Keywords: bilateral relations; Romania; Russian Federation; history; domestic politics
The aim of this article is to analyze the bilateral relations between Romania and the Russian Federation from the dismantlement of the USSR until the accession of Romania to the European Union. The main thesis that we shall try to demonstrate is that, for several reasons, these relations remained very ambiguous during this whole period. One the one hand, there are historical causes of a strong russophobia among the Romanian population, which prevented a rapprochement between the two countries after the fall of communism. On the other hand, Russia's prestige as a great power and its proximity to Romania makes it impossible to ignore when it comes to foreign policy. The position of the different Romanian governments oscillated between these two negative attitudes. We shall try to explain the policy conducted by the Romanian decision-makers by using three types of variables: history, domestic politics and international environment.
More...Tóth Krisztina: Hogy vagytok? • 3 Illyés Gyula: Ítélet előtt (III) • 4 Paul Verlaine: Szaturnuszi költemények (Térey János fordításában és jegyzetével) • 21 Groteszkek • 22 Az érintetlenek dala • 23 Nevermore • 24 Cesare Borgia • 25 Géher István : Alkalmazott mitologia. Palimpszesztek 2012 • 26 G. István László: Ad patrem • 28 Kiss Judit Ágnes: Távolítás • 29 Zarándokút • 30 Zárszó • 30 ablakkeret • 31 Jenei László: Szabályos csalódások • 32 Babiczky Tibor: A Tengerész • 42 Tenigl-Takács László: A kristálykoponya hét királysága • 43 Balaskó Ákos: Gólyvár • 51 Utóhatás • 51 Toroczkay Andráa: A Közép-európai Egyetem Szalló és Konferencia Központ kerti szerszámosában • 52 Miklós Tamás: A nyomkeresés vége. A detektiv eltűnik. Ötletvázlat • 54 Veres Miklós: A képzelet derült játékai. A dualizmus válságjelenségei az utópisztikus és tudományos-fantasztikus irodalomban • 67 Miskolczy Ambrus: A Vasgárda színre lép • 82 Kőmüves Klára: Óperencia • 102 Kéz kezet mos • 103 FIGYELŐ Darvasi László: Egyáltalán nem kritika, jóval inkább neki (Kantor Peter: köztünk maradjon) • 104 Lengyel András: A „viharagyú“ szava (Ady Endre: A világosság lobogója alatt) • 105 Visy Beatrix–Luchmann Zsuzsanna: Két bírálat egy könyvről (Jenei László: Bluebox) • 115 Gyenge Zoltán: Amikor az árnyjátékos a fénybe lép (Nagy András: Az árnyjátékos. Søren Kierkegaard az irodalomtörténet, eszmetörténet és hatástörténet metszéspontjain) • 125 Bartha Judit: Nyomozás egy kézirat ürügyén (Pszeudo Kierkegaard: A megfordult világ. Ismeretlen Kierkegaard-kézirat. Közreadja Gyenge Zoltan) • 128
More...Keywords: Magda Cârneci; Dinu Flămând; Ioana NIcolaie; Alexandru Muşina; Gheorghe Schwartz;Alex Goldiş;Andreea Pop;Geo Şerban;Aura Christi;Adrian Dinu Rachieru;Iulian Boldea;Maria Dinu;
More...Keywords: chronological order; political landscape; Romania;
From this issue, "Studia Politica" publishes the chronology of Romanian political life in French. The present study was carried out - under the coordination of Raluca Alexandrescu and Cristian Preda - by seven students of the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Bucharest: Alina Ionașcu, Ștefan Jicol, Oana Logofătu, Dana Mănescu, Marian Necula, Damiana Oțoiu , Mihaela Vieru, who used as sources the written press ("Adevărul", "Curentul", "Evenimentul zilei", "Național", "România liberă" and reviews "22" and "Observatorul cultural"), but also the TV news from PRO TV, Antena 1 and România 1.
More...Keywords: Henric Sanielevici; intellectual; westernism; modernism;
Henric Sanielevici (1875-1951) was one of the lesser-known Romanian thinkers belonging to the intellectual current of “westernism” or “modernism”. To the present, however, no attempt has been made to grasp the peculiarities of his westernist arguments, and to relate them to those of his more famous contemporaries of the same ideological orientation, Stefan Zeletin and Eugen Lovinescu. The article tries to accomplish precisely that. Leaving aside Sanie- levici’s contributions in other fields (like literary criticism and paleontology), it takes a new look at his discourse as a social critic. The investigation shows that Sanielevici is akin to Lovinescu and Zeletin by his opposition to traditionalist thinking. Unlike them, however, he conjoins this stance with a staunch criticism of the political establishment, of which the most important component in the period was the Liberal Party leadership. Moreover, it emerges that Sanielevici's anti-Liberal argumentation is conducive to bringing him closer than either Lovinescu or Zeletin to the core ideas of generic liberalism.
More...Keywords: Revolution; communism; memory; Romania;
Si «le temps ria de réalité que dans la mesure où il a un contenu, c'est-à-dire où il offre une matière d'événements à la pensée», pour la Roumanie postcommuniste, 1990 est une année plus longue que les autres et décisive pour la suite de la transition. C'est pendant les premiers six mois de cette année que sont en effet posées les bases d'un nouveau régime, que naissent les principaux acteurs politiques, chacun ayant ses stratégies de légitimation et de construction identitaire, chacun nouant un rapport au passé communiste et dessinant par là une matrice qui marquera son évolution ultérieure, de même que le processus de démocratisation dans son ensemble.
More...Татјана Катић, Војнучки дефтер из 1455. године за санџаке Kрушевац, Вучитрн, Призрен и вилајете Звечан, Јелеч, Рас, Сенице и Ходидед; Срђан Рудић, Босанска властела у XV веку. Просопографска студија; Гласови и слике. Облици комуникације на средњовековном Балкану (IV–XVI век), ур. Станоје Бојанин, Љубомир Милановић, Милош Цветковић; Свет средњовековних утврђења, градова и манастира. Омаж Марку Поповићу, ур. Вујадин Иванишевић, Весна Бикић, Иван Бугарски; Antal Molnár, Confessionalization on the Frontier. The Balkan Catholics between Roman Reform and Ottoman Reality; Fahd Kasumović, Na periferiji svijeta islama: osmanska poreska politika u Bosanskom ejaletu (1699–1839); Јелена Илић Мандић, Банатска војна крајина (1764–1800); Славенко Терзић, На капијама Константинопоља. Русија и балканско питање у 19. веку; War, Peace and Nation-building (1853–1918), ed. Biljana Vučetić; Јована Шаљић Ратковић, Из турског вакта у ново доба. Муслиманско становништво Србије 1868–1912; На граници хришћанске Европе. Поглавља из хиљадугодишњег мађарско-српског суживота; Cristian Constantin, The Lower Danube Region and the South of Russia: International trade, Navigation and Merchants in the British Consular Reports (1829–1900); Први светски рат на јужнословенском простору и стварање Краљевства Срба, Хрвата и Словенаца, ур. Вељко Максић; Владан Ђорђевић, поводом сто седамдесет шест година од рођења; The Romance-Speaking Balkans. Language and the Politics of Identity, Volume Editors: Annemarie Sorescu-Marinković, Mihai Dragnea, Thede Kahl, Blagovest Njagulov, Donald L. Dyer, Angelo Costanzo
More...Keywords: Wallachia; Bucharest; cartography; topography; Russian occupation; process of modernization;
In this study we will analyze three plans of the city of Bucharest found in the Military-Historical Archive of Moscow: a plan from 1828 made by Karl I. Stiernskanț after a drawing by Kuzmin N. Petrovici; a version of this plan, drawn up in ca. 1830 for the cabinet of General P. D. Kiseleff, appointed plenipotentiary president of the Romanian Principalities in 1829–1834; a plan made under the coordination of Lieutenant-Colonel Glebov in 1849–1850, when the city of Bucharest was under both Russian and Ottoman occupation. The three plans allow a better understanding: of the evolution of the capital of Wallachia in the first half of the nineteenth century; of how the city expanded; of the way in which the local patrimony, both secular and ecclesiastical, was enriched; of the administrative structure; and of how the town was managed during the Russian and Ottoman occupations. Moreover, these plans give us clues as to how the modernization process encompassed the city, to how the transition from wood to stone as a building material was achieved, and to how new institutions were introduced. Last but not least, the plans convey important information about the city's surroundings, over a fairly large area, the data being helpful not only to historians but also to geographers.
More...Such a topic, The Condition of Culture Magazines, is not at all convenient. There have been quite heated debates in recent years about the number, usefulness and necessity of cultural magazines. Ion Simuţ said, in an article that provoked many reactions, that there are too many cultural magazines (in our investigation, Traian Ştef thinks that there are too few ...). What is the state of the culture magazines today, how does the Romanian magazine landscape appear, what is the relevance of the printed magazines, compared to the effervescence and the informational commotion of the online support, what is the status of the collaborators, how are they selected, how open are the magazines? to us compared to the authors who propose themselves, in a literary life sometimes boiling, sometimes very dull, how the independence of opinion of the magazines is manifested, in fact, better said, how much independence are the culture magazines from us and which would be the solutions for the more efficient dissemination of cultural magazines: these are the questions / dilemmas from which we started in conducting this survey, in which we sought to engage as many magazine editors, publishers, cultural magazine contributors or writers. The opinions of those who responded to our survey are distinguished by their diversity, honesty and sincerity.
More...Keywords: Author; Date; Location; Feminism; recipients;
Saint Paul’s epistle to the Philippians is his warmest personal letter. After initial difficulties in the city of Philippi (Acts 16), a strong bond developed between Paul and the converts there. He wrote them to thank the Church for a gift they had recently sent him in prison in Rome and to inform them about his situation. The traditional date for this writing is during Paul’s first Roman imprisonment (AD 61-63) – few scholars have challenged this conclusion (only those who support Ephessian, Caesarean and Corinthian theories). The major difficulty connected with Philippians is determining where it was written – we brought new terminological and historical highlights that can help reach a final verdict. We also developed new personal theories that can contribute to the problem of unity in the epistle and we clarify the position of women in the ministry of early Church, questioning the hypothesis of feminist theology.
More...Keywords: The Orthodox doctrine; Saint Gregory Palamas; the Hesychast prayer; hesychasm; Eastern Church;
Saint Gregory Palamas of the 14th century is recognized as the one who fully crystallized the Orthodox doctrine regarding the uncreated divine energies of divine grace and the possibility of the deification of man by participating in the uncreated light of the Holy Spirit in the Hesychast prayer. From our study we will also be able to observe how, from the writings of Saint Gregory Palamas, the full force of the patristic teaching and its great exponents is clearly revealed, he himself presenting himself as the author not of a new doctrine, regarding hesychasm, but the witness of the ecclesiastical Tradition, in which the entire common treasury of the Orthodox Church can be found. Hence the great role that Saint Gregory had in the life of the Eastern Church.
More...Keywords: Wallachia; Ialomița river; John Hunyadi; Şehabeddin; ottomans; Christians; chronicles;
Bien que la bataille de la rivière Ialomiţa suscita l’intérêt de nombreuxhistoriens, on ne saurait cependant affirmer que l’histoire. de celle-ci fut pleinement éclaircie. L’épisode a été analysé par les historiens strictement à travers les sources utilisées par ceux-ci. C’est ainsi que l’on explique le fait que la reconstitution de cet événement soit différente d’un auteur à l’autre. Très peu d’historiens se sont proposés, à notre avis, une reconstitution de cette bataille importante par une recherche et une analyse exhaustive des sources historiques, documentaires et narratives. La présente étude se propose justement de faire une telle analyse. En outre, on envisage une réévaluation minutieuse de l’œuvre d’Antonio Bonfini, auquel on doit peut-être la description la plus détaillée de la bataille qui eut lieu début septembre 1442, opposant Jean Hunyadi et Șehâbeddîn, sur l’amont de la rivière Ialomiţa. Dans cette étude, on a envisagé, d’une part, une critique attentive et sérieuse de toutes les sources historiques connues jusqu’à présent, qui se sont référées, plus ou moins, à cet événement, ensuite l’éclaircissement, si possible, de certains aspects importants tels que: l’itinéraire des armées en conflit, les effectifs militaires chrétiens et ottomans, la date et le lieu de la bataille, les conséquences de celle-ci et ses échos à travers le temps.
More...Keywords: contemporary Romanian literature; Inquiry writers;
"Vatra" magazine invites some writers to answer the following questions: 1. Which writers have influenced you? How have they stimulated your creativity? 2. What role do you attribute to cultural references in your creation (authors, literary works, music, TV series, etc.)? How much do you take into account the potentialities of cultural dialogue when you write? 3. Do you consider that your work is in a relationship of continuity or discontinuity with previous literary generations? 4. Do you consider that in current, extremely contemporary Romanian literature, we are still dealing with a subversive countermodel (imported, as in the case of the eighties, for example), or is it still necessary to mark a break with the literary tradition? 5. What would be the lines of major influences and confluences (internal and external), identifiable in current prose/poetry? Can they be unitarily systematized or are they, rather, heterogeneous? Can it be said that a certain literary genre is more susceptible to them, or that it has a higher degree of permeability?
More...Keywords: Achilles; rowing; crew; Post-Traumatic; Odysseus; emendations; smoke; Cyclops; Peuce; Leuce;
It is our perception that such ‘modern’ medical conditions as Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome existed in ancient times. We propose to examine the treatment of PTSS in Homer and Homer-inspired Literature. The heroes of the Iliad, including Achilles and Odysseus, will be seen to have suffered at least as much as the rank and file, amongst whom the crew of Odysseus’ ship must be accounted the most afflicted. However, in discussing the symptoms of this condition peripheral aspects of the text will inevitably fight for our attention. These include possible emendations, narratological and factual misunderstandings, and etymological undercurrents. There is too much ‘going on’ in Homer for a critic to be rigidly monothenatic.
More...Keywords: legal transplant; legal change; constitutional identity; legal culture; Romanian constitutional realism; nation-building process;
The paper argues that the Romanian constitutionalism is a result of a multifaceted interaction between historical, cultural, and legal elements that have influenced the evolution of Romanian constitutional reform documents and written constitutions. Despite drawing heavily from foreign legal and cultural frameworks, particularly from France and Belgium, Romania's political ideology and social values have not embraced (profound) liberal transformations. Instead, the core elements of religion and ethnicity played a central role in defining the Romanian nation and political community, underscoring the distinct path chosen by Romania in its process of nation-building. In the first part of the paper, I will provide a brief explanation of legal transplant phenomenology, which will set the methodological landmarks for evaluating the political and cultural contexts that shaped Romanian constitutional transplants from the mid-18th century to the constitutional moment of 1991. In the second part, I shall explore the concrete Romanian historical landscape to observe the roots of choices and motives for seeking change or/and conservation. In other words, I will address the paradox of how cultural and political challenges influenced the adoption of legal transplants while attempting to preserve traditions through transformation. In the third part, I will challenge the axis of time in a more concentrated manner, using the data and contexts highlighted in the previous sections. The scope is to observe the red wire of Romanian constitutional realism, thus, to evade empty shells of political discourses and written (legal) texts that can be simple depositories of dead words. The prevailing method used by the Romanian legal historiography to examine internal constitutional evolutions is still characterized by oversimplification and a lack of critical analysis. When it comes to legal transplants, this approach often leads to conclusions suggesting that the mere presence of foreign institutions and concepts equates to effective or even successful original implementation/ adaptation. In the final part (IV), I will try to emphasize the need of adopting a more nuanced approach when it comes to legal transplants, particularly in light of Romania's constitutional history. There is a need for additional contextual and critical analysis that goes beyond surface-level examination and delves deeper into the underlying intentions and desires behind constitutional changes. Such analysis should also assess the outcomes that were subsequently realized as a result of these changes.
More...