Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego

Certainty and doubt in academic discourse: Epistemic modality markers in English and Polish linguistics articles

Certainty and doubt in academic discourse: Epistemic modality markers in English and Polish linguistics articles

Author(s): Krystyna Warchał / Language(s): English

Keywords: certainty; doubt; academic discourse; epistemic modality; English; Polish; linguistics articles

Certainty and doubt in academic discourse: Epistemic modality markers in English and Polish linguistics articles: 01 Academic discourse and its rhetoric02 Rozdz. 2, cz. 1. Linguistic modality: Approaches and concepts; Modal meanings and values03 Rozdz. 2, cz. 2. Linguistic...: Epistemic modality markers; Modality in academic discourse: Previous studies; Concluding remarks04 The project05 Rozdz. 4, cz. 1. Markers of (un)certainty in English and Polish linguistics articles: High-value markers06 Rozdz. 4, cz. 2. Markers of (un)certainty in English and Polish linguistics articles: Middle-value markers07 Rozdz. 4, cz. 3. Markers of (un)certainty in English and Polish linguistics articles: Low-value markers08 Conclusions; ReferencesThe subject of the work are linguistic indicators of the degree of judicial certainty in scientific articles in the field of linguistics in English and Polish. The starting point for the research undertaken is the conviction that the different intellectual traditions in which Polish and English academic communication was shaped - traditions that perceive the status of scientific knowledge and the process of its creation differently, the relationship between the author and the reader, and finally the act of writing and the degree of dialogicality of a scientific text - may be reflected in various beliefs about what a scientific fact is and what remains in the realm of hypotheses, assumptions and proposals awaiting confirmation and acceptance of the academic community. These differences, in turn, would suggest that authors from these two cultures may attach different importance to the clear marking of hypothetical content and judgments accompanied by a high degree of certainty, mark them in different ways, with different frequency and in different places of argument. This paper attempts to determine whether such differences exist and, if so, which exponents of epistemic modality they relate to and how they proceed. // The work can be a voice in the discussion on the differences in the styles of academic argumentation characteristic of particular cultures and disciplines, provide data for comparative research on epistemic meanings and their function in different types of discourse, and be a reference point for further analyzes taking into account other languages, genres and disciplines.

Upper Silesia and the Dąbrowa Basin. Essays on the 20th-century Literary Culture of the Regions

Górny Śląsk i Zagłębie Dąbrowskie. Szkice o dwudziestowiecznej kulturze literackiej regionów

Author(s): Paweł Majerski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Upper Silesia; Dąbrowa Basin; literary culture

The monograph is comprised of four interrelated parts devoted to the literary culture of Upper Silesia and the Dąbrowa Basin, including poets, prose writers and publishing industry. In the first part, the author touches upon the oeuvre of Lech Piwowar, Stanisław Wygodzki and Wacław Stacherski. Both in these as well as the following essays, the author focuses first and foremost on the poetics of the poems and the question of how much the extent to which the writers in question resided in the region (their biographies testify to their roots in small communities or “temporary” residence) influences the manifestations of local patriotism as well as the manifestations of the need to step outside of the local framework. Thus, both specific and general overviews go beyond the strictly regional context. The second part, also devoted to poetry, lacks the “historical” dimension of pre-war and wartime presence of the writers. Stanisław Krawczyk, who existed and created on the border between Upper Silesia and the Dąbrowa Basin, Grzegorz Słobodnik, who was the co-founder of Reduta 56, as well as other poets of the “younger generations” (e.g. Bartłomiej Majzel, Paweł Lekszycki, Wojciech Brzoska) at the same time emphasized their place in the region and attempted to gain popularity beyond Upper Silesia and the Dąbrowa Basin. The third part of the monograph can be described as a Sosnowiec reconnaissance. Jan Pierzchała, the author of “Legenda Zagłębia” (“The Legend of the Dąbrowa Basin”) for years engaged with the general collective memory of local places. Edward Kudelski, writing his novel „Sosnowiec jest takim miastem jak Londyn, Paryż, Wiedeń…” (“Sosnowiec is a City Just Like London, Paris, Vienna…”), attempted to sketch out the local topography and painted the fates of the inhabitants of the Dąbrowa Basin. Moreover, in this part, the author recalls the figure of Włodzimerz Wójcik, the author of “Spotkania Zagłebiowskie” (“Meetings in the Dąbrowa Basin”) and “Zagłębiowskie impresje” (“Impressions of the Dąbrowa Basin”), which documented his life-long attachment to the place of his birth. Part four constitutes a “dynamic” overview from the perspective of sociology of literature. This part of the monographs includes also a summary essay, which contains information concerning two departments at the University of Silesia in Katowice which conduct research into the literary life of Upper Silesia and the Dąbrowa Basin. This conclusion, however, constitutes at the same time an introduction of sorts – an invitation to a debate concerning the prospects of regional studies, strategy of research, and institutional systematization of research plans.

Security discourse from the perspective of linguisecuritology

Dyskurs o bezpieczeństwie z perspektywy lingwosecuritologii

Author(s): Jadwiga Stawnicka / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: security; crisis situation; communication in crisis situations; discourse; linguistics

In the following book, an attempt has been made to indicate practical application of linguistic knowledge in actions undertaken by law enforcement and aimed at public security and public order. The book puts forward a proposition to create a sub-field of linguistics under the term „linguisecuritology” – theory and practice of the langugae of security. A semantic field of linguisecuritology encompasses all terms related to vital characteristics of a crisis situation conceptualized by its every participant. It has been indicated how to conduct talks with the perpetrator of a crisis situation with use of the theory of speech acts, and how to optimalize the flow of information between all the public service forces involved in a threat situation. // The book consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction specifies the purpose of the book and the contents of the chapters. A conceptual framework of the term „linguisecuritology” has been proposed. In chapter one „W kręgu dyskursu kryzysowego. Konceptualizacja pojęć” (Within crisis discourse. Conceptualization of notions), the notions of discourse and crisis discourse have been discussed from the perspective of pragmatic linguistics, and the possiblilities of use of the psycholinguistic knowledge in crisis situations have been indicated. The subject of chapter two is the specificity of the crisis discourse with the perpetrator considering the theory of speech acts. Strategies of communicating with the perpetrator have been discussed, including issues of promising, witholding information and lying during negotiations. // This chapter also contains general remarks on the subject of the flow of information in crisis situations. Next, the flow of information during regional multi-level simulations in crisis management „Lotnisko 2011”(„Airport 2011”) has been characterized. In chapter three „Perspektywy badawcze lingwosecuritologii. Opis projektów badawczych” (Research perspectives of linguisecuritology. Description of research projects), a few linguisecuritological projects by the author have been discussed in the context of perspectives for development of this sub-field. The book is addressed for a broad circle of recipients including law enforcement, academic and research environment, students and lecturers involved in the fields of security, crisis situations, psychology and notably linguistics. The book is a continuation of my research and an attempt at applying linguistic knowledge for the optimalization of the flow of information in crisis situations.

Slovak drama in Poland. Translation in the dialogue of proximate cultures

Dramat słowacki w Polsce. Przekład w dialogu kultur bliskich

Author(s): Lucyna Spyrka / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: dialogue of cultures; translation; cultural proximity; Polish culture; Slovak culture; drama

The book is devoted to the Polish translations of Slovak dramatic works in the context of the dialogue between both cultures. In the first part of the work an attempt is made at formulating a definition and arranging concepts, beginning from the concept of the dialogue between cultures, translation, the competence of the recipients and the translator proceeding through a discussion of the determinants of cultural proximity and the factors which specify the contribution of translation in the intercultural dialogue, including its functions and value. There is an outline of the contacts between Polish and Slovak cultures, with reference to the contribution of translations of Slovak literature into Polish. // The second part of the book contain a discussion of the particular translations of Slovak dramatic works and their reception, which is preceded by an outline of the development of Slovak drama as well as the discussion of the theoretical concepts of translating dramatic works and their possible participation in the dialogue between cultures. An attempt was made at determining the contribution of these works in the Polish-Slovak dialogue of cultures in reference to each work that was discussed and to indicate the reasons of the particular state of affairs in the case of a given translation. Reference has also been made to the information about the authors of the particular translations. // We may distinguish three periods in the history of the presence of Slovak playwriting output in Polish culture: the pre-war years, the post-war years and the period after the Velvet Revolution. Each of these periods has a peculiar nature of its own, determined above all by the historical context in which the cultural contacts between both peoples developed. // In the inter-war period Slovak dramatic works were not staged in Polish theatres, and only one work was published in print — a one-act play by Jozef Gregor Tajovský entitled “Matka” [“Mother”]. // Another phase of the Polish-Slovak dialogue of cultures begins in the years that followed the Second World War. Both the Polish literature as well as the Slovak literature was subordinated to the standards determined by the third, Soviet culture. The intercultural contacts were ideologised and politicised. Therefore the notion of a dialogue of cultures hardly applies here. In this context we may mention the translations of the following dramatic works: “Experiment Damokles” [“The Damocles Experiment”] by Peter Karvaš and “Kráľovná noci v kamennom mori” [“The Queen of the Night in the Stone Desert”] by Ján Solovič. // The text of the translation may assume various positions in the new cultural context: it may be domesticated, being subject to acculturation or on the contrary — it may become a rejected or even alienated translation. The last chapter of the book is devoted to problems of this kind. Among the Polish translations of Slovak dramatic works there were none that would be domesticated in our culture. Slovak drama participates in the Polish-Slovak intercultural communication but it struggles to participate in the dialogue between both cultures.

Figures of Lack. On Stanisław Dygat’s Prose

Figury braku. O prozie Stanisława Dygata

Author(s): Ewa Bartos / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Stanisław Dygat; lack; Literature economics; desire; love; war

This dissertation attempts to interpret Stanisław Dygat’s novels with regard to the manner in which he inscribes the category of l a c k in his oeuvre. Lack – understood herein as a figure of mind, and not merely a rhetoric one – manifests itself on the pages of Dygat’s writings as a capacitor of desires.This thesis is divided into three chapters: Economics and Lack, Desire and Lack, Time, War and Lack.The first one reads Dygat’s subsequent novels, with an emphasis placed on lack as a framework of thinking of love. Precisely, it turns out that the romantic decisions made by the protagonists depicted are governed by the principles of economics. Rational calculations, as well as assessments of incomes and expenditures of engaging in relationships, happen to be the most common reasons for sacrificing love.The second chapter – Desire and Lack – endeavours to provide an answer on why lack remains vital in the structure of a novel. In Dygat’s prose, the heroes construct their subjectivities through desire, which is inevitably founded on lack. The constant oscillation around fulfilment and non-fulfilment constitutes a subjectivity rooted in shortfall. Lack stimulates it in order to discover new desires, whereas the subject’s approaching and distancing from the object of its desire establish a convenient position for arousing and depriving Dygat’s protagonists of pleasure.The third chapter – Time, War and Lack – supplements the considerations undertaken in the first two chapters with a new understanding of lack, associating it with nostalgia. This new conceptualization allows one to re-think memory as a burning sense of emptiness induced by loss. In Dygat’s oeuvre, this case redirects us to not only the experience of World War II, but also the social changes that have occurred during it and in its aftermath.In my dissertation, I have not strived for reaching the fixed answers responding to the problems posed. Still, I am convinced that the possibility of embracing Stanisław Dygat’s prose should be embedded in the affirmation of a multiplicity of interpretative decisions.They provide one with an opportunity of including the writer in the particular group of authors, and, simultaneously, they draw him out from it.Figures of Lack, aside of its placement within the contemporary criticism and literary history, endeavours concurrently to read Dygat’s works through the apparatus of the economy of literature. Hitherto, such a confrontation has been either peripheral or not taken.

Divine, human. Four studies of the poetic experience of God

Boskie, ludzkie. Cztery studia o poetyckim doświadczaniu Boga

Author(s): Katarzyna Niesporek-Klanowska / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Jerzy Liebert; Władysław Sebyła; Tadeusz Różewicz; Wilhelm Szewczyk; Divine; human; God; angel; church; passions; religiosity; metaphysical

Divine, human. Four studies of the poetic experience of God is a book presentingdifferent ways of expression of an individual’s stance on “metaphysicality” in the lyric poetry of the interwar period and the first years of World War II. They mean, as Józef Czechowicz put it, “a confluence of thoughts and predispositions accompanied by emotions underlying an artist’s world view”. In the presented studies, this world view does not refer only to orthodox religiousness but first of all, it considers the “metaphysical system of the world’s interpretation”. Hence, the dominant experience is the quest for the Absolute and for what is transcendental and sacred of this world, which is marked and desecrated by war, anguish, solitude, disease and death. The opening study concerns Jerzy Liebert’s poetry. The author’s companions in his spiritual struggle are beings from the sphere of sacrum. Their doings are described especially in the two poems: Anioł Żalu and Anioł Pokoju, which are compared to the poems: Próby, Kuszenie, Jeździec and Boża noc devoted to the “internal experiences of man who took the road of atonement in his journey towards God”. The heavenly messengers perform a function of intermediaries, guides and teachers. Their presence proves the existenceof the Absolute and puts the lyrical subject in a state of ecstatic rapture. The study of Jerzy Liebert’s angelic poems, pointing to the presence of the celestial being in the juvenile poems of the author of Kołysanka jodłowa, further develops, so to speak, the deliberations on angels in his poetry found in Maria Szczepan-Wojnarska’s and Piotr Nowaczyński’s books.Part two discusses the autonomous images of the Absolute, emerging from Władysław Sebyła’s work permeated with despair and fear, of God present and absent, powerful and weak, holy and human. What the author of Pieśń szczurołapa has in common with Jerzy Liebert is not only the same generation, time of debut, Skamander fascinations and rebellions, but also the region they come from (let us remind that the first was born in Kłobuckin 1902 and the latter in nearby Częstochowa two years later). However, the subject of the author of Nokturny is definitely a homo metaphysicus whose road leads from hope to despair, yet, he does not deny the existence and presence of God. A continuation of deliberations on the lyric poetry of the interwar period is the study of Tadeusz Różewicz’s juvenilia. His early poems have a religious background. Between 1938 and 1939, the poet published seven poemsin the Sodality of Our Ladys’s magazine “Pod Znakiem Maryi”. Years later, he confessed that his poetic experience had originated from a metaphysical experience. Alongside religious lyrics he wrote a few other poems, including erotic ones. The article reflects on these literary beginnings of the later author of Niepokój. As is known, his religious orientation was weakened during the war, although later the poet oftentimes alluded to metaphysical questions. There is little literature on the subject, whereas it seems to be significant for the understanding of Tadeusz Różewicz’s literary development. The book closes with an attempt at an interpretation of the series of lyric poems Pasje strasburskie by a Silesian author Wilhelm Szewczyk. Only seven out of ten poems were officially published in the volume Posągi from 1945. The other three sonnets have been transcribed from an autograph andpublished by Marian Kisiel in “Śląsk” on the occasion of the 85th birthday of the author of Poemat górniczy. This collection of studies on the experience of “metaphysicality” in selected lyric poems from the interwar period and the first years of World War II reveals an image of the incessantly clashing divine and the human. The studies demonstrate an individual dimension of experiencing the revealed truths, which led some to the profession of faith and others to spiritual despair in an “empty church”, and still others to a more profound experience of existential anguish.

Individual traits, environmental factors and learning autonomy

Cechy indywidualne i czynniki środowiskowe a autonomia uczenia się

Author(s): Anna Studenska / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: learning autonomy; Diagnosis of autonomy; Questionnaire difficulty of autonomous learning; Support for teacher autonomy

The work concerns learning autonomy. The text consist of theoretical part and empirical part. Theoretical considerations are devoted to various approaches to autonomy, ways of measuring autonomy and independent learning as well as to present the knowledge on the relationship between individual variables, environmental variables and autonomy. The empirical part presents the assumptions of the empirical research on learning autonomy. The theoretical inspiration to undertake the research was the theory of multidimensional learning, assuming among others leading students gradually to independence in gaining knowledge, experiencing values and acting.Taking into consideration insufficiency of instruments measuring perceptions of autonomouslearning difficulty and scarcity of the data concerning the interplay of individual and environmental variables in shaping learning autonomy, two main research aims were formulated. The first aim was the construction of Autonomous Learning Difficulty Questionnaire. The items of the instrument were formulated on the basis of self‑education process as developed in Polish didactics and self‑regulation stages postulated by Barry Zimmerman. The second aim was to verify the model explaining variance in the perceptions of autonomous learning difficulty. The model was based on self‑determination theory assuming the role of individual and environmental traits in shaping person`s autonomy. In the model student` s autonomy support by parents and teachers as well as student`s temperamental traits were regarded as independent variables. The role of mediating variables was assigned to such variables as: student`s preferences towards teachers behaviours fostering autonomy, student`s learning motivation, sense of self‑efficacy and general autonomy.The participants of the main research were 454 students of middle school and secondary school. In the research EAS Questionnaire by Arnold Buss and Robert Plomin was used to measure tempermental traits of emotionality, activity and sociability. Data concerning general Autonomy was gathered by Adolescent Autonomy Questionnaire constructed by Marc Noom and coworkers. Instruments measuring other variables were constructed for the purpose of the research. Autonomous Learning Difficulty Questionnaire which has been constructed allows for the diagnosis of students` perceptions of difficulty of behaviours connected with independent learning such as: reflective evaluation of outcomes, motivational control and planning. Three results which emerged from the verification of the model of relationships between research variables are considered as most important. Among the factors which were taken into consideration in the research the low level of student`s self‑efficacy and low autonomy proved to be the ones strongest related with the perception of high difficulty in autonomous learning. It was also found that low level of self‑efficacy and autonomy is connected with high emotionality, which is the tendency to react with distress, fear and anger. The third result is that the connection between the perception of high difficulty in autonomous learning by a student and the low level of autonomy support received from parents.

Hyperejdes Mowy

Hyperejdes Mowy

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Hyperejdes; Mowy; Athens; oratory; antiquity; creation; translation

The Athenian orator Hyperides of Kollytos (389–322 BC) was considered by ancient critics as second to none other than Demosthenes himself, and in many respects even praised as his superior. His work, however, suffered a very different fortune: his speeches all lost, for a long time he was known only from a handful of fragments quoted by ancient and Byzantine authors. The 19‑th century, however, brought about a series of astounding papyrological discoveries, which, among other things, gave us six of his speeches, preserved in considerable portions, and in one case, in its entirety. These are: 1. Against Demosthenes; 2. Indefence of Lycophron; 3. In defence of Euxenippus; 4. Against Philippides; 5. Against Athenogenes; 6. Funeral oration. The first decade of the 21‑st century saw another major discovery, which brought to light substantial fragments of two other speeches, Against Diondas and Against Timandrus. The present volume provides the first Polish translation of all these texts, followed by a selection of culturally and historically significant fragments.While doing full justice to the high opinion the ancient critics had of Hyperides, this relativelymodest (he is said to have composed seventy two speeches in total) anthology also providesthe modern reader with a unique glimpse into Athenian politics, institutions and mores in theperiod which followed the defeat at Chaeronea (338 BC). This book aims therefore not onlyat offering an accessible translation of Hyperides’ work, but also seeks to flesh out variousquestions and problems raised by these texts (too frequently preserved in a far‑from‑perfectcondition). Its main concern lies in political, social and cultural history, prosopography, andmost importantly – since with only one exception we are dealing here with forensic speeches – Athenian law and its vagaries. The entire corpus of Hyperides’ translated work is prefaced with general introduction which deals with political events in Athens and Greece after Chaeronea, with the biographical tradition of Hyperides, and finally with selected issues in Athenian legal history. Each of the translated speeches and fragments is in addition accompanied with a generous commentary and a detailed introduction, which aims to provide specific background to the case from which the text takes its origin.

A Byzantine epic for intermediate students. Theodore Prodromos’s “Katomyomachia” as a text in the third degree

Bizantyński epos dla średnio zaawansowanych. "Katomyomachia" Teodora Prodromosa jako tekst trzeciego stopnia

Author(s): Katarzyna Warcaba / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Byzantine literature; Theodore Prodromos; Katomyomachia; Bizantium; antiquity

The analysis of Homer’s influence upon the literatures of various periods and societies is one of the most extensive research subjects associated with literary reception. The Iliad and the Odyssey remain until today one of the most recognisable literary works which arose in European culture, and the research in the poems themselves has been conducted continuously, from the beginning of the existence of philology as a field of study. Unarguably, Homer was also the most popular author in Byzantium, which is testified by the very number of the manuscripts which contain works which are ascribed to the Poet. He was present at all stages of education, although only few people studied the great works of the Greek master in earnest. The majority of the students – the future intellectuals of Constantinople – engaged above all the first book of the Iliad or summaries of this part, whereas Batrachomyomachia, which is attributed to the Poet and which acts as a stepping stone to the reading of the epic poems was familiar to all of those who accomplished the “intermediate” stage of the system of education. In the Byzantine period the text saw the appearance of its imitator, i.e. Theodore Prodromos, the author of Katomyomachia, which is the subject of the present work. The book consists of an introductory part which includes the following: information about the author and the circumstances in which “The War Between Cats and Mice” arose, and an overview of the presence of cat and mice in ancient and Byzantine literature. The bulk of the work consists of an analysis of the text according to a transtextual approach which was put forward by Gerard Genette in an essay entitled Palimpsests. Literature in the Second Degree”. Due to the fact that Katomyomachia constitutes a literary palimpsest based on a different palimpsest, I decided to suggest a concept of a text in the third degree, in an analogous manner to Genette’s concept. The analysis leads to an attempt at establishing the possible conceptual areas for which Prodromos’s text was intended. The study is accompanied by translations of two Greek texts, Katomyomachia and a text which is attributed to Prodromos, Schede tou myos, into Polish.

The Chivalric Code in Culture. Traditions and Continuations. Vol. II. Sarmatism and its Traditions

Ethos rycerski w kulturze. Tradycje i kontynuacje. T. II: Ethos sarmacki i jego tradycje

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Sarmatism; 16th/17th century Polish army; Sarmatian traditions and Polish culture

The second volume of this multiauthored monograph concerning the chivalric code aims to draw attention of those interested in the culture of Sarmatism and its traditions. The contributors include prominent literary and cultural scholars working on the Polish Republic of Nobles [szlachta]. Polish nobles were fascinated with the values originating in the ancient Rome and considered themselves as their rightful heirs. Even though the heroic acts among the Polish army in the 16th and 17th centuries were noted, the everyday life of the militaries back then was often detached from the high ideals derived from the chivalric code. Most of the contributions are concerned with the vernacular culture, literature, and writings in the 16th and 17th centuries; still, this work also consists of the chapters devoted to the traditions of Sarmatism recurring throughout the epochs much closer to our contemporary position.

Invasive knotweed species (Reynoutria spp.) in Poland – biology, ecology and methods of eradication

Inwazyjne gatunki z rodzaju rdestowiec Reynoutria spp. w Polsce – biologia, ekologia i metody zwalczania

Author(s): Barbara Tokarska-Guzik,Barbara Fojcik,Katarzyna Bzdęga,Alina Urbisz,Teresa Nowak,Andrzej Pasierbiński,Zygmunt Dajdok / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Biology

A publication prepared based on the document “Guidelines on the eradication of knotweed species in Poland”, commissioned by the General Directorate for Environmental Protection. Prevention of invasion is considered to be the most effective method for reducing the environmental and economic consequences of the spread of alien species. In addition to raising awareness of the causes and consequences of biological invasions, an essential element of a preventive strategy is the development of effective organizational and legal solutions, including acts regulating the import of alien plant species and methods of handling plants that already exist in anthropogenic and other habitats. Poland, by ratifying in 1995 the Convention on biological diversity (CBD), committed itself, among other things, to preventing the introduction of, controlling, or eradicating those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species (as far as possible and as appropriate) (Article 8h). The groupof alien plants includes knotweed species Reynoutria spp. (= Fallopia spp.) (Tokarska-Guzik et al. 2012, 2015a). Because of the threats to the biodiversity of plants and animals in specific areas associated with the spread of knotweeds and the formation of communities in which they dominate, often in large areas, these species have been listed in many countries as among those requiring eradication (Child and Wade 2000; Lowe et al. 2000). Failure to adopt measures limiting their occurrence and/or eradicating these plants can promote further invasions and increase the scale of their establishment. Due to certain morphological and biological features of knotweed species and their ability to adapt to various environmental conditions they have also been regarded as plants which are particularly difficult to control (e.g. Bímová et al. 2001; Child et al. 2001; Cronk and Fuller 2001).Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) no. 1143/2014 of 22 October 2014 (EU Regulation) on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species states that “Member States shall have in place effective management measures for those invasive alien species of European Union concern which the Member States have found to be widely spread on their territory, so that their impact on biodiversity, the related ecosystem services, and, where applicable, on human health or the economy,are minimised” (ch. 4, Article 19). The issue of effective eradication of invasive species belonging to the genus Reynoutria has been addressed in many scientific reports and methodological guides (e.g. Child and Wade 2000; Bímová et al. 2001; Kabat et al. 2006; The knotweed code… 2006; Barták et al. 2010). Information about methods of eradication and prevention is also provided in the GISP database (Global Invasive Species Programme) (Mooney 1999). One frequently emphasized fact is that once well-established, populationsof knotweed species are very difficult to eradicate. This should be considered when planningactions on national, regional and local levels. The aim of this publication is to summarizecurrent knowledge about the occurrence of alien invasive knotweed Reynoutria spp. (= Fallopia spp.) species in Poland: Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica), giant knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis) and their hybrid – Bohemian knotweed (Reynoutria × bohemica), and to prepare guidelines allowing for effective measures to eliminate or minimize the risks associated with their spread. This document is meant to serve as a guideline for local authorities, academic institutions, nongovernmental organizations and citizens, providingthem with information on the identification of knotweed species, available legal measures enabling actions to control these species, and, above all, a description of the most effective methods for elimination and minimizing their further spread.

Historical Issues in Hamito-Semitic and Indo-European Languages. Zagadnienia historyczne w chamito-semickich i indoeuropejskich językach

Historical Issues in Hamito-Semitic and Indo-European Languages. Zagadnienia historyczne w chamito-semickich i indoeuropejskich językach

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Polish

The volume entitled Historical Issues in Hamito-Semitic and Indo-European languages is a collection of nine articles devoted above all to selected problems associated with the influence of Hamito-Semitic languages on certain Indo-European languages in the remote past. The articles also discuss other subjects associated with general linguistics (phonology, dialectology, linguistic shift and magic.

Kawa czy herbata? The first morning tv show. Polymodal message from the perspective of discourse linguistics

Kawa czy herbata? Pierwszy telewizyjny program śniadaniowy. Komunikat polimodalny z perspektywy lingwistyki dyskursu

Author(s): Ewelina Tyc / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: breakfast TV; Polish Television; television genres; discourse

The dissertation presents a detailed analysis of the first national morning programme Kawa czy herbata? [coffee or tea?]. The morning show was broadcast on TVP 1 from 1992 to 2013, i.e. for twenty one years. This was a period of major changes not only in the Polish television but also in all mass media.“Breakfast Television” as an idea of morning bands is willingly watched in Poland. It is proved by both the viewing ratings, as well as by the presence of the morning band not only in each of the leading television stations in Poland but also in local stations (eg. TVP Katowice). The work is made up of two main parts, which are divided into specific sections. In the theoretical part, we present the state of media research work. We describe in detail the methodology, that is, discourse analysis and the linguistic picture of the world , the world media and the discursive image of the world. In the second, analytical part of the study we have described the TV programme Kawa czy herbata?. The material has been discussed in terms of four aspects of the genre’s standard developed by Maria Wojtak: structural aspect, pragmatic aspect, stylistic aspect and cognitive aspect.As regards the structure, we have discussed both the whole programme and its individualparts. In terms of the pragmatic aspect, the analysis involves the actors of the discourse underanalysis, namely the presenters of the programme and the stage on which they act – the studio. In terms of the stylistic aspect, in turn, the research is directed at the individual style of selected hosts. The final, cognitive aspect relates to the concept of the media picture of the world which was created in the morning program Kawa czy herbata?.The considerations undertaken in the present work form part of the current research on discourse linguistics and media linguistics.

Legacy of (non-)Memory. Holocaust Experiences of the Second Generation Women Writers

Dziedzictwo (nie)pamięci. Holocaustowe doświadczenia pisarek drugiego pokolenia

Author(s): Natalia Żórawska / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: trauma; posttrauma; Holocaust; women's prose; autobiographism

The aim of this monograph is to depict the Holocaust motif in women’s autobiographical prose after 2000. As the author of the book shows, for the last few years more and more female writers of the Second Generation after the Holocaust have been writing down their traumatic experiences caused by their – socially stigmatised – Jewish descent. In the first chapter, the author describes in general the notion of women’s Holocaust prose; she stresses that the Shoah is a culturally tabooed issue and, similarly to the prose written by women, is often ignored or negatively valorised. In the subsequent chapters, the author provides the examples of autobiographical books by Ewa Kuryluk, Agata Tuszyńska, Roma Ligocka, and Magdalena Tulli, which testify to the strengthened position of women’s autobiographical prose within the literature of the Shoah. While interpreting literary pieces, the author focuses primarily on the aspects of memory, forgetting, and postmemory, which are the foundations for Tulli’s short stories, Tuszyńska’s saga, and Ligocka’s novels. The reflections presented are grounded upon the motif of trauma of the first generation – represented by the writers’ mothers – and that of wounds of the second generation, which is the generation that has inherited the past tragedies from its relatives. The aim of this work is to show the relations between that which is bygone, and the present and future, as well as to make one sensitive to the individual experience of the writers in reference to the whole Jewish community. The chosen research perspective makes it possible to compare the analysed pieces along with emphasising their similarities and differences, and to stress that which is particularly popular in Holocaust narrations. „Legacy of (non-)Memory. Holocaust Experiences of the Second Generation Women Writers” is a voice in a discussion on the Shoah and adds to constantly extending reflections on trauma studies in Poland. A detailed analysis of the abovementioned pieces of women’s prose is supported with historical, sociological, and psychological contexts, but also fragments of interviews, providing a sui generis commentary on the discussed issues. The monograph is an attempt at outlining women’s Holocaust prose in reference to Polish-Jewish literature and at drawing attention to the characteristics of this issue.

Embracing Folk Material and Finding the New Objectivity: Karol Szymanowski's Twenty Mazurkas op. 50 and Two Mazurkas op. 62

Embracing Folk Material and Finding the New Objectivity: Karol Szymanowski's Twenty Mazurkas op. 50 and Two Mazurkas op. 62

Author(s): Anna Kijanowska / Language(s): English

Keywords: Szymanowski; Mazurkas; folklore music of Podhale

This book examines the presence of folk material in and the influence of the New Objectivity on the „Mazurkas” op. 50 and op. 62 by Karol Szymanowski through various elements: rhythmic patterns, form, proportions, phrase structure, texture, accompaniment patterns, and articulation. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of the folk music practiced in the Highland region of the Tatra Mountains and its unquestionable presence in the „Mazurkas”. This dissertation dispenses with an analysis of the tonal system in the „Mazurkas”, a topic extensively covered in a thesis by Ann Kossakowski (Yale University, 1980). Chapter 1 discusses stylistic differences in Szymanowski’s works prior to the 1920s and beyond, as well as general trends in European music of that period. Chapter 2 focuses on the New Objectivity movement which is exemplified by the return to traditional forms and textures. Found in the works of Schoenberg, Stravinsky, and Hindemith, this new trend represents the search for a new direction reflective of Baroque and Classical models. The subsequent chapter is devoted exclusively to Polish folk music with distinctions drawn between Lowland and Highland folk styles and draws upon various examples of folk dances and songs. The main body of the book begins in Chapter 4, which is devoted to the analysis of the „Mazurkas”. A close look at the individual elements of the compositions highlights the remarkable way in which Szymanowski’s music manifests the New Objectivity in its texture, clear phrase structure, symmetrical proportions, and the rhythmic unity achieved through irregular accents typical of folk music. Chapter 5 explores the interpretive challenges a performer faces in the „Mazurkas” and examines each composition individually, analyzing the character and function of key elements: rhythmic patterns, articulation, and especially rubato. Szymanowski’s influence on modern Polish music and his contribution to later generations cannot be overstated and is the subject matter of the last chapter, followed by a summation in the conclusion.

Bettina von Arnim: “On Poland”

Bettina von Arnim: "O Polsce"

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish,German

Keywords: Bettina von Arnim; Poland; Ludwik Mierosławski; the Spring of Nations; Prussia; Polish-German relations; translation; essay

The second volume in the series Niemiecka Literatura Kobiet [German Women’s Literature] initiated by the Institute of German Philology of the Silesian University furnishes the Polonohile essay entitled “Polenbroschüre” [“O Polsce”; “An essay on Poland”] by a famous German woman writer of the Romantic period Bettina von Arnim – translated for the first time into Polish. The text which was originally published in 1849 continues to amaze the reader with its topicality, constituting at the same time an example of a German (and woman’s) voice (which was heard relatively rare in the history of German literature) which advocated the pursuit of freedom and the rights of the Polish people in such a passionate, uncompromising and committed way. Moreover, the publication contains essays devoted to the life and the literary output of Bettina von Arnim, the political problems discussed in the “Broszura o Polsce”, selected problems of translation and a comprehensive bibliography. The book “O Polsce” is intended primarily for people who are interested in the history of German literature, especially woman’s literature, the history of Polish-German relations and the problems of literary translation.

“Hermetica” of the Middle Ages and of the Renaissance. A contribution to the study of the history of European thought

Hermetica średniowiecza i renesansu. Studium z historii myśli europejskiej

Author(s): Agata Sowińska / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Hermetica; the Middle Ages; the Renaissance; Bernard z Lublina; Jakub Górski

The work is devoted to the reception of hermetic literature in the Middle Ages and in the Renaissance in the works of Polish writers and it supplements the knowledge which was heretofore acquired in the field of the history of hermetic literature. The work focuses on two primary texts: a collection of dialogues entitled “Corpus Hermeticum” (in Marsilio Ficino’s Latin translation) and on a Latin treatise entitled “Asclepius”. The purpose of the work is to present a content-related and comparative analysis of works which contain quotations drawn from the aforementioned hermetic texts which are featured in: Bernard z Lublina (the so-called Philosophical Anthology), Jan z Trzciany (“De natura ac dignitate hominis”) and Jakub Górski (“Ad Magnificum Dominvm Stanislavm Miskovski Castellanvm Sendomiriensem et Capitanevm Cracoviensem Iacobi Gorscij Mercvrius sive de Trinitate contra Gregorium Bresinensem”), i.e. the figures who were mentioned only by Jan Czerkawski – a researcher of hermetism. The basis of the work is constituted by a manuscript of Bernard z Lublina which contains Latin excerpts from two most important hermetic texts: “Asclepius” and “Corpus Hermeticum”. The division is consistent with the division of the texts in the anthology of Bernard z Lublina: the first part comprises a content-based and comparative analysis of the excerpts from the treatise entitled “Asclepius”, the second part is devoted to the fourteen dialogues from the collection entitled “Corpus Hermeticum”. The study of the content of the anthology with reference to a comparison with the texts of other authors is supposed to bring about the separation of a tertium comparationis – a possible common strand of thought which reveals itself from an analysis and a comparison of the particular works. The analysis is supplemented by appendices which are devoted to works which heretofore have not received treatment: the works of Bernard z Lublina (in the form of tables which present the Latin, Greek and Coptic equivalent of the excerpts) and the works of Górski (in the form of an edition of the text).

Cyberculture. The syntopia of art, science and technology. Second edition, revised

Cyberkultura. Syntopia sztuki, nauki i technologii. Wyd. 2 popr.

Author(s): Piotr Zawojski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: cyberculture; cyberspace; art of new media; virtual reality; interactivity; immersion; interface; cyber-art

Cyberculture and critical studies on its history and its becoming a new cultural paradigm constitute one of the most important phenomena of technosociety, whose functioning is determined by new digital media and the internet. A fundamental thesis, specifying the direction of theoretical and interpretative efforts undertaken in the present work, is the conviction that cyberculture is based on the syntopia of art, science, and technology. However, before the definition of cyberculture is formulated, historical contexts of this phenomenon are outlined. The ideas of third culture and New Renaissance, put forward by John Brockman, are treated here as a theoretical basis for the forming of network society. Cyberculture should be considered as the conclusion of the processes initiated by countercultural performances in 1960s. Chapter Two broadly develops the concept of the syntopia of art, science, and technology. The art of technology and technologies of art refer to scientific background, as this phenomenon has its roots in the first manifestations of computer art in 1960s. After cyberculture has been defined in Chapter Three, the place of art in cyberspace and cyberculture is investigated in the following chapter. Chapter Five discusses the key forms of participation for cyber-art, i.e. the problems of interactivity (and interpassivity), immersion, and interface. Chapter Six is devoted to the theory and practice of documenting and presenting the art of digital media in the era of telematic and IT revolution. The key concepts that render the changing conditions of culture that used to be oriented towards data storage, and nowadays towards data transmission, are immateriality, metamediality, and networking. Archives with no physical location, web platforms taking over the function of art galleries, museums, libraries, and repositories set completely new standards of thinking about art in public circulation. The final chapter deals with the issue of virtual museums as a new territory of art, both the one that uses traditional media, as well as cyber-art. In the concluding part of the book, cyberculture is treated as a kind of revitalization of economy and the gift culture proclaiming a new revolution of everyday life in digital reality.

Best practices in social rehabilitation pedagogy in juvenile detention centres and juvenile shelters in Poland

Dobre praktyki resocjalizacyjne w zakładach poprawczych i schroniskach dla nieletnich w Polsce

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: social rehabilitation for juvenile offenders; juvenile detention centre; juvenile shelter

A juvenile detention centre is commonly associated with a prison for under-age offenders, a place of detention for dangerous juvenile delinquents. This volume abolishes this stereotype. It shows juvenile delinquents through the prism of their tragic family histories and psychological and social deficits they manifest; most importantly, however, it demonstrates the wide range and comprehensiveness of social rehabilitation programmes offered by juvenile detention centres and shelters. It provides a description of thematically arranged programmes applied by social rehabilitation staff, including those connected with leisure time (e.g., canoeing, windsurfing, and biking camps), animal care (animal-assisted therapy), theatre, music, arts, sociotherapy, promotion of family life (e.g., baby manikin care training), voluntary social work (e.g., with juvenile offenders taking care of disabled children), and many others. The volume is addressed both to practitioners (as a resource book with detailed activities plans) and to scholars/theoreticians (psychologists, social rehabilitation academic teachers, and students who take psychology and/or social rehabilitation pedagogy as their majors).

Spoil Heap. On the Silesian Symbolic Imagination

Hałda. O śląskiej wyobraźni symbolicznej

Author(s): Katarzyna Niesporek-Klanowska / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: spoil heap; poetry; Upper Silesia; imagination; symbol;

Instead of being an all-encompassing monograph, this book consists of essays and articles engaging a number of authors. It predominantly focuses on the poems which treat the image of a spoil heap, the most iconic representation of the black Silesia, as a literary symbol. The spoil heap turns out to be not only an irremovable element of the landscape, but also a trope raising both existential and ethical issues.The spoil heap, understood as the symbol of landscape, is a recurrent motif in the literary works of Silesian poets. This book focuses on the most representative poets, if not the most important ones for the Upper Silesian literature; however, it is not the intention of this book to engage in literary and historical debates that establish such a hierarchy among authors, but rather to elaborate on the topic which has been so far unnoticed in literary studies. In other words, this work aims to look at Silesia and its inhabitants locked in the industrial landscape by means of the spoil heap – its most iconic symbol – and to pose significant questions concerning existence and its value.The spoil heap is referred to by both eminent and less well known poets (and even amateurs). It is beyond the scope of this book to list all of them. Hence, the analysis focuses entirely on the first and second generations of Silesian poets: Emil Zegadłowicz (born 1888), Włodzimierz Żelechowski (born 1893), Wilhelm Szewczyk (born 1913), Bolesław Lubosz (born 1928), Tadeusz Kijonka (born 1936), and Stanisław Krawczyk (born 1938).Even though the poems stem from different historical and social contexts, the works discussed in this book are united by the similar images of the spoil heap (the only exception being the ones by Emil Zegadłowicz, who does not mention the spoil heap at all). The authors depict the spoil heaps as, among others, the “mountains of life” surprisingly blooming with nature, the places serving as shelters, bunkers, and even arsenals during wars and the Silesian Uprisings, the spaces of secret and intimate meetings; they are also the places of poverty, the reality of everyday toil and one’s salvation. Finally, the spoil heaps have been shown as wastelands, dumps of rubbish, piles of mine residue, or as hills polluting and intoxicating the surrounding areas.The chapters on the Silesian poets this book consists of are the critical readings of the eponymous image; still, each approach to this image construes its own distinctive perspective: “it reveals the visible, yet in a different – and previously unknown – way.” In these investigations, interpretation – as a method – is the key to unlock the poetic imagination, whereas literary and historical contexts pop out – one might say – by a mere chance, which, nevertheless, insightfully supports the practices of reading.