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Subaltern Autonomy: Dalit Students’ Identity Politics in India

Subalterno autonomiškumo analizė: dalitų studentų identiteto politika Indijoje

Author(s): Kristina Garalytė / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: Subaltern; Untouchability; Dalits; Caste; Social movements; Identity politics; Hindu nationalism

Based on the fieldwork yielding 24 unstructured in-depth interviews at universities of Hyder¬abad, India, the present paper analyses Dalit, known as the ex-untouchable, students’ identity politics from the perspective of Subaltern Studies. The focus on Dalit students’ cultural festivals provides a framework for the analysis and the conceptualisation of the subaltern’s autonomy. Dalit students venture to reconstruct their identity in cultural and historical terms by creat¬ing an ideological framework for the establishment of an alternative “counter culture” which is infused and fused with negative anti-Brahmanical, anti-Hindu and anti-nationalist connota¬tions, as well as claims for cultural difference. On the other hand, the desired cultural differ¬ence is achieved through re-interpretation of the dominant Hindu culture. Paradoxically, Dalits achieve the aim of cultural differentiation through becoming part of the dominant discourse paradigm. Otherwise stated, the Dalit “counter culture” is directed against Hindu nationalist discourse, but the “counter culture” manifests and represents itself through symbols of the dom¬inant discourse. This paradox evokes the dichotomous view posited by the Subaltern School. The dichotomy is posed as a question: whether the subaltern embodies autonomous culture and politics (Guha, 1988) or whether the subaltern is inevitably an effect of the logic of the dominant discourse. The latter relates to Gayatri Spivak’s question “Can the Subaltern Speak?” (Spivak, 2006). By illustrating the reciprocal relationship between the dominant and the dominated, and the inevitable entanglement with each other, this article assumes a reciprocal understanding of social relations between subalternity and domination as continuously constituting each other (Chatterjee, 1993; Prakash, 1994; O’Hanlon, 1988).Straipsnyje, grindžiamame Haiderabado (Indija) universitetuose atlikto lauko tyrimo duome¬nimis, analizuojama dalitų (neliečiamųjų) studentų identiteto politika per subalterno studijų teorinę paradigmą. Dalitų studentų rengtos šventės yra parankus atvejis atliekant subalterno au¬tonomiškumo analizę, nes atskleidžia prieštaringą studentų pasirinktą strategiją. Dalitai studen¬tai, pasitelkdami įvairius kultūrinius, istorinius ir politinius išteklius, rekonstruoja savo išskirti¬nę kultūrinę tapatybę, formuodami ideologinę paradigmą, persmelktą „neigiamų“ sentimentų, nukreiptų prieš brahmanišką hindų nacionalizmo diskursą. Kartu šis kultūrinio savitumo siekis įgyvendinamas „teigiamai“ perinterpretavus dominuojančią hinduizmo kultūrą, kas savaime įtraukia dalitus į tą patį dominuojančio diskurso įtakos lauką. Šis dvilypis prieštaringas požiūris į įsivaizduojamąjį „kitą“ leidžia sieti empirinio tyrimo medžiagą su vienu esminiu subalterno studijų klausimu – ar subalternas įkūnija nepriklausomą kultūrinį ir politinį diskursą (Guha), ar visgi savaime yra neišvengiama dominuojančio diskurso dalis (Spivak). Atskleidžiant abipusį dominuojančiojo ir pavaldžiojo santykį ir neišvengiamą jų susisaistymą, remiamasi nuolat vie¬nas nuo kito priklausančių socialinių dominavimo ir pavaldumo santykių samprata (Chatterjee, Prakash, O’Hanlon).

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Some Aspects of Industrial Policy in the New Model of Economic Development of Serbia

Some Aspects of Industrial Policy in the New Model of Economic Development of Serbia

Author(s): Vladimir Mitrović,Ivana Mitrović / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2017

Keywords: Industrialization; Reindustrialization; Industrial Policy; Development Model; Export Industry

The industry in Serbia suffered a collapse after the beginning of the transitional period of transition from the socialist self authors in this paper aims to shou how the collapse of industry in Serbia took place not only because of the lag in technological innovation, but primarily due to the wrong policies in the broader sense, and therefore economic policy and politics of transition. Oue of the key research questions that we have tried to answer is whether it is possible to build a dynamic model that simultaneously prevents negative impacts of self problems that economic development creates bureaucracy, often corrupt and inefficient states, au the other side. Authors will confirm that the only export possiblle can significantly solve som of the key proindustrialization of Serbia can not happen spontaneously, it requires a state activist approach, which certainly does not mean more state control and the development of industry, but the effective implementation of industrial policy, which would have to be in a more indirect with many different measures and procedures. Work consists of research of theoretical character which is implemented in accordance with the modern techniques of the methodology of scentific res Theoretical analysis of the research is supported by the findings of international and natioanal scientific and professional literature, and knowledge of the authors who in thier works analyzed the issues that are subject of this investigation - management in the capitalist socio-economic system.

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A Semantic-Pragmatic Theory of Proper Names

Semantinė pragmatinė tikrinių žodžių teorija

Author(s): Willy Van Langendonck / Language(s): English / Issue: 69/2013

Keywords: unique denotation; reference; name lemma; presupposition; definiteness; basic level meaning; established linguistic convention; grammar; translation;

This article aims at an extended semantic-pragmatic analysis of proper names in reaction to the reductionist approach of Richard Coates’ Pragmatic Theory of Properhood (ALL 2012). It is argued that names have at least two kinds of presupposition: grammatical features (especially definiteness) and a categorical (basic level) presupposition, which makes subcategorization of names possible. All this is connected to the claim that names do not only refer uniquely in language use (a frequent function, though not the only one) but also denote uniquely at the level of established linguistic convention. To render this acceptable, it is essential to distinguish between name and name lemma. This distinction is also relevant to the realm of possible connotations and the issue of name translation. Grammatical, philosophical, psycho- and neurolinguistic evidence is adduced.

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RECONSIDERING THE CLOISONNÉ MOUNTS ON THE ‘VASE OF SAINT MARTIN’ AT ST. MAURICE D’AGAUNE

RECONSIDERING THE CLOISONNÉ MOUNTS ON THE ‘VASE OF SAINT MARTIN’ AT ST. MAURICE D’AGAUNE

Author(s): D. Noël Adams / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2008

Keywords: Abbey at St. Maurice d’Agaune in Switzerland; Byzantine enamelled ewer; Vase of Saint Martin;

The ancient Abbey at St. Maurice d’Agaune in Switzerland holds three key treasures representing the art of early Medieval inlaying – a sardonyx ewer with garnet cloisonné mounts (Fig. 1), a Byzantine enamelled ewer and an eighth-century reliquary decorated with overall garnet cloisonné. The enamelled gold ewer, which has resisted many attempts at dating and interpretation, has been one focus of Csanád Balint’s multi-faceted research. I hope that this re-examination of the conventional dating of the cloisonné mounts on its companion piece, the sardonyx ewer known as the ‘Vase of Saint Martin’, will prove convincing and serve as a small tribute to his wide-ranging and inspiring mind. In contrast to the enameled gold ewer, the remarkable gold and cloisonné mounts on the sardonyx ewer, have never been the subject of a study in their own right. This paper reconsiders several key technical and stylistic features and challenges the seventh-century date currently accepted in the literature and suggests that the mounts fit more closely with fifth- and early sixth-century goldworking and cloisonné technology. The following visual observations may someday be reinforced or amended by scientific analysis.

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INTERVENTION IN ROMA COMMUNITIES. CONTEXTUALIZATION AND STRATEGIC APPROACHES

INTERVENTION IN ROMA COMMUNITIES. CONTEXTUALIZATION AND STRATEGIC APPROACHES

Author(s): Corina Cace,Andreia Anton / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: regional development; social development; employment; education; Roma communities;

This article analyzes the context of development from the 4 southern regions of development in Romania: South-East, South-Muntenia, South-West Oltenia and Bucharest-Ilfov. The study highlights regional specificities in terms of employment, education and the situation of the Roma population. The data are of secondary type and come from administrative and statistical sources. The role of contextualization is to outline the modalities of intervention through applied projects that contribute to increasing access to the labour market for the Roma population. Although the regions are similar, certain differences occur, which determine the appropriate interventions in the regional or local contexts. An integrated approach that considers many components of social life is best suited to responding to multiple growing needs

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Challenging the reality – James MacCracken as a lecturer at the Jagiellonian University (1946–1948)

Challenging the reality – James MaCcracken as a lecturer at the Jagiellonian University (1946–1948)

Author(s): Tomasz Podłocki / Language(s): English / Issue: 73/2018

Keywords: James MacCracken; Uniwersytet Jagielloński; English Department; Fundacja Kościusz-kowska; Steven Mizwa

The aim of this article is to take a look at the two years of James MacCracken’s work at the Jagiellonian University in the academic years 1946/1947 and 1947/1948. I would like to answer the questions: why were they crucial for English studies in Krakow and how did both sides (individual students and professors as well as the MacCracken himself) contribute from this short period. Last but not least, referring to the main title: why was MacCracken’s being in Krakow a form of challenging the reality in the post-War Poland. The main source I used are the letters he had used to send from Poland to the Kosciuszko Foundation in New York – of course, combined with other archive materials which have survived in Poland and the USA.

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The Fortunes of Jēkabs Strazdiņš and his Art Collection in Soviet Latvia

Jēkaba Strazdiņa un viņa mākslas kolekcijas liktenis padomju Latvijā

Author(s): Jānis Kalnačs / Language(s): Latvian / Issue: 22/2019

Keywords: Jēkabs Strazdiņš; Latvian art; art collecting; Piebalga Art Museum; Soviet repressions

It was almost twenty years ago during my studies of artistic life under the German occupation when looking for the information on the Piebalga Art Museum founded by the artist Jēkabs Strazdiņš (1905–1958), eight high-quality works by Latvian artists were found at the abandoned “Kalnu Ormaņi” farmstead. They were restored and complemented with some other artworks to form the core of the Piebalga art collection. I wrote an article “The Piebalga Art Museum and Fortunes of Its Collection” about this find, assuming it was part of the museum that had perished at the end of the war. In 2016, Jēkabs Strazdiņš’ nephew Dags Strazdiņš donated more than 120 artworks to the Cēsis History and Art Museum. About half of them came from the collection amassed by the artist while the rest were his own paintings and drawings. This event prompted me to return once more to the artist’s last years, post-war events in “Kalna Ormaņi”, his collection for the Piebalga Art Museum and the intricate destinies of his own works in Latvia that had been repeatedly occupied by the USSR. Jēkabs Strazdiņš, a prolific exhibition reviewer and art critic in the 1920s–30s and in the German occupation period, wrote in 1944: “Our museums still lack sufficient collections of their [Latvian old masters’] best works and the information on their lives is scattered and obscure. Some of these artists’ best achievements are owned by private collectors and remain unknown to wider circles of art lovers.” Strazdiņš’ art collection that he gathered from the last pre-war years until his arrest in 1949, included more than 370 works by Latvian artists of the 19th – 20th century, according to the “catalogue” he carefully compiled in exile. The oldest pieces were prints by Oto Bērtiņš and Augusts Daugulis, drawings by Kārlis Hūns, paintings by Arturs Baumanis and Jūlijs Feders along with more works by the former students’ group Rūķis members – Ādams Alksnis, Vilhelms Purvītis, Janis Rozentāls and Johann Walter. Also included were some paintings by the Riga Artists’ Group modernists alongside a large number of paintings, sketches and graphic works by the artist’s contemporaries and even quite a few sculptures complemented by Russian, German, Italian, Dutch, Flemish, Spanish, English, Polish, Lithuanian and Estonian artists’ paintings, graphic works, applied art items and old books. This was the most valuable private art collection in the post-war years because the larger collection gathered by Pēteris Sniķers, Professor at the University of Latvia, had been to a great extent dissipated. In May 1940, a temporary exposition of the future Piebalga Art Museum for which about 100 artworks had been accumulated, was opened in Strazdiņš’ native parish of Jaunpiebalga. The destiny of this collection remains obscure in the post-war years that saw the return of Soviet power; however, it can be assumed that a part of it was destroyed but Strazdiņš managed to save another part by moving it to the nearest farmsteads or to Riga. Strazdiņš’ private collection and the collection he intended for the museum were probably merged. Jēkabs Strazdiņš, a docent at the Latvian SSR Academy of Art and the University of Latvia, was arrested together with his wife in March 1949. Like many inhabitants of Latvia, he was charged with counterrevolutionary activity according to the then oft-used article 58 of the RSFSR criminal code. Firstly, he was accused of failing to report national partisans present at his in-laws’ farmstead; his pre-war and German-period articles were also considered incriminating. As the censorship failed to find any anti-Soviet content in the articles, this part of the charge was dropped and replaced with keeping anti-Soviet literature; he was sentenced to 10 years in a labour camp. After Strazdiņš’ arrest, his belongings, including some 275 artworks, were confiscated and the Finance Department of the Riga City Stalin District handed them over to the State Latvian and Russian Art Museum (now Latvian National Museum of Art). About a quarter of these works were deemed to be of little value and sold. Strazdiņš’ own works ended up in the State Latvian and Russian Art Museum in a similar way. Part of his property – paintings, prints, crockery, furniture and several hundreds of books – were given to the then State Western European Art Museum (now the Art Museum Riga Bourse). A different fortune awaited one of the most precious parts of Strazdiņš’ art collection – nine paintings by the Estonian classic, founder of national painting Johann Köler (1826–1899) that the State Latvian and Russian Art Museum exchanged for six Latvian artists’ works. After Joseph Stalin’s death, Strazdiņš’ sentence was reviewed and only in spring 1956 it was reduced to the time already served. Because of poor health, the artist returned to Riga already in 1954 and tried to rejoin artistic life but died in 1958. He managed to regain his works and the greater part of this art collection before death. The Estonian Ministry of Culture paid him for Köler’s paintings that had ended up in Tallinn. The State Latvian and Russian Art Museum bought Arturs Baumanis’ canonic painting “The Horse of Destiny”, Vilhelms Purvītis’ late work “Autumn” and Nikolai Sverchkov’s (1817–1898) “Rider” but some artworks had been lost. Several paintings significant in Latvia’s art history (Voldemārs Matvejs’ “Seven Princesses” and Rūdolfs Pērle’s “Roses”) came to the Latvian National Museum of Art from the family before the tragic fire of 1997 that killed his children and destroyed a large part of his own works and those of his collection, damaging many others. Works from Strazdiņš’ collection and his own works that are now at the Cēsis History and Art Museum are gradually being restored for exhibition needs, commemorating one of the many artists whose lives were crushed by the Soviet system. His colleague Oļģerts Saldavs described Strazdiņš in 1940: “He is quiet and peaceful by nature, living more for his inner world. (..) As one of these people who strive to be true and avoid hypocrisy, Strazdiņš sometimes runs into a compromise with the art world because he believes in real and sincere artistic development”.

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Post-industrial America and Neo-imperialism in Russell Banks’s Novel Rule of the Bone

Post-industrial America and Neo-imperialism in Russell Banks’s Novel Rule of the Bone

Author(s): Lilijana Burcar / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2018

Keywords: male bildungsroman; post-industrial America; labour; neocolonialism; tourist industry; Marxism;

Russell Banks’s Rule of the Bone (1995) is a rare instance of a contemporary socially engaged American novel of development and maturation that rests, as this paper argues, on a systemic analysis of post-industrial Western reality and contemporary forms of Western-led imperialism. Grasping this reality and not coming to terms with it constitutes an essential part of the adolescent’s trajectory of growth and maturation. Rule of the Bone is America’s post-industrial working-class novel of maturation, the understanding of which lies at the intersection of Marxist and postcolonial theory. The novel addresses these complex social issues on a more basic but still insightful level accessible to teenagers and at the same time on a more intricate level that easily engages a more informed adult readership. In this sense, Rule of the Bone stands for what can be termed a crossover novel. Targeted primarily at an adult readership, it can prove to be of huge benefit to adolescents seeking to break out of the generic confines of contemporary, mainstream adolescent literature.

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TYPES OF TRADITIONAL HOUSES IN CETINJE AT THE END OF THE 19TH AND IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

TIPOLOGIJA TRADICIONALNIH KUĆA NA CETINJU S KRAJA XIX I POČETKA XX VIJEKA

Author(s): Goran Radović / Language(s): English,Serbian / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: House; street row; attic; yard; traditional;

Unlike the old towns in its vicinity, as early as the 15th century Cetinje was formed as an open town, devoid of any defence walls. Its natural environment of tall and impenetrable mountain ranges for many centuries made the natural ramparts and protection of this town. In the second half of the 19th century, Cetinje developed as a town with a clear orthogonal urban plan. Preserved until the present day, the orthogonal pattern was defined by two main parallel longitudinal streets: Njegoševa Street (former Katunska St.) and Bajova Street, interconnected by a number of cross streets. This orthogonal pattern included residential houses built in a street row, which together with a network of cross streets created small urban blocks, with closed and actively used back yards. The erection of houses in a street row entailed the addition of storeys, which resulted in a specific and clear functional organisational scheme. In line with the financial situation of the owners, at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Cetinje saw the development of four traditional types of residential houses, applicable even today. Thus, the traditional typology of houses in Cetinje includes the following four types: 1. Single-storey house; 2. Single-storey house with an attic; 3. Two-storey house; 4. Two-storey house with an attic. The houses were accessed directly from the street or the pavement, straight into the long hall connecting the entrance with the back yard. They had gable roofs with street-yard orientation. Also, they were characterised by the traditional horizontal street-house-yard spatial organisation, while the vertical spatial plan included: ground floor business premises with the entrance to the house and auxiliary facilities, residential upper floor and residential attic with bedrooms only. The yard was encircled by a not so high dry stone wall and contained outbuildings and auxiliary facilities. The façades were usually plastered, featuring tall windows with wooden shutters on the inner side. These types of houses are still built in Cetinje nowadays.

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Marketing Decision-Making in Hungarian SMEs

Marketing Decision-Making in Hungarian SMEs

Author(s): Mirkó Gáti,András Bauer / Language(s): English,Croatian / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises; small and medium-sized enterprise marketing, small and medium-sized enterprise marketing decisions; the scope of small and medium-sized enterprise marketing

Purpose – Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the economy, in both national and international markets. These organizations work under different conditions, possess different capabilities, and therefore have a different approach to certain company functions (e.g., marketing). SMEs define their marketing activity within a scope that differs from their large counterparts. Our aim is to provide a better understanding of certain influencing factors that are the antecedents to the understanding of an SME’s marketing activities.Design/Methodology/Approach – Since relatively little has been written on these effects, we decided to use a qualitative approach because of both the sample (SMEs) and the research problem. The SME marketingactivity was analyzed from an exploratory perspective, with the research conducted in the form of in-depth interviews in 15 SMEs. We had the opportunity to analyze our research questions in a Hungarian context.Findings and implications – As a result, some influencing patterns emerged, such as the deciding role of the SME leader, strong customer focus, the ability to adapt to the market, and innovative, entrepreneurial characteristics. The results can help both theoretical researchers of SME marketing and SME marketing practitioners.Limitations – The limitations of this paper lie in the sample size and structure, and in the limitations of qualitative methodology.Originality – Despite limitations, the influencing factors that emerged have not been analyzed in prior empirical studies in terms of SMEs’ decision-making factors in the context of online marketing and use of social media tools. By answering our research questions, we can provide a better explanation of how marketing decisions are made by SMEs.

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Questionnaire instrumentation for strategic vocabulary learning in the Swedish as a second language learning context

Questionnaire instrumentation for strategic vocabulary learning in the Swedish as a second language learning context

Author(s): Richard LaBontee / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: second language acquisition; vocabulary learning strategies; Swedish language; questionnaire instrumentation

This article reports on the final round of piloting for a questionnaire instrument created and designed with the intention of collecting self-report data on adult, beginner Swedish L2 learners’ use of vocabulary learning strategies. The Swedish Vocabulary Learning Strategy Survey (SVLSS) version 1.2 is distributed to 182 participants studying Swedish at institutes of higher learning in Sweden. The collected data set is subject to exploratory factor analysis to explore initial interpretations of the underlying constructs of the instrument, and analyzed for content validity and internal consistency. Readability and accessibility of the instrument is also addressed. Initial findings and interpretations are used to guide the development of a preliminary VLS taxonomy for the SVLSS, as well as suggest and perform revisions that will result in the SVLSS 2.0.

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Israelis Look at Poles via the Lens of the Cine‑Camera

Israelis Look at Poles via the Lens of the Cine‑Camera

Author(s): Ela Bauer / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: Holocaust survivors in Israeli films; Holocaust in Israeli cinema; Polish-Jewish relations during Second World War

There is already a wide range of studies that aim at understanding the different ways in which the Holocaust is presented in Israeli cinema. Although these studies present a wide spectrum of themes, processes, and points of view regarding this issue, this rich corpus of research does not include references to the various ways in which Polish-Jewish relations are portrayed in Israeli films. This article is interested in opening scholarly discussion on the ways in which Jewish-Polish relations are presented in several documentary and fictional Israeli films: Aba’le Bo La-lonapark (Daddy Come to the Amusement Park), directed by Nitza Gonen in 1995; Spring 1941, directed by Uri Barbash in 2007; Pizza b’Auschwitz (Pizza in Auschwitz) by Mosh Zimmerman in 2008; Ema shel Valentina (Valentina’s Mother), directed by Arik Lubzki and Matti Hararri in 2009; and Hakatayim (Past Life) directed by Avi Nesher in 2016. A discussion on the perception of Polish Jewish relations at this collection of films can add an additional angle to the topic of Polish-Jewish relations during and after the Second World War.

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CZARNOCKA’S CONCEPTION OF SYMBOLIC TRUTH. A MODEL OF EXPLANATION

CZARNOCKA’S CONCEPTION OF SYMBOLIC TRUTH. A MODEL OF EXPLANATION

Author(s): Michael H. Mitias / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: cognitive object; cognitive subject; explanation; transcendent; human nature; symbol; human values; cosmic process

The proposition I elucidates and defend in this paper is that the Transcendent can bean object of genuine knowledge and that the knowledge the philosophical mystic claimsof it is symbolic in nature. In my endeavor to achieve this aim I rely on MałgorzataCzarnocka’s conception of symbolic truth as a model of explanation. I am inclined tothink that, as a model of explanation, this conception sheds ample light on the possibility of having a cognitive experience of the Transcendent. The paper is composed of fourparts. The first part raises the question of the Transcendent as an object of knowledge.The second part advances a brief analysis of the main elements of Czarnozka’s conception of symbolic truth with special emphasis on her view of human nature. The thirdpart explicates the sense in which the conception of symbolic truth functions as a modelof explanation. The fourth part analyzes the conditions under which the Transcendentcan be an object of knowledge.

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The Polish-German Cultural Heritage Relationship in 1990-2019 – Main Controversies and Areas of Progress

The Polish-German Cultural Heritage Relationship in 1990-2019 – Main Controversies and Areas of Progress

Author(s): Karolina Wierczyńska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: cultural heritage; Poland; Germany; reconciliation; restitution;

This contribution refers comprehensively to the issues surrounding the legal and practical aspects of the Polish-German relationship in the area of cultural heritage between 1990-2019, taking into account the Second World War trauma which still shapes such mutual relations. The main research problems focused on the contexts of Poland’s and Germany’s policies towards the problems related to cultural heritage. Interestingly, mutual cooperation in many instances takes place regardless of the official political line of a given State and engages non-state institutional subjects on many levels.

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The Role of Objects and Situation Models in Film Transparency a Contribution to the Epistemology of Film

The Role of Objects and Situation Models in Film Transparency a Contribution to the Epistemology of Film

Author(s): Saša Milić / Language(s): English / Issue: 17/2012

Keywords: cinema; viewer; diegesis; situation model; transparency; object; interpretation; reality;

This paper deals with the problem of how viewers interpret feature films. It explains the role of mental models called situation models in interpreting diegetic worlds of fiction. By using P. F. Strawson’s interpretation that persons and material objects occupy a central position among logical subjects when we think about our world, and associating the knowledge of diegetic worlds of fiction with the knowledge of reality, we propose that these two can be compared and thus offer a better understanding of the role of extended networks of objects in viewing film narratives. Recognizing sight gags as particularly complex narrative figures, the paper describes the doubling of situation models by viewers interpreting specific sight gags. A result of this doubling is the incongruity registered by the viewer, who thus gains an analytical opening into the structure and functioning of individual situation models.

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Comparative Philosophy. Evolution in Understanding History of Philosophy

Komparativna filozofija evolucija jednog pristupa istoriji filozofije

Author(s): Dušan Pajin / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 15/2011

Keywords: comparative; trans-cultural; philosophy; oral tradition; dialectics; irony;

Communication between Europe and other regions in the world existed (more or less) depending on various circumstances, close to the beginning of Christianity. Import of silk, taking over certain “know-how” – like producing paper, silk, porcelain, steel, or printing), various inventions (compass, gun-powder, seismograph, etc.), or numerical systems (Arab-Indian numerals), went from East to West, between 100-1500 AD. A bit later, in colonial times the import of certain goods went on (coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, shawls, porcelain, or furniture). The next step was interest for Oriental culture, which followed Enlightenment times in Europe, and the discovery of values and ideas of the heritage of Asian cultures, gaining momentum during the 19th and 20th c. This took various forms and was developed in various fields. The first was related to language studies (in particular Sanskrit, which was considered as a proto-language of Indo-European languages). The second was comparative literature; third comparative mythology, religion, and mysticism; the fourth was comparative philosophy; the fifth, history of art, comparative aesthetics, and transcultural art philosophy; sixth was comparative psychology. “Oriental” studies meant that certain humanistic sciences took over the heritage of various culture of the East, “comparative” meant that in such cases the historian makes comparisons between western and eastern philosophies (noticing differences, similarities, or analogous ideas), while “transcultural” meant that the general standpoint went over Eurocentrism, which considered that certain cultural values, or creations, were a privilege of Europe, or European discoveries, which other cultures just had to take over in later times.

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BITEF BEHIND MY APARTMENT BUILDING: HOW AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL FIELD SITE (LITERALLY) CAME INTO MY BACKYARD

BITEF BEHIND MY APARTMENT BUILDING: HOW AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL FIELD SITE (LITERALLY) CAME INTO MY BACKYARD

Author(s): Vesna Vučinić Nešković / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2012

Keywords: urban anthropology; anthropological field site; neighborhood spaces; sitespecific performance; BITEF; Belgrade;

This text results from being caught in a course of events that, as an urban anthropologist, I simply could not neglect. Inspiration for this work came from the prospect that a satellite performance of the 2012 Belgrade International Theatre Festival (BITEF) would take place in my backyard. The text speaks about the process by which I got involved in the observation of the preparations and realization of a performance entitled "Everywhere is a Home". I thus intend to show how my roles multiplied and transformed, as well as how my relationship to the yard, both emotional and intellectual, changed from one day to another. In the end, I try to reconsider the experiences with the UNLISTED, a group of graduate students from the University of Arts in Belgrade comprising this artistic project, who succeeded in turning my backyard into an anthropological field site.

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The Experience of Systemic Transformation in Contemporary Biographical Narratives of Older Poles

The Experience of Systemic Transformation in Contemporary Biographical Narratives of Older Poles

Author(s): Danuta Życzyńska-Ciołek / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

Keywords: Systemic Transformation;Biographical Narrative;Older People;Polish Panel Survey POLPAN;

The aim of this article is to explore whether—from the subjective perspective of people born before the end of WWII—systemic transformation brought about significant changes in their individual lives, and if yes—what was the meaning of those changes for them. In particular, I examine how experiences related to the events that preceded systemic transformation in Poland or took place during its most intensive stage are reflected in contemporary biographical narratives of 49 persons aged 72 or more, for whom the period of professional activity, in whole or in major part, occurred in the times of the Polish People’s Republic. I perform the analysis in three steps. First, I investigate the place of systemic transformation in the narratives, and consider the reasons why it is relatively often absent or poorly reflected there. Second, I present thematic motifs prevailing in those interviews where references to the systemic change appear. In the third step, I investigate the meaning of experiences connected with transformation for the narrators, the accompanying emotions—some of them still persisting—and ways in which the narrators incorporated those experiences into their biographies. The underlying narratives come from people who were drawn for a nationwide quantitative panel survey many years ago, in 1987, and participated in it for the next 25-30 years.

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The noble heraldry of the pre-modern Moldavia

The noble heraldry of the pre-modern Moldavia

Author(s): Tudor-Radu Tiron,Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu / Language(s): English / Issue: 65/2019

Keywords: Principality of Moldavia; Moldavian noble class; coats of arms; seals; Phanariot age;

Attested upon the oldest preserved documents, the noble seals were using coats of arms, following Western influences. Less developed than in the rest of Europe, the local noble heraldry had an uninterrupted evolution, also during the Phanariots age. Only a part of the great noble lineages displayed coats of arms, while the armorial usage was rarely met with the lower nobility. Having interesting particularities, the local heraldry reflected the social status of the elites of the Principality of Moldavia.

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“Family Silver” or Artefacts (in) Memories of Forcibly Displaced Germans

“Family Silver” or Artefacts (in) Memories of Forcibly Displaced Germans

Author(s): Sandra Kreisslová,Jana Nosková / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: memory; family; generation; displaced Germans; artefact;

The study deals with the transmission of family memory in three three-generation families of Germans forcibly displaced from Czechoslovakia, in which the oldest generation, the so-called generation of experience, actually experienced the migration movement after the end of World War II. In the study, the family is seen as a specific social framework in which the past is retrieved. Generations are characterized in a biological sequence, with only the oldest “generation of experience” defined by Karl Mannheim. The research of generational family memory focuses on the actor’s reception through an analysis and interpretation of narrative and oral-history interviews with representatives of generations while exploring the way family memory is mediated. Specifically, the authors inquire into the role the memory media play in their materialized form, i.e. artefacts that act as an impulse and source of remembrance narrative, in the process of generational transmission of memories in families. The focus here is on remembrance narratives related to the forced displacement, which thematise material artifacts, with the focus being not only on what artifacts there are in connection with the recollection of this historical process and what stories are related to them, but also the effort to uncover the meaning and the function of these artifacts during family remembrance.

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