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Proceedings of the 23rd International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities Cover Image

Proceedings of the 23rd International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Proceedings of the 23rd International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities

Contributor(s): Nicoleta-Elena Heghes (Editor)
Subject(s): Business Economy / Management, Criminal Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, School education, Health and medicine and law, Economic development, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Keywords: perception; sensory reception; public administration; social system; public education service;
Summary/Abstract: This publication presents the proceedings of the 23rd International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities held online on August 15-16, 2021. The Conference was organized by Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies.

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-1-945298-38-7
  • Page Count: 225
  • Publication Year: 2021
  • Language: English
Supply Chain Risks, Cybersecurity and C-TPAT, a Literature Review

Supply Chain Risks, Cybersecurity and C-TPAT, a Literature Review
(Supply Chain Risks, Cybersecurity and C-TPAT, a Literature Review)

  • Author(s):Stephen Sullivan, Diana Garza
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Security and defense, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:1-9
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:cyber-security; C-TPAT; supply chain; risk;
  • Summary/Abstract:The past year has seen critical fluctuations in business operations throughout the US and the world. Due to COVID-19, employees have been encouraged or forced to work from home instead of commuting to a regular work location. Remote work has disrupted and weakened security processes. Cyber criminals have seen an opportunity in this weakened infrastructure. Cybersecurity attacks have disrupted supply chains for businesses, schools, healthcare organizations and other entities. Organizations will need to reassess security strategies with the assumption that work-from-home will become permanent. The US Department of Homeland Security has stepped up its efforts to meet this risk head-on and has incorporated supply chain cybersecurity measures within the constructs of the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) program. This all-volunteer program was launched immediately after 9/11 to thwart potential supply chain risks that could open the door to major terrorist attacks on the US homeland. This research will explore the reasons why cybersecurity has become the nation’s number one commercial concern for supply chains and logistics management and how C-TPAT is enabling the proper change to the current business climate as a risk mitigating option.
Positioning Prospective Teachers’ Awareness of Diversity: A Critical Literacy Context

Positioning Prospective Teachers’ Awareness of Diversity: A Critical Literacy Context
(Positioning Prospective Teachers’ Awareness of Diversity: A Critical Literacy Context)

  • Author(s):Lorenzo Cherubini
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):School education, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
  • Page Range:9-12
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:critical literacy; prospective teacher development
  • Summary/Abstract:This presentation discusses the third and final component of a multi-dimensional study using a distinct learner-centred Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model that invites prospective teachers to collaborate in small groups on inquiry-driven projects that deepen their appreciation of critical literacy. The literature attests to the success of PBL environments where student participation in peer-to-peer discussions furthers more sophisticated capacities to actively process new information. The PBL model is a core component of a mandatory third-year undergraduate concurrent Education course of study for all students enrolled in the Intermediate/Senior program (qualifications to teach grades 7 to 12). Each peer-group, consisting of four to five students, scripts and records a video presentation that accounts for the implications of a case-based dilemma. The PBL model is meant to promote prospective teachers’ proficiency to meaningfully translate their understanding of the inquiry-problem as it applies to a broad range of topics and competencies. Consistent with the first two components of the larger study, the PBL instructional approach aims to scaffold prospective teachers’ awareness of certain concepts in the broader context of critical literacy. Consequently, the critical literacy framework represents the theoretical basis that positions prospective teachers to be increasingly aware of the implications of ethnic, religious, and socio-economic diversity on case-based teachers and students.
Climate Growth Theory

Climate Growth Theory
(Climate Growth Theory)

  • Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Economic development, Environmental interactions
  • Page Range:13-25
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Climate Change; Economics of the Environment; Endogenous Growth Theory;
  • Summary/Abstract:The climate change crisis has gained unprecedented urgency in the most recent decade. Overall, climate change has already led to and will continuously lead to environmental tipping points and irreversible lock-ins that will decrease the overall productivity and common welfare. When taking a closer look at the macroeconomic growth prospects as measured in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per country, a changing climate will affect countries differently, when considering different mean temperatures but also differences in the GDP sector composition per country and a differing peak temperature at which a GDP sector can be most productive. In the first economic ‘classic’ theories of Adam Smith, Thomas Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, Karl Marx and Joseph Schumpeter land productivity was considered as an underlying growth driver. In the evolution of Modern Growth Theory (MGT), these theories and insights got abandoned. With climate change pressuring economic productivity and the rising impact of global warming expected to determine economic output more and more so in the future, this paper calls for a reintegration of climate and temperature into standard growth theory. In light of the enormous effect of temperature and climate on economic productivity that is likely to rise in the years to come but also with reference to the highly unequally distributed economic winning and losing prospects in-between countries and over time, this article argues for an integration of temperature and climate in contemporary Growth Theory, called Climate Growth Theory. Micro- and macroeconomic attempts to integrate productivity differences between countries based on energy supply, climate and overall favorable working conditions will be presented alongside most recent models to integrate temperature and climate into macroeconomic growth models and sustainable consumption patterns.
Trust and Public Support for the Colombian Peace Agreement

Trust and Public Support for the Colombian Peace Agreement
(Trust and Public Support for the Colombian Peace Agreement)

  • Author(s):Esmeralda Lopez
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:26-35
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Colombia; armed conflict; peace agreement; public opinion; trust
  • Summary/Abstract:The 2016 Colombian peace agreement failed by a narrow margin when put to a public vote, but a month later, the legislature bypassed the need for public support officially ending the 52-year armed conflict between the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia [FARC]. Today, few promises of the agreement have come to fruition, leaving Colombia’s rural population in need and causing some ex-combatants to return to the FARC. While some attributed failure of the peace agreement to low voter turnout, a better understanding of the public’s lack of support for the peace agreement is needed. This study uses logistic regression to analyze 2016 survey data from the Latin American Public Opinion Project to examine how institutional trust correlates with predicting support for the Colombian peace agreement. Variables such as public opinion regarding trust in government institutions (the legislature, executive, judiciary, and elections) and trust in the FARC, including a belief that the FARC will demobilize, are included within the study. The model supports the hypothesis that greater trust in institutions increases the probability that the respondent will support the peace agreement. Five of the six variables are statistically significant, and the trust in the national legislature variable is approaching significance. Future studies related to this topic should include greater analysis of Colombia’s rural population who was most affected by forced displacement and other forms of violence during the conflict.
Some Tactical Aspects of Computer Search

Some Tactical Aspects of Computer Search
(Some Tactical Aspects of Computer Search)

  • Author(s):Nicoleta-Elena Heghes, Nelu Niță
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminal Law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:36-42
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:computer systems; cybercrime; computer search warrant; computer search;
  • Summary/Abstract:Due to the process of globalization in general, and computer networks in particular, as a result of the continuous development of information and communication technology, in addition to the undeniable progress of society, new forms of crime specific to cybercrime have emerged and are spreading. It is also one of the greatest threats to humanity of all time. Computer search is an activity different from any other evidentiary procedure, requiring specific rules to take into account its nature. The computer search can be ordered during the criminal investigation by conclusion by the judge of rights and freedoms, and during the trial by the Court.
The Psychological Process of Forming Witness Statements

The Psychological Process of Forming Witness Statements
(The Psychological Process of Forming Witness Statements)

  • Author(s):Valentina Avramescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminology
  • Page Range:43-47
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:perception; sensory reception; emotional state; memory storage; memory reactivation;
  • Summary/Abstract:In this paper, we have analyzed aspects of the psychological mechanisms underlying the formation of the authenticity of the testimony. The elements that define the sensory reception are identified, the sensation and the perception shaping the psychic process of knowledge. Also, the factors likely to distort the sensory reception of the witnesses are presented and aspects of a subjective nature that influence the perceptual process are highlighted.
Strange Harmony: Human Nature and Tyranny in the Eyes of Czesław Miłosz

Strange Harmony: Human Nature and Tyranny in the Eyes of Czesław Miłosz
(Strange Harmony: Human Nature and Tyranny in the Eyes of Czesław Miłosz)

  • Author(s):Milen Jissov
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Other Language Literature
  • Page Range:48-53
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Czesław Miłosz; Tyranny; Totalitarianism; Subjectivity; Eastern Europe;
  • Summary/Abstract:If every age has its signature works, The Captive Mind by Czesław Miłosz is such a work for the Cold War. Published in 1953 and valorized in the West as an incisive critique of the Soviet Bloc, it analyzes the inner world of Eastern Europeans caught in the grip of Stalinist tyranny. This subjectivity is what Miłosz calls “the captive mind.” But with the Cold War long over, it is time to rethink and reassess his classic. This is the purpose of this paper. Casting a critical look at it, the paper argues that The Captive Mind is afflicted and debilitated by an implicit, but all too serious, aporia. As a part of his analysis of Eastern Europe’s incarcerated mind, Miłosz articulates a conception of human nature. In a profound irony, however, that conception aligns with—harmonizes with—his portrayal of the evil Stalinist tyranny enthralling Eastern Europe. Unwittingly, Miłosz in effect naturalizes that tyranny. He suggests that, rather than being evil, it is all too human—corresponding to elemental propensities of human nature. This paper problematizes this dramatic contradiction. Ultimately, it reflects on the implications of this momentous paradox for understanding the character and history of political oppression.
Incrimination and Forensic Investigation of the Crimes Committed Against Safety and Health at Work in Romanian Legislation

Incrimination and Forensic Investigation of the Crimes Committed Against Safety and Health at Work in Romanian Legislation
(Incrimination and Forensic Investigation of the Crimes Committed Against Safety and Health at Work in Romanian Legislation)

  • Author(s):Adrian Cristian Moise
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
  • Page Range:54-66
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:crimes committed against safety and health at work; incrimination
  • Summary/Abstract:The study makes a detailed analysis of the main aspects related to the incrimination and the forensic investigation of the crimes committed against safety and health at work in Romanian legislation. Thus, the study first analyzes the offences against safety and health at work contained in the Romanian Criminal Code: the offence of not taking the legal measures of safety and health at work provided by Article 349 of the Romanian Criminal Code and the offence of non-compliance with the legal measures of safety and health at work, stipulated by Article 350 of the Romanian Criminal Code. The study also presents and analyzes the provisions of Article 264 and of Article 265 of the Romanian Labour Code, which refer to crimes in the field of labour relations, safety and health at work. Moreover, the article analyzes and presents some aspects related to Law no. 319/2006 on safety and health at work. This study presents and analyzes several aspects related to the investigation of crimes against safety and health at work, such as: the main issues that need to be clarified by investigating an accident at work and the disposition and conduct of some criminal prosecution acts.
Anger as a Crime Generating Factor

Anger as a Crime Generating Factor
(Anger as a Crime Generating Factor)

  • Author(s):Cristian Dan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
  • Page Range:67-70
  • No. of Pages:3
  • Keywords:anger; morality, genetics; criminal law
  • Summary/Abstract:In the early stages of the evolution of the human species, feelings and sensations played a particularly important role in adapting and sustaining existential activities and how to integrate man in relation to the surrounding nature. Of all the feelings, the predominant psychological characteristic was the feeling of anger, coming from the need to preserve, to defend life and things acquired, in front of the attackers who could be both fierce animals and other fellows of the same species. For millions of years, these mechanisms have contributed to the intrinsic and external development of society, being present in human interactions within tribes, cities, villages and cities. Being a sentimental trait developed over such a long period of time, the feeling of anger, inscribed in human DNA, is nowadays a dangerous factor, generating antisocial behaviors and actions that are subject to Criminal Law, which we often learn to control it. The article aims to analyze this mechanism, from a historical, psychological and cultural point of view in relation to Criminal Law and the facts determined by this feeling, highlighting, on the one hand, the crimes that can be committed under its rule, and on the other part, the methods of preventing and combating them identified in today’s society.
A Multi-Planet Species: Ethical and Environmental Impacts of Privatized Space Travel

A Multi-Planet Species: Ethical and Environmental Impacts of Privatized Space Travel
(A Multi-Planet Species: Ethical and Environmental Impacts of Privatized Space Travel)

  • Author(s):Natalie Pierson
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Environmental Geography, Globalization
  • Page Range:71-76
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Mars; space; colonization; primitive accumulation
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper examines private exploration and colonization of space, inspired by the growing interest and advancements in developing space by private industries, notably SpaceX. Marx’s theory of primitive accumulation and David Harvey’s theory of “spatial fix” provide a framework from which to understand why billionaires are attracted to the business of space. Matters of legality are considered in the regulation of space including treaties, their applications, and the unforeseen gaps in the law left by unanticipated private sector growth. Economic feasibility is discussed through cost and revenue estimates of possible marketable products. Environmental impacts, both on Mars and Earth, are reviewed regarding physical landscape and biological contamination. Finally, it explores the ethics of a developing colony in a stressful environment and seeks to unpack the term colonization in a celestial setting. This paper concludes that bringing capitalist ideals and methods into space is not a solution for problems created by capitalism on Earth. Given the concerns identified, it may well exacerbate them.
Robots – A Strategic Solution from Recovery to Resilience

Robots – A Strategic Solution from Recovery to Resilience
(Robots – A Strategic Solution from Recovery to Resilience)

  • Author(s):Florian Râpan, Ivona RĂPAN
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Environmental and Energy policy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:77-82
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:robots; recovery; resilience; digitalisation
  • Summary/Abstract:Robots together with the other components of Industry 4.0 represent an important part of the recovery and resilience strategy of the Member States. In short periods of time, the labor market is affected by the dislocations caused by robotics and automation, but in the long term, employees will be reoriented through retraining and thus more jobs will be generated that will ensure a lower unemployment rate. The paper analyzes possible strategies to help the Member States pass from recovery to resilience, which means getting to a higher level than before the shock or crisis. Strategic directions are designed based on composite Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) subindicators and integrative concepts also are being approached. An example of integrative concept is autopoiesis, that metaphorical could be a solution from recovery to resilience applied on different countries refering to institutions, government by using the same strategy to selfrecover and grow from inside as an autonomous system. Other strategies are offered, the analysis of critical points seen as decisional aspects, the identification of the center of gravity and the existence of an operational plan within the strategic one. The strategic solutions that will lead to recovery and resilience, first of all, must have a vision.
Possible Mistakes in Forensic Photography

Possible Mistakes in Forensic Photography
(Possible Mistakes in Forensic Photography)

  • Author(s):Gabriel – Irimia Anghel
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminology
  • Page Range:83-86
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:mistakes; forensic; photography; crime
  • Summary/Abstract:As Confucius said, a picture is worth a thousand words. Moreover, when we talk about forensic photography, we must choose our “words” carefully, as they must lead to the satisfaction of the purpose of the criminal trial, namely the finding of the truth or, more precisely, the timely and complete ascertainment of the facts which constitute crimes, so that no innocent person is held criminally liable, and any person who has committed a crime is punished according to law. Forensic photography, unlike the other branches of photography, has the ability to become a decision-maker in sentencing or acquitting a defendant, just as it can make the difference between life and death in states where the capital sentence still applies. For these reasons, I have proposed that, in this paper, I expose mistakes that may occur in the execution of forensic photographs, the causes of these mistakes and the solutions for their prevention and removal.
Current Values of Education and Culture

Current Values of Education and Culture
(Current Values of Education and Culture)

  • Author(s):Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, School education
  • Page Range:87-92
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:school; education; culture; skills; book; technology
  • Summary/Abstract:The natural purpose of an educational institution is to awaken, to wise, cultivating the intellectual skills in the heart of the learner/student, along with his need to learn all his life. School is also important for us as people because it helps the progress of society, increases trust in people and teaches us to make and maintain friendships, and helps us learn how to work together as a team, which is the main foundation of any successful society. Without school, knowledge could not spread as quickly, and our access to new ideas and people could be hampered. A schoolless world would create difficulties and would prevent the dispersion of economic growth, tolerance and appreciation of our fellow human beings. The purpose of the school is to turn mirrors into windows. Nothing can develop our intellect more than a book, yet in the 21st century, it is read less and less because technology has dethroned the book.
January 6th and President Trump: A Study of Social Media in Today’s America

January 6th and President Trump: A Study of Social Media in Today’s America
(January 6th and President Trump: A Study of Social Media in Today’s America)

  • Author(s):Alex Sung, David Douglas Klein
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Media studies
  • Page Range:93-98
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:censorship; social media; January 6 riot; free speech rights
  • Summary/Abstract:In the wake of the January 6th mob insurrection at the US Capitol, does the Federal government need to implement protocols that flag insurrection and domestic terrorism on social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter? The US Supreme Court protects Free Speech on privately owned media, but the most popular Internet sites have evolved by 2021 to become wide-spread spaces for public and private communication. Currently, these global platforms are permitted to selectively censor and regulate speech at their discretion without infringing upon First Amendment rights. The ubiquity of social media means that the publicly-available speech (e.g. posts) of Twitter and Facebook’s billions of users is controlled by what’s recently called by Congressional critics and commentators as “Big Tech”. The most recent President of the United States Donald Trump was permanently banned from the largest social media platforms. On July 7, 2021 he filed class-action lawsuits targeting Facebook, Google (owner of YouTube) and Twitter. Many Americans with conservative views feel social media silence their voices, while those with liberal views argue that social media platforms do not eliminate hate speech. This paper will delve into whether increased government oversight and applying the rights of the First Amendment to individuals online can maintain peaceful public discourse, avoiding any future violence. The paper will also provide an overview of the essential legal hurdles the Trump lawsuit faces but will not analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the Trump case.
The Legal Benefits Provided by the Romanian Criminal Legislation in Favor of the Collaborators

The Legal Benefits Provided by the Romanian Criminal Legislation in Favor of the Collaborators
(The Legal Benefits Provided by the Romanian Criminal Legislation in Favor of the Collaborators)

  • Author(s):Nadia Zlate
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Constitutional Law, Criminal Law
  • Page Range:99-107
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:special investigation methods, legal benefits
  • Summary/Abstract:In the Romanian criminal process, a collaborator can be any person who does not act as an operative agent within the judicial police and who helps the criminal investigation authorities to obtain data and information in criminal cases for the identification and criminal prosecution of perpetrators, as well as for taking all legal procedural measures in the criminal case (for example, for identifying goods subject to special confiscation). Thus, the collaborators may have the quality of parties or main procedural subjects (defendant, civil party, civilly responsible party, injured person, and suspect) or of other procedural subjects according to the provisions of art. 34 of the Romanian Code of Criminal Procedure, such as the witness. The use of the collaborators, in addition to other special methods of surveillance and investigation provided by the Code of Criminal Procedure, is often essential in the investigation of drug trafficking offenses or other illicit activities carried out by organized criminal groups, given the secrecy of their activity and the difficulty of infiltrating foreigners into the criminal environment. The legal benefits that can be given to collaborators to persuade them to cooperate with criminal investigation authorities in order to gather the data and information necessary to find out the truth in criminal cases and prevent the commission of crimes are the application of a case of impunity or reduction of punishment and financial rewards. However, special attention must be paid to employees' motivations to assess their credibility, both by the criminal investigation authorities and by the court.
Organizational Triggers in Managing Employee Performance Quality in Georgian Organizations

Organizational Triggers in Managing Employee Performance Quality in Georgian Organizations
(Organizational Triggers in Managing Employee Performance Quality in Georgian Organizations)

  • Author(s):Tamar Kvirikashvili
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Management and complex organizations, Economic development
  • Page Range:108-114
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:organizational triggers; performance quality; service employees
  • Summary/Abstract:Our environment has feedback as a trigger. After all, our environment constantly gives us new information important to our lives and changes our behavior. Triggers are often some sort of internal or external stimulus that causes the former addict and are reminders that put people in emotional and mental place of pain, anger, distress, frustration and other strong emotions. Therefore, it is important for managers in organizations not only to help workers control emotional situations but be able to control their own feelings, which can help contribute to a healthy environment, allow workers to perform according to their potential and maintain workers’ morale. The paper is about qualitative research in two Georgian organizations. It was interesting which organizational triggers were used in these companies and how these triggers were used by managers for improving the performance quality of service employees, therefore interviews were conducted with the people who were involved in managing people.
What is the Pulse of Businesses in a Digitalised Era?

What is the Pulse of Businesses in a Digitalised Era?
(What is the Pulse of Businesses in a Digitalised Era?)

  • Author(s):Ionuț-Alexandru Horhogea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Methodology and research technology, Management and complex organizations, Economic development
  • Page Range:115-118
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:digital business; physical store; evolution; management; marketing; logistics;
  • Summary/Abstract:Previously, the laborers believing in an automatized business could have been considered dreamy, looking to skip daily tasks. Nowadays, the spectrum upon automatization and platforms facilitating e-commerce has changed and highlights the jump from a brick and mortar store to a virtual one. More and more established brands are replacing classic locations with logistic warehouses to deliver products more efficiently. Well-known companies, e.g., Zara, Amazon, eBay that have been recently founded, embraced this change and took the best out of it. However, our attention will fall on smaller businesses and the difficulties they face during such a transition and analyses from various standpoints the goods and the bads of each. Should the jump from a physical to an online facility be considered or left untouched? What is the best model to be followed in order to level a business? Let us find in the following.
Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG) Diplomacy

Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG) Diplomacy
(Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG) Diplomacy)

  • Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Economic development, Environmental interactions
  • Page Range:119-124
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Change management; Corporate Social Justice; Coronavirus; Corporate sector;
  • Summary/Abstract:The external shock of the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has profound impacts around the world for this generation and the following. Although accounting for the most drastic societal shift in modern history, the Coronavirus pandemic also holds the potential of a Great Reset. This paper addresses three trends that have become prevalent in the wake of the Coronavirus pandemic: (1) A rising inequality experienced has led to demands for Corporate Social Justice, namely the corporate engagement in social justice initiatives and action. (2) The finance world has had opportunities to diversify and exchange COVID-struck industries for COVID-profiting market segments and therefore a rising financial market performance versus real economy budget constraint gap has arisen. (3) Governments around the world are pegging economic COVID-19 rescue and recovery aid to pursue noble goals – such as climate change abatement and a transitioning to renewable energy in the United States Green New Deal and the European Green Deal and the European Sustainable Finance Taxonomy. These trends point at the integration of environmental, social and corporate governance in the corporate sector. The aftermath of the crisis is now a time for a great system reset to integrate environmental, social and corporate governance in the corporate and finance sectors. Future economic policy research may be inspired by legal expertise on disparate impact. With respect for current trends of citizen scientists and science diplomacy, public policy work may embrace environmental, social and corporate governance whole-roundedly. While natural behavioral laws were guiding anchors to address inequality during a turbulent time of the pandemic, more rational behavioral insights could nudge people into more equitable growth strategies in a recovering world.
Copyright System

Copyright System
(Copyright System)

  • Author(s):Dorel Mihai Vlad
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Globalization
  • Page Range:125-129
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:copyright; system; innovation; technological transfer; competitiveness;
  • Summary/Abstract:The protection of copyright and related rights is done through a series of administrative, civil, and criminal law means. The appearance of a law, in accordance with the relevant international legislation, allowed entry into legality in this field as well, due to the changes in technology that required this. Also, the regulation of related rights was another step in creating the legislative framework necessary to defend these rights.
Payroll Protection Plan Epilogue

Payroll Protection Plan Epilogue
(Payroll Protection Plan Epilogue)

  • Author(s):David Douglas Klein
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Economic development, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:130-136
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Paycheck Protection Program; effectiveness; fraud;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), part of the CARES Act passed by the United States Congress in 2020, was instituted as a response to social distancing restrictions during the COVID pandemic that shut down large parts of the American economy. The purpose of PPP was to provide small businesses (and corporations with 500 employees and less) with easy-access loans to help make essential operating payments such as rent, utilities and payroll. If PPP funds were properly used as promised, then the amount borrowed would be forgiven - meaning the loan would be converted to a grant and the borrowed funds would never have to be repaid. The PPP was rolled out in two phases: April 2020 and January 2021. This paper will address if the program worked as envisioned - what was the PPP’s ultimate effectiveness? Did it really save jobs and businesses from failing? This paper will also research the percentage of fraudulent or criminal PPP loans - was there widespread fraud, abuse and misuse of the easy-access funds?
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) – Regulation Vacuum and Challenges for Romania

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) – Regulation Vacuum and Challenges for Romania
(Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) – Regulation Vacuum and Challenges for Romania)

  • Author(s):Bogdan Radu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Civil Law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:137-143
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Non-fungible tokens; NFT; cryptocurrency; DLT; blockchain;
  • Summary/Abstract:This article aims at presenting the strengths and weaknesses of the Romanian legislation towards non-fungible tokens (NFTs). We start by recognizing that there is no active legislation that deals with cryptocurrency, NFTs or any other digital asset using a digital ledger of transactions (DLT). The starting point is the analysis of the legal characteristics of an NFT through the classical qualification and distinction made for goods by the Romanian Civil code. Further, we raise some issues regarding establishing a clear tax regime and the correlation between NFTs and intellectual property rights, and finally conclude that when it comes to qualifying crypto-assets, we need to adopt a ‘substance over form' approach, in order to avoid regulatory unpredictability.
The Role of the Social Assistant Worker in Romania and the Involvement of the Church

The Role of the Social Assistant Worker in Romania and the Involvement of the Church
(The Role of the Social Assistant Worker in Romania and the Involvement of the Church)

  • Author(s):Georgeta Stoica-Marcu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Politics and religion, Family and social welfare
  • Page Range:144-148
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Romania; social assistance; social assistant worker
  • Summary/Abstract:In Romania, social assistance is the totality of measures taken by the state, the Church and other non-governmental organizations to support people in special situations of difficulty due to poor mental or physical conditions such as chronic diseases, accidents, natural disasters, age and others, in order to overcome the state of difficulty. Social assistance in the form of social policies and the implementation of these actions in the territory is done by applying legislative regulations, which focus on people in difficulty. The social assistant worker must know the main forms of the social assistance system, is the most important normative acts of the moment and the institutions that deal with their provision. According to Father Stăniloae “deeds are the manifestations of the loving relationship between person and person” (Stăniloaie 2003, 244). The importance of good works is based on the conception of God and man as personal realities.
The Dark Side of the Preternatural World. A Suggestion to the Theological Approach of the Religious Experience

The Dark Side of the Preternatural World. A Suggestion to the Theological Approach of the Religious Experience
(The Dark Side of the Preternatural World. A Suggestion to the Theological Approach of the Religious Experience)

  • Author(s):Foszto M. Arpad
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Religion and science
  • Page Range:149-154
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:preternatural; demons; taxonomy; religious experience
  • Summary/Abstract:There is today an optimistic approach, on a widespread scale, to every issue of life, which in appearance seems good and commendable. This is a result of a general secular mindset that reinterprets love and empathy unsuccessfully, and that is the case even when dealing with the religious experience. But the Apostle Paul challenged the first century’s Greek and Roman polytheism in a way that should challenge our twenty-first century’s approach to religious experience. For him, the demons were real, and they were powerful and fearful. Augustine of Hippo, in De civitate Dei contra paganos, was thinking alike, and this was the general view during the most part of history. This paper aimed to reclaim into the taxonomy of the religious experience the place rightly owned by the actors of the dark side.
The Adventist Children and Young People’s Perception of the Sabbath Day in Communist Romania

The Adventist Children and Young People’s Perception of the Sabbath Day in Communist Romania
(The Adventist Children and Young People’s Perception of the Sabbath Day in Communist Romania)

  • Author(s):Ciprian Corneliu Ciurea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:155-166
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:church; Adventists; pupils; students; communism
  • Summary/Abstract:During the communist period, Romanian authorities faced a problem specific to the Adventist Church - the Adventist children did not attend school on Saturdays. Although they used the most varied methods of persuasion and coercion of children and parents to solve this problem, the authorities have not managed to fully defeat their resistance. This was the "big Adventist problem" that caused serious problems both to the Department of Cults and to the Securitate bodies, the Ministry of Education, the County School Inspectorates, the organizations of pioneers and youth, and the schools.
The Role of Public Administration in the Realization of the Public Education Service

The Role of Public Administration in the Realization of the Public Education Service
(The Role of Public Administration in the Realization of the Public Education Service)

  • Author(s):Elena Roxana Vişan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Administrative Law
  • Page Range:167-171
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:public administration; social system; public education service;
  • Summary/Abstract:Due to the multiple roles held within the social system, the public administration field is positioned in the service of the citizen, and through its entire activity interferes with the political, economic and socio-cultural dimensions, where the beneficiary becomes the goal and not the means. It is thus understood that public administration has significance only in interaction with parts of the social system. An important part of the social system, which is in direct line with the public administration, is education, due to its public service performance. Under these conditions, education becomes a service of public interest, where the educational policy is ensured through the specialized public administration. What is the role and how the administration involved in the realization of the public education service is, are questions generating the depth of knowledge at the empirical level in this undertaken approach.
The Problems of Third World and United Nations

The Problems of Third World and United Nations
(The Problems of Third World and United Nations)

  • Author(s):Sabeen Azam
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social development, Economic development
  • Page Range:184-189
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Third World; United Nations; Role; Development
  • Summary/Abstract:In the International scenario, the world order is shifting from time to time. From post-modernism to the current modern era, the terms and relations of the countries have been gone through changes. The previous First, Second and Third world concepts are still going through alteration. The term "third world" was coined to designate nations that did not develop economically capitalist (the first world) nor was part of the communist system of the Soviet Union (second world). The term became inappropriate and then later disappeared. But the recent history of each country has forced us to rethink about the nations who are considered within or outside the group. Based on the characteristics which each class possesses out of the all the existing countries of the world. The main international organization United Nations must revisit the reforms and ought to bound the member states to follow international law. As the exploitations and balance of the power should be maintained. The key role is of the United Nations to maintain the development in all countries of the world.
Valences of Education

Valences of Education
(Valences of Education)

  • Author(s):Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Higher Education , State/Government and Education
  • Page Range:190-196
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:education; priority; educational system; formal education
  • Summary/Abstract:Today's society is constantly evolving and it is not enough to learn just to become something for tomorrow, but it is necessary to be able to cope with the multiple demands of life. Humanity sees education as a practical, social, current and permanent issue, an indispensable tool for achieving the ideals of peace, freedom and social justice of a nation. If people aspire to a materially, socially and spiritually emancipated society, parents and teachers will find a way to make a common front together without excluding the child, helping him tactfully and gently to accumulate information, knowledge, but also to avoid many unpleasant events that can seriously mark him later in life. A properly educated child is a gain for society, and his education materializes both at home and in educational institutions. Education is and must be treated as a priority activity of society. High quality education is a necessity and that is why it must become a cornerstone of the society in which we live.
A New Model of Penitentiary

A New Model of Penitentiary
(A New Model of Penitentiary)

  • Author(s):Doian Chiriță
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Penology
  • Page Range:197-200
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:Rehabilitation; reintegration into society; penitentiary architecture
  • Summary/Abstract:In order to create a better society, due importance must be given to persons deprived of their liberty, in the sense of changing their behavior, so that in the end they no longer commit antisocial acts. As a result, the necessary attention must be paid to the development of appropriate educational and social programs, as well as to places of detention. Thus, as we will show below, the architecture of the penitentiary should be different, both inside and out. We cannot achieve the expected resocialization if we do not adapt the construction of detention units and educational programs to a positive purpose and not to a punitive one.
The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence

The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence
(The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence)

  • Author(s):Cosmin Butură
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Health and medicine and law
  • Page Range:201-204
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:family; violence; forensics; indices; factors; pandemic; virus
  • Summary/Abstract:ABSTRACT: Starting with the end of 2019, and so far, the pandemic challenged by the SARS-COV-2 virus called popular Corona Virus, has produced positive and negative effects from the perspective of different areas. If we are heading for the environment, we notice that statistics have shown a substantial increase in the ozone layer; The nature breathed and the air was cleaner, which was considered a positive effect. In the field of HORECA, hundreds of restaurants, cafes, bars, clubs and hotels closed, employers have to dismiss employees because of the long period of restrictions, so it is understood that the generated effect was negative. Also, in the social environment, education was under restrictions, pupils and students having to attend courses through online platforms, thus reducing inter-human socialization. However, not all the effects of the pandemic were visible to society and the press. During the emergency state, the population was blocked in housing, but this political action took into account the fact that every family is different in its own way? I therefore analyze the effects of COVID-19 pandemic among less perfect families from the perspective of forensics. Whether we accept or not, the idea of domestic violence is clearly described by annual statistics both at national and international level.
The Use of Experts in Criminal Proceedings in Romania. Inquisitorial Background and Future Trends

The Use of Experts in Criminal Proceedings in Romania. Inquisitorial Background and Future Trends
(The Use of Experts in Criminal Proceedings in Romania. Inquisitorial Background and Future Trends)

  • Author(s):Adrian Șandru
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
  • Page Range:205-210
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:expert evidence; criminal proceedings; evidence
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to study and expose by comparing the institution of scientific evidence and the use of the expert in criminal proceedings, starting from the structural differences in evidence legal framework between the adversarial system and the continental system, to comparing procedural details on the disposition, conduct or assessment of an expert report. A comparative analysis of different legal systems, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages, should not lead necessary to a legal transplant, but could generate new visions that can materialize in certain proposals to improve criminal proceedings legislation through innovative legislative solutions that are inspired both from adversarial and continental systems and taking into consideration all the rules of criminal procedure at Romanian internal level.
Healthcare Dependent Multiplier

Healthcare Dependent Multiplier
(Healthcare Dependent Multiplier)

  • Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Economic development
  • Page Range:211-218
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Austerity; Coronavirus; Corruption; COVID-19; Digitalization
  • Summary/Abstract:The currently ongoing COVID-19 crisis has challenged healthcare around the world. The call for global solutions in international healthcare pandemic outbreak monitoring and crisis risk management has reached unprecedented momentum. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 imposes the most unexpected external economic shock to modern humankind, triggering abrupt consumption and behavior pattern shifts around the world with widespread socio-economic impacts. In order to alleviate unexpected negative fallouts from the crisis, governments around the world have incepted the largest ever amount of strategic economic bailout rescue and recovery packages that particularly focus on economic and social targets. The potential focus of bailouts and recovery ranges from urban-local and national to even global and future-oriented beneficiaries, as pursued in public investments on climate stabilization in the United States Green New Deal or the European Green Deal Sustainable Finance Taxonomy. Large-scale and future-oriented governmental investments are valuable macroeconomic multipliers that can benefit society as a whole in the short run and long term. Economic multipliers trickle down positively in society since governmental spending incepting projects leads to increased salaries, opportunities to support a family and employ other people in the consumption of goods and services, to name a few economic multiplying growth opportunities in the wake of governmental spending. This paper proposes the idea that multiplier effects may vary based on the causes that receive governmental funding. Evidence of country differences in multiplier effectiveness already exist. Multipliers also appear to trickle down in society with a certain time lag. Lastly, multiplier effects can also be negative if the government chooses to cut spending during austerity measures. The discussion proposes potential future hypothesis testing opportunities for investigating healthcare dependent multipliers. Given the enormous amount of governmental COVID rescue and recovery aid in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and the blatant importance of health in the eye of the pandemic, the time has come to investigate if there is a certain effect of governmental spending on healthcare that influences the multiplier. In order to understand a potential multiplier effect of governmental spending on healthcare, a healthcare dependent multiplier effect could test if healthcare related governmental spending leads to a higher or lower than 1.6 multiplying factor. If a relation between multiplier effects and healthcare exists, a future step would be to investigate if it also holds or varies for particular governmental investment in prevention and preventive healthcare. If there are effects for governmental spending on healthcare, well-being and social welfare are potential moderators of the effect. In the 21st century, healthcare is directly related to digitalization and technological advancement, which could be other moderators to control for. Lastly, corruption has been found to be negatively related to quality healthcare and may also be accounted for in future healthcare related multiplier investigations. The paper ends with an outlook on policy implications of the prospective envisioned research.
Music on the Wrong Side of Art

Music on the Wrong Side of Art
(Music on the Wrong Side of Art)

  • Author(s):Goranka Stanić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Music, Sociology of Art
  • Page Range:219-225
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:prejudice; music; hatred; discrimination; misuse of music
  • Summary/Abstract:Music and dance follow human development. The beginnings of music spontaneously hit various kinds of behaving that accompanied free movement (dance) within the community. In addition to relaxation and enjoyment, music has often been used in some undesirable behavior forms by today's standards. Music encourages soldiers to raise the morale and willingness of the army to win. This act intimidated opponents—the first example of using musical instruments in the best-selling Christian book of the Bible (Jericho). Today, music is wide-ranging and classified into different categories; this happens freely in other performers who may encounter hate speech. Music is used as a means of provoking and intimidating certain target groups. Depending on the country and the area, we come across numerous music examples on the "wrong side." The examination refers to how to use music that should inspire and raise the values of human beings in a strange way that causes fear, panic, hiding, discrimination in some groups. These people are primarily in the minority: nationality, religion, skin color, sexual orientation, or any other isolation and mockingly aggressive attitude towards selected people. Music began to use for ideological purposes during the French Revolution, and this firefighting practice spread to Europe in the 19th century. Music by manipulation became the music of hatred towards differents and others. Beautiful and sublime, placed in the proper context, music can evoke strong emotions. The desired effect is achieved by the synergy of music and text, its persistent appearance within a particular ideology, and asocial.
Criminal Participation in the Form of Complicity

Criminal Participation in the Form of Complicity
(Criminal Participation in the Form of Complicity)

  • Author(s):Petre Buneci
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminology
  • Page Range:172-183
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:plurality; criminal participation; complicity; authors
  • Summary/Abstract:The plurality of criminals over time has evolved, so that today we have a natural plurality, constituted plurality, occasional plurality or criminal participation. Thus, within the criminal participation, the accomplices carry out a secondary activity in the sense of facilitating, helping or promising the perpetrator (co-perpetrators) who commit the act directly. This activity of the accomplice takes place before or at the same time as the commission of the criminal act. In judicial practice, the modalities of complicity (previous, concomitant, moral, and material, negative) in which a person intentionally facilitates or helps the perpetrator to commit a criminal act have been shown.
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