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Glazed Pottery of the Mediterranean and Pontic Regions in the 10th—18th Centuries Cover Image

Поливная керамика Средиземноморья и Причерноморья X—XVIII вв.
Glazed Pottery of the Mediterranean and Pontic Regions in the 10th—18th Centuries

Contributor(s): Sergei Gennadievich Bocharov (Editor), Véronique François (Editor), Ayrat G. Sitdikov (Editor)
Subject(s): History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Economic history, Middle Ages, Modern Age, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, 16th Century, 17th Century, 18th Century, History of Art
Published by: Издательский дом Stratum, Университет «Высшая антропологическая школа»
Keywords: history; archaeology; glazed pottery; Middle Ages; Modern Age; Mediterranian; Golden Horde;
Summary/Abstract: The second volume of this specialized continued collection of research papers “Glazed Pottery of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Region, 10th – 18th Centuries” contains studies of mass archaeological materials — glazed pottery — from a vast region encompassing countries from the Mediterranean, Black Sea, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Far East and Eurasian steppes, dated by the High and Late Middle Ages. The goal of this continued edition is to attract the attention of the medievalists to glazed pottery and, particularly, to introduce earlier unknown archaeological complexes with glazed pottery and results of various physical-chemical studies of ceramic clays and glazes for scientific discussion. The volume includes contributions from Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Russia, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, USA, Uzbekistan and is meant for specialists in history, archaeology, ceramic studies, ethnography, museum studies, history students and all those interested in medieval material culture.

Series: Археологические источники Восточной Европы

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-9975-4269-1-6
  • Print-ISBN-13: 978-9975-4272-6-5
  • Page Count: 845
  • Publication Year: 2017
  • Language: English, Bulgarian, French, Russian, Italian
Введение

Введение
(Introduction)

  • Author(s):Sergei Gennadievich Bocharov, Véronique François, Ayrat G. Sitdikov
  • Language:English, Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology
  • Page Range:15-18
  • No. of Pages:4
Invetriate policrome in circolazione al San Francesco di Cosenza nel Basso Medioevo. Primi dati da nuove scoperte (Calabra, Italia)

Invetriate policrome in circolazione al San Francesco di Cosenza nel Basso Medioevo. Primi dati da nuove scoperte (Calabra, Italia)
(Polychrome Glazed Ware from St. Francis in Cosenza during Late Middle Ages. First data from new discoveries (Calabria, Italy))

  • Author(s):Cristiana La Serra
  • Language:Italian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages
  • Page Range:21-29
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Italy; Cosenza; Calabria; Middle Ages; polychrome glazed ware; medieval monastery
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper presented focuses on a small percentage of ceramics, polychrome glazed ware, from the Middle Ages coming from the excavations at the monastery of St. Francis of Assisi, in Cosenza (Calabria, Italy). It concerned unpublished data on a medieval context, almost unknown that enrich the regional panorama on circulation and production of these artifacts. The quantified materials come from modern stratigraphy, so it is not possible any reflection on every kind of chronological evolution of the typology. However, the autopsy study of the mixtures, the description of shapes and decorations enhances the current knowledge on the subject and in any event allows the first important reflections of a medieval city like Cosenza, that seems to project more toward markets Puglia and Campania, with also the presence of Islamic imported ceramics.
Changing Tastes: from Lustreware to Polychrome Tiles. Exported Pottery from Valencia in Mediterranean Area and around (14th to 18th cc.)

Changing Tastes: from Lustreware to Polychrome Tiles. Exported Pottery from Valencia in Mediterranean Area and around (14th to 18th cc.)
(Changing Tastes: from Lustreware to Polychrome Tiles. Exported Pottery from Valencia in Mediterranean Area and around (14th to 18th cc.))

  • Author(s):Jaume Coll Conesa
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Economic history, Middle Ages, Modern Age, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, 18th Century
  • Page Range:31-50
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:Valencia; medieval pottery; post-medieval pottery; majolica;distribution;
  • Summary/Abstract:Medieval ceramics from Paterna and Manises were highly prized and very widely traded in the Mediterranean and Atlantic Europe during the Middle Ages. Although a decline in their presence can be observed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries due to the boom in Italian majolica, they continued to be distributed, despite the fact that they now represented old-fashioned styles and tastes. The eighteenth century saw the beginnings of a certain commercial recovery, thanks to tiles from the factories in the city of Valencia. The Royal Factory at Alcora (Castellón), in the north of the Valencian region, played an important part in this revival of taste, and its products came to be widely distributed throughout the Spanish-speaking world. This study presents a general overview of the commercial distribution of Valencian ceramics between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries based on archaeological and historical evidence.
La maiolica di Castelli (TE) nell’Adriatico Orientale fra XVI e XVIII secolo. Attuali conoscenze e prospettive di ricerca

La maiolica di Castelli (TE) nell’Adriatico Orientale fra XVI e XVIII secolo. Attuali conoscenze e prospettive di ricerca
(Castelli (Italy) Maiolica in the Eastern Adriatic between 16th and 17th Centuries. Current Knowledge and Research Perspectives)

  • Author(s):Van Verrocchio
  • Language:Italian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Modern Age, 16th Century, 17th Century, 18th Century
  • Page Range:51-67
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Keywords:Adriatica; Castelli; Early Modern period; post-medieval pottery; italian maiolica; material culture; dining habits; archaeological and archivial sources
  • Summary/Abstract:The Adriatic Sea has been for centuries a crossroads where different from each communities to ethnic, cultural and religious orientation have found an opportunity to meet, creating a dense set of relationships and cultural connections.The study of the evolution of dietary practices and convivial habits is an interesting observatory to deepen the knowledge on the interactions between these communities over the time. In this perspective the role of ceramics, as material well directly related to the consumption of food, acquires great significance beyond the mere value of commercial traffic indicator.Specifically the function of maiolica, pottery mainly linked to the tables, lends itself to shed light on the dietary practices and convivial table habits, where the socio-cultural identities are subject to numerous forms of contamination. The study of the diffusion of Italian maiolica on the east Adriatic coast is therefore a way to enhance our understanding of cultural influences between East and West in the early centuries of the Modern Age.This paper analyzes the phenomenon of the spread of Italian maiolica and in particular of that produced in Castelli (Teramo, Abruzzo) in the Eastern Adriatic in the Early Modern Age (c. 1550—1700). The recent interest of scholars on the circulation of post-medieval ceramics in the Eastern Mediterranean has highlighted new archaeological contexts that also returned maiolica from Castelli. The analysis of the state of knowledge firstly allows us to outline the contours of the phenomenon and then draw future research developments.
Medieval Glazed Pottery: Archaeological Evidence from Rural Greece

Medieval Glazed Pottery: Archaeological Evidence from Rural Greece
(Medieval Glazed Pottery: Archaeological Evidence from Rural Greece)

  • Author(s):Effie F. Athanassopoulos
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
  • Page Range:71-90
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:Southern Greece; Nemea; Medieval Ages; glazed ceramics; archaeological survey
  • Summary/Abstract:The study of medieval and post-medieval pottery in Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean has attracted significant interest in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to outline the main trends in the medieval countryside based on the evidence of archaeological regional surveys in central and southern Greece. These projects have established that glazed pottery circulated widely in the 12th and 13th centuries CE. The availability of substantial bodies of ceramic material from rural areas allows us to address questions of production and consumption patterns over time. It is well documented that in southern Greece the quantity of glazed wares increased dramatically after the late 11th century. This increase most likely indicates changes in the organization as well as the technology of glazed pottery production.This paper also includes a case study from the region of Nemea, in southern Greece. The Nemea Valley Archaeological Project (NVAP), an intensive regional survey undertaken in the 1980s, has established that glazed pottery is widely distributed in the Nemea valley and the surrounding area. NVAP also identified a medieval pottery workshop, which, most likely, produced glazed pottery. In addition, the excavations of the Sanctuary of Zeus at Nemea, have recovered large amounts of well-preserved medieval pottery, including diagnostic glazed wares.
A Byzantine Settlement on the Kalabaklı Valley in the Hellespont: Yağcılar

A Byzantine Settlement on the Kalabaklı Valley in the Hellespont: Yağcılar
(A Byzantine Settlement on the Kalabaklı Valley in the Hellespont: Yağcılar)

  • Author(s):Ayşe Ç. Türker
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
  • Page Range:91-105
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Summary/Abstract:The Kalabaklı Valley is an approximately 12-km-long valley which extends towards the Hellespont in the south-east — north-west direction between 440-meter-high Bayraktepe in its north-east and 407-meter-high Beşiktepe in its south. Located in the south of the point at which the Kalabaklı Tributary reached the strait, Dardanos was an episcopal center in the Byzantine period. Probably, the settlement of the episcopacy of Dardanos also spread to Kepez in the north of the point at which the river reached the strait. Kepez has an important port, and numerous Byzantine glazed pottery items were detected during our surveys in this area. Vessels which were very analogous to the pottery in this area in terms of their paste, shape, and decoration characteristics were documented during the surveys we carried on in the Yağcılar Village in the upper section of the Kalabaklı Valley. Yağcılar, which we first detected during our surveys, has very rich surface materials, and the quality of the finds indicates that a production center probably existed.
Byzantine Glazed Pottery Finds from Aigai (Aiolis) Excavations

Byzantine Glazed Pottery Finds from Aigai (Aiolis) Excavations
(Byzantine Glazed Pottery Finds from Aigai (Aiolis) Excavations)

  • Author(s):Lale Doğer, Muhsine Eda Armağan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:107-133
  • No. of Pages:27
  • Keywords:Manisa; Aigai (Aiolis); glazed pottery; Middle Byzantine period; Late Byzantine period
  • Summary/Abstract:Glazed pottery finds from Aigai (Aiolis) excavations during 2004—2014 seasons are important finds from Byzantine settlements of Aigai ancient city. While doing studies to uncover Bouleuterion, Agora region and the road system of the ancient city, cisterns (nos. I—II) located in the acropolis of the city and near the agora, the church and the cistern in the northwest of the church have been discovered. Most of them are fragmentary. They are not contextual finds. Still, they are worthwhile in that they present a relative chronology. Late Roman/Early Byzantine period is represented with few finds for now. This period is followed by Middle Byzantine period which have again few finds. Probably these red fabric groups might have come from distant regions. Some of the finds known as Middle Byzantine groups are distinguished because of their similarity to Khalkis production in terms of their form and ornament. We need further information to evaluate white fabric finds. Other distinctive groups in terms of their quality and quantity are from Late Byzantine period of Western Anatolia. These are very similar to the finds from Pergamon, Sardis, Nif (Olympus-Başpınar Church) and The Agora of Smyrna located nearby Aigai. Aigai was on the list of bishopric till the early 13th century. Finds uncovered in Aigai are the first archeological data regarding Aigai ancient city during Byzantine period. Glazed ceramics must be dated to the mid-12th century — early 14th century.
Immured Vessels in the Church of Panagia Eleousa, Kitharida, Crete

Immured Vessels in the Church of Panagia Eleousa, Kitharida, Crete
(Immured Vessels in the Church of Panagia Eleousa, Kitharida, Crete)

  • Author(s):Anastasia G. Yangaki
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Architecture, Middle Ages, 15th Century, History of Art
  • Page Range:135-164
  • No. of Pages:30
  • Keywords:Crete; Kitharida; 15th c.; church; donor; immured vessels; imported glazed pottery; Late Byzantine pottery; “RMR Ware”; Maiolica; Spanish lustreware; pottery from Syria and Egypt; bacini
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper focuses on the detailed presentation of the numerous vessels which are immured in the main wall of the narthex of the church of Panagia Eleousa. The church is located to the north of the village of Kitharida, southwest of Herakleion (Crete). Given their number, their state of preservation, the various categories of pottery to which they belong which were imported from regions of the western and eastern Mediterranean, the particular interest in their disposition and possible hidden symbolic meanings behind their decoration, the vessels constitute one of the most representative groups of bacini immured in Cretan churches. This is corroborated by comparison with the immured vessels from other sites in the Herakleion prefecture and based on the data collected by the research programme focused on bacini in Greece implemented by the National Hellenic Research Foundation in collaboration with the local Ephorates of Antiquities from other Cretan churches.Their detailed study contributes to the history of the church and to the presentation of the types of pottery that were in circulation on the island in the 15th c. AD. Some of these bacini were produced in Byzantine workshops, while most belong to glazed categories imported from the Iberian and Italian peninsulas or the Near East. Special reference is made to their seemingly careful disposition, which would have required specific planning. This observation, combined with the particular decoration on some vessels, which seems to incorporate symbolic meanings, leads to suggestions as to the possible donor who played the leading role in this decoration.
Byzantine and Turkish Glazed Pottery Finds from Aphrodisias

Byzantine and Turkish Glazed Pottery Finds from Aphrodisias
(Byzantine and Turkish Glazed Pottery Finds from Aphrodisias)

  • Author(s):Muradiye Öztaşkın
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages, Modern Age, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, 16th Century, 17th Century
  • Page Range:165-188
  • No. of Pages:24
  • Summary/Abstract:This study consists of initial observations made upon Byzantine, Seljuk, Begliks and Ottoman pottery finds from the Aphrodisias excavations since 2013. Chronology of the pottery finds uncovered in the North Avenue, South Agora, Hadrianic Baths, Theatre and Temple of Aphrodite will be presented briefly. To resolve the contexts in which the potteries belong to, the emphasis is on the history of the city and political events that could have potentially caused considerable changes to the economy. By establishing analogies and considering the chronology of the city, an attempt is made herein to put the pottery finds into their possible contexts.Through the end of the 9th century in Aphrodisias, a sudden rise in the quantity of Byzantine potteries is observed. The city was in commercially connected to Constantinople and centers such as the Adriatic Coasts or Corinth. Pieces of Fine Sgrafitto Ware, Green and Brown Painted Ware and Slip Painted Ware produced from the middle of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century have been found in many areas of the city. Very few pottery finds belonging to the Seljuk period have been uncovered. In Aphrodisias, glazed pottery production probably started during the Byzantine or Begliks period.There was a period of growth in Aphrodisias from the first quarter of 15th century to the mid 16th century. In excavated areas, a large number of pottery finds have been found. With the change of commercial routes in the 17th century, the city was increasingly reduced into a rural settlement and has subsisted to the present day.
Vaisselier de santé dans le monde arabe (VIIIe—XVe siècles) : une restitution possible des usages grâce au croissement des sources

Vaisselier de santé dans le monde arabe (VIIIe—XVe siècles) : une restitution possible des usages grâce au croissement des sources
(Pots for Medical Uses in the Arab World (8th—15th centuries): a possible reconstruction of the uses thanks to the cross disciplinary comparison of sources)

  • Author(s):Ibrahim Shaddoud
  • Language:French
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century
  • Page Range:189-205
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Keywords:Islamic medicine; Islamic physicians; medical utensils; Bilâd al-Châm; pottery
  • Summary/Abstract:The cross disciplinary comparison of sources enables us to ask questions about objects and practices by analysing and describing the functions, often lost, of certain types of pottery. This article is dedicated to pottery used by Islamic physicians — pots and pans, different types of jars. The texts, general medical manuals and dictionary written in Iraq, Syria, Arabia and Iran between the 8th and 15th centuries are an extremely valuable source of information on medicinal substances, recipes for compound remedies and utensils. A number of illustrations in Islamic manuscript depicting physician activities reflect contemporaneous medical practises. They could sometimes help us to understand the use of objects found in excavations. The archaeological material of my corpus comes from a range of sites in Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. By comparing the data, I present various pottery used in curative medicine in the Islamic world.
Ottoman Glazed Pottery Standardisation: The Belgrade Fortress Evidence for Production Trends

Ottoman Glazed Pottery Standardisation: The Belgrade Fortress Evidence for Production Trends
(Ottoman Glazed Pottery Standardisation: The Belgrade Fortress Evidence for Production Trends)

  • Author(s):Vesna Bikić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Economic history, Modern Age, 16th Century, 17th Century
  • Page Range:207-216
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Balkans; Ottoman Period; pottery; standardisation; pottery production; social identity
  • Summary/Abstract:Glazed pottery from the Belgrade Fortress, already evaluated contextually and typologically, allow us to address some important issues of pottery production and craft specialisation in the Ottoman period (16th—17th centuries). In order to determine the degree of pottery standardisation, this article will analyse the main production parameters, such as shape, size/volume and production technology. The production organisation and craft skills in all aspects of pottery making are examined as well.
Circulation des potiers ou des modèles ? Production damascène de vaisselle ottomane « à la manière » d’Iznik

Circulation des potiers ou des modèles ? Production damascène de vaisselle ottomane « à la manière » d’Iznik
(Circulation of Potters or Models? Damascus Pottery Production in the Style of Iznik Ware)

  • Author(s):Véronique François
  • Language:French
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Comparative history, Modern Age, 16th Century, 17th Century
  • Page Range:217-243
  • No. of Pages:27
  • Keywords:Iznik Ware; Damascus Ware; Iznik derivatives; workshops; Bilâd al-Châm; craft
  • Summary/Abstract:Archaeological excavations conducted by German and French teams in the citadels of Damascus and Aleppo in the early 2000s, occasional discoveries in the Middle East, Istanbul and Cyprus as well as the publication of ancient excavations highlighted a specific group of painted tableware made in a siliceous fabric. This Ottoman pottery has obvious stylistic similarities with the famous pieces manufactured in the Iznik workshops in the 16th and 17th centuries. This article is dedicated to the so-called Syrian Polychrome Ware probably manufactured in Damascus on a date that is difficult to specify. We will show how this Syrian Ottoman production was similar to the Iznik wares and how it differed. We will try to define the date of manufacture — probably in the late 16th and 17th centuries — and identify the potters. Were they itinerant craftsmen who knew how to make Iznik pottery and, changing their place of residence, were making similar bowls from different raw materials? Were they potters from Damascus, the descendants of the Mamluk craftsmen? In that case, did they have at their disposal the original? The status of these objects is also raised. They were not slavish imitations but Iznik derivatives — the copy was partial, incomplete and of uneven quality. The objective of the potters was not to copy to mislead the consumers but rather to take inspiration from the models to please. The study of archaeological finds and pottery preserved in European museums allows dealing with these issues.
Beyrouth post-médiévale. Étude de cas : la céramique

Beyrouth post-médiévale. Étude de cas : la céramique
(Post-Medieval Beirut. Case Study: the Pottery)

  • Author(s):Grace Homsy-Gottwalles
  • Language:French
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Modern Age, 16th Century, 17th Century, 18th Century, 19th Century
  • Page Range:245-256
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Lebanon; Beirut; Post-medieval period; Ottoman period; pottery; ceramic; grafitta tarda; majolica; Didymoteicho; Çanakkale
  • Summary/Abstract:Whereas historical, political and cultural studies reach the postmedieval period in Lebanon, interests for archaeological artifacts remains neglected.The archaeological excavations undertaken in 1996 and 1997 in Beirut, sites Bey 070, Bey 071 and Bey 111, led to the discovery of tableware ceramics (in the surface layers) dated to the 16th —19th centuries.In this paper, we examine tableware ceramics of various origins: Didymoteicho and Çanakkale (Thrace), Kütahya and Iznik (Analolia), Pisa and Montelupo (Tuscany), Albisola in Liguria, Varages in Provence, European porcelain, as well as local and/or regional ceramics.
Колекция от византийски белоглинени съдове от средата на X век в манастира при с. Равна (североизточна България)

Колекция от византийски белоглинени съдове от средата на X век в манастира при с. Равна (североизточна България)
(A Collection of White Clay Pottery from the Middle of the 10th Century in the Monastery at the Village of Ravna (North-Eastern Bulgaria))

  • Author(s):Pavel Georgiev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
  • Page Range:259-269
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Byzantine White Ware; 10th century; dishes with hollow stem; lid; inscribed and impressed sub-glazing decoration; old-Bulgarian monastery; import
  • Summary/Abstract:In the article we publish the collection of 11 complete and two partially restored dishes and one lid, found during the excavations in the old Bulgarian monastery at the village of Ravna, Provadia region. They were found in fragments in the yard and in a room near the representative building, which could be considered as the residence of the abbot and of the visitors of the monastery. All of dishes are import from Byzantium, dating around the middle of the 10th c. The stratigraphic data allow us to determine the upper limit of their use to be before the burning of the monastery, which most probably happened during the events in Bulgaria during 969—971. Judging by the technique of manufacturing and the decorations, the dishes belong to the so-called Glazed White Ware. They are covered with dark-green or grass-green and light-yellow or yellow-brownish glazing. There is also inscribed or impressed decoration under the glazing.The goal of this publication is to focus the attention of the specialist on Byzantine pottery in the collection, to determine more precisely its dating and a possible place of manufacturing.
Early Medieval Glazed Ceramics Discovered in the Fortifications from Hârşova and Oltina (South-Eastern Romania)

Early Medieval Glazed Ceramics Discovered in the Fortifications from Hârşova and Oltina (South-Eastern Romania)
(Early Medieval Glazed Ceramics Discovered in the Fortifications from Hârşova and Oltina (South-Eastern Romania))

  • Author(s):Cristina Paraschiv-Talmaţchi
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
  • Page Range:271-285
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:Romania; Dobrudja; Byzantine period; glazed ceramics; archaeometric investigations
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper completes the information regarding the glazed pottery from 10th—11th century from the western region of the Black Sea, from Dobrudja. Majority of the new discoveries belongs to the group with monochrome glaze (green-olive), rarely polychrome (green-olive with yellow; greenish-yellow on a chestnut background). The material, mostly fragmentary, comes from jugs, pots and cups of different sizes. Among other finds, a glazed clay egg was discovered at Hârşova. Glazed pottery from the two analyzed settlements represents local productions and imports, several fragments were studied by using archaeometric analysis, some data regarding the glaze are presented at the end of the article.
Поливная керамика из средневекового поселения у с. Полски Градец в районе г. Раднево (Южная Болгария)

Поливная керамика из средневекового поселения у с. Полски Градец в районе г. Раднево (Южная Болгария)
(Glazed Wares from the Medieval Settlement near Polski Gradets, Radnevo Region (Southern Bulgaria))

  • Author(s):Boris D. Borisov
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
  • Page Range:287-315
  • No. of Pages:29
  • Keywords:Bulgaria; Byzantine period; glazed wares; sgraffito wares; painted wares; typology
  • Summary/Abstract:This study presents glazed pottery from the medieval settlement near Polski Gradec village, occupied during the 11th—12th century. There are three main groups of glazed vessels: plain wares, painted wares and sgraffito wares. They are compared with the glazed pottery from various centres from the Byzantine cultural circle. According to the colour of the clay, the plain wares are divided into two groups — white wares and red wares. The white clay pottery is presented by two classes — “undecorated wares” and Persian lusterware with light blue glaze. The red clay pottery consists of the classes “Brown glazed ware”,“Spatter Painted Ware” and Sgraffito Ware. There are three sgraffito groups — Fine Sgraffito — which has three styles: “Fine style”, “Spiral style”, “Developed style” — “Champlevée”, and the so-called “Bulgarian sgraffito”. Plates of the known class of the “Painted sgraffito” were not found in the settlement. The Painted Wares belong to the “Green and brown painted wares” class and the vessels are divided into three groups.The analysis of the glazed pottery from the territory of the Byzantine cultural circle let us identify the production centres of particular groups of vessels. This raises the question about the trade routes and the circulation of the glazed pottery. It also helps us understand the trade ties in and out of the Byzantine Empire.
Импортная византийская сграффито керамика из средневековых поселений в Болгарском Причерноморье

Импортная византийская сграффито керамика из средневековых поселений в Болгарском Причерноморье
(Import of Byzantine Sgraffito Pottery in the Medieval Towns of Bulgarian Black Sea Coast)

  • Author(s):Marija Manolova-Vojkova
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:317-326
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Bulgaria; 12th—14th c.; Black Sea towns; glazed pottery; Byzantine import; sgraffito pottery
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper makes an overview of the imported Byzantine sgraffito pottery distributed in the towns along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast from the end of the 11th — 12th century until the end of the 14th century. These are the following types: “Fine sgraffito ware”, “Painted fine sgraffito”, “Incised sgraffito” “Champlevé ware” and “Elaborate incised ware”. Forms of vessels, specific decoration and designs are described. Their chronology is based on analogies with similar finds from Byzantine territories.
Stone-Paste Ceramics from Tarnovgrad — the Capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom

Stone-Paste Ceramics from Tarnovgrad — the Capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom
(Stone-Paste Ceramics from Tarnovgrad — the Capital of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom)

  • Author(s):Kalin Chakarov, Dejan Rabovjanov
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Economic history, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:327-334
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Second Bulgarian kingdom; Tsarеvets; Trapezitsa; stone-paste (Qashan) ceramics; trade; Golden Horde; Mamlūk Egypt
  • Summary/Abstract:This study if focused on pieces of the so called stone-paste (Qashan) ceramics, found during archaeological excavations on the two citadels in the capital of the Second Bulgarian kingdom. Most of the findings are shards that come from the Southern part of Trapezitsa. There is also a restored bowl found at area 14 at Tsarvets. Their context is dated to the 13th—14th century. Not numerous artifacts of this kind, among the ceramic assemblage in this context, as stone-paste ware, Celadon ware and Western majolica ware, show that import of decorated luxory ceramic wares to the Bulgarian capital was limited.The examples of stone-paste wares presented here were made at important production centres of the Golden Horde ion the Lower Volga region and at the workshops of Mamluk Egypt. These evidences of distant trade connections are exotic exceptions among the art ware ceramic assemblage of medieval Tarnovo.
Поливная керамика Торговицкого археологического комплекса периода Золотой Орды

Поливная керамика Торговицкого археологического комплекса периода Золотой Орды
(Torhovytsia Archaeological Complex Glazed Ceramics of the Golden Horde Period)

  • Author(s):Iryna A. Kozyr, Tetiana D. Borovyk
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:335-352
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:Golden Horde; Torhovytsia; glazed red-clay ceramics; Qashan ceramics; ornamentation; classification
  • Summary/Abstract:Glazed ceramics from monument excavations near Torhovytsia village (Ukraine), which belongs to the Golden Horde urban culture, is introduced in this paper. The classification of ceramic materials has been carried out on the well-established basis; classification criteria are already developed in the literature and include the composition of clay, the transparency and color of the glaze, peculiarities of the decor. Torhovytsia glazed ceramics is divided into glazed red-clay ceramics and the Qashan ceramics.Torhovytsia red-clay ceramics quantitatively prevails (94.4%) in the composition of glazed ware. Green and yellow colors constitute the basis of the glaze color palette. Sgraffito technique predominates in the decor.The Qashan ceramics is very rare in Torhovytsia. All of it was brought mostly from the eastern regions of the Golden Horde.
Тисненая керамика городища Большие Кучугуры

Тисненая керамика городища Большие Кучугуры
(Embossed Ceramics from the Bolshie Kuchugury Hillfort)

  • Author(s):Mikhail V. Elnikov, Irina R. Tihomolova
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:353-362
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Lower Dnieper region; Bolshie Kuchugury hillfort; Golden Horde sites; embossed ceramics; group; subgroup; molding composition; decoration
  • Summary/Abstract:The authors discuss characteristic features of the embossed ceramics collected from the Bolshie Kuchugury hillfort in the Lower Dnieper region. The ratio of groups of this ceramics tells about existence of close ties between Bolshie Kuchugury and towns in the South-Eastern Crimea and the Golden Horde centers in the Volga region. The main features of vessels are typical for the developed Golden Horde pottery. The low quality of turquoise glaze on Crimean vessels seems to reflect the process of learning a new type of decoration. Two groups of ceramics belong to one or several undetermined ceramic workshops practicing mixed traditions from the above indicated regions. Analogies to these industrial techniques and the marked style of embossed decoration, the area of distribution of such finds suggest that they were possibly produced in one or several provincial centers in the western regions of the Golden Horde, which developed their industries based on a variety of traditions, though under doubtless impact of the Crimean pottery.
Строительная кашинная керамика городища Конские Воды

Строительная кашинная керамика городища Конские Воды
(Construction Qashan Ceramics from Konskie Vody Hillfort)

  • Author(s):Mikhail V. Elnikov
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:363-386
  • No. of Pages:24
  • Keywords:North-Western Azov Sea Area; Golden Horde; Konskie Vody hillfort; kashin; ornament; glazed tiles; glaze
  • Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the construction Qashan ceramics from the Konskie Vody hillfort in the North-Western Azov Sea Area. Functionally, ceramics is divided into bricks and decorative facing glazed tiles covered with monochrome glaze. The first category of products is spread on the sites of the Don Region, the Volga region and the North Caucasus in the middle — the second half of the 14th century. Ornamental motifs from the hillfort find analogies among Volga region centers. The use of two- and three composite glazes occurs among items found on Madzhar and New Saray, where where they appeared under the influence of Khwarezm. Local production of Qashan is not excluded, which is demonstrated by finds of ceramic cores on the site.
Комплекс керамики из раскопок усадьбы золотоордынского периода на территории средневекового городища в Алуште (Крым)

Комплекс керамики из раскопок усадьбы золотоордынского периода на территории средневекового городища в Алуште (Крым)
(Pottery Assemblage from the Excavation of a Household of the Golden Horde period on the Territory of the Medieval Settlement in Alushta (Crimea))

  • Author(s):Iryna B. Teslenko
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:387-407
  • No. of Pages:21
  • Keywords:Taurica; Alushta; Golden Horde; 14th century; Genoese; pottery
  • Summary/Abstract:Ruins of the medieval settlement, one of the names of which in the 14th centuries was known as Lusta, are located on the top of a coastal hill between two rivers in the central part of modern Alushta (Southern coast of Crimea). The excavations were carried out there in 1981 (V. Sidorenko), 1984—1994 (V. Myts) and 1998, 1999, 2001, 2009 (I. Teslenko). On the basis of the archaeological data and evidence of written sources V. Myts has determined the Golden Horde period in the history of the town dating it from the end of the 13th to the 80s of the 14th century. During this period a new urban design of the settlement started to form, and several lines of streets with many houses were constructed. But in less than a century the settlement was burned. Remains of some of the household with traces of the fire have been investigated during the excavations. The materials from one of them are particularly interesting. They include the collection of well-preserved ceramic wares of various functions and origin, among which there are about three dozen of glazed table wares from local and overseas workshops, dating back mainly to the second quarter — last third of the 14th century. Analysis of the ceramic assemblage allows to conclude that connections of “Golden Horde” Lusta with the urban centers of the Golden Horde were rather weak, but at the same time the interest of Genoese merchants to this area was rather significant even before the official transition of the coastal land under the jurisdiction of the municipality of Genoa.
Поселение Посидима в Юго-Восточном Крыму и его керамический комплекс (рубеж XIII—XIV вв.)

Поселение Посидима в Юго-Восточном Крыму и его керамический комплекс (рубеж XIII—XIV вв.)
(Possidima Settlement in South-Eastern Crimea and Its Pottery Complex (edge 13th — 14th centuries))

  • Author(s):Sergei Gennadievich Bocharov
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:409-445
  • No. of Pages:37
  • Keywords:South-Eastern Crimea; Possidima; byzantine glazed pottery; Golden Horde period; local production of glazed pottery; maps-portolans; historical geography
  • Summary/Abstract:This article focuses on the complete publication of available to the author pottery materials obtained in the archaeological research on a medieval settlement Posidima in South-Eastern Crimea. Based on written, archaeological and cartographic evidences, the authors offers anattribution of this settlement. Ceramic materials date the studied cultural layers to the last quarter of the 13th — the first quarter of the 14th centuries. The important role of the pottery complex of Possidima is determined by the fact that it clearly illustrates how the Byzantine ceramic complex was replaced by another one, the Golden Horde pottery assemblage, on the turn of the 13th — 14th centuries.
Поливные чаши с изображениями кошачьих хищников из раскопок на территории золотоордынского Азака

Поливные чаши с изображениями кошачьих хищников из раскопок на территории золотоордынского Азака
(Glazed Bowls with Images of Feline Predators from the Digs on the Golden Horde City of Azak)

  • Author(s):Marina V. Dmitrienko
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:447-453
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Azak; Golden Horde time; glazed bowls; ornament; images of feline predators; production centers
  • Summary/Abstract:The author examines finds of glazed bowls with images of lion and leopards from the digs on the Golden Horde City of Azak. Similar bowls, usually small and ornamented in reserved and sgraffito technique, are widely spread mainly in the Balkans and the Crimea and are dated by the second half of the fourteenth century. The article contains detailed description of the finds from Azak and determines its production centers: Byzantium in four cases (Constantinople or its environs) and South-Eastern Crimea (possibly Caffa, which produced imitations of Byzantine items) for the other two.
Восточнокрымский поливной импорт в золотоордынском Азаке. Вопросы хронологии

Восточнокрымский поливной импорт в золотоордынском Азаке. Вопросы хронологии
(East Crimean Imported Glazed Ceramics in Azak, a Golden Horde City. Questions of Chronology)

  • Author(s):Andrei Nikolaevich Maslovskiy
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:455-489
  • No. of Pages:35
  • Keywords:Golden Horde; South-Eastern Crimea; Azak; Caffa; Solkhat; Sudak; bowl; dish; jug; sgraffito; engobe painting; polychrome coloring
  • Summary/Abstract:The author discusses glazed ceramics manufactured in cities of the South-East Crimea (Caffa, Sudak, Solkhat) in late 13th — 14th centuries. During those centuries, it got spread over the territory of Eastern Europe and therefore can be a good dating factor, much more accurate than many other types of finds and comparable only to coins. Presently, many vessels can be dated precisely within fifty years to one decade. This is possible because of a big number of closed assemblages studied during the digs on Azak and dated by copper coins. For this purpose, the glazed ceramics is classified by series, which group vessels similar by forms and use (for instance, bowls and dishes) with a steady identical design of decorative compositions.
Кашинные чаши из раскопок в центре золотоордынского Азака

Кашинные чаши из раскопок в центре золотоордынского Азака
(Qashan Bowls from Excavations in the Centre of the Golden Horde City of Azak)

  • Author(s):Nikita I. Iudin
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:491-497
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Golden Horde; Azak; 14th century; Iran; Qashan pottery; lustre-ware; cobalt blue painting; floral and geometrical ornament; rice-grain-like decor
  • Summary/Abstract:The article contains data about three Qashan bowls excavated in Golden Horde city of Azak. These bowls are characterized by good preservation and are dated by the second half of the fourteenth century. Among them: luster painted bowl, cobalt-blue painted bowl, bowl with a rice-grain-like décor and cobalt blue painting. Vessels contain ornaments created by Iranian potters, with the influence of Chinese textile and toreutics. Pottery, produced in Iran with the same technology of decoration is known among the materials of several Golden Horde and foreign cities. Luster painted bowls are the first example of such a kind of pottery that originates from a complex dated by the 2nd half of the 14th century. Cobalt-blue painted bowl, bowl with rice-grain-like décor and cobalt blue painting is the most well-preserved sample of such bowls, ever excavated in Azak.
Поливная посуда XIII—XIV веков из Северо-Восточного Причерноморья

Поливная посуда XIII—XIV веков из Северо-Восточного Причерноморья
(Glazed Ware of the 13th — 14th Centuries from the North-Eastern Black Sea Region)

  • Author(s):Ekaterina A. Armarchuk, Alexander V. Dmitriev
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:499-512
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:North-Eastern Black Sea region; Golden Horde period; burials; glazed bowls; glazed jugs
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents finds of Golden Horde glazed ceramics from barrow cemeteries near Yuzhnaya Ozereika village and from Barbarasheva Shchel in North-Eastern Black Sea region (near Novorossiysk). These are red-clay bowls with different styles of ornamentation: sgraffito with additional painting, or without ornamentation. They are all products of Crimean production centers of glazed vessels. The authors also publish two bowls from the old collection of the Novorossiysk Historical Museum, ornamented by reserved technique with fine engraving and belonging to the Byzantine import.
О находках поливной керамики XIII—XIV вв. на территории Северного Кавказа

О находках поливной керамики XIII—XIV вв. на территории Северного Кавказа
(About the Finds of Glazed Pottery of 13th —14th Centuries on the Territory of the Northern Caucasus)

  • Author(s):Evgeniy I. Narozhny
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:513-538
  • No. of Pages:26
  • Keywords:Northern Caucasus; Golden Horde; Iran; Azerbaijan; glazed pottery; architectural décor
  • Summary/Abstract:The author has collected all available (at the time of writing) finds of glazed pottery and elements of architectural decor, as well as information about them, from the territory of understudied archaeological sites in the Northern Caucasus. Generally, these are Golden Horde artefacts, which can complement our knowledge about the diversity of glazed pottery in the region, which is compared here with the analogies from the Golden Horde Volga region. Besides, the author refers to the finds supporting diversified connections between the Northern Caucasus and the environs of Derbent and North-Eastern Azerbaijan: the author maintains that these were the sources of ceramics within 1222—1230.
Парадная керамика из раскопок Азака

Парадная керамика из раскопок Азака
(Ceremonial Ceramics from the Digs in Azak)

  • Author(s):Svetlana A. Kravchenko
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century
  • Page Range:539-559
  • No. of Pages:21
  • Keywords:Sea of Azov Region; Golden Horde; Azak sity; ceremonial utensils; decor; typology; import
  • Summary/Abstract:The author examines the set of imported ceremonial ceramics from the digs in the Golden Horde Azak. He publishes 14th — 15th century materials from the collection of Azov Museum and recent digs and distinguishes fourteen groups of ceremonial vessels from Azak, depending on their origin and manufacturing techniques. Thus, by origin, there are Chinese, Iranian, Middle Asian, Azerbaijani, Syrian, Byzantine, Spanish and Italian vessels, as well as ceramics from the Golden Horde cities of the Lower Volga region, which produced imitations of some types of imported vessels. The materials are systematized by their technological, functional and morphological features and supplied with description of their ornamentation motifs. The author traces changes in the set of ceremonial vessels along the history of Azak.
Керамика Изника конца XV — XVI вв. из раскопок Нижнего двора Аккерманской крепости

Керамика Изника конца XV — XVI вв. из раскопок Нижнего двора Аккерманской крепости
(Iznik Pottery of the End of 15th — 16th Centuries from the Excavation of the Lower Yard of the Akkerman Fortress)

  • Author(s):Svetlana A. Belyaeva, Elena E. Fialko
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, Modern Age, 15th Century, 16th Century
  • Page Range:561-581
  • No. of Pages:21
  • Keywords:Nord-Pontic region; Middle Ages; Akkerman fortress; Low Yard; ceramic of Iznik; classification; interpretation
  • Summary/Abstract:The article deals with painted faience produced in the Turkish centre of artistic ceramics in İznik and dated by the end of 15th — 16th centuries. This collection comes from the excavations of 1999—2010 in the Lower Yard of Akkerman fortress in Belgorod-Dniestrovsk, Odessa Oblast, Ukraine. Statistical characteristic of the distribution of finds on architectural objects, as well as typological and chronological classification of materials, has been represented. The authors offer a comparative analysis by functional structure and main periods of development revealed in the Iznik artistic ceramics from Akkerman with collections from a number of the Ottoman provinces’ sites. They also propose a historical interpretation of possible ways how Iznik pottery could appear in Akkerman.
Малоазийская поливная керамика XV—XVIII вв. из раскопок в турецкой крепости Азак

Малоазийская поливная керамика XV—XVIII вв. из раскопок в турецкой крепости Азак
(Asia Minor Glazed Ceramics of the Fifteenth — Eighteenth Century found on the Excavated Turkish Fortress of Azak)

  • Author(s):Irina R. Gusach
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, 15th Century, 16th Century, 17th Century, 18th Century
  • Page Range:581-600
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:Azov; Turkish fortress Azak; glazed painting ceramics from Minor Asia; “Miletus ware”; faience vessels from Iznik and Kütahya; paintings in the style of “Abraham from Kütahya”; “Golden Horn” style; “R
  • Summary/Abstract:In autumn 2004 archaeological expedition of Azov Museum-Reserve carried out excavations in the territory of the former Turkish fortress Azak in Azov (Rostov region). According to the maps, the boarders of the excavations in the street Genuezskaya 3 went along the North-Western outskirts of Venetian Tana and the Turkish part that was called (“Frank fortress”) by Evliya Çelebi in his famous “Travelogue”. It was the first time when archaeologists had an opportunity to research this old but unknown district of the town. During the archaeological work, which were stopped due to high level of underground waters, only three upper cultural layers of the late 17th—20th c. were studied. The special interest presents so-called “Turkish” layer of the late 17th — beginning of 18th c., connected with the existence of Turkish fortress of Azak. A great amount of glazed and unglazed ceramics, brought to the fortress from different corners of the Ottoman Empire, were found there. It is necessary to highlight glazed painted ware, produced in big ceramic centers of Asia Minor — Iznik and Kütahya. Among the earliest findings, there are fragments of red-clay glazed Iznik ceramics decorated with paintings in the style of “Milet”, dated back to the end of 15th — beginning of 16th c. Later objects from Iznik are represented by fragments of faience vessels of 16th—17th c. decorated with blue-and-white and polychrome underglazed painting. Faience coffee cups from Kütahya decorated with cobalt and polychrome underglazed painting are dated back to the 17th — beginning of 18th c.
Восточная и византийская поливная керамика в средневековых городах Беларуси

Восточная и византийская поливная керамика в средневековых городах Беларуси
(Oriental and Byzantine Glazed Pottery in Medieval Towns on the Territory of Belarus)

  • Author(s):Kristina A. Lavysh
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages
  • Page Range:603-624
  • No. of Pages:22
  • Keywords:Belarus; mediaeval towns; Byzantine glazed pottery; Syrian glazed pottery; Iranian glazed pottery; Golden Horde glazed pottery; import; trade; noneconomic ways
  • Summary/Abstract:In the paper the author attempts to compile a corpus of finds of the Oriental and Byzantine pottery in the territory of Belarus, which are represented by the following types: among the Iranian pottery — luster painted pottery and “minai” pottery; among the Syrian pottery — luster painted pottery and “lakabi” pottery and technologically similar types; among the Golden Horde pottery — composite white frit pottery with relief modeling of the surface and polychrome underglaze painting; composite white frit beads with turquoise glaze; among the Byzantine pottery — pottery with underglaze five-color painting; “sgraffito” pottery and simpler specimens covered with engobe and glaze, as well as single finds of other types of Middle Eastern glazed pottery. Most of the Oriental and Byzantine pottery found during excavations of the Belarusian towns belong to the luxury goods or objects of a rather high artistic level, and may be associated with the culture of the elite and wealthy townspeople. The paper also considers the appearance causes of the Oriental and Byzantine glazed pottery in the medieval towns of Belarus, routes and means of its delivery.
Ближневосточная поливная керамика рубежа X—XI и XI вв. в памятниках Среднего Поволжья

Ближневосточная поливная керамика рубежа X—XI и XI вв. в памятниках Среднего Поволжья
(Middle Eastern Glazed Ceramics of the Turn of the 10th—11th Centuries and the 11th Century from Middle Volga Region Sites)

  • Author(s):Svetlana I. Valiulina
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
  • Page Range:625-638
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Volga Bulgaria; Egypt; Mesopotamia; Iran; early Islamic period; 11th century; imports; luster-painted ceramics; tableware of “Sari” type; mineral and chemical composition; urban culture
  • Summary/Abstract:This article analyzes the Middle Eastern artistic ceramics of the turn of the 10th—11th centuries and 11th century from the Volga Bulgaria sites. Among the antiquities found in Eastern Europe, these items represent a rare and unique category of eastern imports. For a more complete characteristics and reliable attribution, chemical composition of the glaze and the clay base was determined by means of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mineral composition of the ceramic base of most impressive artifacts was identified by the X-ray phase analysis. As a result, the origin and dating of the Mesopotamian luster-painted tableware and Iranian vessels of the 11th century of “Sari” type was determined. The emergence of the imported Middle Eastern art works in the Middle Volga Region, in my opinion, is one of the evidences of the initial stage of Volga Bulgarian urban culture formation during the 11th century.
Поливная керамика средневекового города Шамкир

Поливная керамика средневекового города Шамкир
(Glazed Ceramics of Medieval Shamkir City)

  • Author(s):Tarix Meyrut Dostiyev
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
  • Page Range:639-674
  • No. of Pages:36
  • Keywords:Azerbaijan; Shamkir; Middle Ages; glazed ceramics; ornament; artistic culture
  • Summary/Abstract:This article focuses on the red-clay glazed ceramics of medieval Shamkir city, the ruins of which are located in the western region of the Republic of Azerbaijan, on the left bank of the river Shamkirchay. Wheel-made glazed ceramics of Shamkir is manufactured from well-prepared high quality levigated clay and is evenly baked. Main decoration techniques applied on glazed ceramics in 8th — 10th centuries were the color of baked shard, engobe, manganese and copper oxyde and glaze. Painting with engobe colors prevailed. The second stage in the development of artistic ceramics of Shamkir, encompassing 11th — beginning of the 13th century, was characterized by some innovations in decoration technology. The products that were decorated with engraving, the reserved technique, manganese and white painted engobe coating, engraving on manganese paintings, polychrome products under the glaze were widely used. The decor is dominated by geometric patterns, rarer plant, epigraphic and figurative motifs. Widespread rise of pottery production which began in the 9th century continuously evolved and reached its apogee in the 12th century.
Средневековая керамика из фондов Национального музея Татарстана (предварительное сообщение)

Средневековая керамика из фондов Национального музея Татарстана (предварительное сообщение)
(Medieval Ceramics from the National Museum of Tatarstan (preliminary communication))

  • Author(s):Konstantin Aleksandrovich Rudenko
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:675-699
  • No. of Pages:25
  • Keywords:Tatarstan; Volga Bulgaria; Golden Horde; Middle Ages; ceramics; museum collections; classification; research history
  • Summary/Abstract:The article considers the collection of medieval ceramics of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan. It includes finds from archaeological sites of Volga Bulgaria and Golden Horde sites in the Volga region. The author traces the history of this collection back to the second half of the 19th century. Findings from F. Ballod’s digs in the Golden Horde’s capital cities, so far little known to the researchers, are of special interest. The author examines main approaches to studying medieval ceramics by Kazan archaeologists in the 20th century and defines various groups of ceramics, mainly from Bolgar hillfort.
Поливная керамика с золотоордынских селищ округи Укека

Поливная керамика с золотоордынских селищ округи Укека
(Glazed Pottery from the Golden Horde Settlements of the Ukek Region)

  • Author(s):Leonard Fedorovich Nedashkovsky, Marat Bayazitovich Shigapov
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:701-712
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Low Volga region; Golden Horde; 13th—14th centuries; settlements; glazed pottery
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the article is to characterise the finds of glazed pottery, found on the settlements of the region of the Golden Horde city Ukek, situated in the Saratov area of the Saratov region. All described glazed ceramic wares are published for the first time; they come from L. F. Nedashkovsky’s excavations or from the casual finds. Chronologically, the settlements, and, accordingly, all published materials are dated by the second half of the 13th —14th century. Finds are represented by kashi, red-clay glazed ceramics, and fragments of luster, stamped glazed, celadon vessels, kashi buttons and tiles.
Поливная керамика Красноярского городища

Поливная керамика Красноярского городища
(Glazed Pottery of the Krasny Yar Hillfort)

  • Author(s):Evgeniy M. Pigarev
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:713-716
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:Golden Horde; Astrakhan Oblast; Krasny Yar settelment; glazed pottery; Qashan ceramics; pottery workshop
  • Summary/Abstract:The article discusses findings of the research conducted on Krasny Yar hillfort (Astrakhan Oblast) and defines the ceramic assemblage uncovered during the archaeological excavations. If offers an analysis and typology of Qashan glazed ware and provides data on debris of a pottery workshop, which used to manufacture glazed ceramics. It is the first such workshop uncovered in a non-capital Golden Horde city in the Lower Volga region.
Производство псевдоселадона в столице Золотой Орды — Сарае

Производство псевдоселадона в столице Золотой Орды — Сарае
(Production of Pseudo-Celadon in Saray, a Golden Horde Capital)

  • Author(s):Evgeniy M. Pigarev, Vadim L. Egorov
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:717-724
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Lower Volga area; Astrakhan Oblast; Golden Horde period; Selitrennoye hillfort; kilns; glazed pottery; Qashan pottery; pseudo-celadon
  • Summary/Abstract:The article offers findings of a study on a large aristocratic estate from Saray, a Golden Horde capital (Selitrennoe hillfort) excavated by the Volga Archaeological Expedition of the Archaeology Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 1978—1982. It is the first publication of a potter’s workshop found within the estate: it produced various ceremonial red-clay and Qashan ware. The authors characterize thermotechnical devices (kilns) excavated on the territory of the workshop. The analysis of the uncovered ceramic materials (spoilage, furnace stores, and various devices for baking glazed vessels) distinguishes kilns for manufacturing of pseudo-celadon — a local imitation of the Chinese celadon technology.
Глазури причерноморских средневековых посудных майолик: химический состав по данным спектрального анализа

Глазури причерноморских средневековых посудных майолик: химический состав по данным спектрального анализа
(Glazes of Black Sea Region Medieval Tableware Majolica: chemical composition according to spectral analysis)

  • Author(s):Vladimir Yu. Koval
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century
  • Page Range:725-738
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Black Sea region; Middle Ages; majolica; glaze; chemical composition; X-ray analysis
  • Summary/Abstract:Investigatios of 52 glazes samples (40 of them are examples of Byzantine-Black Sea origin) by X-ray microprobe technique allowed to make conclusions about the difference of the Byzantine (and its successor on North Black Sea Coast and the Golden Horde traditions) composition from the West-Mediterranean (Spanish-Italian), in particular for the 15th century. One of the results of these investigations is the discovery of the downward trend rate of lead oxide in the Byzantine and Black Sea glazes during the 12th—15th centuries, refuting earlier formulated hypotheses about the growth of the share of lead materials in “Chersonesus” glaze recipe. The author also notes the lack of reliable data on glazed pottery production in medieval Cherson.
Импортная глазурованная керамика Московского Кремля (по раскопкам 2007 г.)

Импортная глазурованная керамика Московского Кремля (по раскопкам 2007 г.)
(Imported Glazed Ceramics of the Moscow Kremlin (from 2007 year excavations))

  • Author(s):Vladimir Yu. Koval
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, 16th Century
  • Page Range:739-763
  • No. of Pages:25
  • Keywords:Moscow Kremlin; Middle Ages; imported glazed pottery; classification; origin
  • Summary/Abstract:The archaeological excavations in the Moscow Kremlin carried out in 2007 uncovered a collection of imported glazed ceramics (146 samples). This is the most numerous collection of all previous finds of such ceramics in the Kremlin over more than 100 years.Sherds of vessels produced in the middle — second half of the 14th century in the Golden Horde towns in the Lower Volga region make almost half of this collection. Most of them are made of soft white Qashan (quartz-frits) decorated with polychrome (black-and-blue, black/green-and-blue-and-turquoise) painting, often with addition of white engobe. A very small group (about 5%) are sherds of red-clay ceramics with green transparent lead glaze without any decoration; these were manufactured in towns of the South-Eastern Crimea. Chinese celadons and blue-and-white faience make an unusually big group (1/5 of all finds), yet these vessels were represented only by small fragments found in 16th — 17th centuries layers. The Turkish faience (from Iznik) of the first half of the 16th century, which is a very rare find in Russia, make 13% of all finds. Including, sherds of vessels with red background, which are the first finds of this kind in Moscow and in Russia as a whole. The most enigmatic groups include sherds of imported plates without any decoration and bowls with brown decoration. These were likely produced in Asia Minor or in the Caucasus. Another type of vessels decorated by white engobe were probably imported from North-Western Europe — Holland or Germany (a tripod vessel).
Ishkornaïa : de l’usage de la soude végétale dans les revêtements céramiques (Paykend, oasis de Boukhara, IXe—XIXe siècles)

Ishkornaïa : de l’usage de la soude végétale dans les revêtements céramiques (Paykend, oasis de Boukhara, IXe—XIXe siècles)
(Ishkornaya: the use of vegetal soda plant in ceramic coverings (Paykend, Bukhara oasis, 9th—19th centuries))

  • Author(s):Guergana Guionova, Mathilde Bouquet
  • Language:French
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 6th to 12th Centuries
  • Page Range:767-777
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Central Asia; Islamic Period; Timurid Period; Post-Timurid Period; Pottery; Alkaline Glaze
  • Summary/Abstract:The terms of ishkornaya or ishkor ware are used in the western archaeological literature. They relate to the alkaline glazes produced from plant ashes. This technique is still used nowadays. The archaeological material from Paykend provides the samples with opaque or transparent alkaline glaze from the 9th—10th century and later, from Timurid and post-Timurid period. The first ones are produced in Paykend’s pottery workshop. The following are from the oasis region. They are characterized by the presence of the siliceous slip between the earthenware body and the glaze. This observation remains to be confirmed by laboratory tests.
Поливная керамика Узбекистана: этапы развития

Поливная керамика Узбекистана: этапы развития
(Glazed Ceramics of Uzbekistan: Stages of Development)

  • Author(s):Elmira F. Gyul
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Cultural history, Middle Ages, Modern Age, Recent History (1900 till today), History of Art
  • Page Range:779-793
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:Uzbekistan; Afrasiab; Timurids; Late Medieval Uzbek Khanates; ceramic vessels; potash; Qashan; ‘chinni’ ceramics; decoration; coloring
  • Summary/Abstract:The article offers an analysis of main stages in development of glazed ceramics of Uzbekistan: Samanid, Karakhanid and Timurid periods, the period of the late medieval Uzbek Khanates and the modern period. The author characterizes local ceramic schools and centers and reveals traditional elements in development of pottery. She discusses reasons behind the spread of glazed ceramics during the first centuries of Islam. Its further specific development is explained within the context of social-historical development of the region.The ceramic industry of Uzbekistan is shown as a vibrant and dynamic process, which has maintained sustainable archetypical features through time. These include: conventional pattern, contrast colors, basic repertory of decoration: floral motifs, stylized images of animals and birds, simplistic geometric ornamentation.
Поливная керамика Миздахкана

Поливная керамика Миздахкана
(Glazed Ceramics of Mizdakhkan)

  • Author(s):Omar-Sharif Kdirniazob
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:795-811
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Keywords:Southern Aral Sea region; Golden Horde; medieval site of Mizdakhkan; Qashan and red clay glazed ceramics; ornament; classification
  • Summary/Abstract:The author discusses glazed ceramics of the medieval town of Mizdakhkan. The site is situated in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The archaeological digs conducted on the hillfort in 1985—2015 yielded a vast collection of ceramic materials. Glazed ceramics of Mizdakhkan demonstrates a variety of manufacturing technologies, forms, use, ornamentation and color of glaze. By these criteria, it can be classified into types and subtypes. Among them, the red-clay and Qashan ceramics of the Golden Horde time prevail. There is also imported celadon, minai and luster items. This paper discusses just the most typical samples of glazed ceramics of 13th—14th centuries. The forms and ornamental patterns of glazed items mainly suggest local manufacturing; however, they find analogies on the Golden Horde sites in different regions: in cities of the Lower Volga region, North Caucasus, Crimea and Dniester region (Old Orhei).
Кашин Хорезма

Кашин Хорезма
(Qashan Ceramics of Khwarezm)

  • Author(s):Mukhammed-Sharip Kdirniazob
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Middle Ages, 13th to 14th Centuries
  • Page Range:813-833
  • No. of Pages:21
  • Keywords:Khorezm; Golden Horde period; Kashin ceramics; glaze; ornamentation
  • Summary/Abstract:The author publishes some new finds of the 13th — 14th century Qashan ceramics from medieval towns of Khwarezm. The author offers his own ideas about the typology of the Qashan ceramics produced in the Central Asia, referring primarily to the authority of previous researchers. An attempt is made to define which vessels refer to the local production and which were imported here from Iran. The author concludes about the same place of origin for the Qashan ceramics produced in Khwarezm urban centers and main Golden Horde cities in the Lower Volga region.
Китайский фарфор с русских памятников Среднего Прииртышья XVII — первой половины XVIII вв.

Китайский фарфор с русских памятников Среднего Прииртышья XVII — первой половины XVIII вв.
(Chinese Porcelain from Russian Sites of the Middle Irtysh in 17th — First Half of the 18th Centuries)

  • Author(s):Philip S. Tataurov
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Cultural history, 17th Century, 18th Century
  • Page Range:835-841
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Middle Irtysh region; 17th — first half of the 18th century; Russian settlements; Chinese porcelain; trade relations
  • Summary/Abstract:The process of accession of Western Siberia to the Russian state had begun in the end of the 16th century. Russian pioneers were looking for opportunities and ways of communication, both with natives, and with the population of the territories, adjacent to Western Siberia because of the conditions of the new cultural environment and constant military danger. This enabled commercial relations and cultural exchange. Among all range of imported goods the significant place was taken by the things which emphasized the social status and welfare of their owners. Chinese porcelain which was widely spread in the region despite its high price can serve a good example of such prestigious things. It was imported into the territory of Central Irtysh region tduring the mid 17th — first half of the 18th centuries, which can be confirmed by materials of archaeological research.
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