Wojciech Jastrzębiec – w służbie monarchii i Kościoła
Wojciech Jastrzębiec – in the service of the monarchy and Church
Contributor(s): Bożena Czwojdrak (Editor), Feliks Kiryk (Editor), Jerzy Sperka (Editor)
Subject(s): History
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Keywords: Wojciech Jastrzębiec
Summary/Abstract: In the year 2016 fell the 580th anniversary of Wojciech Jastrzębiec’s passing; he consecutively held the following offices: the bishop of Poznań, the bishop of Kraków, the archbishop of Gniezno, and Chancellor of the Kingdom of Poland during the reign of Władysław Jagiełło. The said jubilee turned out to be an occassion to organize a conference devoted to this outstanding figure. There was no coincidence whatsoever on the location of the event, since the city of Sandomierz hosted the renowned scholars already twice so far, in 2005 and 2010, when discussions concerning the bishop of Kraków Zbigniew Oleśnicki and the archbishop of Gniezno Mikołaj Trąba took place. The conference in question was, therefore, an appropriate closure of this Sandomierz proceedings in three installments. However, in case of Wojciech Jastrzębiec there is some added significance to the location, since he had been born in Łubice, which is a stone’s throw away from Sandomierz, and a nearby village of Beszowa boasts a marvellous monastery complex with an adjacent church (established for Pauline Fathers) founded by Jastrzębiec himself. It was in Sandomierz where he learned and studied and where his perserverance and ambition elevated him to the highest spiritual and state offices, to attain the status of King Władysław Jagiełło’s closest advisors. For that matter, it seemed only natural to us that the third Sandomierz conference should be devoted to Wojciech, the faithful son of this soil.
The conference planning and organization was entrusted to the representatives of the Institute of History, University of Silesia in Katowice, dr hab. Bożena Czwojdrak and Professor dr. hab. Jerzego Sperki, and of the Institute of History and Archival Studies, Pedagogical University of Kraków – Professor Emeritus Feliks Kiryka and Professor dr. hab. Zdzisław Noga. In May of 2016, following our invitation to Sandomierz, there arrived the scholars of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, the Polish Academy and Sciences in Poznań and Kraków, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, University of Gdańsk, University of Warsaw, and the University of Silesia in Katowice. During the two days of conference sessions – May 23 and 24 – a dozen or so conference lectures were delivered which prompted lively debate. The figure of Wojciech Jastrzębiec was analyzed from many angles, including his church, political, and patron of art’s activity; his numerous foundations and the close circle of trustees was also tracked. During the conference sessions it was revealed that many dated opinions regarding the bishop could be verified and present in a new light; in addition, some new aspects of his life were presented. It is therefore a great pleasure for us to present you with the conference papers, obviously in their extended and enriched versions and we hope that they will prove to be of interest not only to historians and historians of art, but to the lovers of the Sandomierz land as well. (A fragment from the Introduction).
Series: Historia
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3524-7
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3523-0
- Page Count: 238
- Publication Year: 2018
- Language: Polish
Opieka czy nepotyzm – Wojciech Jastrzębiec i jego rodzina
Opieka czy nepotyzm – Wojciech Jastrzębiec i jego rodzina
(Assistance or nepotism – Wojciech Jastrzębiec and his family)
- Author(s):Bożena Czwojdrak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:9-17
- No. of Pages:16
- Summary/Abstract:In her article, the author describes the age‑old phenomenon of nepotism i.e. the granting of offices and other positions to relatives, on the basis of the activities of the archbishop of Gniezno, Wojciech Jastrzębiec. He was remarkably efficient, for he helped initiate the religious career of no less than eight of his close relatives, of whom a part continued their careers, although they failed to reach the number of the offices that were attained by their uncle, and another part gave up their careers, usually taking up subsequent secular offices and eventually attaining the highest ranks. The author attempts to familiarise the reader with the circumstances and the mechanisms of these promotions, explaining their broad scale.
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Wojciech Jastrzębiec – faworyt króla Władysława Jagiełły
Wojciech Jastrzębiec – faworyt króla Władysława Jagiełły
(Wojciech Jastrzębiec – a favourite of king Władysław Jagiełło)
- Author(s):Jerzy Sperka
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:19-37
- No. of Pages:26
- Summary/Abstract:Owing to king Władysław Jagiełło’s favour, Wojciech Jastrzębiec was granted a string of church offices and state positions. He began his career in the chancery of queen Jadwiga, then he became a bishop of Poznań (1399), which granted him entry to the royal council. Subsequently, due to a plot against Piotr Wysz, he assumed after him the episcopacy of Kraków (1412). At the same time, after Mikołaj Trąba was deposed from the royal chancery, he became its chief by assuming the office of the chancellor. During the following eight years he was the closest advisor of the king, his favourite. He exerted a great influence upon the internal and the external policy of the Kingdom of Poland. Wojciech Jastrzębiec’s political position declined in 1420 due to an unfavourable verdict which was issued by king Zygmunt Luksemburski in the Polish‑Teutonic dispute. Jagiełło accused the chancellor that he allegedly failed to fulfil his command even during the session in Koszyce in 1419, which was supposed to affect the subsequent Wrocław verdict. Due to the fact that the chancellor did not want to assume responsibility for the failure of the royal policy, in 1423 Jagiełło brought about a situation in which he was stripped of the chancellorship and the Kraków archiepiscopate, and then his transfer to the archbishopric of Gniezno, which constituted an apparent promotion because in reality it entailed a loss of influence in the sphere of the monarch.
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Wojciech Jastrzębiec jako biskup poznański na Mazowszu (1399–1412). Erygowanie kapituły kolegiackiej w Warszawie
Wojciech Jastrzębiec jako biskup poznański na Mazowszu (1399–1412). Erygowanie kapituły kolegiackiej w Warszawie
(Wojciech Jastrzębiec as a Poznań bishop in Mazowsze (1399–1412). The erection of the collegiate church in Warsaw)
- Author(s):Kazimierz Pacuski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:39-51
- No. of Pages:20
- Summary/Abstract:As a bishop of Poznań (1399–1412) Wojciech Jastrzębiec distinguished himself in the organization of new structures in the Mazovian part of the diocese which theretofore constituted the archdeaconry of Czersk. He regulated the question of the establishment of a St John the Baptist church in Warsaw in the theretofore parish church and the establishment of a collegiate chapter, with prelates and canons, by means of the foundation of prince Janusz I. Warsaw became a leading church centre of southern Mazowsze, at the same time performing the function of a new capital of the Czersk‑Warsaw dukedom. The bishop also brought about the erection of a number of new parishes there, in order to meet the growing ministry‑related requirements.
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Biskup poznański Wojciech Jastrzębiec jako starosta koniński
Biskup poznański Wojciech Jastrzębiec jako starosta koniński
(The bishop of Poznań, Wojciech Jastrzębiec, as a starost of Konin)
- Author(s):Sobiesław Szybkowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:53-75
- No. of Pages:30
- Summary/Abstract:Wojciech Jastrzębiec was the one who had the longest tenure as the starost of Konin during Władysław Jagiełło’s reign. He held this office since 1403 allegedly until early 1411. Because the basic relation concerning Jastrzębiec tenure is the oldest land book of Konin, it is mainly his judicial activity that was documented. The bishop of Poznań as a starost of Konin presided over judicial proceedings in a total of sixteen sessions, of which three of were at the same time sessions of the court held in the presence of the king and one was doubtlessly a session of commissarial proceedings. Sources do not confirm that Wojciech was engaged more in the expansion or the amelioration of the state of royal estates which constituted the endowment of the starosty which was granted to him. It seems that above all he drew income from his starosty which he assigned to public activity and investments associated with family estates.
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Biskup poznański i arcybiskup gnieźnieński Wojciech Jastrzębiec w kontaktach z zakonem krzyżackim
Biskup poznański i arcybiskup gnieźnieński Wojciech Jastrzębiec w kontaktach z zakonem krzyżackim
(The contact of the bishop of Poznań and the archbishop of Gniezno, Wojciech Jastrzębiec with the Teutonic Order)
- Author(s):Adam Szweda
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:77-90
- No. of Pages:21
- Summary/Abstract:The article presents the day‑to‑day contacts of Wojciech Jastrzębiec with the Teutonic Order, when the clergyman was a bishop of Poznań (1399–1412), and then an archbishop of Gniezno (1423–1436). In the first period the contact was dominated by a dispute about the tithes from the patrimonial villages of Landsberg (of Gorzów); the controversy reached the Roman curia, and it also involved the grand master Konrad von Jungingen. The second period involved tithes‑related and patronal affairs in the small areas of the Gniezno archdiocese subordinated to the Teutonic authority and the moral affairs of the inhabitants of the borderlands. Jastrzębiec’s behaviour in all of these affairs presents him as a supporter of a tough policy in reference to the Teutonic Order in Prussia.
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Konsystorz poznański za pontyfikatu biskupa Wojciecha Jastrzębca w świetle najstarszych ksiąg wpisów (1404–1411)
Konsystorz poznański za pontyfikatu biskupa Wojciecha Jastrzębca w świetle najstarszych ksiąg wpisów (1404–1411)
(The Poznań consistory during the pontificate of bishop Wojciech Jastrzębiec in the light of the earliest books of records (1404–1411))
- Author(s):Adam Kozak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:91-108
- No. of Pages:25
- Summary/Abstract:On the basis of two earliest extant court books the author of the article conducted an analysis of the functioning of the Poznań consistory in the second part of the pontificate of bishop Wojciech Jastrzębiec. The article presents the figures of the then officials and vicars in spiritualibus, the frequency, the dates and the venues of judicial sessions, as well as the number of the cases which were conducted (one may observe a considerably greater activity on the part of the officials). There is also a brief discussion of the junior judicial personnel (vicegerents, instigators or advocates and proctors). In the light of the data which was collected, the Poznań consistory of that time appears to be an efficient and well‑organised institution, which was a result above all of the fact that the function of the official and the vicar in spiritualibus was conferred to experienced practitioner and of the fact that the latter collaborated in a harmonious manner. Of considerable importance was also the role of bishop Wojciech Jastrzębiec, who took it upon himself to handle selected cases personally. The records which documented his activity in this field are included in an appendix to the present text.
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„I uszkodziłeś króla i wszytką koronę pospólstwa”. Compromissum w Koszycach w 1419 roku oraz proces Wojciecha Jastrzębca na zjeździe w Łęczycy w 1420 roku w świetle współczesnego łacińsko‑polskiego dokumentu Mikołaja Trąby i relacji Jana Długosza
„I uszkodziłeś króla i wszytką koronę pospólstwa”. Compromissum w Koszycach w 1419 roku oraz proces Wojciecha Jastrzębca na zjeździe w Łęczycy w 1420 roku w świetle współczesnego łacińsko‑polskiego dokumentu Mikołaja Trąby i relacji Jana Długosza
(“You did damage to the king and whole Crown of community”. Compromissum in Košice in 1419 and trial of W. Jastrzębiec during the assembly in Łęczyca in 1420 in light of contemporary Latin‑Polish document of M. Trąba and Annales of J. Długosz)
- Author(s):Marek A. Janicki
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:109-143
- No. of Pages:42
- Summary/Abstract:The article contains analysis of both: the circumstances of the summit of Ladislaus Jagiello and Sigismund of Luxembourg in Košice in May 1419 and accusation of Polish Kingdom chancellor and bishop of Cracow Wojciech Jastrzębiec of, so‑called today, high treason during assembly of the Polish Kingdom in Łęczyca in July 1420. Particular remarks aim to reconsider current view of historiography on these subjects, which arises from erroneous translation of Jan Długosz’s Annales in its new edition. The document of the king of Poland, which authorized the king of Romans to issue an arbitrary sentence in the dispute of Poland and Lithuania and Teutonic Order in Prussia (ultimately so‑called Breslau sentence passed on 6 January 1420), was prepared and authenticated by Wojciech Jastrzębiec, and dated in Košice, 8 May 1419. This document did not include entire content agreed by the king with his council and this resulted inter alia in loss of compensation offered by the Order already in 1414. Due to that in July 1420 in Łęczyca, the public trial of Jastrzębiec commenced. The course of the trial is known from contemporary document of primate archbishop of Gniezno Mikołaj Trąba as well as from significantly different relation of Jan Długosz. The Latin document of Mikołaj Trąba, analysed in the article, includes two extensive fragments in Polish, in which terms meaning political community and state interest, corresponding to their Latin equivalents, are defined and explained in the context of accusation.
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Biskupa Wojciecha Jastrzębca paterna sollicitudo o Kościół krakowski. Statuty synodalne z roku 1420
Biskupa Wojciecha Jastrzębca paterna sollicitudo o Kościół krakowski. Statuty synodalne z roku 1420
(The paterna sollicitudo about the Church of Kraków of bishop Wojciech Jastrzębiec. The synodal statutes of 1420)
- Author(s):Krzysztof Ożóg
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:145-160
- No. of Pages:23
- Summary/Abstract:As a bishop of Kraków (1412–1423), Wojciech Jastrzębiec aptly perceived the pastoral needs of his diocese and he attempted to satisfy those needs by means of diocesan statutes, issued in late 1420. These statutes represent the most important monuments of late medieval synodal legislation in Poland. They consist of two parts: a pastoral compendium for the clergy, especially parochial clergy, as well as seven articles devoted to a number of the current problems of the Church of Kraków. The compendium consisted of two treatises which discussed the following: the sacraments, especially the cases in the administering of these sacraments, preaching, and ecclesiastical penalties, as well as the code of conduct during the administering of an interdict. The compendium served the clergy of the Kraków diocese, enhancing their discharging of pastoral duties until the late 15th century, and it was also used in other dioceses.
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Udział kanoników krakowskich w zarządzie diecezją za pontyfikatu Wojciecha Jastrzębca
Udział kanoników krakowskich w zarządzie diecezją za pontyfikatu Wojciecha Jastrzębca
(The contribution of the canons of Kraków in the management of a diocese during Wojciech Jastrzębiec’s pontificate)
- Author(s):Elżbieta Knapek
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:161-169
- No. of Pages:16
- Summary/Abstract:In the early years of Wojciech Jastrzębiec’s pontificate in the Kraków diocese, his relations with the cathedral chapter were overshadowed by the circumstances in which he assumed command of the diocese. King Władysław Jagiełło took advantage of all circumstances (i.e. the sickness of bishop Piotr Wysz, the fiasco of the reform of the Church in the council of Pisa) in order to induce the pope to transfer the then bishop of Kraków, Piotr Wysz, to Poznań and to entrust Wojciech Jastrzębiec with the command of the capital diocese. The sources fail to mention any protest on the part of the Kraków chapter against the translation of Piotr Wysz to Poznań. However, the canons of Kraków manifested considerable reserve toward the new ordinary. The people who theretofore were the collaborators of Piotr Wysz did not assume any important diocesan offices, and the new ordinary had to fill these offices with the canons who were recently appointed to join the chapter. The relations of Wojciech Jastrzębiec with the Kraków chapter were improved only after the death of Piotr Wysz and the end of the general council of Constance, which is confirmed by intensified participation of the canons in the management of the diocese and the execution of the diocesan synod in 1420.
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Działalność duszpasterska arcybiskupa Wojciecha Jastrzębca. Ordynacja z 1426 roku dla duchowieństwa katedry gnieźnieńskiej
Działalność duszpasterska arcybiskupa Wojciecha Jastrzębca. Ordynacja z 1426 roku dla duchowieństwa katedry gnieźnieńskiej
(The pastoral activity of archbishop Wojciech Jastrzębiec. The regulations of 1426 for the clergy of the cathedral of Gniezno)
- Author(s):Marta Czyżak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:171-188
- No. of Pages:25
- Summary/Abstract:The article presents the intensive pastoral activity of archbishop Wojciech Jastrzębiec both in terms of the development of the worship of God in cathedral, collegiate and parish churches, and in terms of the pastoral care of the believers. These tasks were realised by Jastrzębiec above all in the funding or reorganisation of the existing collegia of the clergy: canons (the collegiate churches in Warsaw, in Łowicz), mansionarii (the cathedrals in Poznań, Gniezno, the parish churches in Ruszcza and Stopnica), perpetual vicars (the cathedrals in Poznań and in Gniezno, the St. Florian collegiate church in Kraków), poenitentiarii (the cathedral in Gniezno), the establishment of preachers (Stopnica, Łowicz), of the rectors of parish and collegiate schools (Ruszcza, Stopnica, Łowicz) and the corrections of the rubrics of liturgical books. During his tenure as bishop (the bishop of Poznań: 1399–1412, the bishop of Kraków: 1412–1423, the archbishop of Gniezno: 1423–1436) he issued a total of nine sets of regulations which established or reorganised the previously mentioned collegia. In the regulations for the cathedral of Gniezno of 1426 (which was promulgated by a papal bull of 1431, and in its extended version of 1428) he not only handled the external aspects of the worship but above all he established a collegium of four poenitentiarii, reformed the collegia of the mansionarii and perpetual vicars, he established the lectors of canon law and theology for the instruction of the clergy of the diocese. These activities were supposed to serve two purposes formulated in the harangues of the regulations: the enrichment of the liturgy (divine service) and the revival of the devotion of the believers.
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Pieczęcie Wojciecha Jastrzębca
Pieczęcie Wojciecha Jastrzębca
(Wojciech Jastrzębiec’s sigilla)
- Author(s):Piotr Pokora
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:189-211
- No. of Pages:30
- Summary/Abstract:The number of all types of the sigilla of Wojciech Jastrzębiec (both those which are featured in original impressions and the ones which are only mentioned indirectly in the sources or about whose existence one may merely conjecture) should be put at ten, perhaps eleven. This is ample testimony about their role, their significance, and the importance which Jastrzębiec attached, at the various stages of his life and career, to this form of the manifestation of his social position and the offices that he held. His great sigilla were works of aurarian art. As far as the matters of the chancery practice are concerned, it seems that the principles of impressing a sigillum according to the rank of a document were observed, albeit inconsistently in some cases.
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Uwagi o patronacie artystycznym Wojciecha Jastrzębca
Uwagi o patronacie artystycznym Wojciecha Jastrzębca
(Some remarks about the artistic patronage of Wojciech Jastrzębiec)
- Author(s):Mateusz Grzęda
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History
- Page Range:213-225
- No. of Pages:20
- Summary/Abstract:The article is devoted to the parish church in Beszowa, founded by Wojciech Jastrzębiec in 1407, and to the circumstances in which the Pauline fathers were transferred there from Częstochowa in 1421. Particular attention was devoted to the image of Mary with the Child, adorned with relics, which has not been preserved but which is mentioned in the inventory of the church of 1421. According to the hypothesis which is put forward this image could have portrayed Mary with the Child in the type of Hodegetria and to make reference as far as the idea is concerned to the miraculous image of Mary with the Child stored in the Pauline cloister church in Jasna Góra. If such was the case, then the decision to bring this order to Beszowa could have been associated not only with its contemplative nature but above all with the cult (promoted by the bishops of Kraków) of the image stored in Jasna Góra, which was maintained by the Pauline monks of Częstochowa.
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