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Introduction: Corpus language input, corpus processes in learning, learner corpus product

Introduction: Corpus language input, corpus processes in learning, learner corpus product

Author(s): Alex Boulton,James Thomas / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: language studies; corpus; language learning; data-driven learning; concordancing;

Corpus linguistics is essentially concerned with describing language for linguistic research purposes, but language corpora (along with the associated tools and methodologies) have many different affordances and applications. In the fi eld of language teaching, corpus analysis is used to inform the content decisions of what to teach different learner populations in different contexts at different stages of development. This typically includes the application of frequency data in determining the sequence in which linguistic items should be introduced, in identifying key multiword units and a wide range of lexico-semantic patterns, and in predicting areas of potential diffi culty from learner corpora. This essentially indirect approach ( Römer 2011) to corpus data is taken by syllabus designers, materials writers, lexicographers and testers, though the results may be entirely invisible to the end user ( McCarthy 2004). However, teachers can also make use of corpora to answer their own questions about language, to test grammar ‘rules’ against real data, to find examples and help create materials for teaching and testing, among other things. Learner involvement need not be limited to teacher mediated uses, but can involve direct hands-on consultation, either for language learning or as a reference resource.

The Risks of Online Gambling for Younger Males: Insights from Czech National Surveys

The Risks of Online Gambling for Younger Males: Insights from Czech National Surveys

Author(s): Šárka Licehammerová,Anastasia Ejova,Pavla Chomynová,Zuzana Tion Leštinová,Viktor Mravčík / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: online gambling; pathological gambling; gender; risk-taking; dissociation;

Compared to offline gambling forms, online gambling has been hypothesized to lead to a height ened risk of developing gambling pathology. Suggestions about who the risks apply to have varied. In light of the finding that online gambling and the associated financial difficulties are reported mostly by younger males, some hypotheses identify younger males as an at-risk group. An alternative possibility is that younger males simply display a trend that will emerge population-wide as online gambling proliferates. In this chapter, hypotheses about the population-wide and young-male-specific risks of online gambling are assessed using data from three nation wide Czech surveys.

Collaboration and fusion of Basque local media: opportunities for development and for citizen participation

Collaboration and fusion of Basque local media: opportunities for development and for citizen participation

Author(s): Eneko Bidegain,Aitor Zuberogoitia,Txema Egaña,Ainhoa Larrañaga / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Local media; citizen participation; local press; Basque; Basque language;

The local professional press in Basque started around 1989–1990. It has been predominantly located in villages, but from 2000 onwards it began to spread through the valleys and regions. This process is not yet complete. As such, this chapter aims to analyse the mechanisms of collaboration among Basque local media, which are using new technologies and striving to develop community participation. The Basque language is spoken in the Basque Country, and is a minority language due to the linguistic policies of Spain and France, which impose Spanish and French as primary languages but do not confer the same rights on Basque. The Basque language is not official in the northern (French) part of the country; it is co-official in the southern (Spanish) part, but only Spanish is obligatory. Thus, there is a situation of diglossia throughout the Basque Country, in which the Basque language is always the weaker.

Local government in the concept of Civil Society

Samorząd terytorialny w koncepcji społeczeństwa obywatelskiego

Author(s): Marek Barański / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: civil society; local government; non-governmental organizations; social capital;social trust;

The aim of the article is to reconstruct the theoretical foundations of the local government, reestablished in 1990, taking into account the state and political theories, whose standards have been established with regard to the local government during the interwar period, as well as the concept of the civil society, built upon the foundation of the civil movements of the 1980s that aimed at democratizing the authoritarian regimes of Central and Eastern Europe. The idea of the civil society, which reemerged after two centuries, not only inspired a nation-wide political protest movement and democratic modernization of the state, but also became one of the cornerstones of the conception of the local government, as cooperation with the local organizations, considered to be the most important agents of the third sector, has been inscribed directly into the local government statutes.

Muzeum Górnictwa Węglowego w Zabrzu...

Muzeum Górnictwa Węglowego w Zabrzu – opiekunem i propagatorem dziedzictwa górniczego

Author(s): Jan Jurkiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Jan, Food and Drink

Jan, jídlo a pití

Author(s): Radim Brázda / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: gastrosophy; philosophy of food; Feuerbach; Moleschott; dietetics; nutrition and literature;

The contribution summarizes Jan Zouhar’s lectures in the series of light-hearted conferences titled Food, Drink and European Culture, which he gave in 2002–2019. Using examples and references, it places their themes into the context of philosophy of food, known as gastrosophy.

Professor Totyu Totev – with a View to the Future

Професор Тотю Тотев – с поглед към бъдещето

Author(s): Mariana Petrova Mihaylova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: subject and method of accounting; environment; informatics; electronic technologies; digitalization

The article examines two of the works of prof. Totev, in which he defends his theses related to the development of the subject and method of accounting in line with the development of the economic realities of Bulgaria, but with an eye to the future related to the impact of human activity on the environment, the effect of the development of informatics and electronic technologies and the need for information. Specific, scientifically substantiated by prof. Totev's theoretical opinions are presented, supported by practical-applied solutions, the most prominent of which concern the necessity of creating accounting information on the use of natural resources; the related effects of this use on the environment; the measurement of the costs to be incurred by the enterprise for the protection or restoration of the environment. Considering that the works under study were published in 1979 and in 1983 the article addresses some of the contemporary responses to the theses defended by Prof. Totev, including the future of accounting, the independent development of both accounting and informatics, and electronic technologies as well as the current synergy between them to meet the information needs of users of enterprise financial statement information.

The concept of value, value systems and types of values (terminological and theoretical issues)

Pojęcie wartości, systemu wartości oraz typy i rodzaje wartości (kwestie terminologiczno‑teoretyczne)

Author(s): Tadeusz Michalczyk,Jadwiga Mazur / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: value system of values; value types

In the first part of the article are primarily terminology‑theoreticalissues concerningthe recognition of value in general, definitions of values and value system, and the hierarchyof values resulting from these considerations, methodological notes. The second partdiscusses the problems of typology and classification values, and general reflection.

Aromatherapy in Times of Plague in France (XVIth-XVIIth century

L’Aromathérapie au temps de la « peste » en France (XVIe-XVIIe siècles

Author(s): Magdalena Koźluk / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Medicine XVIth-XVIIth century; Aromatherapy; plague

Historians of medicine often write of the “psychosis” and “the omnipresent fear” that, in the Middle Ages, paralyzed the whole European population, due to the many mysteries that surrounded the plague, its origin, its inexplicable recurrence and its nature. These mysteries led to an abundance of treatises on the plague written in Latin as well as in the vernacular, which appeared in the XVIth and XVIIth centuries in France. Their authors, physicians, barber-surgeons and apothecaries, advanced theories and proposed efficient prophylactic treatments. Our research is concerns principally with the status of the proposed remedies, in particular on the importance of their aromas. We first consider the role assigned to the quality of the air (climate, home), to its alterations and to the best means of improving it (fumigation, incense). We then examine the aromatic composition of the remedies proposed, focusing on their forms and uses.

The concept of equilibrium in the competitive insurance market

Pojęcie równowagi na konkurencyjnym rynku ubezpieczeń

Author(s): Łukasz Kuryłowicz,Adam Śliwiński / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: równowaga rynkowa;rynek ubezpieczeń;rynek konkurencyjny;

The article shows the possibility of analyzing the insurance market by using the Rothschild–Stiglitz equilibrium model and its subsequent modifications. As an example the Polish market of compulsory third party liability insurance was used. The first part of the article describes this market, both in terms of its structure and the financial results of insurance companies operating in the group 10 of insurance. In the next part, the main focus is on describing the assumptions of the Rothschild–Stiglitz model both for the markets characterized by full common knowledge and those operating under the conditions of information asymmetry. In the last part, the authors used the Rothschild–Stiglitz model to simulate the market behavior after having introduced a new type of insurance contract which allowed access to information collected byon-board ADR recorders. The simulation showed that, in accordance with the model, the use of new technologies can bring the market closer to the state of equilibrium.

Solutions for the rehabilitation of historical monuments using innovative modern techniques and specialized software programs – case study Cula Cioabă-Chinţescu

Soluţii de reabilitare a monumentelor istorice utilizând tehnici moderne inovative şi programe software specializate – studiu de caz cula Cioabă-Chinţescu

Author(s): Antonio Valentin Tache / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: cultural heritage; reconstruction; UAV; 3D Scanner; 3D modeling;

The long-term protection of cultural heritage is an essential condition for sustainable development and preservation of territorial identity, and good documentation and registration of heritage objects allows to know, preserve and transmit them over time to future generations. The recording of cultural heritage currently uses different techniques and methods of documentation, especially in the field of architecture and urban planning. For the documentation of historical sites, different methods can be used to obtain 3D digital models that offer the possibility of documenting in accordance with the preservation of the original architecture and local specifics, as well as the creation of 3D archives. This article highlights the technical ways of obtaining digital models of heritage architectural ensembles and presents a case study of the rehabilitation of the Cioabă Chințescu kula, Șiacu village, Slivilești commune, Gorj county.

The Biblical Text and the Question-and-Answer Texts of Catechetical Type (on Material from the So-Called "Sermon of the Three Saints")

Библейският текст и въпросо-ответните текстове от катехитичен тип (върху материал от така наречената „Беседа на тримата светители“)

Author(s): Anisava Miltenova / Language(s): Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Urban Narratives as an Element of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Градските наративи като елемент на нематериално културно наследство

Author(s): Vasil Karadzhov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: narrative; narration; urban culture; intangible cultural heritage

The text provides a brief overview of the system of rules, laws, documents and institutions related to intangible cultural heritage in Bulgaria, looking for the place of oral traditions and forms of expression in them. Unlike traditional storytelling, which has a major role in folklore, modern ways of expression, carried out in an urban environment, hardly present their representative samples as elements of cultural heritage. The aim of the paper is to propose narratives as contemporary forms of storytelling in cities, to present their role in the cultural expression of urban communities and their participation in the formation of urban identity and cultural diversity. The recognition of urban narratives as a possible element of intangible cultural heritage will draw attention to their importance in the preservation and transmission of urban memory and traditions to the next generations.

The New City Crafts

Новите градски занаяти

Author(s): Elitsa Stoilova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: craft beer; craft beer culture; crafts

The research aims to understand the specifics of craft beer in the context of urban craft. In the last decade, the production and consumption of the so-called “craft beers” are gaining popularity in Bulgaria. This new phenomenon is also associated with the imposition of a specific culture of consumption and production ethics, which are defined as craft beer culture. This emerging culture of production and consumption is characterized by the imposition of a new business model that is based on shared knowledge, close relationships between brewers, mutual sharing of experience and often joint projects. Another specificity is the development of market relationships, in which consumer-user relationships are shortened and become more and more immediate. The industry is based on traditional knowledge and innovation, as well as close producer-consumer relationships. The paper will trace the development of craft beer culture in Bulgaria.

Production of Old Serbia: Following the Travel-Writers, Tracing the Folklore

Proizvođenje Stare Srbije: stopama putopisca, tragom folklora

Author(s): Srđan Atanasovski / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Serbian nationalism; Old Serbia; Macedonia; travelogues; ethnography;

In this paper I analyse the travelogues from Old Serbia, which were a developed literary genre in Serbia at the end of the long nineteenth century, as a mechanism of vindicating the territorial claims of the discourse of Serbian nationalism. In the period when the portrayed lands were under Ottoman rule and deemed inaccessible to most of the Serbian population, which regarded them as the core of their national territory, these travelogues were unique way for the public to gain first-hand information about these lands. After a brief historical overview of the development of the genre, I analyse the literary mechanism through which these lands were efficiently labeled as Serbian. I particularly discuss the importance of scientific data copiously provided in the travelogues, on the issues of languages, customs, etc.

Serbian-Albanian Mixed Marriages: When Patriarchy Breaks the Barriers of Nationalism

Srpsko-albanski mešoviti brakovi: kada patrijarhalnost lomi barijere nacionalizma

Author(s): Armanda Hysa / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: patriarchy; nationalism; mixed marriages; Sandžak;

This article deals with an interesting social phenomenon, namely the mixed marriages between Serbian men and Albanian women from Albania. The article is based on fieldwork in the region of Sandžak. However, the examination od this phenomenon transcends both geographical and theoretical scope of this article, and tries to offer a new approach to the study of links between patriarchy and nationalism.

“We, the Sons of the Nation“ – Intellectuals as Generators of Albanian and Serbian National Ideas and Programs

„Mi, sinovi nacije“ – intelektualci kao generatori albanskih i srpskih nacionalnih ideja i programa

Author(s): Rigels Halili / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: intellectuals; nationalism; political ideas; political programmes;

The paper offers a historical and textual comparative analysis of two very important documents: the Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts written in 1986, and the Platform for the Solution of the National Albanian Question presented by the Albanian Academy of Sciences in 1998. On this basis, the paper inquires on the role of intellectuals as generators of national ideas, ideologies and programs. The article provides a detailed analysis of both documents and thereafter offers an analysis of the socio-political contexts, in which both texts were produced. Simultaneoulsy, the article tried to contextualise both these documents in the Serbian and Albanian nationalist discourses respectively.

The Symbolism of Powerlessness: Intellectuals and Serbian-Albanian Relations in the post-Yugoslav Context

Simbolika nemoći: intelektualci i srpsko-albanski odnosi u postjugoslovenskom kontekstu

Author(s): Gazela Pudar Draško / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Intellectuals; figure of the Other; discursive strategies; Kosovo; nation;

This article explores the attitudes of Serbian intellectuals in relation to Kosovo as a geographic area that gain special status and importance by being infused by symbolic meanings. The article aims at identifying and operationalizing discursive strategies through which the intellectuals use the notion of Kosovo and/or the metaphor "enemy/ the “Other“ figure“. The analysis of statements and writings of the intellectuals focuses on three seminal events of the post-Yugoslav, i.e. post-Milosević’s period, which marked the process of Kosovo independence. The events in question have are the “Kosovo pogrom“ from 2004, Kosovo declaration of independence in 2008 and the signing of the Brussels Agreement in 2013. The article should testify about the dilemmas (or the lack of thereof) among the intellectuals “by fate“ interested or provoked to publicly express their views on “the Kosovo question“ – does by being intellectual one is indebted above all to be loyal to his/her nation and to fight for its “rights“ through intellectual means, or actually to protest against the national and other euphoria and to promote universal values?

Enemies and Men

Neprijatelji i ljudi

Author(s): Basri Çapriqi / Language(s): Serbian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Balkan; enemies; Balkan identity; writers and conflict;

In the first part, this article embraces the idea of a common Balkan identity that has roots in Antiquity and of linguistic and cultural Balkan unity following from the Ancient Greek culture. It then follows the demise of this Balkan identity during the rise of nationalism in the nineteenth century, and advocates that it is the time to leave the conflict in the past and to pacify and reunite the Balkans in the European Union. The second part of the article discusses negative influence of writers on promoting the conflicts in the Balkans, to emphasize several authors and literary works that by its pacifism and humanism stand out from the main current: The Immigrants – the Songs of Ali Binak by Radovan Zogović, Ali Podrimja’s Happy Ending, Predrag Lucić’s Ići Mići Ahmići and The Elite Worse Than the Crowd by Mirko Kovač.

The influence of religious denominations on the formation of the Belarusian national consciousness in the 19th century

Wpływ wyznań religijnych na kształtowanie się białoruskiej świadomości narodowej w XIX wieku

Author(s): Antoni Mironowicz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Orthodox Church; Catholic Church; Belarus; national consciousness

In the late 19th century national movements prevailed in the Russian Empire, and nationality and religion converged. In 1897 Russian territories were dominated by the Orthodox population (75%), which inhabited mainly the European part of Russia and the Siberian regions colonized by the Russians. Orthodoxy was rather weak in the peripheral provinces of the Empire. The Congress Kingdom of Poland was dominated by Catholics, Finland, Estonia and Latvia featured mostly Protestants, while Muslims prevailed in Central Asia. In the 19th century no religion in Belarus was conducive to Belarusian national revival. It is a myth to point to the Uniate Church as a source of national revival. This rite, Latinized in the 18th century, became the object of rivalry between the two main Christian denominations: the Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church, which has been a strong Russification factor on the territory of Belarus, did not foster Belarusian national revival. Even though most of the pioneers of the revival belonged to it, the Catholic Church also did nothing to support the Belarusianization of religious life. Catholicism remained a Polish religion reluctant to Belarusian national ideas. We also have no evidence of any role of Protestant or non-Christian denominations in shaping the Belarusian national movement.