In this article it is attempted to survey historical developments from 379 through 568 A. D. in the territory of the two southern Pannonian Roman provinces established under the Emperor Diocletian, i.e. Pannonia Secunda or Sirmiensis and Pannonia Savia.
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Džordž Stajner: HERMENEUTIČKI PROCES Srđan Srdić: RELATIVNOST I NEDOKUČIVE ALTERNATIVE Neda Mandić: HLADNA ENERGIJA PINČOVOG SIMULAKRUMA Daniela Lib: ČITANjE IZ PERSPEKTIVE POSTKOLONIJALNE TEORIJE
More...Keywords: France; Montenegro; Viala de Somier; travel memoirs
The text provides a brief summary of the travel memoirs of French colo¬nel Viala de Somier about Montenegro. Author analyzes Somier’s remarks about Montenegro from the aspect of French attitude towards this country by illustrating the most interesting parts of the travel memoirs which closely determine the literary intentions of the writer.
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Keywords: Codex Cumanicus; Medieval Oriental studies; European historiography
This study is the first attempt in academic literature to provide a more comprehensive summary of the history of research, the essence, structure and significance of Codex Cumanicus as a unique monument of Medieval practical Oriental studies and an invaluable source not only on a linguistic, but on a cultural and historical plane as well. Attention has been paid to the idea of the Cumans in early European historiography, particularly in the works of outstanding 18th century scholars like V. N. Tatishchev, G. Pray, J. Thunmann, J. C. Engel, D. Cornides, P. F. Suhm and A. L. Schlözer, among others. The study covers the period between the publication of the first part of the Codex by J. Klaproth and the complete edition published by Count Géza Kuun, when people like A. Kunick, M. Pogodin, H. Howorth, R. Roesler, P. Bourchakov and O. Blau wrote on the matter of the Cumans. There is a review of G. Kuun's contributions and the subsequent publications on the Codex by E. Teza, W. Radloff, C. Frati, W. Bang and C. Salemann, as well of the research on various aspects of this source on the part of J. Németh, J. Grzegorzewski, A. Samoilovich, T. Kowalski, S. E. Malov, D. Rasovskij, K. Grønbech, G. Györffy, A. Zajączkowski, A. Gabain, A. Tietze, N. Baskakov, A. Kuryshzhanov, D. Monchi-Zadeh, A. Bodrogligeti, L. Bazin, L. Ligeti, V. Drimba, M. Mollova, D. Drüll and Y. Dashkevich, among others.
More...Keywords: Repertory of spiritually beneficial tales; motifs; indices
The article is print publication of the computer version of "Repertoire of pateric tales" available in Internet at http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~wortley/intro.html
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Keywords: Polish bishops; Polish abbots
The tenth part of the cycle for Source extracts for the biography of the Polish bishops and abbots from the time of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Partitions of Poland is entirely dedicated to the testimonies of the ordination of bishop representatives of the Old Polish Catholic episcopate at various times and circumstances. These testimonia consecrationis were taken from different categories of sources-primarily from (acta sacrarum functionum), from the books acta episcopalia, acta actorum capituli, records of informative process concerning bishoprics, from correspondence and diaries-only unpublished. These testimonies refer to the group of 195 hierarchs (including 11 of the Greek Catholic rite, 2 the Armenian Catholic Rite and the rest-the Latin rite), but when it comes to particular centuries these testimonies are presented as follows: 15th. – 4, 16th. – 7, 17th – 43, 18th – 91, 19th – 50. So far, there has been no information where and when a large number of bishops were consecrated, so the following work, presenting substantial portion of factual data acquired directly from archive material, contributes enormously to the state of research on this issue.
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Wilfried HARTMANN, Kenneth PENNINGTON (eds.), The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500 (Daniel Oltean) Stephanos EFTHYMIADIS, The Ashgate Research Companion to Byzantine Hagiography. Volume II : Genres and Contexts (Christos Papavarnavas) Maddalena BETTI, The Making of Christian Moravia (858 – 882): Papal Power and Political Reality (Vladimír Vavřínek) Luděk GALUŠKA, Hledání původu. Od avarských bronzů ke zlatu Velké Moravy/ Search for the origin. From Avar bronze items to Great Moravian Gol d (Vladimír Vavřínek) Floris BERNARD, Writing and Reading Byzantine Secular Poetry: 1025 – 1081 (Krystina Kubina) Antonio RIGO (ed.), Byzantine Theology and its Philosophical Background (Raffaele Guerra) Friedrich HILD, Meilensteine, Straßen und das Verkehrsnetz der Provinz Karia (Věra Doležálková) Leslie BRUBAKER, Shaun TOUGHER (eds.), Approaches to the Byzantine Family (Petra Melichar) Bronwen NEIL (ed.), Questions of Gender in Byzantine Society (Petra Melichar) Judith HERRIN, Margins and Metropolis (Martina Čechová) Adam IZDEBSKI, A Rural Economy in Transition: Asia Minor from Late Antiquity into the Early Middle Ages (Martina Čechová)
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Keywords: Amazon basin; Amerind; Baure; Beliefs; Bolivia; Jesuit mission; Moxo; Reduction; Social life; Vision of the world; Way of life;
Indian way of life and vision of the world, life in the reductions and a response to the critics. This last article is a transcript and French translation of the last seven chapters (6 to 12) of Book 3 of the Latin manuscript by the Jesuit F. X. Eder on the missions or reductions in the Amerindian nations of the Moxos and Baures. It is the continuation of the first eight articles on the Jesuit missions in the now Bolivian Amazon basin in the 18th century, entitled: 1. Lima, Peru, and their inhabitants in the 18th century. 2. Jesuit missions in the now Bolivian Amazon basin in the 18th century. 3. Quality of the soil and description of the Indians. 4. Constructive works, beliefs and superstitions of the Indians, and how to convince them to join a reduction. 5. Trees, fruits, plants and mammals. 6. Birds, hunting, crocodiles, dolphins, fishes and fishing. 7 Fauna (last part), poisons and antidote, arms used by Indians for hunting and fishing. 8. Choice of a spouse, feasts and games, meals, food and drink, handicraft and arts.
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Keywords: Kosovo and Metohija; Gračanica; Jashar Pasha; Samodreža; Vojsilovica; Miloš Milojević; Panta Srećković; Branislav Nušić
Serbian lore from Kosovo, regarding systematic destruction of Serbian medieval churches and monasteries, committed by the local and semi-independent Jashar pasha in the early 19th century, was introduced in Serbian historiography by way of Serbian travelogue literature during the second half of 19th and early 20th century. According to lore, Pasha destroyed monasteries Vojsilovica and Burinci, Samodreža church and several other village churches for the purpose of using building materials for his water mills. Allegedly, construction materials of destroyed church in Lipljan and several surrounding village churches were used for construction of the bridge on river Sitnica, while, also allegedly, he took the floor from Gračanica monastery for his hamam. Lead from the monastery roof was used to cover the mosque in Priština. After a critical analysis of such lore, it can be stated that Pasha did not demolish a singe church or monastery, but in fact, for his projects, he used materials from the already destroyed temples. These writings of lore, combined with the local population’s perception of him as a cruel master, left a historic view of him as being the main destroyer of Serbian medieval churches and monasteries. Release of lore version of Serbian history, made by folklore writers, contributed to the rapid dissemination of inaccurate information. This had an encouraging affect which, as time went on, associated Pasha’s name with the large number of destroyed churches. In Serbian historiography such usage of travelogue literature from the 19th century and further developed oral tradition recorded by ethnologists as relevant historical sources, have led to the adoption of unverified data as historical fact.
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Keywords: Wenceslas IV; Sigismund of Luxembourg; Giangaleazzo Visconti; imprisonment of a king; coronation journey to Rome;diplomacy
Bohemian and (deposed) Roman King Wenceslas IV fell into captivity for a second time in March 1402. His jailor this time was his brother and Hungarian King Sigismund who attempted to seize control over Bohemia. The presented study tries to shed a new light on this “unheard of” event and those that led to it, focusing on a specific aspect: the planned but never realised coronation journey to Rome by Wenceslas to Rome organised by Sigismund. Analysing a series of newly-discovered sources, the author shows that even though it seems absurd, Sigismund exerted significant diplomatic efforts to prepare this unusual journey and it seems he intended to see it through. The reason the efforts eventually failed was probably the death of the Luxembourg’s most important Italian ally, Duke Giangaleazzo Visconti of Milan in September 1402. The study includes an edition of certain associated correspondence from the archive in Mantua.
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Keywords: Capetian dynasty; Crown of Thorns; medieval France; French literature of the 11th–13th century
The author portrays the relation between two problems of the medieval kingdom of France: the apocryphal 11th-century legend about Charlemagne bringing the Crown of Thorns to the kingdom of the Franks and its reception in 11th–13th century literature, and reconstructing the actual Capetian cult of relics. In the author’s opinion between the 11th and 13th century both phenomena of the spiritual culture of Capetian France were shaping the religious ideological foundations of the Capetian dynasty.
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Keywords: life; emergence; evolution; plants; new plant varieties and new animal breeds; genetic manipulation; genetic engineering; human food; sui generis protection;
For over 30,000 years, humans, themselves the product of evolution (probably also a genetic accident or an experiment) or of Divine creation, have joined Nature and Divinity to obtain new varieties of plants and animal breeds, to determine improvement, the evolution of plants and animals according to their needs for better, more, better quality food. And they have created in turn the dog, the cow, the wheat and the domestic rice. For over two centuries they have been doing it according to the laws of genetics. For half a century, after the "secret of life" (DNA) was discovered, people have been doing it in a scientific way and with amazing results, creating not only new varieties of plants and animal breeds, but also new medicines and new methods of treatment, healing procedures. Research and obtaining new plant varieties and new animal breeds are costly, human and financial efforts are lengthy, and the results, when positive, are beneficial. The investments and activity of those involved in creating new varieties must be rewarded. Recognition of a special right in favor of creators of new varieties (the ones we are dealing with here) is the solution. But what is the right? The one regulated today is a sui generis one. Something between the patent and the trademark that protects a new product, but which also has... a distinctive character! The right to designations of origin and geographical indications is often used for protecting not novelty, but tradition and quality provided by environmental and human factors, and this system is a sui generis one. We are trying to identify its origins. With an ingression into the theories about the emergence of life and the evolution of species and the manipulation of this evolution by humans, to understand why, when, and how we have started and where we are. And how plants have influenced our lives. Evolution. How we have contributed to their change for the benefit of life.
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Keywords: Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Vytautas; itinerary; monarch’s journeys; system of exercising power;
The article presents the itinerary of Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania (1392–1430) on the basis of extensive source material, both published and unpublished, preserved in the archives and libraries of Belarus, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine; the relevant literature is also taken into account. The analysis of Vytautas’ itinerary against the background of the rulers’ travelling practice in the other countries of medieval Europe leads to the conclusion that no system of the ruler’s regular tours emerged in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, unlike in neighbouring Poland under Władysław Jagiełło. The grand duke of Lithuania spent most of his time in Lithuania proper and in Grodno land, leaving the core of the state for the outlying districts and foreign states in connection with specific tasks of home and foreign policy, such as strengthening his power, meetings with other rulers and war expeditions.
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Keywords: Wallachia; Wallachians / Romanians; Ungrovlachia; Transalpina; Vlachia Transalpina; Bessarabia; Moldavia; Moldovlachia; double / the other / another Wallachia; Great / Little / Upper / Lower Wallachia
Before the formation of the Romanian medieval states, foreign sources called all the autochthonous inhabitants north of the Lower Danube by the term Wallachians, or by related names. As it had been founded earlier, the state entity bordered by the Southern Carpathians and the Danube should have normally kept the name Valachia /Țara Românească only for itself. Due to the fact that the term Valachia had already been extensively used left of the Danube, the Wallachian voivodeship was designated either by an alternative form or by adding a determinative to it: Ungrovlachia, Transalpinum / Transalpina, Vlachia Transalpina, Basarat / Bessarabia.For the purposes of avoiding confusions and marking its individuality, the Romanian territory east of the Oriental Carpathians, known before the fourteenth century under the name Valachia or one of its derivatives, was called Moldavia. As in Wallachia, an important part in imposing the ethnic and geopolitical terminology in the Romanian-speaking territories on the eastern slopes of the Carpathians was played by the Patriarchate in the capital of the Byzantine Empire. The chancery of the Patriarchateof Constantinople was directly involved in the organization process of the superior church hierarchies in Moldavia and imposed the designations Black Wallachia (Μαυροβλαχία), Russian Wallachia (Ρωσοβλαχία), and Moldavian Wallachia (Μολδοβλαχία).The ethnic identity of the two Romanian voivodeships was mentioned in many categories of internal and external sources. In this regard, we would like to point to the syntagmas double / the other / another Wallachia, both / the two Wallachias, etc., which were attested in a significant number of instances in medieval and Renaissance narrative and diplomatic sources. The respective syntagmas reflect the terminological duality of the Romanian voivodeships and the ethnic identity of their majoritypopulation.The awareness about the similarity of the ethnic character of the majority population in the two Romanian voivodeships is equally reflected in the choronyms designating them in Europe. Towards the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the modern era, a limited circulation was enjoyed by other regional terminological varieties of Wallachia as well. Among them were the names Great Wallachia, Little Wallachia, Valachia Superior / Upper Wallachia and Valachia Inferior / Lower Wallachia.Based on their own experience and / or according to bibliographic information, many European scholars, politicians, prelates, and merchants knew that Wallachia and Moldavia were distinct state entities, without territorial and political identity. However, it was clear to them that the populations of the two voivodeships were ethnically identical beyond any doubt. The better informed authors, especially those who had settled in the regions inhabited by the Romanians or in their immediate proximity for a while, in their quality as diplomats, missionaries, members of the military, traders, etc., after having lived in direct contact to local realities, they also noticed the inhabitants’ cultural and confessional similarities. Those with a larger intellectual perspective, acquired by reading scientific treatises or as a result of their connections to renowned scholars of the time, also referred to the ancestry of all Romanians, reflected in the idea of their common descent from Roman colonists.
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Keywords: Zagrebački katolički list; Bosna and Herzegovina; Fra Grga Martić; Ivan Frano Jukić;
Das 1849 gegründete „Zagrebački katolički list“ („Das Agramer katholische Blatt“, ZKL), ein mit dem Untertitel „kirchlich-theologische-Zeitschrift“ wöchentlich vom Agramer Bistum herausgegebene Periodikum, stellte während seiner Existenz von fast einem Jahrhundert das bedeutendste und einflussreichste Organ in der kroatischen katholischen Kirchenpublizistik dar. Ab 1877 erschien dieses Blatt unter dem Titel „Katolički tjednik“ („Katholische Wochenschrift“) mit dem Zusatz „kirchlich-pastorale Zeitschrift“. Von 1910 bis 1911 enthielt es die Beilage „Bogoslovska smotra“ („Theologische Rundschau“), die sich danach verselbständigte und als renommierte Fachzeitschrift bis heute erscheint. In dem einleitenden Beitrag (S. 13-44) werden zuerst kurz die gesellschaftlich-politischen Umstände geschildert, in denen die Zeitschrift entstanden ist; danach werden ihre Initiatoren und Redakteure vorgestellt, die alle aus dem Umkreis der Diözesankurie stammten und mehr oder weniger dem Erzbischof von Agram nahe standen.
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