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Teaching or research? An analysis of teaching and research efficiency in Polish public universities

Teaching or research? An analysis of teaching and research efficiency in Polish public universities

Author(s): Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2014

Keywords: economics of education; efficiency; DEA; public higher education institutions

The article presents an efficiency evaluation for teaching and research in Polish institutions of higher education. Thirty one public universities in Poland were studied using the nonparametric DEA method from 2001 to 2008. Teaching outcomes were evaluated by the numbers of full-time and part-time graduates, while research activities were assessed by number of publications, citations and value of research grants. The scores for teaching and research efficiency were negatively correlated, which could indicate a trade-off between teaching and research activities.

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Criticism in the classroom – the pros and cons of value judgment

Co wolno krytyce, to nie dydaktyce? Uroki i manowce wartościowania

Author(s): Witold Bobiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2012

Keywords: polish philology; literary didactics; culture didactics; literary criticism; reading; viewing; film assessing; evaluating; categorization; intersemiotic poetics

The article presents the author’s strategy for teaching literature and media studies, the goal of which is to, encourage sustained and more serious reading of literature and appreciation of other worthy texts within the school system. The author refers to cognitive film theory as well as to experience of literature teaching and criticism. The core of the proposition is to encourage educators to launch a school strategy of text evaluation after categorization. The author also recommends a comparison of literature with filmic texts. The strategy described in the article equips pupils with the chance to use the critic’s technique during lessons. It may offer an opportunity to revitalize the teaching of literature, literary appreciation and film studies.

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Who wants to go to school? Lessons from reforming (back and forth) the school entry age in Poland

Who wants to go to school? Lessons from reforming (back and forth) the school entry age in Poland

Author(s): Mikołaj Herbst / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: school starting age; educational reform; parental decision; primary years

The goal of this paper – set in the context of the reform to lower the school starting age in Poland – is to investigate the determinants of parental decisions to enrol their six-year-old children in the 1st grade versus leaving them in preschool or preparatory class. It was found that starting school before the compulsory term occurs primarily in response to objective symptoms of a child’s readiness for school, but there is also some evidence for a deliberate investment in education by parents with a higher socio-economic status. Finally, early enrolment may also be driven by a cost-reducing strategy. The discussion highlights the possible reasons for the political failure of school age reform, which was recently cancelled after having been gradually introduced for six years.

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A world locked in simplistic oppositions. The interpretive statements of lower secondary school students

A world locked in simplistic oppositions. The interpretive statements of lower secondary school students

Author(s): Grażyna B. Tomaszewska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: literary studies; analysis and interpretation; teaching of literature; core curriculum; values

This article considers the consequences of rejecting axiological ambiguity in the sphere of human experiences and reflection, as observed in statements made by lower secondary school children as part of a study Teaching language and literature in secondary school in light of the new core curriculum. The negative consequences are indicated of interpreting the world as one locked in the values of extreme opposition, based on an analysis of students’ interpretations of Balladyna by Juliusz Słowacki and Memoir of the Warsaw Uprising by Miron Białoszewski. The risks may include alienating the student from reality, as well as the reformulation of values into a set of anti-values, which excludes the possibility of reaching interpersonal agreement. Constructing a personal axiological system on this basis can occur only at the cost of discrediting the values of others, who are denied the right to have them from the outset. In such a world, there is no place for dialogue about values differing from those already held.

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Assessment of instrumental music performance: definitions, criteria, measurement

Assessment of instrumental music performance: definitions, criteria, measurement

Author(s): Zofia Mazur,Mariola Łaguna / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2017

Keywords: music performance achievement; musical attainment; instrumental performance; musical education; measurement

The concept of music performance achievement or musical achievement is variably understood and operationalised in different ways in research. Assessing the level of instrumental music performance is a complex task, requiring the assessment of many aspects of music performance. The aim of this article is to analyse (a) the ways achievement in music performance is understood, (b) factors affecting the assessment of instrumental music performance, and (c) tools used to measure such achievements. We describe the distinctions made in terms of the level of music expertise attained and the quality of the performance. We also present factors considered when assessing performance achievement: types of musical performance tasks, choice of repertoire, assessment criteria, such as the overall impression of the performance, technical ability, expressive components, and the basic parameters of the quality of the performance. Finally, we discuss available assessment tools, indicating their limitations.

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The teaching productivity of public universities in 2010–2015

Produktywność dydaktyczna publicznych uniwersytetów w latach 2010–2015

Author(s): Łukasz Brzezicki,Piotr Pietrzak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: szkolnictwo wyższe; produktywność; DEA; indeks Malmquista

Celem podjętych badań było określenie zmian w produktywności publicznych uniwersytetów w zakresie działalności dydaktycznej. W badaniu wykorzystano nieradialny indeks Malmquista SBM zorientowany na wyniki. W analizach uwzględniono 18 uczelni będących pod nadzorem Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego. W latach 2010–2015 przeciętna wartość indeksu Malmquista wynosiła 0,90, co wskazuje na pogorszenie produktywności uniwersytetów. Zmiany w zakresie efektywności technicznej nie miały wpływu na wysokość indeksu, ponieważ ich średnia w analizowanym okresie oscylowała wokół jedności. Głównym czynnikiem spadku produktywności uczelni były zmiany postępu technologicznego, które kształtowały się przeciętnie na poziomie 0,85.

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Memory and synthesising words from phonemes at the preparatory stage of learning to read and write in selected early childhood education programmes

Pamięć a syntetyzowanie wyrazów z fonemów w wybranych programach edukacji wczesnoszkolnej na etapie przygotowującym do nauki czytania i pisania

Author(s): Magdalena Harmacińska-Kowalewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: speech therapy; reading and writing; operating memory; educational programmes; synthesising words from phonemes; therapy of children with special education needs

The article presents an analysis of the relationship between the functioning of working memory and the ability to synthesise words from phonemes by early school aged children. The author of the text emphasises the interaction of these processes, which are introduced into educational programmes. Both the task of memory stimulation and synthesising words from phonemes play an important role in the education of normally developing children, as well as those requiring special education. The source of data confirming this position is a study of 16 pupils with diagnosed developmental disorders who remained in therapy to improve their overall development. It was shown that stimulating the described processes is important and required at the preparatory stage of reading and writing.

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Research Ethics: A Perspective of South Asian Context

Research Ethics: A Perspective of South Asian Context

Author(s): Bibek Dahal / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: Nepal; research; research ethics; South Asian context;

Research ethics is concerned with ethical issues that can arise while conducting research. Social science research entails a combination of three equal entities: process, context and human agency. In each study, these entities demand rich interaction with each other. Generally, research ethics questions the interrelation between the research context and the human involvement established within that context. The research context and interaction between researcher and research participants lead to variations in the construction of knowledge, while research ethics plays a major role throughout all undertakings. In this narrative review paper, I have critically reflected my arguments on behalf of research ethics as a context-specific issue. I argued that the one-size-fits-all approach of research ethics is not viable by presenting ethical practices from the South Asian perspective. The paper is organized in three specific sections – ethical theories, research ethics and its contextual practices. Research ethics is very much a private affair and directly linked to the personal outlook of the researcher towards others. The ethical issue in research is not generic, but specific to the research context, i.e. the context of the research determines what form of behaviour is ethical and what is not. I explore the idea that the South Asian context may have its own system to conduct research ethically, as in euro-western and indigenous systems.

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The Perception of Research Integrity and Ethical Training in the Academic Community

The Perception of Research Integrity and Ethical Training in the Academic Community

Author(s): Katarzyna Kalinowska,Agnieszka Koterwas,Agnieszka Dwojak-Matras / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: ethical training; Path2Integrity; positive integrity; research integrity;

The article presents academics’ perceptions on research integrity and teaching integrity and ethics. The empirical basis of the article is a qualitative analysis of data based on open questions from two online surveys conducted among scientists, academic teachers and students. We point out two ways of defining scientific integrity: (1) as a common challenge for the academic community arising from the relationship between science and society; (2) as an individual choice and one’s capital in achieving scientific success. We describe the respondents’ views on the process of teaching integrity and ethics, rooted in a values-based approach to integrity. In this approach, teaching is open to the use of dialogical methods and takes into account the relative nature of the subjects being taught – research integrity and ethics. In our analyses, we focus on a positive approach to research integrity and show that it has great potential to raise the awareness of the scientific community about the principal values in science.

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Path2Integrity Learning Cards: First Year Experiences of an Educational Programme to Foster Research Integrity

Path2Integrity Learning Cards: First Year Experiences of an Educational Programme to Foster Research Integrity

Author(s): Julia Priess-Buchheit / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: coming to an agreement; dialogue; research integrity; responsible conduct of research; role play; storytelling; teaching and learning; training;

This article outlines the experience gained in the first twelve (12) months of the Path2Integrity (P2I) learning programme, an initiative designed to promote reliable research results and responsible research practices with all students, not only those destined to be researchers. Path2Integrity learning cards are student-centred instructions with a dialogical approach, using role-playing and storytelling aimed at fostering a culture of research integrity. This report shows that feedback gathered in this first year of the P2I programme supported the following three actions. First, the feedback informed distinctions between the different contexts of research education and citizen education. Second, a handbook was prepared to accompany the learning cards. And finally, students will be asked in the future to reflect on the competencies each learning card features. A review of the feedback and actions will be followed by an overview of the implications for the programme itself and for research integrity education in general.

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Students’ Attitudes Towards School Subjects With A Special Focus On Physics: The Case Of Poland

Students’ Attitudes Towards School Subjects With A Special Focus On Physics: The Case Of Poland

Author(s): Władysław Błasiak,Paweł Kazubowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: students’ opinions; school subjects; interest in physics; usefulness of physics; physics formulas;

This work presents the results of research on over 5,000 students aged 14–15 that focuses on their attitudes towards school subjects with special regard to physics. It describes the mathematical relationships between an interest in physics and students’ school grades, their plans to choose a profession in which knowledge in physics is needed, an opinion on the usefulness of physics for society and an assessment of the usefulness of the most important formulas from the school curriculum. The average declared interest in school physics, the assessment of its social usefulness and the willingness to choose a profession relating to physics were relatively low. Of the 16 most important formulas taught in physics during the last three years of learning, only 3 formulas were considered useful by the students. The work also presents the ranking of the persons in the history of physics with the greatest impact on the fate of humanity, according to students.

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The simulation method in early childhood education teacher training

Metoda symulacji w kształceniu nauczycieli wczesnej edukacji

Author(s): Lidia Pawlusińska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: early childhood education; reflective practitioner; simulation method; teacher education;

The reason for choosing studies in the humanities is often the desire to avoid mathematics. Bad school experiences with mathematics affect the work of future early childhood education teachers. This is why it is important that teacher training should not only improve the ability to properly organise the didactic process in mathematics, but also help in overcoming the aversion to and fear of this subject. The presented method of simulating practical teaching activities makes it possible to verify the knowledge and skills acquired thus far, to test the theoretical didactic solutions in practice, and to overcome the subconsciously conditioned aspiration of becoming a mathematics teacher using a traditional model of teaching. The great advantage of this method is its ability to shape the attitude of a reflective practitioner, who through self-evaluation and striving for self-development is constantly improving his/her professional competences.

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Nuclear physics education in schools – the problems of students and teachers seen from the perspective of the Education and Training Division of the National Centre for Nuclear Research

Edukacja jądrowa w szkole - problemy uczniów i nauczycieli z perspektywy Działu Edukacji i Szkoleń Narodowego Centrum Badań Jądrowych

Author(s): Ludwik Dobrzyński,Martyna Gąsowska,Marek Kirejczyk,Ewa Droste,Artur Skwarek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: education; holistic perspective; nuclear physics;

This paper addresses the issues connected with teaching about nuclear physics in Polish schools. The remarks stem from more than 20 years of observations and interactions with pupils and teachers visiting the National Centre of Nuclear Research in Świerk. There is a great need to conduct such education in an especially committed way and in various contexts. This, however, means not only overcoming organisational challenges, but also the need for a certain holistic perspective in teaching this discipline of physics.

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The developmental context of hearing children of deaf parents – support possibilities

Dziecko słyszące rodziców niesłyszących. Kontekst rozwojowy, możliwości wspierania

Author(s): Dominika Wiśniewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: Kids of Deaf Adults; psychological situation of hearing children raised by deaf parents;

This article is an attempt to understand the psychological situation of hearing children raised by deaf parents and their functioning in the emotional and social sphere. Kids of deaf adults (KODA) have unique access to the culture of deaf people. They can naturally acquire competence in Polish sign language (PJM). Such a situation may simultaneously be a chance to enrich development as well as pose a threat to its proper course.

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The new face of science education in Poland

The new face of science education in Poland

Author(s): Marek Piotrowski,Rafał Jakubowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: window dressing activities; science education; education crisis in lower secondary school; education reform in Poland in 2016;

The objective of the study was to remind people that science education in lower secondary schools is a typical example of educational window dressing. An analysis of the results of the final lower secondary school examinations is presented, which indicates that nearly half of lower secondary school graduates did not attain 30% of the required competences. The basic disadvantage of the science core curriculum – the lack of the hypothetical character of natural sciences – is also pointed out. As a result, problem-based learning has been proposed as a method of repairing science education at the lower secondary school age. The possibility of using the 8 point method and its compliance with the 5E scheme is pointed out. In conclusion, the question is asked: was the elimination of the compulsory educational project for 15-year-old youth premature? Maybe the project should be implemented in the curriculum of grades 6-8 of elementary school. This question will soon be answered in 2 – 3 years while assessing the effects of school reform.

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An existential-ontological approach to education with special attention paid to language education

An existential-ontological approach to education with special attention paid to language education

Author(s): Agnieszka Rumianowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: language; existentialism; education; authenticity; dialogue;

The article discusses the ontological foundations of language education with special attention paid to the essence of language in human existence. After briefly defining what existential philosophy means, the following issues are considered in detail: the concept of existence, being authentic or inauthentic, the problem of choice, ambiguity, curiosity and idle talk as opposed to critical, reflective thinking and finding one’s own voice. In the further part of the article, pedagogical implications arising from the ontological assumptions concerning human existence and language are presented. The guiding idea of the article is the assumption that ignoring fundamental ontological issues in the process of language education deepens the pervasive feeling of emptiness and meaningless of existence and reduces thinking about education to instrumental and pragmatic issues associated with obtaining qualifications and developing language skills.

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Opinion on the process of student internship as a source of information about the competencies of future teachers

Opinie o przebiegu praktyki studenckiej jako źródło informacji o kompetencjach przyszłych nauczycieli

Author(s): Małgorzata Sławińska,Milena Kaczmarczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: teaching internship; opinion on the course of the internship; teacher training; early education;

The article presents the results of research on identifying what is expected of teacher candidates, as revealed in the opinions about the course of their internships. The authors analysed the opinions formulated by teachers of preschool and early education in order to determine the expected characteristics and competencies required in this occupation, as well as to state to what degree these opinions can be used as sources of feedback about the level of a student’s preparation to work in the teaching profession. The results show that internship supervisors list teaching methods competencies as most important, followed by communication and IT competencies. As far as personal characteristics are concerned, the surveyed teachers indicated reliability, punctuality, dutifulness, kindness, calmness, and composure. We concluded that the opinion about a student’s internship cannot be considered a credible source of information about how the candidate will cope with teaching tasks in the future because the supervisors do not formulate their own opinions, but rather use ready-made phrases and avoid critical judgment.

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When visualisation does not support reasoning – the case of a specific mathematics task

Kiedy wizualizacja nie wspiera rozumowania – przypadek pewnego zadania z matematyki

Author(s): Kamil Palusiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2020

Keywords: cognitive processes in teaching geometry; didactics of mathematics; problems in teaching geometry; role of a drawing in teaching geometry; teaching mathematics in high school;

In the discussion about the methods and the effects of teaching mathematics in secondary school, it is worth looking at the types of student mistakes made during the teaching-learning process. The starting point for such an analysis is to review one situation in which the process of visualisation, as one of the cognitive processes involved in learning geometry, does not support the process of reasoning. We analysed two groups of secondary school students’ solutions over two consecutive years. Our purpose was to examine the degree of confirmation of the hypothesis that making an auxiliary drawing that does not take into account the conditions of the task leads to a change in the nature of the drawing, resulting in an incorrect solution to the task. Students’ solutions empirically confirm this hypothesis. We also show a possible link between making such errors and the gender of the student.

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Social and civic competences in the general education core curricula in light of the challenges of the Integrated Skills Strategy 2030

Kompetencje społeczne i obywatelskie w podstawach programowych kształcenia ogólnego w świetle wyzwań Zintegrowanej Strategii Umiejętności 2030

Author(s): Hanna Solarczyk-Szwec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2020

Keywords: civic competences; core curricula; general education; Integrated Skills Strategy; social competences;

The article presents research on the social and civic competences in the core curricula of pre-school education and general education for primary and secondary schools implemented within the framework of educational reform and their assessment in light of the challenges of the Integrated Skills Strategy. For this purpose, an analysis is made of the Integrated Skills Strategy, a strategic document of state education policy, in terms of its provisions on social and civic competences in the general education system, in order to identify the challenges affecting the quality of human and social capital. This will then be contrasted with the core curricula content of general education in terms of social and civic competences. The study method is the analysis of existing data sources, i.e. the Integrated Skills Strategy and the core curricula for general education. The results of the analysis concern the knowledge, skills and attitudes included in the social and civic competences at all and individual stages of education, as well as the potential functions of education resulting from the provision of the general and specific requirements qualified as social and civic competences. Conclusions from the data analysis indicate a significant discrepancy between the provisions of the core curricula for general education concerning social and civic competences and the challenges of the Integrated Skills Strategy, which calls into question the possibility of achieving its aims.

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Children who do not use speech to communicate. Alternative communication in speech therapy

Dzieci, które nie mówią, ale się komunikują. Komunikacja alternatywna w terapii logopedycznej

Author(s): Agnieszka Franieczek-Madalińska,Natalia Wojciechowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: augmentative and alternative communication; speech therapy;

The article focuses on the use of alternative communication by speech therapists and the presentation of its concepts. The theory of the act of speaking and the basic concepts of communication are reconstructed. The perspective of an intellectually disabled child and the basic criteria for classifying the phenomena accompanying alternative communication are discussed. The latter part of the article contains the differentiation between alternative and augmentative communication systems. The aim of the article is to systematize the knowledge about alternative and augmentative communication (AAC).

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