Search results for: Gerhardt Csejka in All Content

Bibliographie deutscher Arbeiten zur Rezeptions- und Wirkungsästhetik, Semiotik der Literatur, Textlinguistik und zur Neueren Rhetorikforschung

Bibliographie deutscher Arbeiten zur Rezeptions- und Wirkungsästhetik, Semiotik der Literatur, Textlinguistik und zur Neueren Rhetorikforschung

Author(s): Walter Kroll / Language(s): German / Issue: 0/1977

Bibliographie deutscher Arbeiten zur Rezeptions- und Wirkungsästhetik, Semiotik der Literatur, Textlinguistik und zur Neueren Rhetorikforschung

Reviews

Besprechungen

Author(s): Joachim Bahlcke,Ernst D. Petritsch,Thomas Wünsch,Immo Eberl,Gábor Egry,Uwe Dathe / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2003

Keywords: Transylvania; reviews; social sciencies; humanities; East-Central Europe; Southeastern Europe

Reviews of books relevant to transylvanian studies, including mainly scientific works referring to subjects connected with Transylvania from social sciencies and humanities. Works about the broader region of east-central and southeastern Europe are included as well.

Delimitations in the Writing of the History of Central-European Historiography of Enlightenment. Guide Marks - Directions - Contemporary Tendencies

Despre istoria istoriografiei iluministe central-europene. Direcţii - repere - tendinţe contemporane

Author(s): Laura Stanciu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2007

Keywords: Central-European Historiography; Mitteleuropean Historiography; European Enlightenment; Transylvanian Enlightenment; Transylvanian School; Writing of the History; Historiographic Discourse; Historical Writing; Contemporary Tendencies

The woman writer of the study starts from the idea that a work upon the Transylvanian Enlightenment cannot be drawn upon without the placement of the projected research into a credible frame, that is to say into a context meant to circumstize the Transylvanian Enlightenment phenomenon and the way in which it was related to proximal or more distant models. The image outlined in this way offers the possibility to adequate the Romanian historiographic phenomenon to the European one and not only the European one. As it was noticed, the first obstacle that cae into being was the domain diversity, but a sum of the Enlightenment Mitteleuropean historiography depending on the methodological and thematical orientation is also recommended to be done. We have therefore in view a research field in continuous expansion and diversification. The weakness of this historiography is the relative high degree of theorization through the apparent theme’s generality. There are classical works, most of them being considered overdone, but they approached a real research programme through remarkable, and therefore nuanced and elaborate texts. They represent a key of reading that is necessary for each diligent person interested in the study of the Enlightenment historiography. The study suggests a projection upon the genres, tendencies and especially plurality of this historiography. The references on the Enlightenment historiography in Central Europe and the focus on the Enlightenment historiography from Transylvania are both equally legitimate for understanding the context in which the Transylvanian School (Şcoala Ardeleană) developed. This concern was imposed by a necessary correction of the simplified vision upon the regional Enlightenment historiography, to which the above mentioned phenomenon belonged. The manifestations employed by the Transylvanian School illustrated the Central-European historiography, that is to say a provincial historiography, that was not a simple local reflexion of some general tendencies, but the fundamental and constitutive part of a general historiography. The author’s wish was that of understanding the plurality of these historiographic tendencies at the level of methodological approaches. They inevitably orientated the Transylvanian Enlightenment research through the problems, method and type of analysis that were suggested. The author tries to mark a general outline of a group picture for the way in which different historiographies on themes and directions of research came into being in the European Enlightenment historiography, the problems of the phenomenon are evaluated and the Transylvanian Enlightenment was contextualised in the tonality of this historiographic discourse. The incursion that has been suggested is not at all an exhaustive one.

Book Reviews

Recenze

Author(s): Martin Brabec,Zdeněk R. Nešpor,Marek Německý,Pavel Machonin,Dagmar Marková,Lukáš Novotný / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 04/2006

Johann P. Arnason: Civilizations in Dispute. Historical Questions and Theoretical Traditions Leiden, Boston, Brill 2003, 381 s. Jan Hendl: Kvalitativní výzkum. Základní metody a aplikace Praha, Portál 2005, 408 s. Jiří Musil, Ivo Bayer, Hynek Jeřábek, Petr Mareš, Libor Prudký, Markéta Sedláčková, Tomáš Sirovátka, Jiří Šafr: Pojetí sociální soudržnosti v soudobé sociologii a politologii Praha, FSV UK CESES 2004, 82 s. Martin Fafejta: Úvod do sociologie pohlaví a sexuality Věrovany, Jan Piszkiewicz 2004, 160 s. Marek Hrubec (ed.): Globální spravedlnost a demokracie Praha, Filosofia 2005, 355 s. Giovanni Sartori: Pluralismus, multikulturalismus a přistěhovalci. Esej o multietnické společnosti Praha, Dokořán 2005, 134 s. Paul Heelas, Linda Woodhead (ve spolupráci s B. Steelem, B. Szerszynskim a K. Tustingovou): The Spiritual Revolution. Why Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality Malden, MA, Oxford, Blackwell Publishers 2005, 204 s.

Foreign Policy and High Finance

Auswärtige Politik und Hochfinanz

Author(s): Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Thimme / Language(s): German / Issue: 06/1929

Keywords: Paul. H. von Schwabach;

from the papers of Paul. H. von Schwabach

DIVINE (FORE)KNOWLEDGE, FREEDOM AND THE BEST OF ALL POSSIBLE WORLDS: DOMINICANS, JESUITS AND G. W. LEIBNIZ

BOŽÍ VĚDĚNÍ, SVOBODA A NEJLEPŠÍ MOŽNÝ SVĚT: DOMINIKÁNI, JEZUITÉ A G. W. LEIBNIZ

Author(s): David Svoboda / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2008

Keywords: Divine knowledge; Freedom of indifference; The best possible world; Second scholastic

The paper deals with three different concepts of Divine knowledge (Dominican’s, Jesuits’, Leibniz’), as well as with the relationships of these doctrines to the problem of self-determination and to the Divine choice of the best possible worlds. Firstly, three different concepts of Divine knowledge are explained and the emphasis is put on the impact of the scholastic’s tradition on Leibniz’s conception of Divine knowledge. Secondly, some relations and links among the three different concepts of Divine knowledge and the doctrine of self-determination are brought to light and evaluated. Thirdly, the author shows how strongly was Leibniz’s concept of the necessitas moralis Dei ad optimum influenced by the the Sevillian Jesuits’ school.

Les pupilles de l’Université Le principe de raison et l’idée de l’Université

Les pupilles de l’Université Le principe de raison et l’idée de l’Université

Author(s): Jacques Derrida / Language(s): French / Issue: 3-4/1-2/1997

Initia Metatphysica of Leibniz's philosophy of language

Initia Metatphysica Leibnizove filozofije jezika

Author(s): Zoran Kravar / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 03-05/1974

Prava tema Leibnizove filozofije jezika nije jezik nego korelacija jezika i svijesti. Valja još napomenuti da ta korelacija nije uspostavljena kao odnos dviju samostalnih cjelina ili kao odnos dvaju nesamostainih a uzajamno povezanih dijelova neke obuhvatnije cjeline, već kao odnos dijela i cjeline. Za Leibniza je jezik, prema tome, osobit dio cjelokupnoga sadržaja svijesti, preciznije rečeno, pa na kraju i na mogućnost teoretske diobe u njegovoj kompleksnoj strukturi.

Reviews

Recenzijos

Author(s): Ieva Šenavičienė,Dainius Junevičius,Christine Schiller,Reda Griškaitė,Roma Bončkutë,Tomas Andriukonis,Regina Venckutė,Gertrud Bense,Manfred Klein,Algirdas Sabaliauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 13/2011

Review of: Algirdas Sabaliauskas - Purpura iszganima mukos Iezusa, pagal rankraštį parengė ir teksto mokslinį tyrimą parašė Aleksas Girdenis Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2009, 394 p. ISBN 978-9955-33-508-5 Manfred Klein - Danielius Kleinas ir jo epocha. Straipsnių rinkinys. Bibliotheca Archivi Lithuanici 9, parengė Artūras Judžentis Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2010, 266 S. ISSN 1648-3294, ISBN 978-9955-33-658-7 Gertrud Bense - Guido Michelini, Jono Berento Jß naujo pérweizdėtos ir pagérintos Giesmû Knygos. Mörlino traktato pritaikymas poezijoje Vilnius: Lietuvos mokslų akademijos leidykla, 2010, 230 S. ISBN 978-9986-08-049-7 Regina Venckutė - Lauryno Ivinskio lenkų–lietuvių kalbų žodynas, parengė Ona Kažukauskaitė Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2010, XLVI p., 524 p. ISBN 978-609-411-052-8 Tomas Andriukonis - Paulius Subačius, Antanas Baranauskas. Gyvenimo tekstas ir tekstų gyvenimai Vilnius: Aidai, 2010, 318 p. ISBN 978-9955-656-77-7 Roma Bončkutė - Silvestras Gimžauskas, Pamokslai, parengė Paulius Subačius ir Renata Taučiūtė Vilnius: Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademija, 2010, 610 p. ISBN 978-9986-592-65-5 Roma Bončkutė - Ieva Šenavičienė, Lietuvos katalikų dvasininkija 1863 metų sukilimo išvakarėse Vilnius: Eugrimas, 2010, 350 p. ISBN 978-609-437-070-0 Reda Griškaitė - Giedrius Subačius, Lietuvių kalbos ekspertai Rusijos imperijos tarnyboje: Dmitrijus Kaširinas, Zacharijus Liackis, Andrius Poidėnas Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2011, 459 p., iliustr., faks. ISBN 978-609-411-043-6 Christiane Schiller - Zigmas Zinkevičius, Lietuviškas paveldas Suvalkų ir Augustavo krašto Lenkijoje pavardėse. Polonizacijos apybraiža Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras, 2010, 110 S. ISBN 978-5-420-01670-1 Ieva Šenavičienė, Dainius Junevičius - Prelato Povilo Januševičiaus fotografijų kolekcija, albumas nr. 7. Sic dictas photographias..., parengė Vilma Žaltauskaitė Vilnius: Mintis, 2010, 248 p. ISBN 978–5-417–01013–2

Modern Studies of Morphological and Cultural Aspects of Artificial Head Deformation Custom in Traditional Cultures of World’s Nations

Современные исследования морфологических и культурных аспектов обычая искусственной деформации головы в традиционных культурах народов мира

Author(s): Maria A. Balabanova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2017

Keywords: artificial deformation of the skull; craniometrical signs; cranioscopic signs; pathological condition; ring deformation; fronto-occipital deformation; Incas; Sarmatians; Alans

The custom of premeditated deformation of the head is one of the forms of modification of the human body which is well diagnosed on skeletal material and also described in the scientific literature. Different nations from all continents have been practicing it since ancient times until now. The earliest and well dated evidential archeological finds of the skulls with the traces of deliberate deformation can be referred to XII millennium BC and were found in the Near East. In connection with the custom of premeditated deformation of the head, different issues have been raised by the Russian and foreign scientists. The results of their research, as well as the analysis of the available ethnographic literature about nations practicing this custom, allow to identify a number of similar aspects. First of all, these are close behavioral and sociocultural motives. The effect of the deforming structure on the growing child’s head was also the same and depended on the type of deformation. The changeability of craniometric and cranioscopic signs under the pressure of a deforming structure is almost not debated by different researchers. The influence of deformation on the health is also discussed and all authors come to the conclusion that it has a small pathological effect which is compatible with a healthy lifestyle.

The ancient exploration of the Danube, 8th – 1st centuries BC.

Antické poznávanie Dunaja od 8. storočia pred n. l. do 1. storočia n. l.

Author(s): Michal Habaj / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: Danube; Antiquity; Ancient geography; Herodotos; Augustus;

The Danube was one of the most important rivers in ancient geography. Its upper and middle course divided the Romans from the tribes to the north, while its lower course separated the Greek world from the Scythians. In ancient thought it was not only a real natural barrier, but also the boundary of the oikumené, the meeting place between the civilized world and the mythical north. The study considers the phases of the process of discovering the Danube from its first mentions until Augustus, when its whole length was known as a result of Roman expansion. The whole process of exploration is evaluated on the basis of ancient sources, epigraphy and archaeological finds. Relevant events are mentioned, and the sources of various ideas and traditions are analysed.

The Attitude of East German Citizens towards the German Reunification and Resettlements to Germany in the Light of Secret Opinion Polls (Autumn 1989 – Spring 1990)

Obywatele Niemiec Wschodnich wobec zjednoczenia niemiecko-niemieckiego i przesiedleń do RFN w świetle tajnych badań opinii publicznej (jesień 1989 – wiosna 1990)

Author(s): Małgorzata Świder / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 28/2020

Keywords: German reunification; West Germany; East Germany; Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND); opinion polls; 1990; H.-G. Wieck;

During the socio-political breakthrough (autumn 1989–spring 1990), institutions in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany conducted public opinion polls aimed at finding out the opinion of East German society on current, often polarising, topics. The leading issues included the attitude of East German citizens to the reunification of Germany and the problem of increased departures to Germany. Of course, the research was not limited to these two issues, but contained a whole range of other questions that allowed the views and political activity of GDR society in late 1989 and early 1990 to be examined. The study is based on archival materials produced by the Federal Intelligence Service (Bundesnachrichtendienst) and deposited in the Federal Archives in Koblenz (Bundesarchiv), as well as materials from the GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences collections available online. These are supplemented by German-language literature.

The draft of a comprehensive reform of the German Civil Code (BGB) with regard to Vormundschaftsrecht – the current state of affairs

Projekt kompleksowej reformy niemieckiego kodeksu cywilnego w zakresie Vormundschaftsrecht – stan aktualny

Author(s): Aldona Rita Jurewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: German family law reform; German private law;

The paper discusses the 2nd working draft of government’s bill of reform of Guardianship Law (2. Diskussionteilentwurf ). The fundamental concept of the reform is an overall remodeling of the legal structure of the Civil Code regulations, de-bureaucratization of the requirements regarding custody of the ward’s property, his/her empowerment, introduction of the privilege to choose a non-compensated Guardian before the other types of Guardians with the simultaneous abolition of the subsidiarity principle and the cancellation of the Gegenvormund institution (a form of control authority for the supervision of Guardian).

Celebrare Romam, celebrare imperatorem, celebrare patriam: History and Memory in the Panegyrici Latini (3rd – 4th c. AD)

Celebrare Romam, celebrare imperatorem, celebrare patriam: istorie și memorie în Panegyrici Latini (sec. III-IV p. Chr.)

Author(s): Nelu Zugravu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 52/2019

Keywords: historia; memoria; Panegyrici Latini; Rome; emperor; patria; Late Antiquity;

The fundamental objective of the Gallo-Roman panegyrici from the 3rd-4th centuries was the praise of the sovereign, respectively the hyperbolization of his facts,especially military, of his generosity, of his virtues. Laudatio principis was most often associated with laudatio Vrbis, between the emperors and Rome existing an indestructible connection. Finally, in celebration of the sovereign and Rome, the Gallo-Roman panegyrists joined enthusiastic amor patriae. Thus, princeps-Vrbs-patria are the dominant landmarks of praise. Related to the celebratory atmosphere mentioned and to the connection between memory and history, the panegyrici perform a triple function:they commemorate an inheritance, a tradition, a vetus memory (pre-imperial), dominant, an inexhaustible source of exempla and praxeis, and another recens (imperial), less represented; they relate a contemporary history; they create and disseminate a new exemplary past, a new memory. The connecting element of these three plans is represented by the sovereign, who, uniting in his virtutes and res gestae the emblematic past and the almost miraculous present, guarantees the eternity and continuity of Rome and its empire. Thus, as many former exegetes have already pointed out, panegyrists create and disseminate an official, altered, "quasi-fictional", ideologized history, in which memory and history have their particular mission – one conferring authority, the other –legitimacy.

New archaeological research at the Roman fort from Câmpulung (Pescăreasa, Jidova location) (2010– 2015)

Noi cercetări arheologice din castrul de la Câmpulung (Pescăreasa, punct Jidova) (2010–2015)

Author(s): Constantin C. Petolescu,Florian Matei-Popescu,Ion Dumitrescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 17/2021

Keywords: Roman Dacia; Dacia Inferior; limes transalutanus; Roman fort; Câmpulung;

Recent archaeological excavations carried out between 2010 and 2015 in the central area of the Câmpulung Roman fort (latus praetorii dextrum) indicated that the small double apse building with underfloor heating located between the headquarters and the granary, was a later construction, dated towards the middle of the 3rd century CE. Prior to its construction, a timber building existed on the spot, a possible timber granary (horreum), judging by its dimensions (33 × 9 m2), comparable with the size of the stone granary. Such timber granaries are common within the Roman auxiliary forts, especially during the earth-timber construction phases. This timber granary was destroyed by fire sometime during or after the reign of Severus Alexander. The area was covered with gravel and the double apse building was constructed, along with a well (?) in front of it; unfortunately, it is impossible, up to this moment, to establish its function.

Nicholas of Cusa and the Dialectics of the Living Mirror

Николай от Куза и диалектиката на „живото огледало“

Author(s): Lydia Kondova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 28/2022

Keywords: Nicholas of Cusa; G. W. Leibniz; learned ignorance; mystical theology; symbolic theology; dialectics; speculation; living mirror

The main aim of this article is to provoke research interest in a rather undeveloped part of Cusan symbolic theology, namely – the mirror metaphor. Its persistent reappearance, together with its compatibility with the broad philosophical context of his system, allows us to assume that for the Cardinal himself this symbol functioned as an additional “key” to the final goal of the learned ignorance – the mystical ascent to the infinite. In order to elucidate this alternative approach, the article examines the images of the mirror, the living mirror, and the perfect living mirror as metaphor’s manifestations on the three general ontological levels – respectively, nature, human, and God. The following comparison of Cusan and Leibnizian uses of the metaphor allows us to conclude that, while the Cardinal’s symbols often “tempt” into drawing parallels between him and the Early Modern philosophy, his views are better understood as independent and should be freed from the prejudices of his protomodernity. This final claim is argued not in terms of the symbol used, but in terms of the motivation behind it.

EXAMINATION OF DEFENSE DEVICES, PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS, AND MMPI CLINICAL SUB-DIMENSIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS LIVING IN TRAUMATIC GRIEF IN TERMS OF VARIOUS VARIABLES

TRAVMATİK YAS YAŞAYAN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SAVUNMA DÜZENEKLERİ, PSİKOLOJİK BELİRTİLERİ VE MMPI KLİNİK ALT BOYUTLARININ ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Mahsum Avci / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 24/2022

Keywords: Traumatic Grief; Psychological Symptoms; MMPI Clinical Subdimensions;

The aim of this study is to examine the traumatic grief severity, defense mechanisms, psychological symptoms, MMPI clinical sub-dimensions of university students experiencing traumatic grief in terms of various variables. Gender, place of residence, perceived economic level, whether the parents are alive or not, who the deceased is, the cause of death of the deceased, the thought of ending life after the loss, the marital status of the deceased, and whether or not to seek professional help after the loss were included in the study. The research group consists of 15 university students with traumatic grief. Criter sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used as the data collection method. Descriptive analyzes were used in the analysis of the data. In the given analysis, descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation analysis technique was used to examine the relationship between variables. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the MMPI subscale, Hs dimension and D dimension scores of the girls were higher than the boys. It is seen that those who live in big cities have higher additional scale scores than those who live in villages, while those who perceive their income as upper and middlelower have higher Neurotic Defense dimension scores than those who perceive their income as medium. Those whose mothers are not alive; A significant difference was found in the scores of the Traumatic Grief Scale. On the other hand, when the father’s condition of being alive or not is compared; There was a significant difference in the signs of interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid thoughts and general symptom index, those with healthy fathers used Immature Defense and Mature Defense more than those whose fathers were alive, and those whose fathers were alive or not; It was determined that there was a significant difference in the MA dimension values of the MMPI. Those who lost their sibling had higher Immature Defense dimension scores than those who lost their father and mother, and those whose relatives died due to illness had higher Mf dimension values than those whose relatives died due to traffic accident and suicide. Those who thought of ending their life after the loss had higher scores on the MF subscale and PA dimension of the Minnesota Multidimensional Personality Inventory, and those who received professional help after the loss had higher anxiety scores than those who did not. On the other hand, the disappeared person is married and single; It was determined that there was a significant difference in the SI dimension values of MMPI.

Cognitive impairment, pain, distress, and impaired social functioning in pediatric cancer patients and psychological interventions regarding these areas: A systematic review

Pediatrik kanser hastalarında bilişsel bozukluk, ağrı, sıkıntı ve sosyal işlevsellikte bozulma ve bu alanlara yönelik psikolojik müdahaleler: Sistematik gözden geçirme

Author(s): Merve Aydin,Özden Yalçınkaya Alkar / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Cancer; pediatrics; cognitive impairment; pain; distress; social functioning;

Cancer is one of the most common childhood and adolescent diseases. Around 200,000 children and adolescents are diagnosed with cancer each year worldwide; also, frequently seen cancer types vary according to the different age groups. Nowadays, the survival rates of pediatric cancer patients are increasing gradually with developing treatment methods. However, problems such as pain, distress, cognitive impairment, and social functioning impairment due to diagnosis, hospitalization or treatment may affect the health and well-being of patients. Concordantly, this article aims to address cognitive impairment, pain, distress, and social functioning impairments due to cancer and treatment as the areas where pediatric cancer patients often have problems with a systematic review method. Therefore, 1265 articles were reached by using "cognitive impairment", "pain", "distress", "social function", "social isolation", "social skills", "childhood/pediatric cancer", and "intervention" as keywords in the articles published between 2003-2021 by PubMed, ScienceDirect, Sage Journals, and Cochrane Library databases. 50 articles out of 1265 articles were included in the review according to the criteria of “articles published in Turkish or English between 2003-2021", "participants are between 0-19 years old and diagnosed with cancer". These articles were reviewed and face-to-face, computer and internet-based contemporary psychological intervention studies for each problem area were explained. Sources about computer-based and internet-based interventions and using them in real life are important for providing psychological support for nonimune patients who cannot leave the hospital room or home. Finally, the discussion and conclusion parts offer suggestions that may shed light on future studies and highlight important results in the literature.

Shame in the Clash of Two “Normals”: The Case of Covid-19 in Tasmania

Sramota u sudaru dveju „normalnosti“: slučaj kovida-19 na Tasmaniji

Author(s): Vladimira Ilić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: shame; fear; normality; Covid-19; Tasmania

This paper deals with the general question of what a segment of sociocultural reality in the capital of Tasmania looked like over the time span from the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in China up to Australia's lockdown in mid-March 2020, or more specifically, what took place in direct, daily contacts between people, in the meeting or clash of coexisting incongruous behavioral norms – the “old” (habitual up until then) and the “new” (modified due to the crisis) patterns of interpersonal behavior. In this period of health and social crises, which is here termed liminal, shame was generated. It arose as an emotional reaction to the discrepancy between the thinking, feeling and behavior of interviewees and the thinking, feeling and behavior of members of their social environment, a discrepancy that became apparent in the course of their mutual interactions and whose object was a different emotion – fear. The fieldwork was conducted in mid-2020 in Hobart, in the form of semi-structured interviews with several immigrants from the states of the former Yugoslavia. As it was aimed at studying their fear, and only in second place their feeling of shame, in this paper I have limited myself to a narrative interpretation of the origins and object of shame, with the intention of, on the one hand, highlighting the principal factors in the construction of shame and, on the other, examining what it was in connection with fear that aroused shame in the given context. It was noted that, among other things, shame was culturally generated in the given interactions which occurred within secondary relationships and specific environmental contexts and, still more broadly, as part of the crisis caused by the general spread of the virus, and that, as the object of shame, fear emerged as an inappropriate emotion, initially in the sense of the disproportion between the intensity of fear and its object (i.e. the threat posed by the virus).

International jurisdiction in insolvency matters in EU

Jurysdykcja krajowa w sprawach upadłościowych w prawie Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Marek Szydło / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1-2/2009

Keywords: bankruptcy regulations; national jurisdiction; European Communities law; bankruptcy proceedings; venue of litigation

In the case of cross-border insolvency proceedings the international jurisdiction in the European Union is determined by the uniform criterion that isaccording to Article 3 of the Regulation No 1346/2000-the centre of a debtor’s main interests (COMI). The COMI has to be understood as a place which is considered by third parties (especially by the creditors) to be the place of today’s and current administration of a debtor’s main activity By choosing COMI as a relevant criterion the Community legislator wanted to ensure that international jurisdiction in insolvency matters: 1) will be situated in a place that is easily and transparently perceived (and identified) by third parties, 2) is based on circumstances that are not easily susceptible to arbitrary manipulations on the part of the debtor (so as to prevent forum shopping), and 3) is located only in one single Member State (the focus is to avoid concurrent jurisdictions). The abovementioned values and interests are at the same time the steering principles that govern the interpretation of individual notions that are contained in the expression „COMI” („centre”, „main”, „interests”).