Search results for: Gerhardt Csejka in All Content

Klaus Kinkel’s Political Career

Kariera polityczna Klausa Kinkela

Author(s): Aleksandra Kruk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2013

Keywords: Klaus Kinkel; Free Democratic Party; Walter Scheel; Hans-Dietrich Genscher

Born in 1936, Klaus Kinkel is a representative of Germany’s Free Democratic Party (FDP). Among the leaders of that party, Walter Scheel and Hans-Dietrich Genscher may have won greater popularity, but even so, Kinkel also exerted an infl uence on the liberals’ policy line, primarily by means of the Wiesbaden Declaration. Working closely with Genscher, Kinkel amassed the experience of which he would avail himself in leading the FDP, in holding offi ce as the Federal Minister of Justice and, subsequently, in heading the Federal Foreign Offi ce. With his education as a lawyer, Kinkel demonstrated an adroitness and professionalism in carrying out his duties. He gained no renown for charisma and leadership skills, but neither did he ever become implicated in any scandals. The article presents Kinkel’s path into politics. As a politician, it was not until 1991 that he decided to become a member of the FDP, despite having worked with Genscher since 1968. Because he was the Federal Minister of Justice during the unifi cation of the two Germanys, he was responsible for the restoration of the rule of law in the Eastern part of the new state. Then, on assuming Genscher’s former duties at the Federal Foreign Offi ce, he pointed to the new role to be played by diplomacy following the collapse of the Cold War.

Contrafort 1-2 (195-196) 2011

Contrafort 1-2 (195-196) 2011

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 195-196/2011

The will for power as a theological concept in the late works of Nietzsche

Der Wille zur Macht als theologischer Begriff im Spätwerk Nietzsches

Author(s): Vladimir Theoharov / Language(s): German / Issue: 28/2008

Discussion-forum

Diskussionsforum

Author(s): Zsolt Bottlik,Jost Linkner,Róbert Győri,Gerhard Hochstrasser,Michael Kroner / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2003

Keywords: Keywords: Transylvania; research; debates; art history; geography

Contains contributions and debates by different scholars about controverted thesis, new directions in research and other problems. This issue contains four contributions: the localisation of the forest of Vlachs and Bissens (by Gerhard Hochstrasser); About the identity of the "gothic knight" from Bistritz (Bistrita) (by Jost Linkner); Was there a belief in vampires by transylvanian saxons (by Michael Kroner); Some aspects of spatial differences in the counties inhabited by transylvanian saxons around 1900 (by Robert Györi and Zsolt Bottlik). Contains two images and three maps.

Isolation or Symbiosis? Social and cultural relationships between Jews and Non-Jews in Medieval Europe

Isolation or Symbiosis? Social and cultural relationships between Jews and Non-Jews in Medieval Europe

Author(s): Edith Wenzel / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2005

Well into the 1990s, the scholarly discourse on the relationship between Jews and Christians in the Middle Ages was generally approached from two directions, both heavily infl uenced by ideology and largely mutually exclusive: One position can be characterized somewhat simplistically by the term of ”symbiosis”. It presupposes a more or less undisturbed co-existence of Jews and Christians and a Jewish participation in Christian culture. This position was generally favoured by the representatives of the ”Wissenschaft des Judentums” in the late 19th and early 20th century. The other position is opposed to this concept. Representatives of this position stress the total isolation of the Jews in the context of a Christian culture. Some scholars maintain that this isolation resulted from the hostility of the Christian world; others also emphasize a self-imposed isolation. An example is the statement of Michael TOCH in his introduction to the history of the Jews in medieval Germany (1998): “For the a very long time two opposing and mutually exclusive positions, each infl uenced by a different world view, have dominated the way in which we view the relationship between Christians and Jews in the Middle Ages. The fi rst position is characterized by the concept of confl ict and holds that Jews were largely, if not completely, isolated - an isolation that, depending upon the observer’s starting point, was either self infl icted or seen to have been imposed by an antagonistic environment. (...)

Strange Woods: on the Prose of Ene Mihkelson

Võõras mets. Ene Mihkelsoni proosast

Author(s): Virve Sarapik / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 09/2005

Keywords: Estonian literary history; Ene Mihkelson; semiotics of literature

The article discusses some common features of Ene Mihkelson's prose. The cue to the texts is an archi-story of a girl coming of age. The central figure is the first-person protagonist, with a smooth emanation over self-invented characters towards more real ones. Places bear real names and may well remind the readers of their own experience. The names of the recurring characters of the archi-story, however, differ from text to text, thus emphasizing the fictional nature of the work. The archi-story is reinforced by certain recurring events and fixed moments (the protagonist's birthyear, her parents' taking to the woods). The scene supports the states of the protagonist's consciousness of the self, manifested mainly as a closed space (room, flat, farmhouse), but sometimes also as an anthropogenous section of the outside (park, garden, street). The woods, being non-anthropogeneous and independent, form a natural opposition. According to the archi-story the woods may have an estranging effect on the people who have crossed their border. The following discussion aims to bind four archi-story features together and to analyse their mutual relations as well as differences between the texts. The basic categories used are Action, Place and Time.

Strategic Personnel Management in Public Sector: the Case Study of Kaunas Municipality

Strategic Personnel Management in Public Sector: the Case Study of Kaunas Municipality

Author(s): Ramunė Čiarnienė,Algimantas Sakalas,Milita Vienažindienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 2 (47)/2006

Keywords: public organizations; new public management; strategic management; strategic personnel management.

The article deals with the main peculiarities and problems of strategic personnel management in public sector. Today, strategic management has moved beyond for-profit business organizations to include governmental agencies, hospitals, and other not-for-profit public or-ganizations. Although strategic management in public organiza-tions has not been as well researched as that in for-profit or business organizations, it is important for these or-ganizations as well. Personnel management of public organization is very important, because personnel is not only the most impor-tant resource of public organizations, but also the most sensitive field, therefore when managing it, it is neces-sary to invoke modern prime methods and refer to the new personnel management scientific research results. Changed creed and cultural values change personnel management methods radically. During the public man-agement reforms the main attention is paid not to tradi-tional personnel administration means, but to such, which would stimulate growth of personnel motivation, qualification, efficiency and flexibility. Strategic goal orientation in personnel management helps to find and solidify long-term personnel policy goals and, following these goals, to coordinate individual functions of personnel management. Having organised personnel management and each component of it in every specific organization in such way it is possible to achieve the best results. There are some essential problems in personnel sys-tem of public organization. The most important are the following problems: lack of motivation; status of offi-cials; lack of possibilities to pursue career and to de-velop; limitations of motivation and salary systems; automatic position preferment; limited possibilities to select personnel. Personnel management strategy is an active, long-term approach, forming a total concept of the organiza-tion, to the most common aspects of the organization per-sonnel. In its turn it is related with management strate-gies. Four versions of the connections of these strategies are possible: Personnel and management strategies exist separate from each other; Personnel strategy arises from management strategy; Management strategy arises from personnel strategy; Personnel and organization strate-gies are developed in mutual interaction and coordina-tion way.

Teaching Slavic Languages in the School

Die Slavischen Sprachen im Schulunterricht

Author(s): Dietrich Gerhardt / Language(s): / Issue: 04/1954

About the need for partnership between university and community

Despre necesitatea parteneriatului dintre universitate și comunitate

Author(s): Valeriu Frunzaru / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 186/4/2015

Keywords: university – community partnership; European Union; economic development; welfare state; resistance to change

This theoretical study addresses the partnership university – community, a reality that in Western educational area has had a history of several decades. Beyond the EU policy which requires the development of such a relationship, the mutual need for collaboration between the university and the community has begun to manifest as a result of changes in the global economy and the raise of the importance of knowledge in the development of products and services. It should be emphasized that the relationship between university and community is not restricted to economic aspects, it may approach social and civic issues as well. Moreover, we can talk about this relationship as a component of the welfare state. Although there are arguments for developing the relationship between university and community, resistance to change can be an obstacle in this regard.

Leadership Competencies Among Managers

Leadership Competencies Among Managers

Author(s): Paweł Korzynski,Anna Baczyńska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: bounded leadership; competency; intelligence; personality; influence tactic

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present the results of a survey conducted among managers (N=38) in the framework of the project “Development of the Bounded Leadership Theory”. The research juxtaposes two types of variables: (1) leadership competencies outlined in Kozminski’s theory (i.e. anticipatory, visionary, value-creating, mobilizing, self-reflection) with (2) three psychological predispositions of leaders, such as intelligence, personality and ability to influence others. The tested predispositions represented three groups: non-variable traits, or permanent characteristics (intelligence), partially variable characteristics (personality) and variable characteristics (influence tactics).Methodology: A total of 38 middle and senior managers, students of the MBA programme at Kozminski University, took part in the survey. Participants flled out a preliminary version of the Leadership Competence Questionnaire, as well as tests pertaining to intelligence, personality and influence tactics. The hypotheses were tested using Spearman’s rho correlation. The research has brought interesting results relating to the correlation between the fve tested competencies and leadership predispositions.Findings: Permanent and partly stable characteristics do not correlate with leadership competencies, i.e. a high score in leadership competencies is not necessarily synonymous with high intelligence levels or positive personality traits. Correlations have been observed between mobilization skills and influence tactics in the surveyed sample, i.e. legitimacy and personal appeals that leaders have recourse to and, in the case of value-creating competencies, an interesting correlation with legitimacy.Originality: The study constitutes an important contribution to the extant literature, as – first and foremost – it represents a new approach to the understanding of leadership competencies. Secondly, it reveals correlations between complex skills, i.e. competencies, and permanent, relatively permanent and variable characteristics of contemporary leaders. Thirdly, it is the starting point for further research on leadership competencies.

Content Analysis of the Demonstration of the Existence of God Proposed by Leibniz in 1666

Content Analysis of the Demonstration of the Existence of God Proposed by Leibniz in 1666

Author(s): Krystyna Krauze-Błachowicz / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: Leibniz; substance; physics; whole; part; definition

Leibniz’s juvenile work De arte combinatoria of 1666 included the “Proof for the Existence of God.” This proof bears a mathematical character and is constructed in line with Euclid’s pattern. I attempted to logically formalize it in 1982. In this text, on the basis of then analysis and the contents of the proof, I seek to show what concept of substance Leibniz used on behalf of the proof. Besides, Leibnizian conception of the whole and part as well as Leibniz’s definitional method have been reconstructed here.

Gendered Histories/Memories of Labour in (Post-)Communist Romania and Former Czechoslovakia Illuminated through Artistic Production

Gendered Histories/Memories of Labour in (Post-)Communist Romania and Former Czechoslovakia Illuminated through Artistic Production

Author(s): Maria-Alina Asavei,Jiří Kocian / Language(s): English / Issue: 8 (22)/2017

Keywords: gendered labour; women’s work; gendered histories; feminist art; women’s memories

This paper addresses a lacuna in the history and memory of (post-) communist women’s labour. It aims to investigate how and to what ends the artistic production from Romania and the former Czechoslovakia illuminate “forgotten” histories of women’s labour, reclaiming at the same time a public sphere where “Her-stories” and labour-related memories can be materialized for critical-political ends. In the cultural memory of the transition from communism to democracy and capitalism, certain lieux de mémoire (places of memory) have been preserved and materialized in official cultural formats, whereas other places of memory (both physical and mental) aredisregarded and condemned to become lieux d’oubli (sites of forgetting). More often than not, both in the Romanian and the former Czechoslovakian context, the histories and memories of women’s labour are deemed “unworthy” of remembrance and tend to be obscured from the official cultures of remembrance and their institutions. As this paper argues, although the official narratives of various work environments from Eastern European regions tend to conceal the presence of women and lack a comprehensive historiography on women and gender some artistic productions enact “feminist counter-narratives” and counter-memories for political ends. We claim that the political dimension of these artistic productions should not be underestimated. These feminist artworks attempt to combine a politics of memory, activism, a history from below, and artistry to reach political ambitions. At a theoretical level, this paper is informed by Amy Mullin’s considerations on feminist artistic production and the political imagination. Infeminist art, which attempts to revive the memory of women’s labour, the political imagination plays a crucial role in fostering community knowledge and experiential knowledge through simultaneously envisioning more equitable futures (economical, political, social) for both men and women.

POLISH, GERMAN AND FRENCH EXAMPLES OF THE APPLICATION OF ACTIO PAULIANA TO TAX OBLIGATIONS. REFLECTIONS ON THE SENSE OF THE DIVISION INTO PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LAW

POLISH, GERMAN AND FRENCH EXAMPLES OF THE APPLICATION OF ACTIO PAULIANA TO TAX OBLIGATIONS. REFLECTIONS ON THE SENSE OF THE DIVISION INTO PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LAW

Author(s): Rafał Szczepaniak,Marcin Krzymuski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: Actio Pauliana; tax obligations; public law; private law;

The inspiration to write the article was the judgment of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal of 2018 confirming the possibility of applying Actio Pauliana to tax obligations. This issue is focused on typical problems for the application of private law in the public sector. It is, among other things, the sense of division into public and private law. Actio Pauliana is included in private law, while tax law is included in public law. The author agrees with the ruling of the Polish Constitutional Court. He is an opponent of overestimating the importance of division into public and private law. The article uses the formal-dogmatic method as well as the comparative law method. The author also discusses the legal status in France and Germany in this respect.

Question of God – Today

Question of God – Today

Author(s): Gerhard Ludwig Müller / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: God; Existence; Faith; Revelation; Critique of Religion

Contemporary atheism, which has its roots in the Enlightenment as well as in the 18th and 19th-century critique of religion, differs from the historically more distant forms of negating God's existence or His effectiveness in the world. These approaches assume that the human intellect has freed itself from the Dark Ages of metaphysics and theology of revelation to find its natural state in immanentism and secularism. In this way, the non-existence of God becomes unquestionable, because He is nothing more than an imaginary being, whose existence cannot be proved empirically or granted an a priori status. At the same time, some prominent thinkers challenge the conceptual viability of positivism. Their arguments pertain to the intellectual and existential questions that are inseparable from the spiritual nature of the human being. They also point to the argumentative conviction that the human being displays a predilection to investigate the transcendent origin and purpose of the world. Reference to God allows a reappraisal of the historical evidence of the historical act of God's revealing Himself through Jesus Christ. Faith in God, who is present in the world, gives hope even in the face of death, as Dietrich Bonhoeffer confessed shortly before his execution by the godless Nazis.

Improving the Engineering Students’ Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy through a Specialised Course – A Way to Improve Startup Management

Improving the Engineering Students’ Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy through a Specialised Course – A Way to Improve Startup Management

Author(s): Andrei DUMITRESCU / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale; entrepreneurship course; startup management;

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is considered a reliable indicator of the entrepreneurial intentions. In order to measure the entrepreneurial self-efficacy, several scales were developed. These scales are used also to measure the efficiency of entrepreneurship study programmes, but were not used for individual courses until now. This paper presents the results of application of an entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale to measure the increase of entrepreneurial self-efficacy of engineering students after completing an entrepreneurship course in a technical university. The course lead to a significant increase of entrepreneurial self-efficacy overall, but also on all considered factors and items. It was observed a gender difference at the beginning of the course and also a gender difference in the increase of self-efficacy. An interesting finding was that for a certain factor it was noted a regress in self-efficacy for few students. Because those students thought the process was simpler than it is in reality and after acknowledging the complexity of the process, they felt unconfident.

1920 – A Caesura in Social Theory?

1920 – A Caesura in Social Theory?

Author(s): William Outhwaite / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2020

Keywords: Max Weber; Germany; social theory; generations

The centenary of Max Weber’s death raises the question of the wider significance of 1920 as marking a break in the history of social theory. This essay focuses on Germany and Austria, where the political break with the past was particularly sharp and the discontinuities in the social and intellectual configuration of the social sciences were most obvious. Three trends are particularly striking: the development of neo-Marxist social theory with György Lukács and Karl Korsch and the later emergence of critical theory, the polarization between neo-positivism and interpretive sociology, and the consolidation of the sociology of knowledge.

The Doomsday Scenario Depicted by Frau Ava: The Question of Sources

Pasaulio pabaigos scenarijus pagal Frau Avą. Šaltinių klausimas

Author(s): Aleksej Burov / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 38(43)/2020

Keywords: Frau Ava; The Last Judgement; sources;

The present article explores an excerpt depicting the scenario of the last days in the poem Das Jüngste Gericht (Eng. The Last Judgement), written by the first-named German female writer Frau Ava (circa 1060–1127). The study addresses the question of sources used in the depiction of the end times in the excerpt under consideration (lines 1–160). The study does not question the affinity between the scenes of the last days illustrated in the excerpt and the apocalyptic plot of the Latin texts of Pseudo-Beda (the turn of the 12th century) and Petrus Daminanus (1006–1072); however, it is assumed that Frau Ava may have drawn not only on the aforementioned Latin sources but also on the apocalyptic song Muspilli, written by an anonymous author circa 870. The analysis of the excerpt suggests that the apocalyptic narrative of Muspilli may have shaped the scene of the fifteenth day illustrated in the poem The Last Judgement. Moreover, Frau Ava, unlike Pseudo-Beda and Petrus Daminanus, does not refer to St. Jerome as a source of information but to wisten (Eng. wise men). As no evidence of other German apocalyptic texts referring to wise men, except for Muspilli, can be found, the study concludes that depicting the scenario of the last days in her poem, in addition to the Latin texts, Frau Ava used the song Muspilli as her source.

German Nationalism and Its Influence on the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland 1917–1939

German Nationalism and Its Influence on the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland 1917–1939

Author(s): Filip Lipiński / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: Church; Lutheran; Poland; German nationalism; Nazi movement; Second Polish Republic

The roots of German nationalism among members of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland are bound with the activity of German authorities who tried to separate the German community in the occupied Kingdom of Poland during the First World War. German nationalism of the era was based on religious, social, and political factors, such as the idea of a unified German nation both within and outside of the German Reich. According to this idea, the German state was to be the defender of the German people worldwide. Such ideas woke the separatist tendencies inside the Augsburg Church. The political situation in the Second Polish Republic and spread of the national socialist ideology in the 1930s increased the separatist tendencies in the Church and led to a conflict with its pro-governmental Consistory and the General Superintendent, later Bishop Juliusz Bursche.

Conversational marketing as a framework for interaction with the customer: Development & validation of the conversational agent's usage scale

Conversational marketing as a framework for interaction with the customer: Development & validation of the conversational agent's usage scale

Author(s): Khalil Israfilzade / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2021

Keywords: Conversational marketing; artificial intelligence; anthropomorphism; human-computer interaction; conversational agent;

Conversational agents are becoming an essential part of a growing number of personal and commercial encounters, bringing the issue of Conversational Marketing to a broader audience. A conversational agent is a developing technology that will be used in various fields throughout life, including e-commerce. The common characteristics of any conversational agent in whatever area are their capacity to engage in one-to-one personalised real-time dialogue with a human user and their availability 24 hours a day. Scale items for conversational agent phenomena have not been created scientifically or managerially in a business environment. The primary goal of this study was to develop and validate a new scale for conversational agents that could be used to quantify individual interactions in conversational marketing. As a result, the creation of a new scale for conversational agents with the objective of measuring individual customer interactions in conversational marketing was separated into two phases: Scale Development and Scale Validation. The Conversational Agent Usage Scale was developed and validated as a consequence of pilot studies. Additionally, this article discusses the practical consequences of conversational marketing, which can now be accomplished through the use of the Conversational Agent Usage Scale, which may be used by Customer Service & Support, Marketing, and Sales departments.

READING DIDEROT’S NOVELS AND CORRESPONDENCE: WHAT CAN THIS PHILOSOPHER TEACH US ABOUT THE EDUCATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE?

READING DIDEROT’S NOVELS AND CORRESPONDENCE: WHAT CAN THIS PHILOSOPHER TEACH US ABOUT THE EDUCATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE?

Author(s): Odile Richard-Pauchet / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: Diderot; education; children; Encyclopedia; correspondence; fiction; ethics; modernity

This study deals with the contemporary relevance of Diderot’s ideas in matters of education. Neither a treatise nor an essay, Diderot’s practical observations are scattered throughout his letter correspondence and his fictional novels. According to our enquiry, the more physiological aspects are dealt with in the Encyclopedia. We will see that Diderot’s position is unconventional but does not necessarily follow in Rousseau’s wake. He rather tries to reach a fair balance between freedom and duty, focusing on women and sexual emancipation.