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Keywords: Tudor Arghezi; monk; Deacon; monastery; rebel; cǎlugǎr; Diacon; mǎnǎstire; rǎzvrǎtit
Ion Theodorescu (known as the writer Tudor Arghezi) entered the monastic caste in 1900, at the age of 20. Cernica Monastery, the place where he was accepted, was near Bucharest. He was the favourite of Bishop Iosif Gheorghian, head of the Romanian Orthodox Church, who baptized him as a monk and gave him the name Iosif. The monk Iosif Theodorescu was transferred as a Deacon from Cernica Monastery to the Metropolitan Cathedral in Bucharest, by the Bishop Iosif Gheorghian, who wanted him to be his personal assistant. But Iosif Theodorescu broke with the Church convention and defied the dogmata by writing poetry and publishing articles in newspapers. Moreover, he had two love affairs, one with Constanţa Zissu (who gave birth to his first child, Eliazar, in 1905 while he was still a monk) and the other with Aretia Panaitescu. He didn’ t led a monastic lifestyle neither as a monk nor as a Deacon. Tudor Arghezi was a rebel among the clergymen.
More...Comments on the works of Alexandru Vlad.
More...Urkunden-Regesten aus dem Archiv der Stadt Bistritz in Siebenbürgen. Begründet von Albert Berger (†). Mit Ioan Dordea, Ioan Drãgan und Konrad G. Gündisch herausgegeben von Ernst Wagner. III. Band (1571-1585). Köln, Weimar, Wien: Böhlau Verlag 1995 (= Schriften zur Landeskunde Siebenbürgens Band 11/III), XVIII und 601 Seiten. Eduard Albert Bielz: Handbuch der Landeskunde Siebenbürgens. Eine physikalisch-statistisch- topographische Beschreibung. Unveränderter Nachdruck der Ausgabe Hermannstadt 1857. Als Festgabe für Ernst Wagner zum 75. Geburtstag im Auftrag des Arbeitskreises für Siebenbürgische Landeskunde herausgegeben von Konrad Gündisch. Köln, Weimar, Wien: Böhlau Verlag 1996. XVII, VIII, 613 Seiten (= Schriften zur Landeskunde Siebenbürgens Band 19). 120 de ani arhivã publicã în Transilvania. 120 Jahre öffentliches Archiv in Siebenbürgen. Culegere jubiliarã. Jubiläumsband. Coordonator/Koordinator Monica Vlaicu. Traduceri/Übersetzungen Karin Denghel, Anneliese Thudt, Monica Vlaicu. Sibiu/Hermannstadt: Editura Tenis-Club-Sen 1996, 188 Seiten. Mittelalterliche nationes, neuzeitliche Nationen. Probleme der Nationenbildung in Europa. Herausgegeben von Almut Bues und Rex Rexheuser. Wiesbaden: Harassowitz Verlag 1995 (= Deutsches Historisches Institut Warschau – Quellen und Studien Band 2), 195 Seiten. Stände und Landesherrschaft in Ostmitteleuropa in der frühen Neuzeit. Herausgegeben von Hugo Weczerka. Marburg: Verlag Herder- Institut 1995, VIII und 210 Seiten (= Historische und landeskundliche Ostmitteleuropa- Studien 16). Ständefreiheit und Staatsgestaltung in Ostmitteleuropa. Übernationale Gemeinsamkeiten in der politischen Kultur vom 16.-18. Jahrhundert. Herausgegeben von Joachim Bahlcke, Hans- Jürgen Bömelburg, Norbert Kersken. Leipzig: Universitätverlag 1996, 353 Seiten (= Forschungen zur Geschichte und Kultur des östlichen Europa). Die völkerrechtliche Praxis der Donaumonarchie von 1859 bis 1918. Eine Auswahl von Dokumenten. Herausgegeben von Stephan Verosta und Ignaz Seidl – Hohenveldern. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1996, 2 Bände (=Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Völkerrecht und internationale Beziehungen, Nr. 2), XXV und 665 Seiten. Beiträge zur siebenbürgischen Schulgeschichte. Herausgegeben von Walter König. Köln, Weimar, Wien: Böhlau Verlag 1996 (= Siebenbürgisches Archiv Band 32), VIII und 335 Seiten. Die Letzten der Verbannten. Der Untergang der altösterreichischen Landler in Siebenbürgen/Rumänien. Herausgegeben von Roland Girtler. Wien, Köln, Weimar: Böhlau 1997. 222 Seiten, 15 Abbildungen. Alexandre Safran: „Den Flammen entrissen“. Die jüdische Gemeinde in Rumänien 1939-1947. Erinnerungen. Einführung von Jean Ancel. Tübingen, Basel: A. Francke Verlag 1996. 368 Seiten, 34 Abbildungen. D. Dr. Viktor Glondys. Bischof der Evangelischen Landeskirche A. B. in Rumänien. Tagebuch. Aufzeichnungen von 1933 bis 1949. Herausgegeben von Dieter Braeg und Johann Böhm. Dinklage
More...Eugen Uricaru, Supunerea, Editura Cartea Romaneasca, 2006 Radu Ţuculescu, Povestirile mameibătrâne (roman), Ed. Cartea Românească, Bucureşti, 2006 Alan Greenspan, Le Temps des turbulences. Traduit de l’anglais par Th ierry Piélat et Georges Nicolas, Paris, JC Lattès, 2007. Vlad Zografi , America şi acustica, Ed. Humanitas, 2007 Clifford A. Pickover, Banda lui Möbius, traducere din engleză de Diana Constantinescu-Altamer, Ed. Humanitas, Bucureşti, 2007, 331 pag. Constantin Dobrilă, Entre Dracula et Ceauşescu. La tyrannie chez les Roumains. Institutul Cultural Român, Bucureşti, 2007
More...Keywords: journalist, communism, media, oral discourse
Validation of journalism as a profession and its integration in a specific area of competence is an imperative because its exclusion from the sphere of professionalism involves limitations, which could lead to reduce the important role it plays in society. Surveys of journalism in the communist era by appealing to individual memory is an attempt to safeguard a profession condemned and stigmatized by establishing significant indicators of social and professional identity. We cannot talk about the condition of the communist journalist without reviewing the "new approach" of past professional media, current reality, namely public display of files, some the result of personal vendetta between "old" and "new guard" of journalism. A new approach for (re)constitution and (re)composition of individual memories would allow enrolling the journalist as a professional in the social memory.
More...Keywords: Papacy; crusading; Ottoman Empire; Walachians; Matthias Corvinus
Pope Pius II official main goal was the anti-Ottoman crusade. With the – altogether notable – exception of Vlad III (Dracula) the Impaler’s Ottoman combats and excesses of 1461-1462, the Walachians did not fit at the time into the framework of potential crusaders. This began to change however towards the end of Pius II’ pontificate (in 1463-1464) as the actual crusade drew closer. Yet it was not Walachia, formerly ruled by Vlad III, but Stephen III’s Moldavia, previously a strong member of sultan Mehmed II’s camp, who caught Western attention and interest. The paper explores this evolution and its (short-term) consequences in context of the anti-Ottoman efforts made by Venice and Matthias Corvinus, even after the death of Pius II and the election of Paul II, whose anti-Ottoman crusader commitment was rapidly decreasing.
More...Keywords: integration; national and international security; interdependence; security policies; community policies
To ensure national security in all fields of state activity is one of the imperatives of its existence as a sovereign and independent subject in relation to other states in world politics. The consolidation of the process of regionalisation and globalisation implies not only socio-economic fields, in which states are likely to concede in their national prerogatives in the common interest, but security and defence domains considered as a stronghold of the sovereign state as well. In this context, the Republic of Moldova gets many opportunities, but at the same time runs the risks with its inclusion in the community security scheme. Advantages and disadvantages of this process are to be studied, determining the legislative and structural-functional actions both internally and externally, which are needed to be carried out for plenary inclusion in the complex of European security. The European Union through Community policies assists and supports neighbouring states in strengthening of their own security capabilities, but also calls for transforming the country from a consumer of continental security into an exporter of stability and security in the region. The importance of this study also derives from the fact that the fields of security and defence are minimised in the Moldova-EU dialogue. Political ties and the socio-economic relations between the parties determine interconnectedness and interdependence of national and community security. Mutual interest of ensuring security should be used by the Republic of Moldova through active participation in European programmes and projects intended to strengthen national and, therefore, regional security system. In this context, the European Community is coming up with a proposal to Reform the Security Sector (RSS).
More...Keywords: the Romanian research program; financial difficulties of the system; solutions for research
The research was not the main concern for Romania since 1989. There are many reasons to be disputed on this issue, but there is no doubt that first of them is the lack of financial resources. You can read the full story in this interesting collection of articles and interviews.
More...Keywords: Romanian movie producers;
Most of the journalists thought a few years ago that there are no more Romanian movie producers. The crisis in cinematography seems to have gone now, since 2003 represents one of the best years since 1989. Still, the problem of investments and sponsorships is very difficult to be solved in this field.
More...Keywords: le recrutament des professeurs; la Faculté de Lettres de Iasi; le group de la rêvue „Viaţa Românească”; les conflicts universitaires
La nomination d’un enseignant à un département universitaire a été pendant l’époque entre-deux guerres, un problème qui a concerné également les Universités, Le Ministère de l’ Intruction et la classe politique aussi. En tentant à harmoniser les systèmes existants en France et en Allemagne, la loi roumaine a introduit dans la loi de l’éducation de 1912, la loi Arion, la pratique de l’examen et celle-là de l’appel. Ainsi, en Roumanie entre-deux guerres deux modalités diférentes ont été à la base de le recrutament du corpus universitaire. Bien qu’il avait été conçu comme exception, en désirant l’évitation de l’examen de quelques professeurs consacrés par les oeuvres de grande valeur, l’utilisation de l'art. 81 a été imposée comme une règle. Les contestations auxquelles le principe de l’appel a été soumis, ont fait qu’ en 1925 le Ministère de l’Instruction a institué un nouveau filtre pour la recrutament du corpus universitaire, une commission de spécialistes pour se prononcer sur la qualité des oeuvres du candidat dans le cas d’une récomandation avec l’article 81. Pendant la première décennie entre-guerres, la Faculté de Lettres et de Phylosophie a constitué le lieu où on a été formé des groupes de professeurs en vue de la récomandation d’un candidat favori. Le plus souvent, une récomandation a été gestionée par les professeurs reunis autour de Garabet Ibraileanu, le soi-disant group de la rêvue „Viaţa Românească”. Les nominations de la période 1919-1927 nous montrent la manière dont elle s’est imposé comme regle dans la récomandation d’un professeur. Cette chose supposait, de la partie du group soutenant, l’adhérasion aux coalisations pour moment, l’utilisation au maximum de la conjoncture politique, la limitation des oposants et la gestion du réseau avec le Ministère de l’Instruction détenu par libéraux, en ce moment-là leurs adversaires politiques. En même temps, la préocupation princiale a été qu’aux postes d'enseignants soient cooptés des élements des plus meritants ou prédisant un cheminement de carrière et, non moins important, ils ont été enclins à se déplacer dans la ville. Après 1919, nous pouvons remarquer une tendance particulière qui forme le contexte de recrutements. Les 60 ans depuis la fondation de l'Université de Iaşi, elle est restée sur une statut marginal, l’une des causes étant la manque de professeurs titulaires de chaires ou la présence constante des professeurs „ambulants” (titulaires qui enseignaient à Iaşi mais habitaient à Bucarest).
More...Keywords: Epirot merchants; Nica Papa; Constatin Brâncoveanu; Venice; Wallachian trade.
Constantin Brâncoveanu’s long reign (1688-1714) marked a time of intense economic activities, of a magnificent cultural patronage and of an impressive diplomatic networking. The present study focuses on the life of an Epirot merchant, Nica Papa, which was deeply involved in the Wallachian trade during those years. As his nickname reveals, Nica Papa was a money changer and lender. Due to his trade abilities, but also to his connections with the powerful Greek community from Venice, Nica Papa became one of the most important providers of luxury goods from Wallachia. He managed to gain the trust of some of his most eminent clients, such as Constantin Brâncoveanu and the powerful Catacuzines. Thus, he was entrusted by them to transfer significant sums of money at Zecca, the Venetian Bank. After Nica Papa’s death, in mid 1716, his business was taken over by his son, Panaiotis Nica Papa, who also inherited his father’s reputation. However, unlike his father, Panaiotis only sporadically came in Wallachia, while he spent most of his life in Venice. The documentary evidence for this study was found in Romanian and Venetian archives. In the appendix of the article seven new documents are edited, including Nica Papa’s last will and testament.
More...Keywords: enfant, enfance, famille, Moldavie, XVII e siècle.
Les enfants sont –ils l’ont toujours été – une communauté gaie et bruyante. Mais, paradoxalement, leur voix ne se fait guère entendre dans les sources moldaves médiévales et pré-modernes. Les enfants n’y parlent jamais, éventuellement, on en parle. Nous ne savons pas comment ils vivaient leur enfance, nous savons seulement comment les adultes s’imaginaient qu’ils la vivaient. Ils appartenaient à une catégorie d’âge à part et pourtant ils étaient considérés une annexe de leurs parents. Ils vivaient ensemble avec les adultes et de la même manière. Ils étaient de grandes personnes dans de petits corps. Les conditions d’existence et les difficultés à affronter, quel que fût le segment social auquel ils appartenaient, les rendaient de très bonne heure pareils, peut-être trop pareils, aux adultes. L’étude comprend les sections suivantes: Non pas tous les enfants se vêtissent et trop peu bénéficient d’un espace privé; Temps du travail et temps du jeu; Les enfants qui s’instruisent; Les enfants qui servent; Les bénéfices de l’éducation et les désagréments entraînés par son absence; Sentiments et souvenirs; Un âge des dangers; L’implacable mort.
More...Keywords: oriental crisis; the modern Romanian national state; territorial exchanges; Romanian-Russian bilateral relations; Dobroudja; Congress of Berlin (1878)
The resumption of the oriental crisis and the political, diplomatic and military events related to it between 1875-1878 influenced – like the previous edition of the same substantive issue – the historical destiny of the Romanian society, while correcting not only the legal status of its eve, but also the configuration of the state borders towards the same south-eastern direction.
More...Keywords: Romanian historiography; Hungarian historiography; Stephen the Great; Matthias Corvinus
A discussion of the political and ideological context in which there appeared a work that, from beginning to end, contains mystifications of the historical realities in order to create new ethnic identities.
More...Keywords: Synod; Iaşi; Cyril Loukaris; Vasile Lupu; Meletios Syrigos; Dositheus of Jerusalem
Though a lot has been written about the Synod from Iaşi (1642), and with notable results, many aspects are still covered with mystery. The present study aims to present how the great dragoman Panayotis Nikousia and patriarch Dositheus of Jerusalem related the event. According to the author, Dositheus tried to present the Synod as a reaction to the unrest provoked by the “Calvinist” Confession of Faith of Patriarch Cyril Loukaris. Moreover, following the path opened by Panayotis, he granted the Synod a central role within his own program of defining and strengthening Orthodoxy.
More...Dans ce!te etude I'auteur prcsente cinq tresors monetaires, decouverts sur le territoire de la viile d'Alba Iulia dans des endroits et pendant efepoques ditTcrents. Ils ont cre Illis au jour aux adresses suivantes rue.A.Vlaicu nr.32. rue Calea Motilor nr.7:' A. rue Piaţa Eroilor nr.11 et rue Progresului nr.19. Les tresors datent de la fin du XV' s. jusqu',lla dernicre moitie du XVIII et ont la composition suivante: des ellllSSlOns polonnaises. hongroises, antichichiennes. alleillandes. prusiennes, suedoises et de la Transylvanie. Le, Illonnaies polonnaises ont circule dans une quanlite considcrable il partir du XV' s. jusqu',l la dernicre Illoitic du XVIII': il ,'agit des pieces il valeurs lll11yennes el reduites. ou quelles s'ajoutent des Illonnaies suedoises el prussiennes. Vers la fîn du XVII's. lors de la baisse de le quantite de Illonnaie polonnaise en Transilvanie. une place importante dans la circulation Illonetaire de la viile allait etre occupee par les elllis';ions autrichiennes et cel les des provinces ailelllandes, de la dernicre Illoitic du XVII. Des 1627 les monnaies polonnaises ont cesse leur circulation, ayant ete remplacees par les monnaies suedoises - en quantite reduite - et pour les emissions autrichiennes, entre 1637 et 1715, avec certaines interruptions jusqu'en 1715. La deuxiellle etape de l'utilisation des Illonnaies polonnaises, commen~a en 1657 et ce tableau allait etre complete, vers 1685 avec les elllissions des principantes allemandes dans une quantite importante. Les conclusions degagees par ceHe analyse viellnent, de completer les donnees sur la circulation Illonetaire en Transylvanie, entre le XY et XYIII' s .. en generaL et a Alba Iulia, en particulier.
More...This paper presents research results concerning the (re)-construction of the ethnic / national identities of particular minority communities in the Republic of Croatia, as shaped by fluctuations in the social and historical context (over the period when Croatia was part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, thereafter in the periods of democratic transformation, the Homeland War, and the independent Republic of Croatia). We take a multi-method approach, on the one hand exploring the official categorization and classification of national minorities within the Constitution of the FRY and the Constitution of the RC, whilst also examining theoretical and conceptual explanations and their implementation in defining identity. The empirical part includes in-depth interviews with members of different ethnic minority communities living across the territory of present-day Croatia. The paper emphasizes how certain institutional classificatory schemes or historical moments may be imposed or lead to volatility as concerns the strategies, positions and roles of certain minority communities. In addition to the official definition and institutionalized classificatory schemes that are directly attributed to the specific identity characteristics of each group, social identities can be the result of free choice, coercion, strategy games played by individuals / members of certain groups themselves or resources mobilized in order to achieve political or economic goals. Through considering these two approaches to the analysis of national minority identities in present-day Croatia, we elaborate not only the procedural and dynamic character of identity but also its variable and situational nature.
More...Ramona Coman - PASCAL DELWIT, EROL KULAHCI, CEDRIC VAN DE WALLE, Les fédérations européennes de partis. Organisation et influence, Éditions de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 2001, 252 pp; Sorina Soare - EAN-MICHEL DE WAELE, L’émergence des partis politiques en Europe Centrale et Orientale, (prefață de NICOLAS BÂRDOS-FÉLTORONYI), Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1999, 354 pp; Alexandra Ionescu - JANINE R. WEDEL, Collision and Collusion. The Strange Case of Foreign Aid to Eastern Europe 1989-1998, St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1998, 286 pp; Sorina Soare - FILON MORAR, Systèmes électoraux et systèmes de partis. La production électorale du système roumain de partis, Editura Universității din București, București, 2000, 270 pp; Cristian Preda - ANDRA ALDEA, DAN CHIRIBUCÀ, MIRCEA COMȘA, MIRCEA KIVU, BOGDAN MICU, CĂLIN MOLDOVAN, Sondajele de opinie — mod de utilizare. Alegerile 2000. Prezentare și analiză, Editura Paideia, colecția „Științe sociale", București, 2001,116 pp; Cristian Preda - ALEXANDRA BARDAN, Marketing politic în România înainte și după 1989, Editura Tritonic, București, 2001, 198 pp; Radu Carp - MARIAN ENACHE, MIHAI CONSTANTINESCU, Renașterea parlamentarismului în România, Polirom, Iași, 2001, 293 pp; Mihaela Lambru - EORGETA GHEBREA, Regim socio-politic și viață privată. Familia și politica familială în România, Editura Universității din București, București, 2000, 192 pp; Ruxandra Ivan - ANDREI ȘIPERCO, Relații româno-elvețiene în anii celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial (1939-1944), Editura Enciclopedică, București, 2001, 272 pp; Mihaela Czobor-Lupp - RICHARD BELLAMY, Rethinking Liberalism, Pinter, London and New York, 2000, 249 pp; Radu Carp - LEVENTE SALAT, Multiculturalismul liberal — bazele normative ale existenței minoritare autentice, Polirom, Iași, 2001,357 pp; Mihaela Czobor-Lupp - MARK LILLA, RONALD DWORKIN, ROBERT SILVERS (eds), The Legacy of Isaiah Berlin, New York Review Books, New York, 2001,198 pp; ISAIAH BERLIN, The Power of Ideas, edited by Henry Hardy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, 240 pp; AILEEN M. KELLY, Views from the Other Shore:Essays on Herzen, Chekhov, and Bakhtin, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1999, 260 pp; Miruna Tätaru-Cazaban - ISAIAH BERLIN, Adevăratul studiu al omenirii. Antologie de eseuri, ediție îngrijită de Henry Hardy și Roger Hausheer, cuvânt înainte de NOEL ANNAN, introducere de ROGER HAUSHEER, traducere de Radu Lupan, Editura Meridiane, colecția „Major", București, 2001, 632 pp; Silvia Marton - ANTOINE ROGER, Les grandes théories du nationalisme, Armand Colin, Paris, 2001,183 pp; Ionuț Butoi - DAVID MILLER, Citizenship and National Identity, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2000, 214 pp; Cristian Preda - IOAN BOLOVAN, Transilvania între Revoluția de la 1848 și Unirea din 1918. Contribuții demografice, Fundația Culturală Română - Centrul de Studii Transilvane, Cluj-Napoca, 2000, XXXII+268 pp; Razvan Pârâian - ALEXANDRU CLAUDIAN, Antisemitismul și cauzele lui sociale, ediție și studiu introductiv de CONSTANTIN SCHIFIRNEȚ, Albatros, București, 2000,145 pp; Ruxandra Ivan - ANTHONY GIDDENS, A treia cale. Renașterea social-democratiei, traducere de Cătălin Constantinescu, cuvânt înainte de DAN PAVEL, Polirom, Iași, 2001,168 pp; ANTHONY GIDDENS, A treia cale și criticii ei, traducere de Cătălin Constantinescu, Polirom, Iași, 2001,176 pp; Victor Rizescu - HENRI H. STAHL, Gânditori și curente de istorie socială românească, Editura Universității din București, București 2001, 250 pp;
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