Informbuerau 1948-1949)

Author(s):Mira Radojević
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):History of ideas, Political history, Government/Political systems, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:101-116
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:Yugoslavia; West; emigration; ideological opponents; Josip Broz Tito; Communist Party of Yugoslavia; totalitarism; Informbuerau; conflict;
Summary/Abstract:In numerous and variegated circles of the post-war Yugoslav emigration the union „Liberation" and its mouthpiece Naša reč were recognizable for their consequential Yugoslavism and democratism which included decisive opposition to building fronts exclusively on anti-communism, without championing democratic changes. For the same reason they also refused cooperation with all right-wing forces, remnants of fascist groups who used the idea of unified anti-communist forces in order to try to avoid responsibility for the support they lent to nazism and fascism during the war. The attitude towards communism and the communist regime in Yugoslavia was shaped at the time of the incipient conflict of the Yugoslav communist party and the state with the Informbuereau, the Soviet Union and with Stalin personally. Not knowing the real causes of the conflict and not knowing how deep the consequences of the rifts opened in the hitherto strictly controlled communist system could be, the „Liberation" and Naša reč considered its outcome important for communist parties and regimes of the countries of „people's democracy" but not for the „enslaved" peoples in them who could find salvation from communist rule only in a democratic system. Therefore western countries were not expected to help Josip Broz Tito, the first man of the Yugoslav party and the state to resist Stalin more easily, but to lend support to democratic emigration and adherents of democracy in the country. The adopted views didn’t remain unchanged, chained by ideological exclusivism and intolerance. Events, time and witnessing the end of certain historical processes caused many previous opinions to be subject to subsequent analysis. Views on Tito and his role changed too. From initial total condemnation and harsh moral judgement, by the end of his life one came to recognize the contribution that he and the party he headed, gave first during the anti-fascist struggle and then in opposing the intentions of the Informbuereau and Stalin. Still, as the most important was seen the fact that he „had built himself in" the whole post-war regime, so that his period in power can be called „Tito’s personal era".

Price: 4.50 €

Josip Broz Tito i patrijarsi Srpske pravoslavne crkve (Gavrilo, Vikentije i German)

Josip Broz Tito i patrijarsi Srpske pravoslavne crkve (Gavrilo, Vikentije i German)
(Josip Broz Tito and the Patriarchs of the Serbian Orthodox Church (Gavrilo, Vikentije, and German))

Author(s):Radmila Radić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Governance, Political history, Politics and religion, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Eastern Orthodoxy, History of Religion
Page Range:117-134
No. of Pages:18
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; Patriarch Gavrilo; Patriarch Vikentije; Patriarch German; Serbian Orthodox Church;
Summary/Abstract:Over 35 years spent as head of the Yugoslav state, Josip Broz Tito was in contact with three patriarchs of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Gavrilo (Dožić), Vikentije (Prodanov) and German (Doric). Josip Broz Tito was not directly addressing issues related to the Serbian Orthodox Church since they were in charge of the federal and republican commission for religious relations and management of national security/state security service. Never the less, no important decisions regarding the general policy towards religious communities could not be made without agreement among the top of the Party and the State and without the knowledge of Josip Broz Tito. Contacts of Josip Broz Tito with the patriarchs were mostly of protocol nature, except in cases of special interest for the relations of church and state (e. g. the question of the return of the Patriarch Gavrilo, questions about the international activities of the Serbian Orthodox Church, addressing issues of the Macedonian Orthodox Church, etc.). Relations between the state and the Serbian Orthodox Church after 1945, and accordingly relations of Josip Broz Tito's towards Church and some personalities who were at the head of the church during certain periods, should be primarily viewed in the context of the particular interests of church and state, broad relations and developments in Yugoslavia and on the international scene. State authorities carefully controlled activities of the Patriarch and the Bishops of the SOC, but the pressure varied in accordance with current needs and circumstances. It is characteristic that the same person at the head of the SPC was evaluated differently by the authorities, depending on his readiness for cooperation. Both Patriarch Gavrilo and Patriarch German were seen at one point as patriots and in other as traitors and collaborators with occupiers. Also, the behavior of single patriarch should be considered and evaluated within the limits of the possible and achievable in a given time, i. e. at various stages through which the relations of church and state passed.

Price: 4.50 €

„Deset godina komunističkog raja" Miloš Moskovljević o Titovim pogledima na ekonomsku politiku (Dnevničke beleške 1949-1955. godine)

„Deset godina komunističkog raja" Miloš Moskovljević o Titovim pogledima na ekonomsku politiku (Dnevničke beleške 1949-1955. godine)
(„10 Years of Communist Paradise" Miloš Moskovljević on Tito's Views on Economic Policy Diary Notes 1949-1955)

Author(s):Momčilo Isić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Governance, Economic history, Political history, Economic policy, Economic development, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism
Page Range:135-151
No. of Pages:17
Keywords:Miloš Moskovljević; Josip Broz Tito; Yugoslavia; economic policy; peasant cooperatives; the First Five Years Plan; peasantry; industry;
Summary/Abstract:Watching Tito's public statements concerning the state's economic policy between 1949 and 1955, Miloš Moskovljević dwelled in his Diary primarily on Tito's explanation of the clash with the USSR, on the policy of approaching the West, on the question of peasant cooperatives and on the process of industrialization. By analysing Tito's speeches in his diaries Moskovljević convincingly depicted the goal and the contents of the state's economic policy, as well as its changes first hinted at by Tito as the main actor, who was also the first and often also the only one who admitted errors in directing it. This spurred Moskovljević to conclude, having in mind his personal experience while he was part of the ruling apparatus, that only Tito and Stalin „could admit mistakes and criticize, and anyone else who would do it, was a foreign mercenary". As the proof that the state's 10-year's economic policy was unsuccessful, Moskovljević took Tito's speech about the New Economic Policy held at the session of the Executive Committe of the Socialist Union on Sunday, November 28,1955. In it he was extremely critical of the direction of the economic policy until then and of its results. However, Moskovljević was also critical here, claiming this Tito's speech was „a proof of and a monument to communist incapability" as well as that Tito hadn't reached the negative conclusions about the economic policy and the need of a New Economic Policy by himself, but that they were rather a consequence of Kardelj's trip to London.

Price: 4.50 €

Dobrica Ćosić o Josipu Brozu Titu. Skica za istraživanje političkog i intelektualnog odnosa

Dobrica Ćosić o Josipu Brozu Titu. Skica za istraživanje političkog i intelektualnog odnosa
(Dobrica Ćosić on Josip Broz Tito. A Sketch for a Research of a Political and Intellectual Relationship)

Author(s):Latinka Perović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Political history, Government/Political systems, Politics and religion, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism, Inter-Ethnic Relations
Page Range:152-198
No. of Pages:47
Keywords:Dobrica Ćosić; Josip Broz Tito; national question in Yugoslavia; intellectual history;
Summary/Abstract:The insight into the life of Dobrica Ćosić uncovers a personality that, although in formative years at first in contact with the religious movement of Bishop Velimirović, soon came under influence of communism siding with it, above all out of belief in the possibility of a more just society. With that aim he fought at war, but according to his own testimony, soon became disappointed. In 1951 he left professional Party work and turned to writing, remaining an important link between intellectuals and politics. The work and influence of Ćosić show that he wasn't just another contemporary of Josip Broz Tito, but rather more than that. The research of the relation of Dobrica Ćosić to Tito, to national and social question and to Yugoslavia has several starting points: firstly, Ćosić's relation to communism as a new religion; secondly, the writer's need to „change the world"; thirdly, the novel Roots (1954] as the turning point in Ćosić's opus; fourthly, his positioning in the discussion about leaving the Soviet party model, and in connection with that, the understanding of Yugoslavia in early 1960s; finally, the novel The Time of Death which established Ćosić in the position that would secure him the status of „the Father of the Nation" a decade later. That status is no empty metaphor, and Ćosić himself saw himself as „the paradigm of Serbian fate". On the one hand - there were numerous editions of his works, adaptations for film and theater, imposition of it as mandatory school literature, literary awards, on the other - membership in the Central Comittee of the Union of Communists of Serbia and, later on, the post of the president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. With that dual role, with great self-awarenes of that role, Ćosić became a kind of institution, a collective project of a sort, around whome a network of social, political and intellectual ties came to being. From that vantage point, he acted for decades as one of the key actors in politics and culture. The polemics with the Slovenian intellectual Dušan Pirjavec in 1961/62, his positioning concerning the fate of Aleksandar Ranković, his views on national question and the overall Yugoslav ideology of the Yugoslav communists kept pushing Ćosić away from the Party which he realy left in 1971. By that time he had already become the chairman of the Serbian Book Cooperative and a corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. In the meantime in 1969 a book by Ćosić (Power and Anxiety) was banned for the first time. During the 1980s Ćosić became the leading figure of the out-of-institutions opposition and his reputation would constantly be on the rise from then on, leading him finally to the post of the president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the midst of the war in 1992. With distancing from the national policy of the Party Ćosić increasingly embraced the idea of solving the Serbian national question through a unification of the Serbs in one state. Transplanting a 19th century goal - the Serbian state - to the end of the 2 0 th century determined everything else. The priorities: mobilizing the people and their firm unity before the domestic and foreign opponent of the goal. Means: wars for state borders. Several phases of Dobrica Ćosić's relation to Tito should be distinguished. For start, it would be important to establish chronological borderlines and internal characteristics of each period. Conditionally speaking, the periods could be named thus: 1) Fasciantion by Tito (1945-1961); 2) Struggle for Tito (1961- 1966); 3) Refusal to be Defeated (1968-1980); 4) Ideological War agains Titoism as Anti-Srbism (1980-1991); 5) Armed War for Solving the Serbian Question as a State Question (1992-1999); 6) Anti-Titoism as the Basis of the New Serbian Identity (1999-2000). Each of these periods views Tito in a different way, having in mind above all Ćosić's views on the national question to which he increasingly reduced his views on Yugoslavia and socialism.

Price: 6.00 €

Ljudi na strateškim mestima. Uzroci, posledice i smisao sukoba Josipa Broza Tita i Milovana Đilasa na Trećem (vanrednom) plenumu CK SKJ 1954. godine

Ljudi na strateškim mestima. Uzroci, posledice i smisao sukoba Josipa Broza Tita i Milovana Đilasa na Trećem (vanrednom) plenumu CK SKJ 1954. godine
(People in Strategic Posts. Reasons, Consequences and the Meaning of the Conflict Between Josip Broz Tito and Milovan Djiias at the Third (Extraordinary) Plenum of the Central Committee of the Union of the Communists of Yugoslavia in 1954)

Author(s):Goran Miloradović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Governance, Political history, Government/Political systems, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism, Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:199-231
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; Milovan Djiias; dissidence; oppositionalism; factions;
Summary/Abstract:The relation between Josip Broz Tito and Milovan Djiias are analyzed in the paper with speciall stress on the events on the eve, during and after the Third (Extraordinary) Plenum of the Central Committee of the Union of the Communists of Yugoslavia held on January 16-17, 1954. Theoreticaly the question is asked if Djiias realy had the role of a „dissident" in a particular Yugoslav totalitarian state of a stalinist type, since the phenomenon of dissidence in international context is connected with the changes which came about in the USSR after the so-called „Khruschev’s thaw" and since the term itself appeared only in the late 1960s. The period of the dissidents’ activity in the USSR makes up one and a half decade (1965-1980). In virtue of the published and unpublished archival sources, interviews, memoirs and literature, Djilas’s „rebelion" is explained as an episode in the struggle for power within the UCY and not as an ideological dissent of a lonely intellectual. Djiias was a representative of the opposition who tried to use the strategic foreign political turn (Yugoslavia’s rapprochement with the West), as well as ideological and political divisions that followed, for his own ascent in the hierarchy. He tried to achieve that by grouping the intellectual core of his fellow-travelers around the journal Nova misao, militating at the same time for political and ideological competition in Yugoslavia, including the two-party system. By doing that he jeopardized the position of the undesputed leader J.B. Tito, as well as the position of the conservative faction within the UCY. Despite the sympathies of part of the British Labor Party for Djiias, he neither received sufficient support from abroad nor secured a strong enough foothold in Yugoslavia. His policy was defeated at the Third Plenum of the CC of the UCY in 1954 as „anarchism" or „bourgeois liberalism" and he was relieved of all his posts and sent into retirement. By comparing the Soviet and the Yugoslav systems the author concludes that Djilas’s role in Yugoslavia is comparable to the role of the internal party opposition of L. Trotsky and N. Bukharin in the USSR, but not to that of Soviet dissidents who cherished their personal and professional freedom and moral dignity (such as A. Sinyavsky, J. Daniel, A. Solzhenitsyn, R. Medvedev, A. Sakharov etc.) and who were neither revolutionaries nor politicians. Djiias was a revolutionary, a member of the Politbuereau of the CC of the UCY who 230 openly presented his views, formed a faction and gathered increasingly broad support for his policy with the aim of conquering the highest post in Yugoslavia - Tito's. The understanding of Djilas’s status was made blear by the negative propaganda instigated against him by his enemies in power, but also by later positive advertizing of his friends of the opposition, which created two, equally distorted images of Djilas: the „demonic" and the „angelic". However, after a detailed analysis it is clear that the struggle for the supreme power in the Party and in the state was what it was all about, and not just „dissatisfaction" with the existing situation and the system, as was the case with dissidents in other parts of Eastern Europe.

Price: 6.00 €

Pristup Titovog režima Kosovu krajem pedesetih godina

Pristup Titovog režima Kosovu krajem pedesetih godina
(The Approach of Tito's Regime to Kosovo in the Late 1950s)

Author(s):Jan Pelikán
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Civil Society, Political history, Government/Political systems, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism, Geopolitics
Page Range:235-246
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Kosovo; Tito's regime; Albanians; Serbs; UCY;
Summary/Abstract:Based primarily on the documents of the conference of the Executive Committee of the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia (UCY) held in March 1959 the paper analyses the approach of Tito's leadership to Kosovo. It tries to point out the main tendencies in the approach to the Albanian question and the different opinions of certain members of the highest leadership of the UCY. A gradual change in viewing the Albanian problem by the leading people of Tito’s regime set in in the late 1950s. Many members began to be aware of the importance of the Albanian community in Yugoslavia and the necessity of improving its situation, above all access to education and to employment. The need to industrialize Kosovo as soon as possible was stressed. Although these tendencies existed, the repressive elements of Tito's regime remained dominant, above all the secret police.

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Slovenci i Tito u prošlosti i danas

Slovenci i Tito u prošlosti i danas
(Slovenians and Tito in the Past and Today)

Author(s):Božo Repe
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Political history, Sociology of Culture, Sociology of Politics, Politics of History/Memory
Page Range:262-273
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:titoism; cult of personality; father of the nation; anti-fascist resistance; border change; informbiro; open border; non-alignment;
Summary/Abstract:Slovenci su za Josipa Broza Tita saznali tokom Drgugog svetskog rata. Od 1943. nadalje počeo je sistematski da se uspostavlja kult njegove ličnosti. Po majci je Tito bio Slovenac. Slovenci nisu imali puno istorijskih ličnosti, a potreba za „ocem nacije" jedna je od nacionalnih karakteristika. Nakon njegove smrti, počela je naglo da raste kritika titoizma kao sistema, a istovremeno je počeo da se rastvara Titov kult ličnosti. Usprkos tome, većina Slovenaca je mišljenja da je Tito bio pozitivna istorijska ličnost (antifašistički otpor, promena slovenačke granice, otpor protiv Informbiroa, otvorene granice i nesvrstanost, republička državnost], a istovremeno ga (prvenstveno u desnim političkim krugovima] izričito prikazuju kao zločinca i diktatora.

Price: 4.50 €

Josip Broz Tito i nacionalni identitet Muslimana u Bosni i Hercegovini – dva viđenja

Josip Broz Tito i nacionalni identitet Muslimana u Bosni i Hercegovini – dva viđenja
(Josip Broz Tito and the National Identity of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Two Views)

Author(s):Husnija Kamberović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Civil Society, Political history, Social history, Politics and religion, Sociology of Politics, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
Page Range:274-282
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Muslims;
Summary/Abstract:The process of affirmation of Muslim national identity started during the 1960’s. This process was initiated by the governing communist political elite, and was led by intellectuals who were, by working on this task, actually working on a party assignment. Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina were politically supported by Josip Broz Tito in this mission, whilst the intellectuals, trying to scientifically prove the existence of the Muslim nation, often referred to Tito as the key argument about the existence of this identity. From the beginning of the 90’s, the perception of Tito’s role in the affirmation of Muslim national identity in some segments of Bosniak intellectual circles underwent a radical change. In the new picture Tito was singled out as the key culprit for the late recognition of the Muslim nation. This paper, however, presents a thesis according to which the change in the perception of Tito’s role towards Muslim national identity was not a result of scientific maturing but merely a reflection of the contemporary political situation.

Price: 4.50 €

Albanska manjina u Titovoj Jugoslaviji kao faktor u jugoslovensko-albanskim odnosima (1945-1953)

Albanska manjina u Titovoj Jugoslaviji kao faktor u jugoslovensko-albanskim odnosima (1945-1953)
(The Albanian Minority in Tito's Yugoslavia as a Factor in the Yugoslav-Albanian Relations (1945-1953))

Author(s):Marijana Stamova
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Civil Society, Political history, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:247-261
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; Enver Hodzha; Yugoslavia; Yugoslav federation; Albania; Kosovo; The Albanian issue; The Albanian minority; The Yugoslav-albanian relationship; KPY; KPA; USSR; Stalin;
Summary/Abstract:From 1945 onwards the Albanian minority in Yugoslavia played an important role in shaping Yugoslav-Albanian relations. Tito's „Balkan" ambitions certainly shouldn't be forgotten. Namely after WWII, as the result of his role in it, Tito had the ambition of imposing himself as an absolut leader of Yugoslavia, but also of the Balkans. An idea of a Balkan federation with his and Yugoslav dominant position in it, was acceptable for him. In these combinations he certainly also counted on the Albanian factor which wasn't negligeable in Yugoslavia. No doubt that the Albanian minority problem in Yugoslavia influenced the overall Yugoslav-Albanian relations and the stability of Yugoslavia, not only during the first ten-odd years after the war, but also later. This is proven by the very fact that Albania played - sometimes covertly, and sometimes quite openly - the role of the patron of the Albanians in Yugoslavia under the guise of policy of protecting the rights of the Albanian national minority in Yugoslavia. This caused occasional Tito's horse-trading with the population of the Albanian national minority, particularly in Kosovo where it was most numerous. During WWII the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and Tito aided the foundation and work of the Communist Party of Albania, as well as the development of the liberation movement. Tito's envoys Miladin Popović and Dušan Mugoša worked there for a long time. During the ten-odd years after the war the Yugoslav-Albanian relations developed in two stages. The first one from the liberation to 1948 and the second one from 1948 to 1953. During the first phase Tito's aid to Albania was even larger than during the wartime years. Yugoslavia contributed to Albania's international recognition and extended considerable economic help to it Tito was praised and treated almost as a real Albanian leader. The second phase started in 1948, i.e. after Tito's conflict with the USSR, Stalin and the Informbuerau. The first to disown Tito was the USSR, accusing him of the intention of annexing Albania, for which he deployed divisions of the Yugoslav army there. Accepting Stalin's orders, the Albanian leadership headed by Enver Hoxha severed all relations with Yugoslavia and launched an open campaign aganst it To be sure, the propaganda of the countries that had fallen to Stalin's block also joined 260 in. Albania's relation to Yugoslavia found support also in Bulgaria, for which we adduce several examples. The solution of the national question and allegedly insufferable situation of the Albanian minority in Yugoslavia particularly came under attack. The Albanian minority was constantly instigated to dissatisfaciton by the Albanian leadership, often evincing that dissatisfaction in various ways which constantly spoiled the bilateral relations between the two neighboring countries. After Stalin's death Albania unwillingly accepted Yugoslavia's reconciliation with the countries of „people's democracy" and it continued its instigating policy by utilizing the Albanian minority in Yugoslavia. It is the fact that Albania, in order to acheive its goals through the Albanian minority, never returned to reconciliation with Yugoslavia until 1953.

Price: 4.50 €

Titove dileme o AVNOJ-u i o ustavnom uređenju Jugoslavije 1943-1946. godine. Sa posebnim osvrtom na Republiku Makedoniju

Titove dileme o AVNOJ-u i o ustavnom uređenju Jugoslavije 1943-1946. godine. Sa posebnim osvrtom na Republiku Makedoniju
(Tito's Dilemmas Concerning the AVNOJ and the Constitutional Order of Yugoslavia 1943-1946. With Special Reference to the Republic of Macedonia)

Author(s):Novica Veljanovski
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Constitutional Law, Political history, Government/Political systems, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949)
Page Range:283-296
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:Tito; AVNOJ; Yugoslav federation; Macedonia; Serbia; Muslim factor; Macedonian statehood; ASNOM; M. A. Cento; constitutional order of the federation;
Summary/Abstract:Dilemmas about the interim partisan parliament (AVNOJ] appeared with J. B. Tito and with members of the then Yugoslav federation already at the time it was being prepared and held, and they lived on even after it had been held. The is proven by subsequently aired critique of the then adopted decisions - present already at the time the AVNOJ was formed, but expressed much more clearly after Tito's death and the break-up of the Yugoslav federation. Our research shows that Tito initially didn't have a completely clear concept as to which federal units should make up the federal Yugoslavia and which should be declared autnonomous regions or provinces within those federal units, so that he allowed it to be solved in the decision-making process and depending on the influence of some of his collaborators. Concerning Macedonia, some authors believed it hadn't been earmarked as a special federal unit neither at the first nor at the second AVNOJ meeting. Such claims are groundless. It is true that the Macedonian delegation didn'ttake part atthe sessions, but the AVNOJ documents tell us that already at the begining Macedonia had been foreseen as one of the constitutive units of the Yugosalv federation. Nevertheless, representatives of the government in exile declared themselves opposed to it during the war. Tito's main concern was international recognition of Yugoslavia and not so much its constitutional make-up. Macedonia accepted the AVNOJ decisions and built them into the documents of its own partisan parliament (ASNOM] in 1944 and into its constitutional document in 1946. The leading people of the ASNOM Presidency expressed the wish that federal units receive wider autonomy in economic matters. This was particularly stressed by Metodija Antonov Čento. He, as well as Panko Brašnarov, the chairman of the ASNOM had to leave the political scene of Macedonia and Yugoslavia because of the views they had expressed. To be sure, this was to a large degree the result of Tito's vacillation in the matter of the make-up of the Yugoslav federation in that period.

Price: 4.50 €

Uloga Josipa Broza Tita u definisanju srpskog etničkog prostora

Uloga Josipa Broza Tita u definisanju srpskog etničkog prostora
(The Role of Josip Broz Tito in Defining the Serbian Ethnic Territory)

Author(s):Branko Nadoveza
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Governance, Political history, History of Communism, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
Page Range:297-309
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; the Serbs; Yugoslavia; CPY; UCY;
Summary/Abstract:Thanks to his personal activity and historical circumstances Josip Broz Tito managed to define the ethnical and territorial boundaries of the Serbian people. The two basic periods of his activity were 1937-1945 and from 1946 to his death. The solutions to the national question offered by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia could be compared with the solution of the nationality question proposed by the Croat Peasant Party that presupposed the division of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia into historical provinces. In paper special attention was devoted to the definition of the borders of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo. The author quoted particularly intensively the critique of the Yugoslav Communists by political emigres.

Price: 4.50 €

„Rijetki trenuci odmora" Tito i slobodno vrijeme

„Rijetki trenuci odmora" Tito i slobodno vrijeme
(„Rare Moments of Rest" Tito and Leisure)

Author(s):Igor Duda
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Political history, Social history, Social development, Economic development, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:313-328
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:Tito; working time; leisure; hobbies; everyday life; modernization;
Summary/Abstract:The time of Tito’s reign coincided with the period in which Yugoslavia – after the Second World War and during the years of economic miracles and European Golden Age - went through a series of social changes which shaped a modern society. Changes were connected with urbanization, industrialization, a growing proportion of educated and employed population, as well as democratization of practices that until recently were only available to the upper classes. Among them there was also the increasing awareness of leisure activities and the legal regulation of the length of daily, weekly and annual leave. This is the context in which a series of monographs were published in the seventies and eighties, presenting Tito’s working hours and his „rare moments of rest" to a very wide circle of readers. The structure and content of Tito’s leisure time – more precisely their presentation to the public in selected monographs, rather than their possibly different actual shape - is the main subject of this paper. The analysis shows that the structure of Tito’s working day, week and year was not in accordance with the strict separation of work and leisure imposed by the understanding of time in industrial societies. Tito occasionally rested during the long day in Belgrade, but also worked during his stay on the island of Brijuni, in other residences and on distant travels. Monographs point out that Tito did not like to leave work unfinished, that he complained about the lack of time, but also argued that because of the constant activity he had been feeling better and had no time to think about getting old. Tito's vitality was often noted, and it was certainly associated with a variety of leisure activities - walks in nature, a love of plants and animals, wine-growing, hunting, working the lathe, an interest in movies and books, playing billiards and chess, socializing and travelling. The aim of scenes from everyday life was to present Tito’s human face, and the photos of the photogenic president were very effective. It is possible that the monographs’ only goal was to build a cult of personality, but it is also certain that the attention by publishers and the media influenced the audience. There was clearly a trickle-down effect in which the presidential habits could easily be adapted to the masses and the average standard of living, producing the effect of modernization.

Price: 4.50 €

Pogledi Josipa Broza na neke probleme jugoslovenskog društva šezdesetih godina 20. veka

Pogledi Josipa Broza na neke probleme jugoslovenskog društva šezdesetih godina 20. veka
(Josip Broz's Views on Some Problems of the Yugoslav Society in 1960s)

Author(s):Slobodan Selinić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Civil Society, Governance, Political history, Politics and society, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Sociology of Politics
Page Range:329-346
No. of Pages:18
Keywords:Yugoslavia; Josip Broz; Union of the Communists of Yugoslavia; economy; politics;
Summary/Abstract:During 1960s the development of the Yugoslav society was also marked by some problems, such as economic crisis, undcidedness and disunity of the Party top brass as to the direction of further development of the state and fall of morals of the leading people in the state and the Party. Josip Broz devoted great attention to economic problems, believing the lack of solutions for them would lead to ethnic and political dissatisfaction and the loss of esteem for the country in the world. He consequently warned of the disbalance in foreign trade and criticized import without control, excessive investment and buliding of several factories of the same kind, stressing that overinvesting was the main source of economic difficulties. Instead of new investments and loans he demanded modernization, integration of companies and specialization of production, taking into account the needs of the domestic and the world markets etc. However, equally consequently the economic problems were not solved. In relation to the country's constitution and political disunity of the top brass in the state Broz showed much less concistency. Although he kept insisting on unity and concord and demanded that the Central Committee of the Union of the Communists of Yugoslavia should tackle the problems, his demand to let bygones be bygones and to leave alon the responsibility for the problems in the country, led to sham and artificial concord and unity, while the state was sapped by conflicts of the governments of the constitutent republics and by processes of disintegration. He himself traveled the way from criticizing local economic interests of the republics and struggle for a unified Yugoslav market in early 1960s, through symetrical critique of centralist forces and the tendency of the republics to be closed for outside influences at the Party congress in 1964, to plumping for decentralization late in 1965. He showed the weakest determination and will in fighting corruption, enriching and privileges of his closest collaborators, although he was acquainted with the fact that some people in his closest entourage abused their posts to line their pockets, build weekend houses and villas and to use privileges and break the law.

Price: 4.50 €

„Staro ne smije više nikad da se vrati". Tito i privredna politika FNRJ 1945-1955. godine

„Staro ne smije više nikad da se vrati". Tito i privredna politika FNRJ 1945-1955. godine
(„The Old Must Never Come Again". Tito and the Economic Policy 1945-1955)

Author(s):Ivana Dobrivojević Tomić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):National Economy, Governance, Economic history, Political history, Economic policy, Social development, Economic development
Page Range:347-359
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:Yugoslavia; Josip Broz Tito; industrialization; Five Years Plan; living standard;
Summary/Abstract:Emulating the Soviet model, the Yugoslav communists started industrialization in a hurry. The Five Years Plan envisaged megalomaniac investment in heavy industry and economic strategists of the Party believed Yugoslavia would overtake Great Britain in ten years. The poor state couldn’t take such investment effort so that the economic policy of the government generated general poverty and slump in agrarian production. Just how the Yugoslav attempt at industrialization and economic potential of the country were mismatched is shown by the fact that the regime received from the West alone $ 500 million in economic aid and $ 800 million dollars in, mostly short- and middle-termed, loans which also didn’t suffice to complete the key projects. Having realized already by 1953 the political consequences of an expensive industrialization, Tito started announcing scaling down of investments, larger investment in agriculture and the rise of living standards. Although an end was put to building of crucial object the Yugoslavs lived no better in 1956 since the costs of living of a four-member family were by 40 to 60% higher than nominal wages.

Price: 4.50 €

Između javnog i privatnog: Tito o svakodnevici žena u socijalizmu

Između javnog i privatnog: Tito o svakodnevici žena u socijalizmu
(Between the Public and Private: Tito about a Woman's Everyday Life in Socialism)

Author(s):Vera Gudac-Dodić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Gender Studies, Civil Society, Political history, Social history, Social development, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:360-371
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Tito; woman; socialism; identity; social roles; state;
Summary/Abstract:Tendencies of a party state to influence the formation of a socially desirable role of a woman in postwar Yugoslavia are, among other things, reflected in scientific papers, public presentations and speeches made by Josip Broz Tito. The forming of a new face of a woman in socialism corresponding the Communist party ideals and the spirit of the time, new rights and duties opposing patriarchy and the practice of gender inequality, created the attitude of Tito towards women. Women were given different roles than the ones they had during the former regime, the role of labour heroine, equal and omnipresent Josip Broz Tito's speeches and their media echo were a request and an invitation to mobilize women for different activities and tasks imposed on them by the socialist state as well as the society. Contradiction between the former and future paradigmatic image of a woman after the war time and in the decades that followed was even more complicated by the ambivalence of the socially desirable and expected roles of a woman, that is, the ambivalence inside the mere ideal of a socialist woman. The set of questions and problems concerning maternity was attached a huge importance. The idea of children upbringing controlled by the socialist state and in line with its ideals was omnipresent The state was taking over the care of younger generations, protected maternity, tended to make up for family influence, and rear children in line with the promoted values. Socialist authorities did not view maternity as an exclusively private, woman matter, but in many ways, it directly got involved in its privacy, attempting to gain control and patronizing influence over children and the young. An everyday life of women, wives and mothers who were employed brought to the fore the conflicted roles and the problem of their harmonization. Woman overload became the leit-motif of her life. The reduction of free time beyond the limits, fatigue, despite the acquired rights and areas of the achieved freedom, once again indicated the unequal treatment of men and women. The practice sometimes blocked the proclaimed policy of social gender equality. The main issue of a woman’s everyday life in socialism for Josip Broz Tito was making their roles easier for family women, especially mothers, to enable them to work and be part of social life. Tito's messages promoted the state strategy for a woman’s social integration with the help of public services.

Price: 4.50 €

Titove titule: Josip Broz i naučne ustanove

Titove titule: Josip Broz i naučne ustanove
(Tito's Titles: Josip Broz and Scholarly Institutions)

Author(s):Dragomir Bondžić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, History of Education, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:372-384
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; honorary titles; doctorates; academies; universities; science; intelligentsia; personality cult; ideology;
Summary/Abstract:Between 1947 and 1979 Josip Broz Tito became a honorary member of all Yugoslav academies except for the Vojvodinian one, doctor of military sciences, honorary doctor of four universities in the country and nine abroad. All these titles played an important role in the creation of the personality cult and in shaping the esteem for the Yugoslav leader on domestic and international level. Scholarly titles added a component of scholarly esteem that complemented his political power and undisputed influence in the state and the society. Scholarly honors were granted at carefully chosen junctures when personal promotion of the leader partly alleviated the current incidents and problems in the state and the society. The conferring ceremonies themselves were well thought out and organized celebrations of the personality and scholarly contribution of Josip Broz, used by the republics' nomenclatures and adherents in the field of science to approach him, ingratiate themselves with him and make a contribution to the creation of the personality cult. On such occasions, apart from gratitude and historical remarks, Tito expressed opinions on the ideological and political, often also on expert situation of science, but above all, he gave tasks and directions for the development of science and scholarly institutions in socialism. Most often he stressed Marxist basis, cooperation with the economy, participation in building of socialism and in creating socialist intelligentsia, cherishing the achievements of the „People’s Liberation War" and the brotherhood and unity, the aid to underdeveloped countries, study of nonalignment and self-management, struggle against ,,un-socialist tendencies" and „negative phenomena" among the intelligentsia. Finally, Tito occasionally had contacts with the scholarly institutions whose member he was, visited them, received their delegations, accepted their birthday greetings and presents and was participant and patron of conferences and celebrations that they organized.

Price: 4.50 €

Tito's Yugoslavia as the Pivotal State of the Non-Aligned

Tito's Yugoslavia as the Pivotal State of the Non-Aligned
(Tito's Yugoslavia as the Pivotal State of the Non-Aligned)

Author(s):Tvrtko Jakovina
Language:English
Subject(s):Political history, International relations/trade
Page Range:389-404
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:Movement of the Non-aligned countries; Josip Broz Tito; NAM conferences; Belgrade; Cairo; Lusaka; Havana; Fidel Castro;
Summary/Abstract:Based on the primary sources from the private collections of Josip Vrhovec and Budimir Lončar, two Yugoslav Federal Secretaries for Foreign Relations, several oral testimonies and the secondary literature, author tries to explain the genesis and the importance of Movement of the Non-aligned countries for Yugoslav policy.

Price: 4.50 €

Tito i nesvrstani. Iskušenja na putu stvaranja asocijacije vanblokovskih država

Tito i nesvrstani. Iskušenja na putu stvaranja asocijacije vanblokovskih država
(Tito and the Non-Aligned. Difficulties on the Way to Creating an Association of Out-of-Blocks States)

Author(s):Dragan Bogetić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Political history, International relations/trade, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:405-415
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:Yugoslavia; non-alignment; movement; Tito; Nehru; Nasser;
Summary/Abstract:The pre-history of the Non-Aligned Movement is coupled with a number of differences among its members, which had to be overcome in order to design a platform of common action in international relations. Within that framework, the crucial role was doubtlessly played by the main champion of such an international strategy, the Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito. The basic problem lay in the fact that his endeavors to convince the most influential African and Asian leaders to join him in his initiative for forming a broad association of block-free states art first didn’t meet with the desired response. The Indian prime-minister Nehru enjoyed great esteem in the world and he deemed it inopportune to join a movement whose members would be small and underdeveloped countries. He believed he himself could, through direct negotiations with great powers, get more easily the solutions he deemed in the interest of his country. Another important Tito’s potential partner, the Egyptian president Nasser saw himself in late 1950s in the role of unifier of all Arabs in Africa and Asia and had no interest in membership of a movement that would derail him from these leadership ambitions. The Indonesian president Sukharno for his part supported the idea of gathering of block-free countries - but on regional basis. He was guided by the idea of creation of a block of Asian and African nations whose action would be channeled into the uncompromising struggle against the world imperialism. Tito was aware that without support from Nasser, Nehru and Sukharno it would be impossible to form an international movement whose core would be made up of African and Asian states. Therefore he decided on tactics that was, in Yugoslav political circles, popularly called „step by step". The Yugoslav leader preached circumspectly and skillfully the political tenets of the Yugoslav project of the new system of international relations, depending on the current state of international relations and the mood of his fickle partners at a given moment He believed the time was working for him. Such estimate proved right The complicated international situation led to important changes in perception of current foreign political priorities of certain block-free countries and strengthened the interest in common and organized action. The first steps on that way were the summits of non-414 aligned states in Belgrade in 1961 and in Cairo in 1964. True enough, at these conferences Tito didn't manage to realize his ideas of turning the non-alignment into an international movement. He achieved that only at the summit in Lusaka in September 1970 where conditions were met for forming the first institutionalized mechanisms which were to make possible organized and coordinated activities of non-aligned countries. During the period after Lusaka the non-aligned acted increasingly often and increasingly more aggressively. However, at this time, often called „the golden era of non-alignment" the polarization within the movement concerning alliance with the block of pro-Soviet states gradually became increasingly visible and sharp. The last years of Tito's life were marked by his permanent conflict with Fidel Castro, the main proponent of the idea of „natural alliance" of the nonaligned with the socialist block. That pressing came to a head at the summit in Havana in September 1979. Since Tito died the next year, his victory in the duel with the Cuban president was also his last political victory.

Price: 4.50 €

Havana 1979: Labudova pesma Titove lične diplomatije

Havana 1979: Labudova pesma Titove lične diplomatije
(Havana 1979: Swan Song of Tito's Personal Diplomacy)

Author(s):Vladimir P. Petrović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:416-433
No. of Pages:18
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; Fidel Castro; Nonalignment; Sixth Summit in Havana;
Summary/Abstract:The article scrutinizes last major diplomatic engagement of Josip Broz Tito on the international scene by tracking his activity before and during the Sixth Summit of Nonaligned Countries in Havana, September 1979. Confronting with Fidel Castro’s attempt to tilt the movement closer to the policies of the USSR, Tito developed intense, yet elastic platform of „the return to the essence of nonalignment“. He succeeded to sidetrack Castro in the manner which did not cause the paralysis, division and marginalization of nonalignment.

Price: 4.50 €

Viđenje Tita u američkim dokumentima 1951-1958.

Viđenje Tita u američkim dokumentima 1951-1958.
(The Perception of the President of Tito in American Documents 1951-1958)

Author(s):Ivan Laković
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:437-447
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:Tito; Yugoslavia; USA; SSSR; NATO; Mediterranean; diplomacy; documents; communism; blocks; non alignment policy;
Summary/Abstract:Although highly fragmental, this attempt of insight in American view on Tito and Yugoslavia during the fifties, presents some basic premises that have characterized this relation. The representatives of American administration at all levels had a tendency to equalize the mentioned terms, mostly due to the widespread conscience of Tito’s decisive influence on the state’s policy course. That tendency is mostly visible in political and diplomatic documents, slightly less in military, while the list in economical ones. His regime has been described as the „communist dictatorship", but at the same time has been noted that exactly such its nature enabled the US to deploy the „strategy of wedge" into Eastern bloc. American analyses show that support to a renegade communist country and its leader would have provided much more political benefits than mere acquiring of ideologically similar ally. That policy didn’t have many genuine sympathies within the US’ officials, but its premises were the prevailing ones while decision making in regard to Yugoslavia. Americans knew that the Tito’s main intention was to secure as more as neutral position between the blocks, providing through it few important strategic advantages to the West: consolidation of NATO’s southern flank, protection of important Ljubljana’s gap and denial of Soviet presence in Mediterranean. Measuring all the related activities this way, US were willing to allow or, at list, not to eagerly oppose Tito's political projects of non alignment, knowing that under his government, Yugoslavia was to pursue the politics more on their, than on SSSR's favor. For given circumstances, it was more than enough.

Price: 4.50 €

Indian Perceptions of Marshall President Josip Broz Tito: Yesterday and Today

Indian Perceptions of Marshall President Josip Broz Tito: Yesterday and Today
(Indian Perceptions of Marshall President Josip Broz Tito: Yesterday and Today)

Author(s):Surjit Mansingh
Language:English
Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:448-460
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:Tito; Nehru; India; Yugoslavia; Nonalignment; United Nations;
Summary/Abstract:Indians familiar with President Josip Broz Tito’s nation building efforts held him in high esteem. His visits to India beginning in 1954 were stunningly successful. Tito was a close friend of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. They held similar views about international affairs and were stalwarts of the Nonaligned Movement India and Yugoslavia cooperated in the United Nations and elsewhere. Indians mourned the destruction of Yugoslavia, but the present generation is not familiar with the life and achievements of Tito.

Price: 4.50 €

Sovjetsko-jugoslovenski sukob 1948.godine: Loša volja Staljina ili svestan izbor Josipa Broza Tita. Problem interpretacije

Sovjetsko-jugoslovenski sukob 1948.godine: Loša volja Staljina ili svestan izbor Josipa Broza Tita. Problem interpretacije
(The Soviet-Yugoslav Conflict of 1948: Stalin's Bad Will or Tito's Conscious Choice. The Problem of Interpretation)

Author(s):Anatolij Anikejev
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:461-465
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:the Soviet Union; Yugoslavia; Joseph Stalin; Josip Broz Tito; Soviet-Yugoslav conflict; the pressure on Yugoslavia;
Summary/Abstract:The author examines the Soviet-Yugoslav conflict in the context of forming the block of „popular democracy" headed by the USSR and the emergence of new elements in Soviet foreign policy. The task of Kremlin, in an increasingly bipolar confrontation was to ensure absolute control over the satellites. Tito was supposed to submit to Stalin as he did before, otherwise February 1948 was to become a milestone in his willingness to unconditionally carry out „advices" from Moscow and the beginning of a conscious (or forced) movement in the direction of „national communism". Could Stalin compromise or he decided to escalate disputes to conflict seeking in order to prevent the violation of in-system hierarchical discipline, that, in addition, threaten Soviet interests in the region. Clash of ambitions of the two authoritarian leaders, or their own ideas about how to develop the „people’s democracies" and socialism, a battle of two „biblical Heroes", as is often depicted in historiography, or real conflict of national interests of both countries - these are the questions to which the author tries to answer in his brief study of the problem.

Price: 4.50 €

Aktiviranje jugoslovenskih informbiroovaca u Čehoslovačkoj 1968. godine

Aktiviranje jugoslovenskih informbiroovaca u Čehoslovačkoj 1968. godine
(Activation of the Yugoslav Adherents of the Informbuerau in Czechoslovakia in 1968)

Author(s):Ondřej Vojtěchovský
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Migration Studies
Page Range:466-485
No. of Pages:20
Keywords:Informbuereau; Informbuereau emigration; Czechoslovakia; Prague spring; 1968;
Summary/Abstract:The intervention into Czechoslovakia in August 1968 awoke new expectations among the Yugoslav informbiroist emigres settled in the states of the Soviet Block. These antititoist communists hoped that also the question of Yugoslavia could be opened now again. The chief persons of emigration group in Czechoslovakia assessed the development during the Prague’s spring very critically and negatively. Therefore they appreciated the military occupation by the five armies of the Warsaw agreement The sudden freezing in Soviet-Yugoslav relations, weakened international position of Yugoslavia and its apparent inner crisis as well were factors which fed presumptions that the similar solution as in Czechoslovak case was possible. It was the reason for rebirth of ideas to launch a political activity in emigration for helping and supporting the pro-Soviet elements in the homeland. This paper maps mainly on grounds of the documents in the Czechoslovak former security archives the beginning of the activity and attitudes exercised by the front Yugoslav emigrants in Czechoslovakia.

Price: 5.00 €

Josip Broz Tito i čehoslovačka javnost 1945-1948. godine

Josip Broz Tito i čehoslovačka javnost 1945-1948. godine
(Josip Broz Tito and the Czechoslovak Public 1945-1948)

Author(s):Milan P. Sovilj
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949)
Page Range:489-497
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; Czechoslovak public; visit to Czechoslovakia; the Informbuerau Resolution;
Summary/Abstract:The development of the Yugoslav-Czechoslovak relations after WWII influenced also the streangthening of esteem enjoyed by Josip Broz Tito in Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovak public enthusiastically greeted the Yugoslav president in March 1946 on occasion of his official visit to Prague and Bratislava. The interest in Josip Broz Tito and Yugoslavia increased after that visit still more. Streets, cultural associations, a students' hostel and several companies in Czechoslovakia were named after Tito. However, the difficult political circumstances in summer 1948 caused the change in the relations between Yugoslavia and the USSR, and at the same time between Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. The Yugoslav-Czechoslovak cooperation was severed and Tito's name discarded by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the official government organs. The larger part of the Czechoslovak public was above all surprized at the chage in the relation towards the Yugoslav marshal.

Price: 4.50 €

Tito i Austrijanci: Susreti Josipa Broza Tita sa vodećim ličnostima austrijske politike 60-ih i 70-ih godina

Tito i Austrijanci: Susreti Josipa Broza Tita sa vodećim ličnostima austrijske politike 60-ih i 70-ih godina
(Tito and the Austrians: Meetings of Josip Broz Tito with the Leading Personages of Austrian Politics in 1960s and 1970s)

Author(s):Petar Dragišić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Migration Studies, Human Resources in Economy
Page Range:498-504
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Yugoslavia; Austria; Tito Kreisky; Jonas; labor force; migrations;
Summary/Abstract:The rapprochement between Yugoslavia and Austria following the decision of the Yugoslav regime to renounce its claims to Carinthia resulted in enhanced economic cooperation between the two countries. Besides, during the 1960s and 1970s tens of thousands of Yugoslav labor migrants immigrated to Austria. Numerous meetings of high-ranking politicians from Yugoslavia and Austria confirmed the improvement of relations between the two countries. During the 1960s and 1970s the Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito met several times the leading politicians from Austria, including its president, chancellors and foreign ministers. The records of these conversations represent extremely valuable sources for anyone interested in the relations between Yugoslavia and Austria after the Second World War.

Price: 4.50 €

Poseta Josipa Broza Tita Italiji 1971. godine

Poseta Josipa Broza Tita Italiji 1971. godine
(The Visit of Josip Broz Tito to Italy in 1971)

Author(s):Biljana Mišić Ilić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
Page Range:505-521
No. of Pages:17
Keywords:Yugoslavia; Italy; Josip Broz Tito; Aldo Moro; border;
Summary/Abstract:The visit of Josip Broz Tito in March 1971 was the first official visit of a Yugoslav chief of state to that country. It was originally set for December 1970 but it was postponed by several months. The reasons for the delay were political differences between the two countries revolving around the questions of not definitively determined borders, situation of minorities, citizenship and property that remained open after the Memorandum on Agreement had been signed and about which the two states conducted futile secret talks during the 1960s. During the several months long intensive preparations Yugoslav officials strove to include these bilateral moot questions into the agenda of the visit Slovenia particularly insisted on it, being primarily interested in regulating the status of the Slovene minority in Italy. On the other hand, the Italian political circles strove to avoid discussing these topics and to lend the visit a protocol character. Differing views on the contents of the talks and the character of the visit spurred the official Belgrade to postpon the visit After this decision both countries tried to overcome the misunderstanding and to realize the visit. The most important step in that direction was the meeting of the two foreign ministers, Aldo Moro and Mirko Tepavac in Venice in February 1971. The importance of this meeting lay in the fact that the unsolved bilateral matters were treated in an official form for the first time and on the level of ministers at that Only after this meeting the visit could be realized. During the visit the talks ran on three levels. Tito devoted most of the time to talks about international matters. The unresolved bilateral questions were the topic of talks between Tepavac and Moro, whereas economic topics were discussed between the member of the federal government Tomo Granfil and the minister of foreign trade Mario Zagari. Summing up the results of the visit both parties assessed it as a big success because a favourable political atmosphere was created for resolving the remaining open questions.

Price: 4.50 €

Jugoslavija i nastanak Izraela 1945-1948. godine

Jugoslavija i nastanak Izraela 1945-1948. godine
(Yugoslavia and the Creation of Israel 1945-1948)

Author(s):Aleksandar Životić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, International relations/trade, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:522-533
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Yugoslavia; Israel; Middle East; Arabs; Palestine; Josip Broz Tito;
Summary/Abstract:Between 1945 and 1956 Yugoslavia had political and economic relations with the nations of the Middle East, both with the Arab countries and with Israel. The focus of Yugoslav diplomacy in the region was the endeavor to improve mutual political and economic relations. Political relations were developed through direct contacts and common actions in international organizations. In regard to Arab-Israeli relations Yugoslavia tried to pursue a conciliatory policy of cooperation which often awoke suspicion and misunderstanding with both parties in the conflict. Good political relations were paving the way for the Yugoslav economy which resulted in increased export of Yugoslav goods into this market Within the framework of general development of mutual relations, ties in the field of culture were also strengthened, but they remained at the margins of overall political, economic and military relations.

Price: 4.50 €

Titoizam: tri perspektive

Titoizam: tri perspektive
(Titoism: Three Perspectives)

Author(s):Todor Kuljić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Political history, Sociology of Culture, History of Communism, Post-Communist Transformation, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:539-551
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:Titoism; Investigation perspectives; post-communist cultures of remembrance; history;
Summary/Abstract:Die Instrumentalisierung des Titoismus ist die Asymmetrie der verschiedenen Perspektiven und hegemonialen Erinnerungsrahmen Thema. In gewisser Weise ist Tito die Signatur des postjugoslawischen Raums geblieben. Im schon zu Lebzeiten kontroversen Machthaber sieht Author eine „vielschichtige Figur" die aus drei unterschiedlichen Perspektiven betrachtet werden kann: Aus der heute vorherrschenden „Froschperspektive" erscheint Tito als der große, unantastbare, totalitäre Herrscher. Dazu gehören die Nationalisten, die davon überzeugt sind, der Titoismus sei von außen in die Nationalgemeinschaft hineingetragen worden. Die „Vogelperspektive" zeigt hingegen, dass Jugoslawien unter dem autoritären Herrscher Tito einen außerordentlichen Modernisierungs- und Mobilitätsschub erlebte. Die „Flugzeugperspektive" legt eine SichtaufTito als den„letzte Habsburger des Balkans" nahe - wobei Habsburg hier als „Metapher für den Herrscher in einem multinationalen Staat" gilt. Hier werden die Grundmerkmale der postkommunistischen Erinnerungskulturen der postjugoslawischen Staaten rekapituliert Einen differenzierten Blick auf den Titoismus, der dem Balkan fast fünfzig Jahre des Friedens ermöglichte, so lautet das Zwischenfazit, gibt es bisher nicht. Stattdessen dominiert eine einseitig dämonisierende Form der Vergangenheitsbewältigung. Das führte zu einer sehr selektiven Geschichtsauffassung.

Price: 4.50 €

Tri Titove Jugoslavije: moćna, napredna i zločinačka. Tri kontekstualna okvira istoriografskih tumačenja istorije socijalističke Jugoslavije

Tri Titove Jugoslavije: moćna, napredna i zločinačka. Tri kontekstualna okvira istoriografskih tumačenja istorije socijalističke Jugoslavije
(The Three Yugoslavias of Tito: the Powerful One, the Progressive One and the Criminal One. Three Contextual Frames of Historiographical Interpretation of the Socialist Yugoslavia)

Author(s):Miroslav Jovanović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Political Philosophy, Political history, Government/Political systems, Philosophy of History
Page Range:552-561
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Yugoslavia; socialism; historiography; paradigms of interpretation;
Summary/Abstract:This article is an attempt to determine three different concepts of historiographical explanations of the history of Yugoslavia during the period of socialism (1945-1991), and how those concepts and different paradigms over history of socialistic Yugoslavia: paradigm of historicism, paradigm of modernization, and totalitarian paradigm - are changing scientific contextualization of contemporary history of socialistic Yugoslavia.

Price: 4.50 €

The Past With a Future: The Emancipatory Potential of Yugonostalgia

The Past With a Future: The Emancipatory Potential of Yugonostalgia
(The Past With a Future: The Emancipatory Potential of Yugonostalgia)

Author(s):Mitja Velikonja
Language:English
Subject(s):Political Philosophy, Political history, Social history, Sociology of Politics, Philosophy of History
Page Range:562-581
No. of Pages:20
Keywords:Yugoslavia; yugonostalgia; active nostalgia; passive nostalgia; counter-hegemony; collective memory; post-socialist transition;
Summary/Abstract:The article is focused on the active, emancipatory and counter-hegemonic potential of yugonostalgia and its creative inspiration. It is arguing that nostalgia is much more than an intimate, passive and bitter-sweet story invented by post-Yugoslavs to lament on their better past, but a new liberating discourse and an ideological platform with the potential to influence current political developments.

Price: 5.00 €

Herojstvo, mučeništvo i karizma u civilnoj religiji titoizma. Proturječja između Titovog kulta i kulta narodnih heroja Jugoslavije

Herojstvo, mučeništvo i karizma u civilnoj religiji titoizma. Proturječja između Titovog kulta i kulta narodnih heroja Jugoslavije
(Heroism, Martyrdom and Charisma in Civil Religion of Titoism. Contradictions between Tito's Cult and the Cult of Peoples' Heroes of Yugoslavia)

Author(s):Vjekoslav Perica
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Political history, Government/Political systems, Sociology of Culture, History of Communism, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:582-597
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:Tito Josip Broz; 1892-1980; World War II; Antifascist Partisan resistance Movement in Yugoslavia 1941-1945; Socialist Yugoslavia 1945-1990; Patriotic Symbols; Myths and Rituals;
Summary/Abstract:Josip Broz Tito founded and ruled socialist-era Yugoslavia for 35 years. His personal cult was a part of a more complex system of myths, symbols and rituals for legitimating the nation and the regime that this article calls civil religion of titoism. This civil religion consisted of a number of elements such the Tito personal cult, the „Peoples' Heroes" cult, the Myth of the Partisans Antifascist War, etc. The article discovers and analyzes comparatively the Tito personal cult against the peoples' Heroes cult i.e. the cult of the fighters in World War II that liberated and founded the nation but most of them sacrificed their lives in that struggle.. It discovers a striking contradiction between the traditional Balkan, i.e. Eastern pattern of ascetic-puritan and self-sacrificing hero-martyr of the Peoples' hero versus Tito's cult based on his personal charisma and nonascetic or „western" lifestyle. However, Tito’s cult acquires the missing martyr dimension at the end of his life during his illness and death.

Price: 4.50 €

Otvaranje i popularizacija: Muzej 25. maj i transformacija prostora Dedinja

Otvaranje i popularizacija: Muzej 25. maj i transformacija prostora Dedinja
(Opening and Popularization: The Museum of May 25 and the Transformation of the Dedinje Neighborhood)

Author(s):Aleksandar Ignjatović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Museology & Heritage Studies, History of ideas, Political history, Sociology of Culture, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:601-614
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:The Museum of May 25; the socialist Yugoslavia; continuity/discontinuity; architecture; ideology;
Summary/Abstract:The Museum of May 25 was erected at Dedinje in 1962 and it was the first public building in this, until then exclusive Belgrade neighborhood. As the center of the ritualization of the Day of Youth and spacing of the ideology of the Yugoslav socialism, the museum was just a part of an ambitiously designed whole. In ideological and performing cooperation with the Stadium of the Yugoslav People’s Army nearby, surrounding parks and free space, as well as with the residential complex where Josip Broz Tito lived, the Museum of May 25 was an extremely functional narrative of the new ideological matrix in the old area of Dedinje and Topčider marked by the removed seat of the ruler. However, despite the multiple connections to the traditional pattern of representing political power - concerning the topos, architecture and iconography – the Museum of May 25 re-marked the Dedinje and Topčider area and partly democratized them for the first time in history. After Tito’s death the process of opening and popularization of this area started losing its importance. However, during the last two decades, the new political and ideological context brought about not only the change of the name, the purpose and the importance of the museum compound, but also triggered off a reversible process of repeated closing and fencing-off of Dedinje. The area preserved and fortified the meaning of a removed ruler’s center and of representation of power, but notits populist and democratic character.

Price: 4.50 €

„Druga Tita rodila je vila". Kako se pevalo (o) Titu

„Druga Tita rodila je vila". Kako se pevalo (o) Titu
(Comrade Tito was Born by a Fairy. How one Sung to/about Tito)

Author(s):Ana Hofman
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Music, Political history, Sociology of Culture, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:615-625
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:Tito; Yugoslav folklore; newly-composed folk music; politics of musical representations;
Summary/Abstract:Article addresses controversies of Tito’s musical persona in public discourse by examining two dominant narratives lines: the representations in the socalled Yugoslav folklore - the most important official genre for creating his mythical image and the representations of Tito as multisided musical persona particularly in the realm of popular music. Based on the analysis of songbooks from the period of World War II and those published after it, the paper deals with the ways in which the Tito’s public persona is created in accordance with the dominant narratives about the new socialist popular culture. Through analysis of their textual and musical content, it examines the ambivalent narratives in the creation of his public image: while the „institutionalized folklore" was seen as a appropriate genre for his representation in the public sphere, its commercial version, newly-composed folk music is not Tito's image of the classless, timeless and mythical figure is also used as a link between the mediating figure which provides the desired harmony between „new" and „old", tradition and modernization, but still strongly associated with the „elite" genres and established artists.

Price: 4.50 €

Otac svih jugoslovenskih naroda i narodnosti. (Re)interpretacije patrijarhalne figure J. B. Tita u sećanjima bivših Jugoslovena

Otac svih jugoslovenskih naroda i narodnosti. (Re)interpretacije patrijarhalne figure J. B. Tita u sećanjima bivših Jugoslovena
(The Father of all Yugoslav Nations and Nationalities. (Re)interpretations of Partiarchal Role off J. B. Tito Informer Yugoslavs' Memories)

Author(s):Tanja Petrović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):History of ideas, Political history, Sociology of Culture, Sociology of Politics, Identity of Collectives
Page Range:626-638
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; memory; narrative; workers; socialism;
Summary/Abstract:Yugoslav identity and the idea of brotherhood and unity of Yugoslav nations and nationalities were based on patriarchal authority of Josip Broz Tito. According to Boris Buden, the idea of Tito as a father of a family, which was widespread in the period Yugoslav socialism, was a fundamental characteristic of ideology of Titoism. For this reason, Tito’s role in the Yugoslav socialism is often interpreted in a totalitarian context which is characterized by a strong cult of personality and by a transfer of private, familial relations onto broader social relations and the public sphere.

Price: 4.50 €

Osavremenjivanje mita maršala Tita: Digitalne sadašnjosti poništenih prošlosti

Osavremenjivanje mita maršala Tita: Digitalne sadašnjosti poništenih prošlosti
(Modernization of Marshal Tito's Cult: Digital Todays of Deleated Yesterdays)

Author(s):Martin Pogačar
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Media studies, Electronic information storage and retrieval, History of ideas, Political history, Sociology of Culture, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:639-651
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:mobility; media objects; media reality; representation; Josip Broz Tito; post-socialism;
Summary/Abstract:Postsocialist realities are shaped by the digital communication technologies in side the framework of the digital media ecology (DME). Changes in understanding of the past preservation, archivation, reinvention and reinterpretation are induced by the development of technology in the media sphere. DME provides space and tools for re-emergence of history through individual storytelling. Digital display of the Yugoslav past finds its on-line manifestations in numerous exhibiting stiles, genres, strategies, connecting encyclopedic entries, blogs, personal web pages, audio and visual recordings, social networks, online museums. One of the most intriguing subjects, which is continuously repeating in post-Yugoslav past relationships is the most prominent icon of socialism – Josip Broz Tito. The article analyzes two cases of dealing with Tito’s heritage in the Digital Media Ecology: video „Jugoslavijo" posted at YouTube and internet page www.tito-bihac.org. Different audio/visual contents are combined in a specific Digital Media Objects, which are creating new personal and consequently collective visions of the past Analizing the capacities of digital presentation of the past as the space for social and/or political activity, the author states that digital media practices have a deeper meaning that surpasess a mear nostalgia, reinvention of the past, or a simple joke. Furthermore, in DME shared creativity together with the interpretations of the past can provide wider framework on the usage of the Yugoslav history.

Price: 4.50 €

Titova komunikaciona strategija kao politički činilac

Titova komunikaciona strategija kao politički činilac
(Tito's Communication Strategy as a Political Factor)

Author(s):Predrag J. Marković
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Media studies, Political history, Government/Political systems, Politics and communication, History of Communism, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:655-669
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:public relations; Josip Broz Tito; representation politics; Cold War; media;
Summary/Abstract:The paper tries to explain Tito’s communication strategy on several characteristic examples, from three different phases of his life. The first one is from his way to power within the Communist Party in 1928. His sudden rise in the ranks of the Party was partly enabled by his skilful performance at the 8th conference of the Zagreb’s Communists. Thereafter he attracted the attention of the public opinion, as well as of the Moscow, by his attitude at the „Bombers trial". He demonstrated a firm attitude that affirmed the public image of Communists. The second example of Tito’s communication strategy could be found in 1955-1956. Khrushchev came to Belgrade in May 1955 to apology for the Stalinist policy toward Yugoslavia. This led Tito to the conclusion that he could be a mentor to Soviets themselves. Therefore, he gave over enthusiastic statement on the future of socialism in Stalingrad, during his triumphal visit in 1956. Seeing the shock of the Western Allies, he immediately gave another, more balanced statement During 1956, he had to overcome complex and frustrating position of Yugoslavia in the Hungarian crisis. He also used a communication strategy to do so. Finally, perhaps the most brilliant case of his communication strategy is TV speech devoted to student rebellion in June of 1968. Contrary to all expectations of the more dogmatic Party apparatchiks, he supported students, with few „exceptions". Later this „exceptions" turned to be victims of the regime’s persecution. But, in the wake of his famous speech everybody was delighted: students, foreign media, even some dissidents. His careful timing and the precise calibrating of messages in this speech have remained as an example of the communication mastery.

Price: 4.50 €

Tito's Archipelagos: Liminal Spaces of the Third Path

Tito's Archipelagos: Liminal Spaces of the Third Path
(Tito's Archipelagos: Liminal Spaces of the Third Path)

Author(s):Tatjana Petzer
Language:English
Subject(s):Applied Geography, Governance, Political history, Government/Political systems
Page Range:670-683
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:third-path model; liminality; Yugoslavism; the Yug / South; space policy; prison islands; Brioni archipelago;
Summary/Abstract:In this paper I investigate Tito's space politics which followed his rhetoric of political in-betweeness and was marked by a specific logic of decentralization and territorial reorganization. After the Tito-Stalin-split, Yugoslavia’s 'Third Path' was literarily put on stage at its southern periphery where particular areas of an exclusive Yugoslavism were created on the archipelagos. Especially two forbidden insular areas, the President’s residence on the Brioni Isles and the prison-islands of Goli Otok and Sveti Grgur, give evidence of ambivalent socio-political strategies, i. e. of marginalization and exclusiveness respectively, that should guarantee a self-determined development and transformation into the visionary 'third' space. The prison camps in the midst of the Dalmatian holiday paradise and the imperial-cosmopolitan stage on the Brioni archipelago are regarded as pictorial examples of the former Yugoslavia's liminal condition. They constituted ‘anti-structures’ within a society which acted as a threshold towards a new socio-political order beyond the two major blocs of the Cold War era. In both cases, the territorial strategies of inclusion and exclusion give some indication of how the delicate balance between East and West was enabled by the creation of liminal spaces that would transcend and also transgress the Yugoslav socio-cultural system.

Price: 4.50 €

Između avangarde i cenzure: Tito i umetnost šezdesetih

Između avangarde i cenzure: Tito i umetnost šezdesetih
(Between Avant-Garde and Censorship: Tito and the Art in 1960s)

Author(s):Radina Vučetić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Cultural history, Political history, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Sociology of Politics, Sociology of Art
Page Range:684-706
No. of Pages:23
Keywords:modernism; avant-garde; censorship; art in the SFRY; Yugoslavia; Tito; 1960s;
Summary/Abstract:Avant-gard on exhibitions, on theatrical stages, on cinema screens and in concert halls was one of the specific features of the art scene in socialist Yugoslavia. The cream of the world avant-gard started arriving in Yugoslavia already in the 1950s and Yugoslav artists started creating works in the spirit of modernism and avant-garde. The presence of avant-garde sent into the world an image of an extremely modern, liberal and free country in which the avantgarde became the mainstream, in a way. However, the presence of the avantgarde in Yugoslavia doesn't present the true picture of artistic life. Exactly the time when avant-garde was on the ascent in Yugoslavia, was the time of court bans and pressure on artists. Films were banned, criticized or disappeared from cinema repertoirs (The Town, The Return, The Trap, A Man from the Oak Forest, Morning...), and consorship hit theater too, where only in 1968/69 plays Hats Down, As Pumpkins Bloomed and The Second Door to the Left were taken off the repertoir. Similar pressure was visible in the case of the journals Književne novine or Student who suffered governemnt blows in the late 1960s. Openness for fredom of the form, but not openness for critical examination of reality were characteristics of artistic life in SFRY.

Price: 5.00 €

Tito i popularna kultura

Tito i popularna kultura
(Tito and the Popular Culture)

Author(s):Zoran Janjetović
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Music, Political history, Government/Political systems, Film / Cinema / Cinematography, Sociology of Politics, Sociology of Art
Page Range:707-717
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; popular culture; music; film; Yugoslavia; socialism;
Summary/Abstract:The paper tries to depict Tito as a lover, a user, an object and a manipulator of popular culture. Based primarily on surviving testimonies of contemporary personages from the world of show-business, it is both a contribution to the study of Tito's personality and to the study of the Yugoslav socialist society. The conclusion is that Tito, as a conoseur, enjoyed the products of popular culture - particularly music and films - but that he also used them to enhance his own popularity. After the collapse of socialism, his person also began to be turned into an icon of popular culture.

Price: 4.50 €

Slika Josipa Broza Tita u partizanskom ratnom spektaklu

Slika Josipa Broza Tita u partizanskom ratnom spektaklu
(Image of J. B. Tito in Partisan War Epics)

Author(s):Nemanja Zvijer
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Political history, Government/Political systems, Politics and society, Sociology of Culture, Film / Cinema / Cinematography, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:718-730
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:Tito; socialistic Yugoslavia; partisan war epics; ideology; politics;
Summary/Abstract:This text should provide a sort of sketch for a film portrait of Josip Broz Tito. Partisan war epics were taken as examples for Tito’s cinematic image. Among the selected films, attention is particularly focused on those about seven military operations of German army and its allies against Yugoslav partisans during the World War Two. Those battles became very significant (in real and symbolic sense) for ideological discourse of Yugoslav communists, while the films about them were an important segment of the socialistic Yugoslav cinematography and popular culture in general. The modes of film construction of Tito's image will be observed through these films. Also, partially will be considered the role of the J. B. Tito in production of these films. In a broader sense, this kind of analysis should provide insights in mechanisms of visual ideologization and ideologization the popular culture in socialism, in which the partisan film was a kind of brand, and Tito's charisma formula that could not fail.

Price: 4.50 €

Antititovske/antijugoslovenske karikature u Bugarskoj (1948-1953): Slučaj Stršljen

Antititovske/antijugoslovenske karikature u Bugarskoj (1948-1953): Slučaj Stršljen
(The Bulgarian Cartoons against Tito and Yugoslavia (1948-1953): The Case of Hornet)

Author(s):Dmitar Grigorov
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Visual Arts, Political history, International relations/trade, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:731-738
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Bulgaria; FPRY/Yugoslavia; caricature; Josip Broz Tito; the Tito-Stalin conflict; propaganda; art; press;
Summary/Abstract:The article deals with a relatively marginal topic which is part of a much larger framework that shapes the Tito-Stalin conflict after the Cominform resolution against Yugoslavia - namely the cartoon propaganda which took place in Bulgaria. The accent is put on the cartoons dedicated to the Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito in particular and Yugoslavia in general. This problem is discussed on the background of the dynamical and controversial Bulgarian-Yugoslav and Bulgarian-Serbian relations. The author tries to examine whether Bulgarian cartoons after 1948 used the older Bulgarian stereotypes regarding Serbs and Yugoslavs and whether there were new messages which under the influence of communist ideology departed from traditional images attached to the Bulgaria’s western neighbors.

Price: 4.50 €

Sovjetski uticaj i Josip Broz Tito uoči izbijanja ustanka u Jugoslaviji 1941. godine

Sovjetski uticaj i Josip Broz Tito uoči izbijanja ustanka u Jugoslaviji 1941. godine
(The Soviet Influence in Yugoslavia and Josip Broz Tito on the Eve of Uprising in Yugoslavia in 1941)

Author(s):Aleksej J. Timofejev
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Military history, Political history, International relations/trade, Security and defense, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of Communism
Page Range:741-749
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:Tito; World war 2; intelligence service; partisan war; Comintern;
Summary/Abstract:In the holdings of the Comintern reports by J. B. Tito are preserved that testify to the role of this organization in appointing new leader of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) and in determining personal and financial policy of the Party on the eve of WWII. Considerable number of Yugoslav communists received good military-partisan training in the USSSR and Spain during the prewar period. It is very likely that Josip Broz Ttio himself was educated at the „partisan school" in the USSR and that he later taught there himself. Connection with the Soviet security organs is also proven by Tito's special engagement in a tricky „cader" matter during the Spanish civil war. After the defeat of the Spanish republic most of the Yugoslav „Spaniards" were interned in France. Only in 1941 did part of the „Spaniards" manage to return to the Balkans. According to the official version of Tito’s biography the whole action was organized by Cvetko Većeslav Flores „without anyone’s help". Obviously someone with military and partisan experience had to help the Yugoslav communists to reach their homeland on the eve of the uprising. In the Comintern’s files of the Yugoslav „Spaniards" questionaries about their engagement on the Iberian Peninsula appeared in late 1940 and early 1941. These enquieries in the files of the Yugoslav „Spaniards" were made at the request of the „external organization" i.e. of the Soviet intelligence service. Some 250 former Spanish combatants took part in the events in Yugoslavia 1941-1945 and to all intents they were one of the main pillars in creation of the partisan movement The ascent of Tito’s career was aided by several factors which had different importance atvarious stages of his career. On the eve of 1941 the most dominant were the endeavors of Soviet instructiors to impart the Yugoslav Party cadres and even J. B. Tito himself, military and special skills during the 1929-1938 period. An important role was played by Tito’s ties with the Cadre's Department of the Comintern and the Soviet intelligence organs which Tito forged during the sending of Yugoslav cadres to Spain.

Price: 4.50 €

Tito’s Cult: Chronological Borders and Intensity

Tito’s Cult: Chronological Borders and Intensity
(Tito’s Cult: Chronological Borders and Intensity)

Author(s):Nikita Bondarev
Language:English
Subject(s):Cultural history, History of ideas, Political history, Politics and society, Sociology of Culture, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:750-754
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:Tito’s cult; image building; Agitprop; Grigori Skrigin; Antoun Augustincic; Radovan Zogovic;
Summary/Abstract:Tito's cult was created during the partisan days and broken in 1989. It was „alive and kicking" during all the days of the socialist Yugoslavia and every attack on the image of Tito was oppressed by the police.

Price: 4.50 €

Titov vojni i politički uspon u Drugom svetskom ratu

Titov vojni i politički uspon u Drugom svetskom ratu
(Tito's Military and Political Rise in WWII)

Author(s):Milan Terzić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Military history, Political history, Government/Political systems, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Peace and Conflict Studies
Page Range:755-759
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:Yugoslavia; Tito; big powers; WWII; military conflict; political rise; government; representation of the state;
Summary/Abstract:Josip Broz Tito laid foundations of his military and subsequently political rise during WWII. Realizing that he and his movement could be acceptable for the western allies even though they were aware of its ideological pro-Soviet orientation, he pragmatically built his international position. Having reached the compromise with the royal Yugoslav government in order to receive the international recognition, he conquered power inspired by his ideological ally, the USSR. He came out of the war as a recognizable fighter against fascism whereas the partisan movement of Yugoslavia ranked among the powers who opposed Hitler within the anti-fascist coalition. Combining the skill of a general and a politician Tito appropriated for himself and the movement he was leading, the position of an actor accepted by great powers.

Price: 4.50 €

„I posle Tita – Tito”. Održavanje i rušenje Titovog kulta u Srbiji 1980-1990.

„I posle Tita – Tito”. Održavanje i rušenje Titovog kulta u Srbiji 1980-1990.
(„Even After Tito – Tito”. Bolstering and Destroying Tito's Cult in Serbia 1980-1990)

Author(s):Kosta Nikolić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, History of ideas, Political history, Sociology of Culture, History of Communism, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:760-778
No. of Pages:19
Keywords:Yugoslavia; socialism; ideology; personality cult; anticommunism; political system;
Summary/Abstract:The Yugoslav political system was an attempt to create a new reality in virtue of the principles of „communist philosophy of history" (scientific socialism), shaping it and managing it The one-party power of CPY/UCY was the result, but also Tito’s personal power. His cult in Serbia was part of the political identity and no-one questioned itutil mid 1980s when political processes that would lead to the break-up of Yugoslavia started. A historical phenomenon occurred in Serbia at that time where the ruling political oligarchy still respected the „person and the work" of Josip Broz, but transformed it in keeping with its political tenets, using only those elements of the cult that were useful at a given moment. At the end of that process, Tito’s cult in Serbia was completely abandoned but Serbia still remained a typical ideocratic state, because the ideology of class was substituted for the ideology of nation.

Price: 4.50 €

Titov kult u Jugoslovenskoj narodnoj armiji

Titov kult u Jugoslovenskoj narodnoj armiji
(The Tito Cult in the Yugoslav People's Army)

Author(s):Mihajlo Basara
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, History of ideas, Military history, Political history, Sociology of Culture, History of Communism, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:779-796
No. of Pages:18
Keywords:the Tito cult; Yugoslav People's Army; ideology; socialism;
Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses the ideological obstacles to the research of Tito's era, characteristics of the cult in the self-managing socialism and its special features in the Army, as well as characteristics and manifestations in the Yugoslav People's Army (YPA). The author concludes that Tito's course towards liberalization of socialism in the form of self-management, as well as the results achieved in the modernization of the country, reduced the leeway for a broader use of the cult as an ideological instrument, especially in comparison with the countries of the former Eastern Block. Simultaneously with that, the historical science was rearranged and Tito became the creator of the theory and practice of socialism in Yugoslavia. With the YPA personnel loyalty was secured through selection (participation in WWW, social background, ideological background of parents), Party control and planned and systematic indoctrination. Having been coupled with the process of training, including the Army into peacekeeping operations and military-industrial activities and also having been to a larger degree under the influence of self-management due to the concept of General People's Defense, the cult in YPA hadn't the typical traits of a rigid personality cult. The break-up of Yugoslavia proved that Tito's cult wasn't of long duration. It was replaced by the cult of the nation and its new leaders.

Price: 4.50 €

Jugoslovenska armija - oslonac Titovog kulta ličnosti u prvim posleratnim godinama

Jugoslovenska armija - oslonac Titovog kulta ličnosti u prvim posleratnim godinama
(The Yugoslav Army - the Mainstay of Tito's Personality Cult in the First Post-War Years)

Author(s):Bojan B. Dimitrijević
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Military history, Political history, Sociology of Culture, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Sociology of Politics
Page Range:797-818
No. of Pages:22
Keywords:Tito; Yugoslavia; the Yugoslav People's Army; Cult of personality; military; Supreme Commander;
Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the creation and shaping of the personality cult of Marshal Tito in the Yugoslav Army during the first post-war decade. The author points out to the characteristics and the genesis of the myth, making a parallel with Stalin’s cult. It is pointed out that the Tito cult was very similar to Stalin’s one in the 1945-1948 period, but that many special features of Tito’s cult appeared after their split in 1948, that were particularly promoted by the Army. Tito’s cult was shaped and fortified through his visits to Army units and vice versa, through slogans, oaths and other manifestations, among which the ceremony of carrying the relay baton was specially emphasized. All in all, the military environment was very important for the development of his cult in the society, but his appearances in public attierd in Army uniform was a kind of demonstration of mutual relation between Tito and the Army, particularly in critical moments when military component of Tito’s power was stressed and a signal sent to domestic and foreign policy and public.

Price: 5.00 €

Titova podoba v slovenskih učbenikih

Titova podoba v slovenskih učbenikih
(The Image of Tito in Slovenian Textbooks)

Author(s):Aleš Gabrič
Language:Slovenian
Subject(s):Political history, History of Education, State/Government and Education, History of Communism, Sociology of Education
Page Range:819-829
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:Tito; the Communist rule; Slovenia; textbooks; students; education; Slovenia;
Summary/Abstract:One of the requirements set forth by the „cultural opposition" to the Communist regime in the 1980s was the de-idealisation present within the school system and the change of curricula set for the humanities and social-science subjects, which were too uncritical in their praise of Josip Broz Tito and the Communist rule period. The change that followed this requirement is also evident through a comparison of 20th century history textbooks. Among other things, the representation of Josip Broz Tito and his era in Slovenian textbooks underwent a significant change. In textbooks published during the Communist rule, Tito and the Communists were described in glorifying tones, while the crimes they committed after taking the power were left unmentioned and became taboo. The role of the Communist Party and Tito was also over-emphasised in relation to earlier periods, when neither actually played any significant political part As a result, most Slovenes believed that the Communist Party became the most important and influential political party in the Slovenian territory as early as the inter-war period when, in actual fact, it was at that time a peripheral and insignificant illegal party. In relation to the time after WWII, Tito was depicted as a great leader chosen by the people. Tito’s depiction as a great leader achieved its highest levels in textbooks published in the years following his death. In textbooks published after 1990, Tito and the Communists depicted in the period prior to WWII are featured only by way of exception. When presenting his rise to power during and after the war, the merits of the Liberation Movement are emphasised along with the flaws of the Communist authorities in relation to the terrorizing of their opponents and those with different views. Neither is the period marked by Communist rule presented in a uniform manner. Its modernisation and the differences with Communist regimes in other Eastern European countries are emphasised, as well as the negative consequences of the Communists’ political monopoly which manifested, for example, in Slovenia’s economy lagging behind its western neighbours, or in Tito’s cult of personality. The level of criticism towards the Communist regime increases as we move further away chronologically from its fall. Together with Hitler and Stalin, Josip Broz Tito remains one of the people that were most frequently mentioned people in the 20th century. Compared with them, however, Tito and his era are not denoted as uniformly negative. Compared to the textbooks dating from the period of the Communist rule, Tito is certainly represented much more realistically nowadays.

Price: 4.50 €

Josip Broz Tito na stranicama Vojnoistorijskog glasnika

Josip Broz Tito na stranicama Vojnoistorijskog glasnika
(Josip Broz Tito on the Pages of the Vojnoistorijski glasnik)

Author(s):Dmitar Tasić
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Media studies, Military history, Political history, Sociology of Culture
Page Range:830-841
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; Vojnoistorijski glasnik; personality cult; Yugoslav People's Army;
Summary/Abstract:During the 60 years of publication of the journal Vojnoistorijski glasnik it was to be expected that a prominent place in its pages would be granted to the person and the work of the Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito. Tito featured as the author of some contributions, usually aimed at explaining certain tenets of the complicated relations between Yugoslavia and the USSR. Over time Tito became interesting for authors of various fields, mostly from the top brass of the Yugoslav People’s Army and primarily with the aim of glorifying him and portraying him as a symbol of the Yugoslav unity and authentic approach to the development of the armed forces. The end of the Cold War, fall of communism and the break-up of Yugoslavia opened a new chapter in dealing with such a complicated subject as the place and the role of Josip Broz Tito in the more recent Yugoslav history. Thanks to the new researches based on archival sources, the „personality and work" of Josip Broz Tito migrated from journalism and yellow press to pages of several monographs and scholarly journals, among them to the Vojnoistorijski glasnik.

Price: 4.50 €

Ličnost Josipa Broza Tita u savremenoj makedonskoj istoriografiji

Ličnost Josipa Broza Tita u savremenoj makedonskoj istoriografiji
(Tito's Personality in Contemporary Macedonian Historiography)

Author(s):Ljubica Jančeva
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Cultural history, Governance, Political history, Sociology of Culture, Sociology of Politics
Page Range:842-847
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Josip Broz Tito; SFRY; Republic of Macedonia; historiography; historical persons;
Summary/Abstract:Macedonian historiography, which was part of Yugoslav historiography cherished Josip Broz Tito’s cult. After the independence of Macedonia there was a tendency in historiography for demystification of cults and for reevaluation of Tito’s political and historical role. In contemporary Macedonian historiography positive stereotypes of Tito are prevailing, lacking vulgar degradation.

Price: 4.50 €

O autorima

O autorima
(About the Authors)

Author(s):Author Not Specified
Language:Serbian
Subject(s):Essay|Book Review |Scientific Life
Page Range:848-860
No. of Pages:13

Price: 4.50 €

Tito - Viđenja i tumačenja Tito - Views and Interpretations

Josip Broz Tito: Različite istorijske perspektive

Josip Broz Tito: Različite istorijske perspektive (Josip Broz Tito: Different Historical Perspectives)

„Bratstvo i jedinstvo" u političkom govoru jugoslovenskih komunista 1919-1945. godine

„Bratstvo i jedinstvo" u političkom govoru jugoslovenskih komunista 1919-1945. godine („Brotherhood and Unity" in Political Parlance of the Yugoslav Communists 1919-1945)

Jugoslovenstvo Josipa Broza Tita: kontinuitet ili diskontinuitet?

Jugoslovenstvo Josipa Broza Tita: kontinuitet ili diskontinuitet? (Tito's Yugoslavism: Continuity or Discontinuity?)

Josip Broz Tito i jugoslovenski federalizam (1963-1974)

Josip Broz Tito i jugoslovenski federalizam (1963-1974) (Josip Broz Tito and the Yugoslav Federalism (1963-1974))

Tito: Glavna ličnost, vođa... uz druge Ili kako dovesti u pitanje mit o imobilizmu za vreme socijalizma

Tito: Glavna ličnost, vođa... uz druge Ili kako dovesti u pitanje mit o imobilizmu za vreme socijalizma (Tito: The Main Character, Leader... Along with the Others or How to Challenge the Myth of Immobilism Socialism)

Jugoslovenska posleratna emigracija i Josip Broz Tito. Naša reč o sukobu sa IB-om 1948-1949.

Jugoslovenska posleratna emigracija i Josip Broz Tito. Naša reč o sukobu sa IB-om 1948-1949. (The Yugoslav Post-War Emigration and Josip Broz Tito. Naša reč about the Conflict with the Informbuerau 1948-1949)

Josip Broz Tito i patrijarsi Srpske pravoslavne crkve (Gavrilo, Vikentije i German)

Josip Broz Tito i patrijarsi Srpske pravoslavne crkve (Gavrilo, Vikentije i German) (Josip Broz Tito and the Patriarchs of the Serbian Orthodox Church (Gavrilo, Vikentije, and German))

„Deset godina komunističkog raja" Miloš Moskovljević o Titovim pogledima na ekonomsku politiku (Dnevničke beleške 1949-1955. godine)

„Deset godina komunističkog raja" Miloš Moskovljević o Titovim pogledima na ekonomsku politiku (Dnevničke beleške 1949-1955. godine) („10 Years of Communist Paradise" Miloš Moskovljević on Tito's Views on Economic Policy Diary Notes 1949-1955)

Dobrica Ćosić o Josipu Brozu Titu. Skica za istraživanje političkog i intelektualnog odnosa

Dobrica Ćosić o Josipu Brozu Titu. Skica za istraživanje političkog i intelektualnog odnosa (Dobrica Ćosić on Josip Broz Tito. A Sketch for a Research of a Political and Intellectual Relationship)

Ljudi na strateškim mestima. Uzroci, posledice i smisao sukoba Josipa Broza Tita i Milovana Đilasa na Trećem (vanrednom) plenumu CK SKJ 1954. godine

Pristup Titovog režima Kosovu krajem pedesetih godina

Pristup Titovog režima Kosovu krajem pedesetih godina (The Approach of Tito's Regime to Kosovo in the Late 1950s)

Slovenci i Tito u prošlosti i danas

Slovenci i Tito u prošlosti i danas (Slovenians and Tito in the Past and Today)

Josip Broz Tito i nacionalni identitet Muslimana u Bosni i Hercegovini – dva viđenja

Josip Broz Tito i nacionalni identitet Muslimana u Bosni i Hercegovini – dva viđenja (Josip Broz Tito and the National Identity of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Two Views)

Albanska manjina u Titovoj Jugoslaviji kao faktor u jugoslovensko-albanskim odnosima (1945-1953)

Albanska manjina u Titovoj Jugoslaviji kao faktor u jugoslovensko-albanskim odnosima (1945-1953) (The Albanian Minority in Tito's Yugoslavia as a Factor in the Yugoslav-Albanian Relations (1945-1953))

Titove dileme o AVNOJ-u i o ustavnom uređenju Jugoslavije 1943-1946. godine. Sa posebnim osvrtom na Republiku Makedoniju

Titove dileme o AVNOJ-u i o ustavnom uređenju Jugoslavije 1943-1946. godine. Sa posebnim osvrtom na Republiku Makedoniju (Tito's Dilemmas Concerning the AVNOJ and the Constitutional Order of Yugoslavia 1943-1946. With Special Reference to the Republic of Macedonia)

Uloga Josipa Broza Tita u definisanju srpskog etničkog prostora

Uloga Josipa Broza Tita u definisanju srpskog etničkog prostora (The Role of Josip Broz Tito in Defining the Serbian Ethnic Territory)

„Rijetki trenuci odmora" Tito i slobodno vrijeme

„Rijetki trenuci odmora" Tito i slobodno vrijeme („Rare Moments of Rest" Tito and Leisure)

Pogledi Josipa Broza na neke probleme jugoslovenskog društva šezdesetih godina 20. veka

Pogledi Josipa Broza na neke probleme jugoslovenskog društva šezdesetih godina 20. veka (Josip Broz's Views on Some Problems of the Yugoslav Society in 1960s)

„Staro ne smije više nikad da se vrati". Tito i privredna politika FNRJ 1945-1955. godine

„Staro ne smije više nikad da se vrati". Tito i privredna politika FNRJ 1945-1955. godine („The Old Must Never Come Again". Tito and the Economic Policy 1945-1955)

Između javnog i privatnog: Tito o svakodnevici žena u socijalizmu

Između javnog i privatnog: Tito o svakodnevici žena u socijalizmu (Between the Public and Private: Tito about a Woman's Everyday Life in Socialism)

Titove titule: Josip Broz i naučne ustanove

Titove titule: Josip Broz i naučne ustanove (Tito's Titles: Josip Broz and Scholarly Institutions)

Tito's Yugoslavia as the Pivotal State of the Non-Aligned

Tito's Yugoslavia as the Pivotal State of the Non-Aligned (Tito's Yugoslavia as the Pivotal State of the Non-Aligned)

Tito i nesvrstani. Iskušenja na putu stvaranja asocijacije vanblokovskih država

Tito i nesvrstani. Iskušenja na putu stvaranja asocijacije vanblokovskih država (Tito and the Non-Aligned. Difficulties on the Way to Creating an Association of Out-of-Blocks States)

Havana 1979: Labudova pesma Titove lične diplomatije

Havana 1979: Labudova pesma Titove lične diplomatije (Havana 1979: Swan Song of Tito's Personal Diplomacy)

Viđenje Tita u američkim dokumentima 1951-1958.

Viđenje Tita u američkim dokumentima 1951-1958. (The Perception of the President of Tito in American Documents 1951-1958)

Indian Perceptions of Marshall President Josip Broz Tito: Yesterday and Today

Indian Perceptions of Marshall President Josip Broz Tito: Yesterday and Today (Indian Perceptions of Marshall President Josip Broz Tito: Yesterday and Today)

Sovjetsko-jugoslovenski sukob 1948.godine: Loša volja Staljina ili svestan izbor Josipa Broza Tita. Problem interpretacije

Sovjetsko-jugoslovenski sukob 1948.godine: Loša volja Staljina ili svestan izbor Josipa Broza Tita. Problem interpretacije (The Soviet-Yugoslav Conflict of 1948: Stalin's Bad Will or Tito's Conscious Choice. The Problem of Interpretation)

Aktiviranje jugoslovenskih informbiroovaca u Čehoslovačkoj 1968. godine

Aktiviranje jugoslovenskih informbiroovaca u Čehoslovačkoj 1968. godine (Activation of the Yugoslav Adherents of the Informbuerau in Czechoslovakia in 1968)

Josip Broz Tito i čehoslovačka javnost 1945-1948. godine

Josip Broz Tito i čehoslovačka javnost 1945-1948. godine (Josip Broz Tito and the Czechoslovak Public 1945-1948)

Tito i Austrijanci: Susreti Josipa Broza Tita sa vodećim ličnostima austrijske politike 60-ih i 70-ih godina

Tito i Austrijanci: Susreti Josipa Broza Tita sa vodećim ličnostima austrijske politike 60-ih i 70-ih godina (Tito and the Austrians: Meetings of Josip Broz Tito with the Leading Personages of Austrian Politics in 1960s and 1970s)

Poseta Josipa Broza Tita Italiji 1971. godine

Poseta Josipa Broza Tita Italiji 1971. godine (The Visit of Josip Broz Tito to Italy in 1971)

Jugoslavija i nastanak Izraela 1945-1948. godine

Jugoslavija i nastanak Izraela 1945-1948. godine (Yugoslavia and the Creation of Israel 1945-1948)

Titoizam: tri perspektive

Titoizam: tri perspektive (Titoism: Three Perspectives)

Tri Titove Jugoslavije: moćna, napredna i zločinačka. Tri kontekstualna okvira istoriografskih tumačenja istorije socijalističke Jugoslavije

The Past With a Future: The Emancipatory Potential of Yugonostalgia

The Past With a Future: The Emancipatory Potential of Yugonostalgia (The Past With a Future: The Emancipatory Potential of Yugonostalgia)

Herojstvo, mučeništvo i karizma u civilnoj religiji titoizma. Proturječja između Titovog kulta i kulta narodnih heroja Jugoslavije

Herojstvo, mučeništvo i karizma u civilnoj religiji titoizma. Proturječja između Titovog kulta i kulta narodnih heroja Jugoslavije (Heroism, Martyrdom and Charisma in Civil Religion of Titoism. Contradictions between Tito's Cult and the Cult of Peoples' Heroes of Yugoslavia)

Otvaranje i popularizacija: Muzej 25. maj i transformacija prostora Dedinja

Otvaranje i popularizacija: Muzej 25. maj i transformacija prostora Dedinja (Opening and Popularization: The Museum of May 25 and the Transformation of the Dedinje Neighborhood)

„Druga Tita rodila je vila". Kako se pevalo (o) Titu

„Druga Tita rodila je vila". Kako se pevalo (o) Titu (Comrade Tito was Born by a Fairy. How one Sung to/about Tito)

Otac svih jugoslovenskih naroda i narodnosti. (Re)interpretacije patrijarhalne figure J. B. Tita u sećanjima bivših Jugoslovena

Otac svih jugoslovenskih naroda i narodnosti. (Re)interpretacije patrijarhalne figure J. B. Tita u sećanjima bivših Jugoslovena (The Father of all Yugoslav Nations and Nationalities. (Re)interpretations of Partiarchal Role off J. B. Tito Informer Yugoslavs' Memories)

Osavremenjivanje mita maršala Tita: Digitalne sadašnjosti poništenih prošlosti

Osavremenjivanje mita maršala Tita: Digitalne sadašnjosti poništenih prošlosti (Modernization of Marshal Tito's Cult: Digital Todays of Deleated Yesterdays)

Titova komunikaciona strategija kao politički činilac

Tito - Viđenja i tumačenja
Tito - Views and Interpretations

Josip Broz Tito: Različite istorijske perspektive
(Josip Broz Tito: Different Historical Perspectives)

„Bratstvo i jedinstvo" u političkom govoru jugoslovenskih komunista 1919-1945. godine
(„Brotherhood and Unity" in Political Parlance of the Yugoslav Communists 1919-1945)

Jugoslovenstvo Josipa Broza Tita: kontinuitet ili diskontinuitet?
(Tito's Yugoslavism: Continuity or Discontinuity?)

Josip Broz Tito i jugoslovenski federalizam (1963-1974)
(Josip Broz Tito and the Yugoslav Federalism (1963-1974))

Tito: Glavna ličnost, vođa... uz druge Ili kako dovesti u pitanje mit o imobilizmu za vreme socijalizma
(Tito: The Main Character, Leader... Along with the Others or How to Challenge the Myth of Immobilism Socialism)

Jugoslovenska posleratna emigracija i Josip Broz Tito. Naša reč o sukobu sa IB-om 1948-1949.
(The Yugoslav Post-War Emigration and Josip Broz Tito. Naša reč about the Conflict with the Informbuerau 1948-1949)

Josip Broz Tito i patrijarsi Srpske pravoslavne crkve (Gavrilo, Vikentije i German)
(Josip Broz Tito and the Patriarchs of the Serbian Orthodox Church (Gavrilo, Vikentije, and German))

„Deset godina komunističkog raja" Miloš Moskovljević o Titovim pogledima na ekonomsku politiku (Dnevničke beleške 1949-1955. godine)
(„10 Years of Communist Paradise" Miloš Moskovljević on Tito's Views on Economic Policy Diary Notes 1949-1955)

Dobrica Ćosić o Josipu Brozu Titu. Skica za istraživanje političkog i intelektualnog odnosa
(Dobrica Ćosić on Josip Broz Tito. A Sketch for a Research of a Political and Intellectual Relationship)

Pristup Titovog režima Kosovu krajem pedesetih godina
(The Approach of Tito's Regime to Kosovo in the Late 1950s)

Slovenci i Tito u prošlosti i danas
(Slovenians and Tito in the Past and Today)

Josip Broz Tito i nacionalni identitet Muslimana u Bosni i Hercegovini – dva viđenja
(Josip Broz Tito and the National Identity of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Two Views)

Albanska manjina u Titovoj Jugoslaviji kao faktor u jugoslovensko-albanskim odnosima (1945-1953)
(The Albanian Minority in Tito's Yugoslavia as a Factor in the Yugoslav-Albanian Relations (1945-1953))

Titove dileme o AVNOJ-u i o ustavnom uređenju Jugoslavije 1943-1946. godine. Sa posebnim osvrtom na Republiku Makedoniju
(Tito's Dilemmas Concerning the AVNOJ and the Constitutional Order of Yugoslavia 1943-1946. With Special Reference to the Republic of Macedonia)

Uloga Josipa Broza Tita u definisanju srpskog etničkog prostora
(The Role of Josip Broz Tito in Defining the Serbian Ethnic Territory)

„Rijetki trenuci odmora" Tito i slobodno vrijeme
(„Rare Moments of Rest" Tito and Leisure)

Pogledi Josipa Broza na neke probleme jugoslovenskog društva šezdesetih godina 20. veka
(Josip Broz's Views on Some Problems of the Yugoslav Society in 1960s)

„Staro ne smije više nikad da se vrati". Tito i privredna politika FNRJ 1945-1955. godine
(„The Old Must Never Come Again". Tito and the Economic Policy 1945-1955)

Između javnog i privatnog: Tito o svakodnevici žena u socijalizmu
(Between the Public and Private: Tito about a Woman's Everyday Life in Socialism)

Titove titule: Josip Broz i naučne ustanove
(Tito's Titles: Josip Broz and Scholarly Institutions)

Tito's Yugoslavia as the Pivotal State of the Non-Aligned
(Tito's Yugoslavia as the Pivotal State of the Non-Aligned)

Tito i nesvrstani. Iskušenja na putu stvaranja asocijacije vanblokovskih država
(Tito and the Non-Aligned. Difficulties on the Way to Creating an Association of Out-of-Blocks States)

Havana 1979: Labudova pesma Titove lične diplomatije
(Havana 1979: Swan Song of Tito's Personal Diplomacy)

Viđenje Tita u američkim dokumentima 1951-1958.
(The Perception of the President of Tito in American Documents 1951-1958)

Indian Perceptions of Marshall President Josip Broz Tito: Yesterday and Today
(Indian Perceptions of Marshall President Josip Broz Tito: Yesterday and Today)

Sovjetsko-jugoslovenski sukob 1948.godine: Loša volja Staljina ili svestan izbor Josipa Broza Tita. Problem interpretacije
(The Soviet-Yugoslav Conflict of 1948: Stalin's Bad Will or Tito's Conscious Choice. The Problem of Interpretation)

Aktiviranje jugoslovenskih informbiroovaca u Čehoslovačkoj 1968. godine
(Activation of the Yugoslav Adherents of the Informbuerau in Czechoslovakia in 1968)

Josip Broz Tito i čehoslovačka javnost 1945-1948. godine
(Josip Broz Tito and the Czechoslovak Public 1945-1948)

Tito i Austrijanci: Susreti Josipa Broza Tita sa vodećim ličnostima austrijske politike 60-ih i 70-ih godina
(Tito and the Austrians: Meetings of Josip Broz Tito with the Leading Personages of Austrian Politics in 1960s and 1970s)

Poseta Josipa Broza Tita Italiji 1971. godine
(The Visit of Josip Broz Tito to Italy in 1971)

Jugoslavija i nastanak Izraela 1945-1948. godine
(Yugoslavia and the Creation of Israel 1945-1948)

Titoizam: tri perspektive
(Titoism: Three Perspectives)

The Past With a Future: The Emancipatory Potential of Yugonostalgia
(The Past With a Future: The Emancipatory Potential of Yugonostalgia)

Herojstvo, mučeništvo i karizma u civilnoj religiji titoizma. Proturječja između Titovog kulta i kulta narodnih heroja Jugoslavije
(Heroism, Martyrdom and Charisma in Civil Religion of Titoism. Contradictions between Tito's Cult and the Cult of Peoples' Heroes of Yugoslavia)

Otvaranje i popularizacija: Muzej 25. maj i transformacija prostora Dedinja
(Opening and Popularization: The Museum of May 25 and the Transformation of the Dedinje Neighborhood)

„Druga Tita rodila je vila". Kako se pevalo (o) Titu
(Comrade Tito was Born by a Fairy. How one Sung to/about Tito)

Otac svih jugoslovenskih naroda i narodnosti. (Re)interpretacije patrijarhalne figure J. B. Tita u sećanjima bivših Jugoslovena
(The Father of all Yugoslav Nations and Nationalities. (Re)interpretations of Partiarchal Role off J. B. Tito Informer Yugoslavs' Memories)

Osavremenjivanje mita maršala Tita: Digitalne sadašnjosti poništenih prošlosti
(Modernization of Marshal Tito's Cult: Digital Todays of Deleated Yesterdays)

Titova komunikaciona strategija kao politički činilac
(Tito's Communication Strategy as a Political Factor)

Tito's Archipelagos: Liminal Spaces of the Third Path
(Tito's Archipelagos: Liminal Spaces of the Third Path)

Između avangarde i cenzure: Tito i umetnost šezdesetih
(Between Avant-Garde and Censorship: Tito and the Art in 1960s)

Tito i popularna kultura
(Tito and the Popular Culture)

Slika Josipa Broza Tita u partizanskom ratnom spektaklu
(Image of J. B. Tito in Partisan War Epics)

Antititovske/antijugoslovenske karikature u Bugarskoj (1948-1953): Slučaj Stršljen
(The Bulgarian Cartoons against Tito and Yugoslavia (1948-1953): The Case of Hornet)

Sovjetski uticaj i Josip Broz Tito uoči izbijanja ustanka u Jugoslaviji 1941. godine
(The Soviet Influence in Yugoslavia and Josip Broz Tito on the Eve of Uprising in Yugoslavia in 1941)

Tito’s Cult: Chronological Borders and Intensity
(Tito’s Cult: Chronological Borders and Intensity)

Titov vojni i politički uspon u Drugom svetskom ratu
(Tito's Military and Political Rise in WWII)

„I posle Tita – Tito”. Održavanje i rušenje Titovog kulta u Srbiji 1980-1990.
(„Even After Tito – Tito”. Bolstering and Destroying Tito's Cult in Serbia 1980-1990)

Titov kult u Jugoslovenskoj narodnoj armiji
(The Tito Cult in the Yugoslav People's Army)

Jugoslovenska armija - oslonac Titovog kulta ličnosti u prvim posleratnim godinama
(The Yugoslav Army - the Mainstay of Tito's Personality Cult in the First Post-War Years)

Titova podoba v slovenskih učbenikih
(The Image of Tito in Slovenian Textbooks)

Josip Broz Tito na stranicama Vojnoistorijskog glasnika
(Josip Broz Tito on the Pages of the Vojnoistorijski glasnik)

Ličnost Josipa Broza Tita u savremenoj makedonskoj istoriografiji
(Tito's Personality in Contemporary Macedonian Historiography)

O autorima
(About the Authors)