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Human Rights Education and Democracy

Human Rights Education and Democracy

Author(s): Anja Mihr / Language(s): English / Issue: 154/2010

Keywords: human rights education; democracy; state responsibility; human rights; values; ngo’s

Human Rights Education (HRE) is seen as a tool and method to unlock human rights and make them a living instrument of democratic societies. Successful democracies and societies are based on mutual respect of fundamental rights of people. With the end of the Cold War in the 1990s we encounter an increase of human rights awareness, democratic transitions, and growing involvement of international organizations and the nongovernmental sector in HRE. New information technologies, globalization, and the rise of civil society paved the way for new strategies and methods to disseminate the idea of human rights worldwide and along with it a better understanding of democratic concepts.

Human Rights in Serbia and Montenegro 2003

Human Rights in Serbia and Montenegro 2003

Author(s): Vojin Dimitrijević,Tatjana Papić / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2003

EUROPEAN UNION AND HUMAN RIGHTS

EUROPEAN UNION AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Florentina Burlacu / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2012

Keywords: European Union; Human Rights; European Convention on Human Rights; Charter of Fundamental Rights; Romania; Spain.

No matter whether they live in Europe, on the American continent, in Africa, Asia or Australia, humans have rights and obligations that ought to be respected. Regardless of the obvious differences between people, there is one thing common to every single one of us – the innate rights. Theviolation of human rights makes us step down the evolutionary ladder. I consider that respecting and defending human rights represents a key characteristic of any state that wants to be considered democratic. The level of development of a state is also indicated by the degree to which it respects the rights of both its citizens and non-citizens. Even if in the beginning it was built on a solely economic foundation, the European Union slowly developed, taking on many of the functions of a regular state. Due to its ambitions of becoming a better connected major political power, it was forced to draft a document defending the rights of community citizens. The question is: when economic interests and the interests of community citizens will become contradictory, which of them will prevail? Will European Union institutions intervene the moment a powerful member state violates human rights or will they overlook certain slips?

AN ESSAY ON HUMAN RIGHTS

AN ESSAY ON HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Pavlos Chr. Voskopoulos / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2004

Keywords: Ethnic Macedonians; Greece; human rights; European conventions; minority issues;

The author of this text examines the issues related to human rights, especially the expression of own identity of ethnic Macedonians in Greece, and the nonrecognition by the official Greek state administration. The author makes a detailed analysis on the situation with minorities and their rights in other European countries and the neighboring countries of Greece. He focuses upon the awareness of the fact that national states at the Balkans misuse minorities, presenting them as a basic destabilizing factor in the region.

Taking the Human out of Human Rights

Taking the Human out of Human Rights

Author(s): Petar Bojanić / Language(s): / Issue: 3/2015

Keywords: human rights; group; group rights; declaration; international legal human rights

What interest me are the reasons why “human” or “human rights” could be important or possibly most important in constituting a group (hence the introduction of the complicated word “group” and “group right(s)” in the subtitle). If I had to justify the existence of the latest debates on nature, justification and universality of human rights, on their distinction from other normative standards, on the philosophy and (legal) foundation of human rights, on “Human Rights without (or with) Foundations” (Raz, Tasioulas, Besson), then I would immediately conclude that this “process of grandiose concretization” of a complete fabrication is far from over. Despite the innumerable pacts and international conventions established after World War II, the slew of obligations to which states have agreed in the last few decades, the establishment of rights to secession or humanitarian intervention it is as if the constitution of classification of basic human rights and their universality is far from over.

The Rise of Jobbik, Populism, and the Symbolic Politics of Illiberalism in Contemporary Hungary

The Rise of Jobbik, Populism, and the Symbolic Politics of Illiberalism in Contemporary Hungary

Author(s): Jeffrey Stevenson Murer / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: hungary;populism

Following the economic crisis of 2007–2008, Hungarian politics turned dramatically to the right. In addition to the sweeping 2010 electoral victory of a two-thirds majority by the Fidesz party, a relatively recent upstart party, Jobbik, further yet to the right of Fidesz, also had a strong showing. This article explores the rise of Jobbik from deep nationalist, anti-Semitic and anti-Roma currents in Hungarian symbolic politics dating back to the last years of the 1980s and the early days of the 1990s. In its current form, Jobbik is more than a political party; through its direct action affiliates, its members engage in physical politics beyond the ballot box through acts of intimidation and violence. With its claims that it opposes liberalism, global capitalism, and Zionism, Jobbik is the face of a new illiberal politics in Europe that seeks to dismantle the project of the European Union.

The human rights and the terrorism

The human rights and the terrorism

Author(s): Hamidreza Rafiei Fanood,Saeid Azoogh / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2016

Keywords: human rights; terrorism; 11 September; regional and international conventions and organizations

Regarding Human rights has been emphasized by governments through universal declaration human rights and its violations faced the global reaction in any case. From this perspective; the necessity of observing human rights against terrorism has been emphasized by many resolutions of the General Assembly, the Security Council and many regional resolutions. But, today especially after the September 11 events and America unilateral attacks by resorting to human rights and of course by considering the lack of international agreement on the norms, strategies and principles of human rights, the campaign against terrorism has started on the basis of its obligations, regardless to existing norms. So it would be said that today; the war against terrorism more than any other terrorist attacks threatens the security and human rights. However, human rights framework has never prevented effective and legitimate actions to the terrorist attacks. In other words; in the human right framework, there is no conflict with the campaign against terrorism, it emphasizes on identifying and fighting and even it guarantees the effectiveness of such a fight. As a result, Human rights violations at the expense of security, certainly associated with the destruction of both.

The human rights within the good governance and the state of law

Drepturile omului în buna guvernare a statului de drept

Author(s): Ion Dragoman,David Ungureanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: rights; freedoms; government; administration;

Constitutionalization ideal governance by legal proclamation of human rights had an impact on understanding the mechanism of relations between state and society in that way social order is a matter of whim of government but their obligation right resulting from community the general interests are well managed temporary representatives of public authorities, it was normal, therefore, that the armed forces and public order is maintained to ensure the accomplishment of this ideal, against which meant breaking a way from their constitutional or may even oppose democratic governance.

CHRISTIAN ETHICS AND HUMAN RIGHTS

CHRISTIAN ETHICS AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Stefan Florea / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: Christian ethics; human rights; freedom; responsibility; God;

In the present study I want to emphasize that only in a saving relationship with God we can speak of theso-called human rights, the human being and continuing to be what he is, only when he centres andstabilizes in God. From our point of view, we will analyse the relationship between human rights andChristian ethics, which common or discordant points of view exist between the two, if they are perfectlycompatible or irreconcilable. Christian ethics recognizes the revelated foundation of these rights, andplaces them at the will of the Creator and the divine in the human being. As a model of respecting humandignity, human rights and freedoms, the Church offers God-the Creator Himself, the Saviour, andPerfection of Man.

Human Rights and the Right to Life

Human Rights and the Right to Life

Author(s): Aleksandar Todoroski / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2014

Keywords: Human rights; right to life; European Convention on Human Rights; morality of the human rights;

This essay is going to cover the topic of the human rights in general, the theories surrounding them, the categories of human rights and their position against public interests. A special emphasis will be put on the right to live as ‘… the supreme value in the international hierarchy of human rights…’ especially in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights (Article 2). The sole purpose of the paper is to challenge the readers to think about the essence, philosophy and morality of the human rights and the right to life, in particular. I hope to achieve that by providing a thorough analysis about different aspects of human rights and diverse views on them as well as by pointing out the importance of the right to life. This will have as a result not just a better understanding of the doctrine of human rights (which by itself is nothing more than just a theory) but hopefully it will also give rise in the mind of the reader, to a whole new, better and improved, more ethical view on the world and the people living in it. But, of course, it is up to the reader to decide if this essay is going to influence his opinion and challenge him to think more broadly and from a different, more moral perspective.

Cultural Relativism and Human Rights

Cultural Relativism and Human Rights

Author(s): Miloš Bogičević / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2012

Keywords: Cultural relativism; human rights;

The question that I seek to answer is whether cultural relativism about human rights (hereinafter “cultural relativism”) is a view that can give a good account of human rights. I will take cultural relativism to the view that human rights are not universal and that we should act in accordance with the standards set by our own cultures. I will take human rights to be a type of moral claim that an agent holds, a claim that has a corresponding duty that is owed to him/her. Human rights are individual-centered concerns and agents hold these rights in relation to, and sometimes against, the society or state (Donnelly, 1984, p.411). I shall argue that cultural relativism cannot give a good account of human rights understood in this way. This is because when individual human rights are in conflict with the values of a given culture - cultural relativism instructs us to give up individual human rights. In addition, I will argue that cultural relativism suffers from logical inconsistencies because cultural relativists need to resort to non-relative, value based arguments to defend their position.

Diplomacy and Human Rights

Diplomacy and Human Rights

Author(s): Adrian Ionuț Bogdan / Language(s): English / Issue: 23/2009

Keywords: diplomacy; human rights; ambiguity; contradiction; international relations;

The notion of human rights diplomacy is a recent one, influenced by the experience of the U.S. President, Jimmy Carter, and by Francois Mitterrand’s activity as President in France. Despite its ambiguities and contradictions, it might be said that it is influenced by classical diplomatic activity, because the promotion of human rights is one of the main goals of diplomacy.

Human Rights Policies in the EU

Human Rights Policies in the EU

Author(s): Alina Dodocioiu / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2006

Keywords: Humann right policies; EU;

Les droits de l'homme constituent la pierre de foundation de la politique étrangère de l'Union Européenne. Dans les dialogues politiques qu'elle entretient avec les les états tiers, dans les accords internationaux qu'elle conclut, dans coopération et dans ses actions multilatérales, l'Union Europénne cherche à soutenir l'universalité et l'indivisibilité des droits de l'homme. La protection des droits de l'homme, aussi bien que le soutien de la démocratie pluraliste et des garanties effectives de l'état de droit se trouvent parmis les buts essentiels de l'Union.

The Islam, Human Rights and Human Condition

The Islam, Human Rights and Human Condition

Author(s): Salaheldin Abdel Rehim,Mihail SIMION / Language(s): English / Issue: 08/2005

Keywords: The Islam; Human Rights and Human Condition;

Discuter des droits de l'homme dans le contexte spécifique de l'idéologie islamique signifie, premierement, donner au terme un sens assez different de celui qu'on emploie habituellement. L'article analyse le problème tel qu'il est reflété par le livre sacre du monde islamique, le Coran. Les droits de l'hommes sont liés à la conception musulmane sur la condition humaine.

EU AS A HUMAN RIGHTS ACTOR?

EU AS A HUMAN RIGHTS ACTOR?

Author(s): Kristína Janková,Lucia Mokrá / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: human rights; European Union; external relations; Copenhagen criteria;

The human rights are fundamental principle of the European Union law, which should be observed in adoption of legislative rules as well as in implementation practice. The EU had been initially founded as the economic cooperation project and an ambition to establish cooperation between its member states also in political agenda became more visible especially since the Lisbon Treaty, by which the position of EU in area of external relations was strengthened. The paper analyses position of the European Union when promoting and protecting human rights in external relations. As there exist several tools and mechanisms EU may use in implementation of human rights policy, we analyze the role of the EU in relation to the application of human rights in foreign policy as stated in Article 2 and Article 6 of the Treaty on European Union.

Beyond a Genealogy of Human Rights

Beyond a Genealogy of Human Rights

Author(s): Ivo Cerman / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: historiography; human rights; Dan Edelstein; contemporary history;Enlightenment;

The introductory essay explains the motivation for this discussion forum. After the success of Samuel Moyn’s slim book on Utopian human rights, the American historians of human rights began to turn a blind eye to the whole period before the 1970s, including the Age of Enlightenment. The focus is now more on persons and events of the Utopian decade, and not on the history of human rights. „On the Spirit of Rights“ is a recent monograph by an influential American historian, which may help reverse the tide. There follows a brief summary of the argument of the book and an introduction to the participants in the discussion. In his discussion of enlightenment authors, Edelstein focuses on the question whether they recognized natural rights after the social contract. He calls such an approach the „preservation regime“ and identifies the physiocrats as authors of such a solution.

The characteristics of trafficking in human beings in Hungary and Romania

The characteristics of trafficking in human beings in Hungary and Romania

Author(s): Petronella Deres,Szandra Windt / Language(s): English / Issue: XLII/2020

Keywords: trafficking in human beings;Romania;Hungary;exploitation;crime groups;

Hungary and Romania are both origin and transit countries for victims of human trafficking, considering the lack of work opportunities and the deep poverty in some parts of these countries. The TIP Report1 for 2019 lists both Hungary and Romania on the Tier 2 Watch List2 for different reasons. National and international organisations report an alarmingly high number of trafficking cases in both countries, while the number of trafficking investigations and the sentences for these crimes are low. Since 2010, the leadership of the two countries has tried to meet American and European expectations through various measures. New laws have been created in both Hungary and Romania, and there are numerous regulations that deal with victims of trafficking in human beings (hereinafter: THB). This desk research study, based on a comparison of Romania and Hungary, provides insights into the characteristics of THB in these countries.

ARE UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS UNIVERSAL?

ARE UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS UNIVERSAL?

Author(s): Ildus Yarulin,Evgeny Pozdnyakov / Language(s): English / Issue: 71/2021

Keywords: human rights; universality; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; national traditions and customs;

One of the issues constantly discussed in the context of human rights is their assessment as universal or relative. International human rights norms are universal, which corresponds to the nature of human rights. The process of universalization of human rights began after the second world war with the creation of the United Nations, whose Charter declared its determination to reaffirm faith in the fundamental rights of the individual, in the equality of men and women and in the equality of nations large and small. These intentions of the organization were confirmed by the adoption of universal documents: the International Bill of Human Rights, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenants on Human Rights, opened for signature on December 16, 1966, and other acts. However, the problem lies in the fact that human rights recognized at the international level as universal and enshrined in international instruments, which must be respected by all and everywhere, lose the signs and qualities of universality under the influence of various socio-cultural, national traditions and customs, religious and other factors, and acquire the meaning or status of relative ones.

HUMAN RIGHTS. POLAND AND THE UN DECLARATIONS ON HUMAN RIGHTS

HUMAN RIGHTS. POLAND AND THE UN DECLARATIONS ON HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Marcin Mamiński / Language(s): English / Issue: 31/2020

Keywords: human right; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; European Union; Poland;

Human rights are the foundation of democracy, a democratic society, freedom, justice and peace. Without human rights and awareness of their ownership, people cannot live in dignity. Human rights are the same for all of us, regardless of race, gender, religion, ethnicity, political or other beliefs, social origin, national origin, sexual orientation. There are cases in which human rights may be limited, but only in very specific situations, usually defined in international documents or constitutions of individual countries (e.g. due to the protection of certain values by the state, or due to threats such as war or public security). In 1948, Poland was one of the eight states that abstained from voting on the ratification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Until the transformation of the political system between 1989–1992, the number of international conventions dealing with the issue of human rights, which the Polish state had not ratified, has increased. Along with the democratization of public life in Poland and the accession process to the European Union, successive governments have signed certain conventions, but many important documents remain unratified or unimplemented, including significant conventions regarding the status of stateless persons or related to cluster munitions. This presentation aims at indication of the relation of Polish legislation and basic legal acts to the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and subsequent conventions aimed at protecting those rights. On the basis of a short comparative analysis, I will try to indicate how important human rights are to Poland nowadays.

Borders and Human Rights – A Paradox

Borders and Human Rights – A Paradox

Author(s): William Saunders / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: human rights; borders; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; report of the U.S; Commission on Unalienablgh;

The author considers various ways in which the concept of borders is relevant to an adequate understanding of human rights. He examines the role of nation states in human rights. He takes note of how contemporary claims of human rights could endanger the human rights project by violating the borders implicit in the concept of human rights. He examines the modern human rights foundational documents (such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) and the recent report on unalienable rights from the United States.