Keywords: Neuropsychiatric disorders; biodiversity; environment; mental health.
Due to the galloping increase in neuropsychiatric diseases in the context of excessive urbanization of living spaces that causes accelerated loss of surrounding biodiversity, lately there has also been an increased interest in interdisciplinary studies demonstrating the deep connection between neuroscience and biodiversity. In this way, we are presenting here unoriginal perspective in the form of a mini-editorial view on the relations between neuropsychiatric disorders and biodiversity.
More...Keywords: Schizophrenia; personality; zebrafish; animal models.
Personality traits play a crucial role in studying mental disorders because they offer insights into the individual differences and vulnerabilities that influence the onset, course, and treatment of these disorders. Recognizing the significance of personality in mental health research and clinical practice contributes to a more holistic and personalized approach to understanding and managing mental health conditions. Studying the relationship between personality traits and mental disorders can shed light on the underlying mechanisms and etiology of these disorders. It can help researchers identify common genetic, neural, and environmental factors that contribute to both personality traits and mental health conditions. Zebrafish are increasingly used as models for studying various mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. The existence of zebrafish personality traits can help elucidate how different individuals within a population may be more or less susceptible to these conditions. By examining the genetic underpinnings of zebrafish personality traits and their link to mental disorders, researchers can identify potential genetic markers and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Zebrafish research allows for in-depth exploration of the neural and neurochemical mechanisms underpinning personality traits and how these relate to mental disorders. Insights from zebrafish studies can inform our understanding of these mechanisms in more complex organisms.
More...Keywords: Lichen planus; stress; psychotherapy; psychodermatology.
Lichen planus is an immune-mediated idiopathic inflammatory dermatosis with a prevalence that remains high among middle-aged adults. The typical lesions are represented by purple, pruritic papules located on the extremities, trunk and genital region. Several exogenous agents have been implicated in the etiology of the condition, among which we can list viruses, drugs and contact allergens. Although the role of psychological factors in the occurrence of lichen planus has not been fully demonstrated, stress has an important impact in the initiation and especially in the maintenance of the disease. Along with drug treatment, stress management with the help of psychotherapy and a multidisciplinary collaboration between the dermatologist and the psychiatrist would be of real help for patients with severe forms of the disease. Research in the field of psychodermatology is currently a subject of real interest,considering the increasingly frequent association between skin conditions and some psychoemotional dysfunctions such as stress, anxiety, depression.
More...Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; psychiatric disorders; neuropsychological manifestations; gutbrain axis.
This short review aims to bring new data regarding the prevalence of mental manifestations/disorders among patients with IBD, to identify bidirectional relationships between psychiatric symptoms, course, and the response to treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, to identify the mechanisms involved in both IBD and psychiatric pathology, which would allow an appropriate management with a distinct approach depending on the associated psychiatric manifestations.
More...Keywords: Schizophrenia; employment; unemployment; quality of life.
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that most frequently occurs in late adolescence and early adulthood. Studies indicate that patients with schizophrenia have low employment rates, encountering difficulties in finding and keeping a steady job. This is a consequence of many factors that are connected to the patient, such as age, gender, education, marital status and factors related to the severity of the mental disorder. Low employment among patients with schizophrenia is also a reflection of the neurocognitive and social impairment that negatively impacts the quality of life. The aim of this review is to assess the psychological and social factors that have significant effects on employment outcomes among patients with schizophrenia. A better understanding of the causes of the low employment rate is necessary for developing effective interventions that will enhance patients’ social inclusion and quality of life.
More...Keywords: Neurotoxic; environment; alcohol; Mercury; Lead; TOCP;
In this study, we delve into the world of neurotoxicants, focusing particularly on three noted agents: alcohol, mercury, and lead, alongside a lesser-known yet potent chemical, TOCP (triortho-cresyl phosphate). Each of these substances possesses a unique mechanism of action, but collectively they share a disturbing ability to impair neurological function, often with irreversible consequences. As the fateful effects of these substances continue to infiltrate our environment, the urgency to understand, mitigate, and prevent their impact on human health has never been greater. This review unravels the intricate interplay between neurotoxicants and the environment, shedding light on the complex web of factors influencing human well-being in an increasingly toxic world.
More...Keywords: Folie a deux; inducer; induced; delusions; psychotic.
Shared psychotic disorder (folie à deux) is an uncommon condition marked by the transmission of delusional beliefs from one individual (the "dominant partner") to another(the "submissive partner"), typically connected by a close relationship. Currently, folie à deux is categorized in DSM-IV as "shared psychotic disorder" and in ICD10 as "induced delusional disorder." The aim of our work is to present a clinical case of folie àdeux involving a wife as the inducer and her husband as the induced partner, who lived in relative social isolation reinforcing the intensity of their shared delusions. This case underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing folie à deux in clinical practice, particularly within the context of intimate relationships where the potential for shared delusional beliefs may arise.
More...Keywords: Long-Acting Antipsychotics; schizophrenia; side effects; cost-effectiveness; history.
This research paper presents a comprehensive historical analysis of long-acting antipsychotic medications (LAI) tracing their evolution from the early days of oral formulations to the current landscape of sustained-release injectables. The study aims to provide insight into the chronological development, milestones, and paradigm shifts that have shaped the trajectory of LAIs in the treatment of psychotic disorders. The exploration commences with an examination of the pioneering efforts that led to the conceptualization of psychiatric medication, shedding light on the initial challenges faced in achieving therapeutic efficacy with sustained drug delivery. Through an in-depth historical lens, the paper highlights pivotal moments in the development of LAIs, including the advent of depot formulations and the subsequent refinement of pharmacokinetic properties for optimal symptom control. The analysis unfolds by delineating key milestones in the timeline of LAIs, incorporating landmark studies, regulatory approvals, and technological innovations that have influenced their adoption in psychiatric practice. A focus is placed on the societal and clinical impact of LAIs, emphasizing their role in addressing treatment non-adherence and reducing the burden of relapse. Furthermore, the paper explores the paradigmatic shift in the perception of LAIs, moving from skepticism to widespread acceptance within the psychiatric community. The historical context is used to illuminate the socio-cultural factors that have influenced the utilization of LAIs, including changing attitudes toward mental health treatment, patient empowerment, and evolving healthcare policies. In conclusion, this historical analysis provides a nuanced understanding of the journey of LAIs, underscoring their transformation from experimental formulations to indispensable tools in the contemporary psychiatric armamentarium. By tracing the historical tapestry of LAIs, this research contributes to a deeper appreciation of their evolution, offering valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers engaged in the ongoing discourse on the role of long-acting antipsychotic medications in the holistic management of psychotic disorders.
More...Keywords: Toxoplasmosis; induced-psychotic disorder; organic psychotic disorder.
Toxoplasma gondii infection has been correlated with an increased risk of psychosis, but the connection between T. gondii and psychosis-like symptoms in the general adult population remains unclear. This paper analyzes the case of a 36-year-old patient with psychiatric history who was hospitalized after a suicide attempt by medication ingestion. Serological lab test results indicated the presence of T. gondii antibodies, and psychiatric evaluation revealed symptoms such as auditory hallucinations, delusional ideas, and psychotic anxiety. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a demyelinating lesion in the right frontal area, and ophthalmologic examination revealed ocular abnormalities: lessening of nervous fibres in the temporal region of the retina, three macular and juxta-macular lesions. The formulated diagnosis was acute psychotic disorder secondary to a general medical condition. The patient's treatment included Olanzapine, Sertraline, and Diazepam, with good response. The discussion explores the potential link between toxoplasmosis and psychiatric manifestations, supporting the hypothesis of a causal relation. The conclusions highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach in diagnosing and treating mental disorders associated with somatic manifestations and organic causes.
More...Keywords: Vertebral trauma; paralytic syndrome; falls; depression.
Background Fractures of the cervical spine represent approximately 1-3% of all post-traumatic cases and approximately two-thirds of all spinal injuries. Post-traumatic spinal damage can cause paralysis and paralytic syndromes. An increased number of patients with plegia and paralytic syndromes develop psychiatric disorders every year. Objectives The purpose of this study consists in monitoring and correlating post-traumatic cases with injuries to the cervical spine addressed to ”N. Oblu” Clinical Emergency Hospital with the cases of patients with paralytic syndromes from the same period, addressed to ”Socola” Institute of Psychiatry. Methods The study sought to establish the frequency of cervical spine injuries, their epidemiology, particularities and locations depending on their mechanism of production, during 14 months period, between January 1, 2019 and February 29, 2020, within the ”N. Oblu” ClinicalEmergency Hospital, Iași and also the frequency, epidemiology and psychiatric diagnoses of patients with paralytic syndromes who addressed to the Institute of Psychiatry "Socola", Iași in the same period of time. Results Cervical spine traumas were more common in males, both adults and elderly, with an average age of 60.42 years, in the period between April and September, predominantly through falls involving the C2 vertebra. Some of these patients also had associated posttraumatic lesions at other sites and about one in five had spinal cord lesions. Within the Institute of Psychiatry, a high number of patients with paralytic syndromes were admitted to the hospital, some with several referrals in the same year, the average age being 61 years. Approximately 40% were referred for depression and, others being addressed for dementias, psychoses and anxiety. Conclusions The main cause of trauma is falls, more frequent in elderly and male patients. Cervical spine injuries can significantly influence the quality of life for the patient and his family, causing paralysis and paralytic syndromes, but also having a major impact from a psycho-social point of view.
More...Keywords: Depression; female depression; male depression; gender-tailored treatment; hormonal influences; sociocultural factors.
Background: Depression, a common yet complex mental health disorder, presents distinct challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Despite the universal impact of depression, emerging evidence suggests significant gender-based disparities in symptoms, underlying causes, and response to treatment modalities. In men, depression often manifests through atypical symptoms such as increased irritability, substance misuse, and risk-taking behaviors, which contrasts with the more traditional presentations of pervasive sadness and anxiety observed in women. These differences are underpinned by a variety of factors, including hormonal fluctuations, genetic vulnerabilities, and neurobiological variations. Moreover, the role of psychosocial influences, encompassing societal expectations and gender-specific stressors, is critically examined. Methods: In this study, we reviewed existing research to explore how depression varies between women and men. We searched through numerous studies published until January2024, looking at differences in symptoms, risk factors, and treatment responses. By summarizing and analyzing this information, we aim to offer insights into how depression uniquely affects each gender, which could help tailor better treatments for individuals. Results: Our review indicates gender differences in depression, with women showing higher rates of symptoms like sadness and men more often displaying irritability. Women also more frequently face comorbid conditions such as anxiety. Factors like hormonal changes and societal pressures contribute differently across genders and treatments show varied efficacy with women responding better to psychotherapy and men to medication. These insights highlight the need for gender-tailored approaches in depression treatment. Conclusions: Our review underscores the importance of considering gender-specific aspects in understanding depression, revealing differences in symptoms, risk factors, and treatment efficacy between genders. However, to fully grasp and address these disparities, further research into their underlying mechanisms is needed. Such efforts could lead to more customized and effective treatments, highlighting the necessity of gender-focused studies for improving mental health outcomes and personalizing care in depression management. Continual research into gender nuances is vital for advancing our comprehension and treatment approaches for this widespread and impactful condition.
More...Keywords: Influence; expectations; conviction; self-fulfilling prophecy; performance.
The Pygmalion Effect or Rosenthal effect is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations towards a person lead to improvement in the performance of the individual in a particular area. The Pygmalion/Rosenthal effect was named after the Greek myth of Pygmalion, a sculptor who fell in love with a statue he sculpted and named after the psychologist Robert Rosenthal. In their book, Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson applied the idea of the phenomenon to teachers' expectations of students, showing how these affect student performance, a view that has been partially undermined by subsequent research. Rosenthal and Jacobson argued that high expectations lead to better performance, and low expectations lead to worse outcomes, both effects leading to the self-fulfillment of prophecies. According to the Pygmalion effect, subjects acquire positive labels and manage to live up to expectations. A similar process works in the opposite direction, in the case of reduced expectations. The idea behind the Pygmalion effect is that an increase in the leader's expectations about the individual's performance will lead to better performance. In sociology, the effect is often invoked in relation to education and social class.
More...Keywords: Psoriasis; atopic dermatitis; biologic therapies; quality of life.
The skin is the body's largest organ and creates the initial impression when interacting with others. Thus, dermatological conditions can have a profound impact on the quality of life, affecting both mental and physical well-being. The increasingly common use of new biological therapies in dermatology for conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria represents hope for these patients, significantly improving their quality of life. Interleukin -17, -23, -4, -13 inhibitors (ixekizumab, guselkumab, tildrakizumab, secukinumab, dupilumab) target molecules involved in the onset of these diseases and manage to provide patients with sustained efficacy over time, with an optimal safety profile. Results have been quantified using scores such as PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index), DLQI(Dermatology Life Quality Index), GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7), analyzed by specialist physicians, revealing significant improvements following biological therapies.
More...Keywords: Telogen effluvium; psychological impact; hair loss; mental health; quality of life; holistic approach.
Telogen effluvium is a common form of hair loss characterized by diffuse thinning of hair on the scalp due to early entry of hair into the telogen phase. It often occurs as a reaction to physical or psychological stress, hormonal changes, or certain medications and can affect individuals of all ages and genders. This paper aims to explore the psychological impact of telogen effluvium, a frequently overlooked aspect of this condition. We investigate how this form of hair loss affects mental health, self-esteem, and overall quality of life. The review utilizes a comprehensive literature search in databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. We included studies focusing on telogen effluvium and its psychological consequences, prioritizing recent publications and high-quality evidence. The review highlights a significant association between telogen effluvium and psychological distress, including increased risks of anxiety, depression, and social phobia. The condition profoundly impacts self-image and can lead to decreased social interaction and diminished quality of life. Understanding the psychological impact of telogen effluvium is crucial for effective patient management. A holistic approach, incorporating both medical and psychological interventions, is recommended to address the comprehensive needs of these patients.
More...Keywords: Psoriasis; Depression; Molecular Interplay; Inflammation; Psychoneuroimmunology; Personalized Medicine;
Psoriasis and depression are prevalent and often co-occurring disorders, yet the molecular basis of their association remains inadequately understood. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the molecular links between psoriasis and depression, highlighting potential common pathways and mechanisms. We conducted a comprehensive literature search, examining studies that explored the molecular aspects of psoriasis and depression, with a specific focus on research identifying shared molecular pathways and markers. Our review reveals significant intersections in the molecular pathways of psoriasis and depression, particularly in the realms of inflammation, immune response, and genetic predispositions. Key findings include the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are elevated in both conditions, and genetic markers that may predispose individuals to both disorders. Understanding the molecular interplay between psoriasis and depression can offer valuable insights into new therapeutic approaches and the potential for personalized medicine. This review underscores the need for integrated management strategies in patients suffering from both conditions and highlights areas for future research.
More...Keywords: Suicide; suicide attempt; suicidal ideation; suicidal behaviour; alcohol use disorder; alcohol dependence.
Suicide represents a critical health problem and one of the most challenging complications of psychiatric disorders. People with alcohol use disorder face vulnerability to suicidal ideation, attempts, and completed suicide. Both suicide and alcohol use disorder are complex phenomena influenced by a multitude of factors, including biological, psychological, social, and environmental determinants. The aim of this review is to assess risk factors that are related to suicide in patients with alcohol use disorder, in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms. Elucidating the interplay between alcohol consumption and suicide risk is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies.
More...Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder; adults; late diagnosis; social challenges; policy implications.
This narrative review critically examines the underexplored domain of aging in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), highlighting the unique challenges and support needs faced by older adults on the spectrum. Despite increased recognition of ASD in younger populations, a significant knowledge and resource gap persists for older adults, who often navigate aging without adequate support or understanding. The review synthesizes research on the aging process in ASD, detailing specific challenges such as increased healthcare barriers, social isolation risks, and the complexities surrounding late diagnosis. It underscores the dire need for tailored intervention strategies and support mechanisms, critiquing the current inadequacies in addressing these needs. Furthermore, the review explores policy implications, advocating for a shift in the conceptualization and accommodation of autistic aging within healthcare and social services. It calls for a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary approach to research and support, urging collaboration among researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and the autistic community to ensure that aging individuals with ASD receive the necessary resources for a dignified life. Through a detailed synthesis of existing literature, this review illuminates the urgent need for focused attention on the aging ASD population, proposing future research directions that prioritize inclusivity and specificity in support strategies. It represents a call to action for developing a holistic framework that acknowledges and addresses the unique experiences of older adults with ASD, aiming for a future where they are supported comprehensively as they age.
More...Keywords: Postpartum depression; peripartum depression; post-birth depression; baby blues, pregnancy; newborn.
Postpartum depression affects about 10-15% of women, and it is a condition with negative consequences not only for the mother but also for the baby, the partner, and the entire family. There are many causes of postpartum depression: hormonal changes after childbirth, genetic predisposition, sleep deprivation, radical lifestyle changes, lack of emotional support, childbirth complications requiring a longer recovery, the birth of a child with health problems, and other emotional/social/economic factors influencing a mother's mental health. This paper features a particular and complex case of a 20-year-old woman diagnosed with postpartum depression who had numerous suicide attempts (ingesting several prescription drugs and a toxic substance) and psycho-cognitive damage. Intra-family conflicts aggravated the patient's symptomatology, separation from her newborn, and poor socioeconomic status, preventing her from continuing her treatment. This case provides a clear picture of the diversity and severity of symptoms occurring in postpartum depression and highlights the relevance of elaborating and implementing prevention measures.
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