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Microtoponyms and macrotoponyms in communication and literature Cover Image

Mikrotoponimy i makrotoponimy w komunikacji i literaturze
Microtoponyms and macrotoponyms in communication and literature

Contributor(s): Artur Gałkowski (Editor), Renata Gliwa (Editor)
Subject(s): Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Keywords: microtoponym;macrotoponyms;communication;literature
Summary/Abstract: The monograph Microtoponyms and macrotoponyms in communication and literature presented to readers, is a second publication issued as a part of the Nomina loci project under the auspices of the Slavic Onomastics Committee by the International Board of Slavists. The whole series is the outcome of deliberations started during the 18th International and Polish Onomastics Conference “Microtoponyms and macrotoponyms” (Łódź, October 27 – 29, 2012).

Series: Uniwersytet Łódzki

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-83-7969-627-7
  • Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-7969-626-0
  • Page Count: 429
  • Publication Year: 2015
  • Language: Slovak, English, French, Russian, Czech, Polish
Спільне та відмінне у принципах номінації поселень і мікрооб’єктів

Спільне та відмінне у принципах номінації поселень і мікрооб’єктів
(Common and different features in the naming principles of settlemnets and small geographic objects)

  • Author(s):Dmytro Buchko
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:15-24
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:nomination;oikonym;microtoponym;nomination principles
  • Summary/Abstract:This work establishes commonnality in the naming principles of populated places (settlements) and other small geographic objects. Despite the different nature of settlements and other places and different methods of assigning proper names to different objects, there are some common nomination methods. In particular, these common methods include references to the fact that the object belongs to a specific owner or reflection of individual features of the object in its name.
Výslovnostní specifika toponym v češtině

Výslovnostní specifika toponym v češtině
(Specificities of pronunciation of toponyms in Czech)

  • Author(s):Veronika Štěpánová
  • Language:Czech
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:25-32
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:toponym;pronunciation;language consulting centre
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper is focused on the pronunciation of foreign and native toponyms in the contemporary Czech. The analysed material is based especially on the questions addressed to the language consulting centre of the Institute of the Czech Language, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The pronunciation of a high number of toponyms is not stabilised in Czech and no work dealing with this topic in detail and formulating a complex of general rules is available. This gap is experienced by everybody who needs to use a problematic toponym even in its written form, for the declension of proper names is influenced especially by their pronunciation. If the pronunciation of toponyms is recorded in the manuals, various dictionaries include even inconsistent and contradictory pronunciation recommendations. The article analyses the names Edinburgh, Göteborg, Faerské ostrovy, Sevilla, Mallorca, and others.
Paralelní formace v anoikonymii Čech

Paralelní formace v anoikonymii Čech
(Parallel Formations in Anoikonyms of Bohemia)

  • Author(s):Pavel Štěpán
  • Language:Czech
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:33-39
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:proper noun;anoikonym;parallel formation;lexical unit
  • Summary/Abstract:The article deals with the so-called parallel formations occurring in anoikonyms, i.e. lexical units having the same form but being formed differently. In the common-noun sphere of the language such formations are usually understood as word-formation homonyms, but due to the fact that proper nouns have no lexical meaning this term is not adequate in proper nouns. The material basis is formed by minor place names (anoikonyms, names of non-settlement geographical objects) form the territory of Bohemia. The core of the paper is formed by the typology of parallel formations in anoikonyms. The individual analysed types include (1) formations formed by a certain suffix attached to two or more different, but formally identical bases (e.g. BRAMBORKA from the common noun brambora, as well as from the anthroponym Brambora), (2) formations (predominantly adjectives) formed by a certain suffix form formally resembling oikonyms having different endings (e.g. BLANICKÝ from the oikonym Blanice, as well as from the oronym Blaník), (3) formations varying in the different position of the morphological juncture (e.g. PRAŽAČKA from the oikonym Praha + -ačka, as well as from the anthroponym PRAŽÁK + -ka), (4) formations from reduced toponymical bases formally identical with formations from shorter unreduced toponyms.
(Nie)autentyczność mikrotoponimów ustalonych po 1945 roku na tzw. Ziemiach Zachodnich

(Nie)autentyczność mikrotoponimów ustalonych po 1945 roku na tzw. Ziemiach Zachodnich
((In)authenticity of microtoponyms determined after 1945 on so-called Western Lands in Poland)

  • Author(s):Paweł Swoboda
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:41-54
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:polonization;Commision for the Determination of Place Names;language policy;Silesia;Western Pomerania
  • Summary/Abstract:One of the goals of the Commission for the Determination of Place Names, which has been reactivated after 1945, was to restore Polish (or Slavic) geographical names on so-called Recovered Territories on the basis of historical research and field work. In this paper I present the arguments which prove that names of physiografical objects on Western Lands included in official registries were in many cases artificial. The study also reveals some types of mistakes made by Commission during the determination of names.
Способи вираження посесивності в мікротопонімії та ойконімії України

Способи вираження посесивності в мікротопонімії та ойконімії України
(The Ways of Expressing Possessive (Possessivus) in Microtoponymy and Place Names of Ukraine)

  • Author(s):Zoryana Kupchynska
  • Language:Ukrainian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:55-66
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:possessive;place names;microtoponyms;Genetivus Possessivus
  • Summary/Abstract:Possessive is realized in the language in different ways at its numerous levels. Toponymy system of Ukraine represents mainly possessive names which have been formed on the basis of combination of possessive adjective and a noun. Belonging of geographical object was expressed not only by possessives ending in *-jь, *-inъ, *-ovъ/-evъ but also by place names of the other types: -івка (Василівка), -щина (Романівщина), -иха (Юрчиха), -івці (Гринівці), -инці (Кузьминці), -иця (Тарасиця). The ways of expressing possesive (possesivus) at the level of place names and microtoponymy have much in common: it is best revealed in the names ending in *-inъ, *-ovъ/-evъ which are possessives traditionally. Possessive names ending in *-jь remain only at the level of place names due to their archaic character. Possessive is expressed by Genetivus Possessivus at the intermediate stage between appellatives and proper names, that is why Genetivus Possessivus is characteristic of microtoponymy. As to names ending in -івка, -иха, -щина, -иця, these toponyms express possessive (possessivus) only partly, so their functioning on the territory of Ukraine is restricted.
Semantyka nazw własnych w ujęciu neurolingwistycznym

Semantyka nazw własnych w ujęciu neurolingwistycznym
(Proper names semantics in neurolinguistical depiction)

  • Author(s):Małgorzata Rutkiewicz-Hanczewska
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:67-80
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:anomia;proper names;name retrieval;semantic level;aphasia
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper presents latest research results in the field of cognitive psychology of proper names. The goal of this paper is proper names semantics characteristic (toponymy, anthroponymy) provided on the base of experiments with aphate with proper anomia, in other words the proper names retrieval disorders with common names sparing. In the research we present the proper names retrieval model especially on semantic level and in particular denotation and connotation.
Egzonimizacja polskich toponimów w języku francuskim

Egzonimizacja polskich toponimów w języku francuskim
(Exonymisation of toponyms of the territory of Poland in French language)

  • Author(s):Małgorzata Mandola
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:81-95
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:exonym;endonym;exonymisation;synchronic-contrastive toponymy
  • Summary/Abstract:Knowing that toponyms (and other proper names) “migrate” to other languages, and that this phenomenon is even more intense in the era of globalization, my paper will concern the issue of integration of toponyms in a foreign language and creation of exonyms. To see this integration we will compare the structure of the toponyms and its equivalents in a foreign language – particularly, the integration of Polish proper names in the French language. French foreign names will be compared with the original Polish names by the means of an analysis known as “l’analyse fonctionnelle”(functional analysis). This analyse will let us observe in details the inner structure of the foreign and original toponyms and in consequence, to observe the process of integration of the toponyms in a foreign language. The research is related to synchronic-contrastive toponomastics and can be useful, among others, in the international project of the UN on standardization of proper names worldwide.
“Piazza Bologna” a Roma: studio di caso di un panorama onimico. Processi transonimici di macro- e microtoponimi

“Piazza Bologna” a Roma: studio di caso di un panorama onimico. Processi transonimici di macro- e microtoponimi
(“Piazza Bologna” in Rome: case study of an onymic landscape. Macroand microtoponyms in transonymic processes)

  • Author(s):Enzo Caffarelli
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:97-112
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:anthroponym;chrematonym;hodonym;lexicalization;name-watching;onymic landscape;toponym;Italian linguistic terminology;transonymization
  • Summary/Abstract:What is the end of a toponym is a question that may seem curious only to those who do not have full perception of the continuous recycling place names undergo, passing from one typology (or category) to another in the onymic ambit, or lexicalising themselves. This paper will try to: a) analyse a corpus of toponyms of every kind from a specific space and time ambit, that is a square in the city of Rome, Piazza Bologna, and its surroundings; b) examine the transonymic process such toponyms have undergone; c) verify whether there are recurrent transonymic paths or ones that are more specific for particular typologies of toponyms. The essay opens with an ample terminological introduction and is then articulated in chapters about hodonymic hyperonyms (as underground trains stations), hodonyms deriving from toponyms and transonymies linked to vehicles and various commodities sectors.
Warianty odmiejscowych struktur przymiotnikowych w polskiej antroponimii

Warianty odmiejscowych struktur przymiotnikowych w polskiej antroponimii
(Adjectival Structure Variants of Surnames of Place-Names Origin in Polish Anthroponomy)

  • Author(s):Anna Dąbrowska-Kamińska
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:113-122
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:anthroponym;toponym;morphonemic processes
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the attempt to analyze the forming of some surnames types of place-name origin in Polish and Ukrainian anthroponymy. It is based upon the toponymic material included in the dictionary of oyconyms by Dmytr Buczko. Most of the anthroponyms analyzed have their word-formative base of place-name origin, as well as they have their adjectival equivalents. Some of these surnames occur in several variants like Holovno : Holowinski, Holowiecki, Holovec’kyj. The formal differences have been caused by morphological and phonetical processes. Different forms can also appear as a result of different writing formulas, or because of the various, place-name or appellative, origin of these names.
Z problematyki słoweńskich nazw mieszkańców i przymiotników pochodnych od nazw miejscowych

Z problematyki słoweńskich nazw mieszkańców i przymiotników pochodnych od nazw miejscowych
(On names for inhabitants and adjectives derived from Slovene place names)

  • Author(s):Silvo Torkar
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:123-128
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:place names;names of inhabitants;adjectival derivatives from place names
  • Summary/Abstract:In the process of standardization in two language reference works (SKI 1985, SP 2001), names for inhabitants and adjectives derived from Slovene place names underwent radical intervention. All too often, the principle of »predictable« derivation from place names causes names for inhabitants and adjectives to be in conflict with the actual usage, and, most importantly, to disregard the special features of the Slovene name-formation process. Suffixes in Slovene place names (-iče, -ica,-jane, -ina, -ek/-ik, -sk, -n) have not always played a role in the derivation of the inhabitant-naming and adjectival forms. A necessary but insufficient condition for their absence in the process is the fact that a toponym received the suffix only at the level of name-forming rather than when it was still a common name. In the design of normative guides, it is therefore necessary to take into account the fact that much of Slovene linguistic and social history is coded in names for inhabitants and adjectival derivatives from place names, and, consequently, to respect genuine name forms. Introducing so-called »predictable« derivatives in the category of place names would take an unnecessary toll on segments of Slovene linguistic and cultural heritage.
Živé osobné mená a pomenovacie modely v slovensko-poľskom jazykovom pomedzí

Živé osobné mená a pomenovacie modely v slovensko-poľskom jazykovom pomedzí
(Living (unofficial) personal names and naming patterns in the Slovak-Polish Language Boundary)

  • Author(s):Marcela Szczerbová
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:129-135
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:goral dialekt;language contacs;living (unofficial) personal names
  • Summary/Abstract:Animate nouns are common names that form a dynamic, constantly developing anthroponymic system manifested in spatial, temporal and frequency dimensions. The method of forming animate nouns is influenced by communication needs, socio-cultural situation of particular area, local habits and the formal aspect is affected by a local dialect. This research was carried out in the language boundary of Slovakia and Poland. On both sides, two neighbouring, but remarkably distinct villages were chosen. They differ in their character and nature, area, population, etc. On the Slovak side, the research was done in Rabca and Siehlne and in Poland it was Jablonka and Pekelnik. The results of the research are published in this article. The linguistic aspect of animate nouns – vocal and consonant system, inflexion, word class frequency, grammatical category of number and case – has been scrutinized in more detail.
Toponymá v živých osobných menách

Toponymá v živých osobných menách
(Toponyms in living (unofficial) personal names)

  • Author(s):Miroslav Kazík
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:137-145
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:living (unofficial) personal names;individual characteristic;name of house;western Slovakia
  • Summary/Abstract:Toponyms in living names could serve as a foundation for creating a citizen name which is part of living name. However toponyms themselves can step into living names. Oikonyms and anoikonyms are the integral part of functional articles of living personal names. The basis of oikonyms and anoikonyms occurs in the living personal names in the form of individual characteristic according to origin and residence and in the name of house. The essence of living names comes from field research in the solitary-cottages area in Stará Turá region.
Nazwy roślin uprawnych w śląskiej toponimii

Nazwy roślin uprawnych w śląskiej toponimii
(Crop names in the Silesian toponymy)

  • Author(s):Danuta Lech-Kirstein
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:147-158
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:microtoponymy;linguistic picture of the world;Silesian toponymy;conceptualization of the world
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper deals with Silesian macrotoponyms and microtoponyms that originate from the names of crops. These toponyms are part of the linguistic picture of the Silesian world, they show agriculture, pomiculture and horticulture methods and document the most frequently cultivated cereal plants (Jagielnica, Owiesno, Pszów), industrial plants (Chmieliska, Konopowiec, Lniszcze) and orchard plants (Gruszka, Jabłoniec, Za Trześnie). Some databases with names refer to specific times and events (Tabaczana Ścieżka), others are connected with the folk culture, natural medicine, agrarian rites, wedding customs, etc. In the light of these names, one can see the name creator and interpreter of the world, together with their point of view, conceptualization of the world and valuation.
Wariantywność fleksyjna mikrotoponimów i mikrotoponimów jednakowo brzmiących na podstawie wybranych polskich nazw miejscowych

Wariantywność fleksyjna mikrotoponimów i mikrotoponimów jednakowo brzmiących na podstawie wybranych polskich nazw miejscowych
(Flexion of identical micro- and macrotoponyms based on the example of selected Polish names)

  • Author(s):Iwona Nobis
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:159-168
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:homonymy;microtoponyms;macrotoponyms;variety of homonyms;inflection – genitive singular of masculine onyms
  • Summary/Abstract:The subject of the article is the flexion of the Polish homonymous names in the masculine. The term “homonyms” means the names of different objects that have the same shape. There are homonyms that have the same form in the nominative, but belong to different paradigms. The homonyms are segregated from the diachronic point of view, considering the sequence of linguistic phenomena over time. Just this episode contributes to the emergence of alternative forms. The homonyms appearance of flexion is rather common, as the homonymyty often occur in the Polish onomastics. For both place names as well as under ordinary nouns in the genitive singular, there are alternative forms.
Toponimy z końcówką ‘-e w mianowniku

Toponimy z końcówką ‘-e w mianowniku
(Toponyms as group with a primary ‘-e)

  • Author(s):Maria Czaplicka-Jedlikowska
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:169-181
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:toponyms as group with a primary ‘-e;microtoponyms;language cultural heritage
  • Summary/Abstract:The here to fore monographs compiled on the basis of historical material prove how much valuable information can be found in archives. Documentation of materials gathered from the dictionary entitled ‘Nazwy miejscowości w Polsce. Układ a tergo’, ed. by E. Jakus-Borkowa and K. Nowikowa, proves that the collection of acquired names is extremely rich (380 names) and interesting. Half of the collection comprises topographic (Podjaworze, Śródborze, Zagórze) and cultural names (Ołtarze, Podworze, Zatorze). The remaining part of the collection is names registering existence of game and domestic animals (Kozarze, Turze). However, the most interesting group includes eponyms such as: Grzegorze, Łazarze, Niemierze, Samborze / Szymborze and Sławoborze which have a distinct microtoponymic function (former parts of castellany, chapter or a village) located in various parts of Poland (podkarpackie, mazowieckie, podlaskie, warmińsko-mazurskie, kujawskopomorskie) from the 13th to 15th century.
Nazwy wybranych form ochrony przyrody – podobieństwa i różnice

Nazwy wybranych form ochrony przyrody – podobieństwa i różnice
(Names of the selected forms of nature – similarities and differences)

  • Author(s):Mirosława Świtała-Cheda
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:183-191
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:onomastics;toponymy;name of the forms of nature
  • Summary/Abstract:This article presents the names of the forms of nature, particularly monumental trees and boulders and the names of national parks. These are discussed primarily in the context of criteria used in toponymy, but also in terms of onimic motivation, structure and function in order to point out the similarities and differences between them.
Terytorialna i kulturowa identyfikacja w krakowskich nazwach firmowych

Terytorialna i kulturowa identyfikacja w krakowskich nazwach firmowych
(Territorial and Cultural Identification in Cracovian Names of Firms)

  • Author(s):Ewa Młynarczyk
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:193-203
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:chrematonymy;names of firms;toponymy;localization function
  • Summary/Abstract:Subjects of a closer analysis in the paper are Cracovian names of firms that were intended to emphasise relationships between firms or institutions and the place of their activities and thus to contribute to their territorial and cultural identification. Name-formative foundations of the analysed firmonyms are as follows: the town name (Kraków/Cracow), names of quarters and housing estates, names of streets, rivers and other stably spatially situated objects like monuments (Wawel), gates, turnpikes, forts, mounds, tenements etc. Considering specificity of Cracow and its role in the world’s cultural heritage some toponyms – keeping individual identification – have much wider (national or even universal) range. Names of firms derived from such toponyms perform not only localization but also persuasive function that arouses positive feelings connected with well-known and admired town. They also perform commemorative function fixing old, not being used any more names of quarters or reminding places that are historically important for the town. The function of firmonyms derived from names of streets, objects that are only locally known, is to arouse feelings of familiarity and intimacy.
Mikrotoponimy w systemie identyfikacji wizualnej wybranych łódzkich firm medycznych

Mikrotoponimy w systemie identyfikacji wizualnej wybranych łódzkich firm medycznych
(Microtoponyms in the corporate design of the selected local medical companies from Lodz)

  • Author(s):Marta Ułańska
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:205-215
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:microtoponym;corporate design;graphic sign
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this research/text is the analysis of the selected items of corporate design on the examples of companies of Lodz. The main problem is the microtoponym-name – its functioning in the system as well as a connection of structural and semantic elements of the business name with the visualization of the company. Gathered material includes some about 100 names of companies specializing in the medical industry. The corporate design is one of the most important components influencing the process of creating the corporate image. The business name, as a linguistic sign, requires the visual setting. There were chosen three elements of the logo for analysis: the shape, the color of the sign and the type of the font with which a microtoponym-name is written. There were also considered two things: outside signs of enterprises and the way the trademark functions on the website. Moreover, the connection of structural and semantic elements with the visual transmission was observed.
Les noms de résidences et d’ensembles résidentiels: entre toponyme urbain et nom commercial

Les noms de résidences et d’ensembles résidentiels: entre toponyme urbain et nom commercial
(Names of condominiums and housing estates – between the urban toponym and the commercial name)

  • Author(s):Monika Kostro
  • Language:French
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:217-227
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:urban sociolinguistics;urban toponyms;commercial names
  • Summary/Abstract:The article, which combines the perspective of onomastics and urban sociolinguistics, is an attempt at characterising a special category of proper names, which consists of the names of developers’investments – condominiums and housing estates. On the one hand, they can be analysed as place names, as a type of urban toponyms, on the other hand, they can be treated as names of products for sale, as commercial names. As place names, they should embody the location features of the real estate, as well as be part of the toponym system of a given city. As commercial names, they should above all perform a persuasive function, creating in the mind of a receiver an attractive vision of a place of living. The aim of the article is to analyse the way in which the naming strategies applied by developers reflect this dual requirement of creating names which embody the characteristics of both urban toponyms and commercial names, on the basis of the corpus of names of investments carried out in France and in Poland.
Nazwy przystanków komunikacji miejskiej w Polsce. Punkt widzenia językoznawcy i organizatora komunikacji miejskiej

Nazwy przystanków komunikacji miejskiej w Polsce. Punkt widzenia językoznawcy i organizatora komunikacji miejskiej
(The names of the urban transport stops)

  • Author(s):Piotr Tomasik
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:229-238
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:public transport;name;bus stop;urbanonym
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper focuses on the status and motivation of the formation of the names given to the stops of the urban transport in Poland. The names in question, taken from some Polish cities, are gathered and analysed. The author explains the methods of creating names and establishes some structural models. The main conclusion is as follows: there is a strong relation between the urbanonyms (especially – the street names or other public place names, logonyms, institutiononyms and apellatives) and the names of the urban transport stops. At prezent many Polish cities begin to systemise the names in question. All the names are compared with the rules stated in an official instruction of the Ministry of Transport, Construction and Maritime Economy. In the conclusion the author draws some subsequent questions and problems.
Wyznaczniki proprialności leksemów w dokumentach z XVIII i XIX wieku (na przykładzie nazewnictwa miejskiego Rzeszowa)

Wyznaczniki proprialności leksemów w dokumentach z XVIII i XIX wieku (na przykładzie nazewnictwa miejskiego Rzeszowa)
(The priopriality of lexeme determinants in documents dating back XVII and XIX centuries (based on Rzeszów’s urban onomastics))

  • Author(s):Agnieszka Myszka
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:239-251
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:proprialization;place name;appellative word;proper noun
  • Summary/Abstract:The complicated problem of border between an alternative area and a proprial area is the theme of this article. Author has analysed 8 benchmarks which establish status proprial meanings of documents written in XVII and XIX centuries. The following question has been discussed: the lexical meaning of names, orthography (capital and small letter), textual determinant preluding debatable lexeme (called “dicta”), the permanency of definition problem with regard to particular problem (the being of parallelised definitions coming from motivating diversity), steadiness of name, (if there are variation names, which has the same motivations but they are technically varied, particular entity frequency with regard to particular object, the time of name’s durability and explicitness (absence of name’s repeatability in another meaning). Explicitness, steadiness of name and structural analogy (meant as formal convergence to another urbanonimes) are the most important discriminant of name.
Inspiracje kulturowe we współczesnych oficjalnych nazwach wiejskich ulic w województwie podkarpackim

Inspiracje kulturowe we współczesnych oficjalnych nazwach wiejskich ulic w województwie podkarpackim
(Cultural inspirations in modern official names of rural streets in the Province of Podkarpacie)

  • Author(s):Ewa Oronowicz-Kida
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:253-262
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:official rural plateonymy;cultural onomastics
  • Summary/Abstract:In 1989, that was the turning point in political and economic terms, a new, never encountered before category of proper name occurred in villages of the Province of Podkarpacie, namely, official street names. In the set of almost 900 onims, you may spot cultural inspirations that accompanied their occurrence. On the discussed area the cultural influence was of general nature (traditional sources of inspiration: historical figures, biblical and literary ones) and local nature (sources rooted in the rural culture: names of parts of the village and hamlets; forenames and surname of people who belong to the history of the village or the neighbouring region). In total the names inspired with cultural phenomena constitute 43% of all names under analysis. Preponderance of commemorative, especially discretionary, names of local significance over the commemorative names of the domestic nature and domination of onims of historical origin among the erudite names as well as slow opening to being inspired with contemporary mass culture, represent specific characteristic features of the official rural plateonymy in the Province of Podkarpacie
Mikrotoponimy kaszubskie jako świadectwo różnorodności kulturowe

Mikrotoponimy kaszubskie jako świadectwo różnorodności kulturowe
(Kashubian mikrotoponymy of as a proof of the culture variety)

  • Author(s):Małgorzata Klinkosz, Zenon Lica
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:263-269
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:onomastics;cultural polyvalence;mikrotoponymy;Kashubian
  • Summary/Abstract:Kashubian Microtoponims come into relationships with the culture, history. They indicates social and ethnic relations. Bilingualism of Kashubians also operates in the naming layer. Kashubian language as the one of the minority languages inscribed on UNESCO’s list of endangered languages is still present in the names of places in the metropolitan area and beyond it. Microtoponymy is often transmitted only in the verbal version but then disappears a consciousness of the origin of the name and its relationship with the designatum. The remaining microtoponyms participate in the creation of the onymical world image which gives information about the local language communities within the multivalent cultural communication union.
Colour terms in microtoponymy of Western Bulgaria (with special attention to metaphoric uses of colour terms)

Colour terms in microtoponymy of Western Bulgaria (with special attention to metaphoric uses of colour terms)
(Colour terms in microtoponymy of Western Bulgaria (with special attention to metaphoric uses of colour terms))

  • Author(s):Maya Vlahova-Angelova
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:271-278
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:microtoponymy;figurative use;colour terms;local model of the Universe
  • Summary/Abstract:Colours in microtoponymy play significant role in patterning the local model of the Universe. They refer to some places as a consequence of various associations. Colour terms via their figurative uses are linguistic expression of abstract naïve thinking. This study investigates if figurative meanings of colour terms are inherent in Bulgarian microtoponymy and what they stand for. In other words it tries to prove that in microtoponymy the notion of cleanness could be expressed by the term white or the idea of danger/risk could be manifested by the term black.
Problemy onomastyczne czy translatorskie – kilka uwag o onomastyce migowej

Problemy onomastyczne czy translatorskie – kilka uwag o onomastyce migowej
(Onomastic or Translation Problems – a Few Remarks on Sign Language Onomastics)

  • Author(s):Alicja Podstolec
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:279-287
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Polish sign language;language variation;sign language signs for countries;cities;districts
  • Summary/Abstract:The chapter deals with different ways of creating names of towns in the Polish sign language, as well as their relations with names in the Polish language. The text raises an issue of whether it is really possible to give names to towns in sign language or it is merely a translation of already existing – in the Polish language – toponyms, thus, whether these issues concern onomastics or translation studies. Referring to other languages aims at presenting a wider context of research on sign languages.
Vers une classification toponymique des pseudonymes en français tchaté

Vers une classification toponymique des pseudonymes en français tchaté
(To a toponymic classification of nicknames in French chats)

  • Author(s):Jan Lazar
  • Language:French
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:289-294
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Internet;chat;nickname;toponym;toponymy
  • Summary/Abstract:This article focuses on toponyms forming the nicknames used by Internet users, especially in the context of real time communication on the Internet, which means communication on chats. The main aim of this article is to suggest a classification of nicknames formed from a toponym, as well as to bring their exact quantification in this particular type of electronic communication. A huge richness of nicknames is illustrated by the concrete examples taken from the corpus.
Sposoby użycia nazw toponimicznych w tekstach prasowych

Sposoby użycia nazw toponimicznych w tekstach prasowych
(Ways of using toponymic names in press texts)

  • Author(s):Beata Afeltowicz
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:295-306
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:onomastics;toponymy;Polish local press;grammatical correctness
  • Summary/Abstract:Toponymy is a huge collection of geographical names, which consists of: 1. place names, 2. field names, 3. mountain names, so called oronyms, 4. water names, so called hydronyms, 5. City names, so called urbonyms. There is also a division of toponymy into two basic groups: oikonyms, or names of inhabited places and anoikonyms, or names of uninhabited places. According to this classification, the study included only oikonyms. First of all, the aim of this study was to show the characteristic ways of using toponymic names in contemporary news and journalistic press texts. What is more, the author wanted to keep trace of innovations, extralinguistic and intralinguistic errors that occur in using this onimical category. n order to research the presented issue, the author used daily newspapers, mainly from the area of Western Pomerania such as “Głos Szczeciński” (“Voice of Szczecin”), “Kurier Szczeciński” (“Courier of Szczecin”), nationwide newspapers such as “Metro” and weekly TV magazine “Tele Tydzień” (“TV Week”), from year 2010 to year 2012.
Wartości konotacyjne wybranych toponimów (na materiale publicystyki prasowej)

Wartości konotacyjne wybranych toponimów (na materiale publicystyki prasowej)
(Connotative values of selected toponyms (based on press journalism))

  • Author(s):Elżbieta Bogdanowicz
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:307-317
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:connotative value;proper name (toponym);deonymisation;fixed connotation;occasional connotation
  • Summary/Abstract:Proper names signify single words of all kinds: people, places, mountains, rivers, institutions, etc. However, they do not reflect meanings. As a result of deonymisation, i.e. loosening of denotative associations between the word and the object denoted by it, proper names become meaningful units. Their connotative value, or a number of concepts and ideas, about the denotat which the onym refers to, is an important source of semantic content. Semantics viewed in this way puts a new perspective on research in proper names. The article shows the results of a research on the broadly defined toponyms, such as Waterloo, Eldorado, Mount Olympus, the Himalayas, Auschwitz, Brooklyn, Belarus appearing in the press in 2005–2012 in a variety of contexts, where the literary meaning in a toponymic form changes. Consequently, accumulation of additional semantic content in fixed or occasional connotative forms occurs.
Nazwy miejsc w wybranych utworach literatury niemimetycznej

Nazwy miejsc w wybranych utworach literatury niemimetycznej
(Place names in selected non-mimetic literary texts)

  • Author(s):Izabela Domaciuk-Czarny
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:321-331
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:literary onomastics;functions of onyms;non-mimetic literature
  • Summary/Abstract:The article examines geographical names in selected Polish fantasy novels. The analysis of such names should take into consideration the markers of fantasy convention. The onomastics of some novels, for instance A. Sapkowski’s texts, proves that this literature is non-mimetic. Still, a considerable number of Polish fantasy texts contain proper names whose origin is untypical of fantasy convention. They are connected with realistic onomastics style and serve pragmatic functions in the presented world that consists of magical and realistic planes (for example stories by A. Ziemiański, A. Pilipiuk, D Wieczorek). Geographical names can also perform grotesque, expressive and intertextual functions in humorous fantasy (for instance in J. Piekara and M. Wolski).
Vyvažovací světadíl, Dehydrované moře a Nakřupnuté hory – vítejte na Zeměploše T. Pratchetta

Vyvažovací světadíl, Dehydrované moře a Nakřupnuté hory – vítejte na Zeměploše T. Pratchetta
(Counterweight Continent, Dehydrated Ocean and Carrack Mountain – Welcome to T. Pratchett’s Discworld)

  • Author(s):Žaneta Dvořáková
  • Language:Czech
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:333-343
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:literary onomastics;toponyms;functions of proper names
  • Summary/Abstract:Terry Pratchett has created a fictional world, an integral part of which is a detailed and sophisticated system of place names. In his novels there are realistic names giving us an illusion of the real world and often serving as a characterization as well. Association is typical for a further kind of literary toponyms, the names refer to actual places on Earth, they activate our general cultural knowledge encyclopedia and play with the reader and his/her interpretive abilities. The last group of toponyms is purely artistic, they were created as a language game, probably the most important criterion was their aesthetic appeal. The names often deliberately destroy the illusion of reality and probability (we can talk about the anti-illusionist function), they demonstrate their artificiality, that they are a part of the author’s game. Whatever the motivation, meaning or possible allusion, all toponyms in the fictional world of the novels operate in the same way. They locate the story and help in spacial orientation within the Discworld, the names are an integral part of how the characters perceive and experience their space.
Wokół wybranych propozycji nazewniczych Dembołęckiego w świetle idei Wywodu jedynowłasnego państwa świata

Wokół wybranych propozycji nazewniczych Dembołęckiego w świetle idei Wywodu jedynowłasnego państwa świata
(Around Chosen Dembołęcki’s Naming Proposals in the Light of the Treatise [on the Only True Country of the World’s] Ideas)

  • Author(s):Radosław Sztyber
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:345-358
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Wojciech Dembołęcki;Baroque literature;etymology;national megalomania
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper is an attempt of presenting some linguistic games introduced by Dembołęcki in his most known book from 1633. It has been widely criticized for centuries but as it seems – wrongly or perhaps even rightly, nevertheless because of improper reasons. There are a lot of various indications suggesting that Dembołęcki was a hypocrite who praised Polish nation in showy manner and only outwardly for – in fact – he denounced obvious defects of the noblemen society.
Nazwy miejscowe Ponidzia w utworach Adolfa Dygasińskiego

Nazwy miejscowe Ponidzia w utworach Adolfa Dygasińskiego
(Local names of Ponidzie in the works by Adolf Dygasiński)

  • Author(s):Eliza Koszyka
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:359-370
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Adolf Dygasiński;Ponidzie;literary onomastics;macrotoponyms
  • Summary/Abstract:The article is meant to describe the chosen names of towns and villages located in Ponidzie, which are the scenes of action of some of the short stories written by Adlof Dygasinski. The article is also meant to check the authenticity of those localisations, describe their origins in the context of the previous research and dispaly their functions in the excerpts from some of his works. The localisations taken into consideration are: Bełk, Jurków, Kęsów, Młódzowy, Pińczów, Skalbmierz, Skowronno. Five of the described seven localisations are the possessive names, they come from the individual names given by local people. They were created by adding the following suffixes: –ów (Jurków, Kęsów, Pińczów), -ow- or –jь (Skalbmierz). The name of Bełk is a topografic name reflecting the wet, swampy lands. If we take the name of skowroda, which means the frying pan, into consideration, therefore the name of Skowronno is a topografic name because the village is located on a vast flat area. All the macrotoponyms used by Dygasiński and decribed in the article are authentic and they refer to the same places existing in the real world. In all works they have the function of geografical localisation (in Ponidzie) or emotive function (in this way the author shows his strong emotional attachement to the place where he spent his childchood).
„W Koluszkach, w Mińsku, w Chile” – przestrzeń poetycka wierszy i piosenek Agnieszki Osieckiej toponimami pisana

„W Koluszkach, w Mińsku, w Chile” – przestrzeń poetycka wierszy i piosenek Agnieszki Osieckiej toponimami pisana
(„W Koluszkach, w Mińsku, w Chile” – poetic space Osiecka’s poems and songs written by toponyms)

  • Author(s):Monika Kresa
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:371-381
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:literary onomastics;Agnieszka Osiecka;functions of onims;onims
  • Summary/Abstract:Article is devoted to features that toponyms play in the Osiecka’s poetry. The analysis has been subjected to 240 different onyms calling cities, countries, continents, rivers, streets, squares, etc. For the purpose of analysis of the existing classifications modified function of onyms in poetry. Distinguished: locating, identification, allusive, metaphorical, compositional. Almost all of the names of places serve as locating – locate track action, but often this function is secondary and resolves such compositional function – when the proper name appears on the end of the line in order to rhyme – or metaphorical – when the name becomes a symbol. The analysis showed that the poetic space Osiecka is Polish space, largely Warsaw – because it toponyms naming the village in Poland, and streets in Warsaw dominate in her poetry.
Miejsca (nie)PODobne – toponimia w historiach alternatywnych

Miejsca (nie)PODobne – toponimia w historiach alternatywnych
(AntiPODian places − toponomastics in alternative history)

  • Author(s):Natalia Lemann
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:383-397
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:toponomastic;literature;alternative history
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of the alternative histories, speculative, literary genre, is to show and describe the different scenarios of historical events. Those events, although possible, does not became truth. This genre persuades the reader for intertextual lecture in relation to history known from the actual world. Changing the toponomastics in created, secondary universe is one of the most interesting methods of alternate the history. Writers builds the alternate toponomastics, e.g. ethnonims, ojkonims, chrematonims, eponims for the purpose of authenticate the changing history scenario. It seems interesting to analyze toponomastics in following scopes: using of historical knowledge for decoding the semantic potential of such historical and toponymy mdifications; alternate the historical discourse via toponymy; cultural background of changed toponomastics; reception issues (sender and recipient competences). The tension between recognisability and strangeness of toponymy is marked by the title, author`s pun ‘AntiPODian places’, utilizing the primal for the alternative history genre hallmark, point of divergence. This term means the crucial moment when the historical events separated from the path known from the actual world. The raised problems are examine with the scientific procedure of epistemology of history, cultural anthropology, literary anthropology and cultural studies. The material under investigation derived from following novels: Vaterland by Robert Harris, Wenn das der Führer wüsste by Otto Basil, The Alteration by Kingsley Amis, Quietus. Powieść z dziejów rzymskich i wenedyjskich by Jacek Inglot and Inne Pieśni and Lód by Jacek Dukaj.
La toponimia nella narrativa contemporanea polacca tradotta verso l’italiano

La toponimia nella narrativa contemporanea polacca tradotta verso l’italiano
(Toponymy in contemporary Polish novels translated into Italian)

  • Author(s):Joanna Ozimska
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:399-411
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:toponyms;Polish narrative;literary translation;hodonymy
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper analyzes different translation choices that translators from Polish into Italian make with regard to place names of eleven novels published recently in Italy (literary works of Stasiuk, Tokarczuk, Pilch, Dehnel, Huelle, Tryzna, Grochola, Musierowcz and Kuczok have been considered within this essay). The first two paragraphs provide general information about methodology of research. Then follows the analysis of different classes of geographical names (street names, hydronyms, mountain names, microtoponyms, macrotoponyms). In the last part of the article three categories of translation errors will be discussed.
La toponymie du monde des sorciers en anglais, français, italien et polonais ou quelques aspects des traductions d’Harry Potter

La toponymie du monde des sorciers en anglais, français, italien et polonais ou quelques aspects des traductions d’Harry Potter
(English, French, Italian, and Polish toponyms in the wizarding world or some aspects of the translations of Harry Potter)

  • Author(s):Joanna Ciesielka, Dagmara Milińska-Tran
  • Language:French
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:413-421
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:toponym;toponymy;translation;Harry Potter
  • Summary/Abstract:The toponyms used by J.K. Rowling in the series about Harry Potter fulfill a plethora of functions, namely, they permit readers to familiarize themselves with the setting of the wizarding realm, to understand the characters or to form opinions about the places where the action is set. Therefore, it seems imperative that the translations of the series into foreign languages should include the toponyms as well. Unfortunately, only a few of the numerous toponyms were translated in the Polish version, the remainder were left unchanged from the original English version. A similar decision was made by the Italian and French translators. The present authors search for the reasons why the translations of toponyms are incomplete, they present examples of successful as well as failed translations and make an attempt to create Polish toponyms for the untranslated English ones. With a view to achieving that the authors analyze seven volumes of the series in four languages, namely: English, Polish, French, and Italian. They create a database of the English toponyms and their existing translations in three languages and complete it with their own translations of the untranslated toponyms into Polish. The article presents a selected sample of their work.
Nestor slovenskej onomastiky a jazykovedy prof. PhDr. Vincent Blanár, DrSc. (1.12.1920–27.09.2012)

Nestor slovenskej onomastiky a jazykovedy prof. PhDr. Vincent Blanár, DrSc. (1.12.1920–27.09.2012)
(Prof. PhDr. Vincent Blanár, DrSc. (*1 December 1920 – †27 September 2012), the doyen of Slovak onomastics and linguistics)

  • Author(s):Jaromír Krško
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics
  • Page Range:423-425
  • No. of Pages:3
  • Summary/Abstract:In the obituary we point out the importance of Professor Vincent Blanár in linguistics – historical lexicology and lexical semantics but mainly in onomastics. We emphasize the significance of his works in the field of theoretical onomastics and anthroponomastics. His monographs and studies dedicated to unofficial personal name represent a work of European importanc
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