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The Petersburg Text in the 20th-Century Estonian Literature

Peterburi tekst 20. sajandi eesti kirjanduses

Author(s): Irina Z. Belobrovtseva,Aurika Meimre / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 08/2005

Keywords: Estonian literature; the Peterburg text; metaphysics of the town; searching of one's in another's; finding oneself in others

In Russian literary culture the first mention of "the Petersburg text" belongs to a well-known literary critic and semiotician V. Toporov. St. Petersburg is, indeed, a unique city in Russian history: the day of the beginning of its construction is known; it was built according to a plan, thus resulting in a regular-shaped city; finally, according to the idea of its founder, Peter the Great, the city was intended to introduce the European spirit to Russia. This rational, formal beginning is, however, counterbalanced by numerous myths and legends, which allows one to speak of the mythology and metaphysics of St. Petersburg. In Estonian cultural history St. Petersburg used to have a higher value than any other Russian city. In 1860 a circle of so-called St. Petersburg patriots was established, uniting the Estonians who were struggling for the development of the self-consciousness of the Estonian people and their release from the Baltic Germans' authority. In the 20th century the image of St. Petersburg in the Estonian literature advanced both extensively (increasing the number of works containing "the Petersburg text") and intensively (extending the analysis of the semiotic and mythological role of this Northern capital in the Estonian life to the background of all three centuries of its existence). The article examines the reflection of St. Petersburg in the works, memoirs and diaries of 20th-century Estonian writers (A. Adson, A. Gailit, O. Kruus, O. Luts, H. Sergo a.o.), with the basic feature of finding oneself in the others.

"New Towns" from Bessarabia

„Oraşele noi” din Basarabia

Author(s): Mariana Şlapac / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1+2/2008

Keywords: ville; Bessarabie; urbanisation; typologie urbaine; town; Republic of Moldavia; Ismail; Bolgrad; Cahul

On sait que „les nouvelles villes” apparaissent comme suite des actions urbanistiques des pouvoirs centrales qui promeuvent une stratégie de type officiel. Il est possible avoir aussi lieu l’export d’urbanisation par l’intermédiaire des colonisateurs – les porteurs d’information urbanistique du lieu de naissance. Á tous les deux cas le procès de „matérialisation” du habitat reste à l’attention des fondateurs, mais les localités peuvent obtenir rarement l’ouverture vers les rivières, les zones portuaires ou les espaces verts. Il faut remarquer qu’au XIX-ème siècle les manifestations de l’urbanisme de „planche à dessin” sont fréquentes à toute l’Europe, mais le phénomène „des nouvelles villes” prend un grand ampleur. L’Empire Russe perpétue ce type d’habitat sur un territoire très étendu, particulièrement dans les provinces périphériques. À la Bessarabie „les nouvelles villes” sont crées après les principes du classicisme russe. Beaucoup de bâtiments d’intérêt commun et d’habiter, alignés aux lignes rouges des quartiers, imitent les modèles étalon inclus aux albums aux projets exemplaires élaborés d’une manière centralisée. Les exemples les plus illustratifs de „nouvelles villes” entre Prut et Nistru sont les localités Ismail, Cahul et Bolgrade. La première et la deuxième se doivent au pouvoir central, mais la dernière aux colonisateurs bulgares. Toutes se caractérisent par des organisations préconçues, des axes de composition majeure et des structures géométriques de détail. On organise „les nouvelles villes” selon des plans préetablits, de type „hippodamique”, d’une maximum rigueur, indifféremment de configuration du relief. Deux artères principales de circulation qui s’entrecroisent au centre dominent la trame de la rue. On dirige aussi l’emplacement des bâtiments d’habiter et la typologie du lotissement. Les accents urbanistiques majeurs sont les édifices d’importance citadine situées aux lieus les plus prestigieux des places complétées, périmètral aux autres constructions de dimensions plus petites. Les iles d’habiter sont très uniformes en représentant des „modules” de forme carrée ou rectangulaire.

Henrik Ibsen in Liviu Petrescu’s Criticism

Henrik Ibsen în critica lui Liviu Petrescu

Author(s): Robert Cincu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2014

Keywords: Ibsen, Petrescu, critical thinking, Romanian culture, comparatism, Scandinavian culture

The subject of the paper is that of Liviu Petrescu's criticism concerning the works of Henrik Ibsen. Petrescu's literary interests and methods separate him from most of the Romanian critics of his time – the philosophical background (existentialism in particular), for example, was an essential part of Petrescu's criticism, while most critics focused very little on such aspects. As far as literary interests are concerned, even Ibsen can be considered an unusual topic in Romanian literature, especially in the communist period. Petrescu, however, developed more than just a simple interest towards the works and personality of Henrik Ibsen (very interesting confessions on this topic can be found in Petrescu's correspondence with his wife Ioana Em. Petrescu). Our study thus discusses a series of critical ideas concerning Ibsen's work (the morality of his plays, for example, seems to be of great interest to Petrescu) that are still problematic to this day – as far as Romanian culture is concerned, it is only within the last decade that we can talk about a massive recovery of Scandinavian literature. However, the main subject of the paper is not Ibsen, but Liviu Petrescu and we shall try to determine very important features of his literary activity based on his unusual “ibsenian” interest. In other words, confessions, critical ideas, articles or private journals concerning Ibsen form a distinct part of Petrescu's work, that we shall analyze by meta-critical means, trying to define some essential coordinates in Petrescu's critical thinking. Ibsen's relevance in such a study is suggested by the fact that he was one of Petrescu's favorite authors (frequently quoted), thus we are inclined to believe that such an analysis would lead to clarifying results.

THE IMAGINARY CHILDHOOD UNIVERSE

THE IMAGINARY CHILDHOOD UNIVERSE

Author(s): Marinela Ionela Oprea / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 04/2014

Keywords: literature; childhood; pre-school; imagination; tale

Once upon a time… This is how the childhood of each and every of us starts. I don’t think there is someone who, as a child, hasn’t let itself be surrounded by this enchanted world as it was being shown either by the parents, or the grandparents, or anybody else, this being the prove to the fact that, in literature, the oral culture is gaining ground on the written words. This technical aspect though, did not matter at all to a child having the eyes wide open and being ready for an adventure! This fairy tale beginning was taking us to a wonderful world, where everything was possible – the good was defeating the evil and the righteousness was always winning. What a great utopia that was! But we believed it… and we were peacefully falling asleep continuing the adventure in our dreams. This glimpse of oral culture that has been passed to us when we were children is actually our cultural base and mostly the reason why we started to discover the amazing world of books.

Urban Landscape in the Moldavian Painting of the XXth and the beginning of the XXIth centuries

Peisajul urban în pictura Moldovei din secolul al XX-lea – începutul secolului al XXI-lea

Author(s): Ludmila Toma / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: art; painting; artistic image; harmony; colouring; workmanship

The author of the article highlights the specific problems, solved by the painting artists, in line with the general trends of plastic art development in the Republic of Moldova. At the beginning of the XX century, sketches prevailed, coupled with the unique desire to perceive the leisurely life of a provincial city. The unpretentious motifs reflected unexpectedly the observations and the state of mind of the authors even after the institution of the Soviet power. The tendency of the transformation of nature into lyrical images became a stable one in the creation of many artists. In the mid-1960s, the tendency towards decorative and monumental expressiveness grew. The re-evaluation of the experience of the European plastic artists was especially fruitful, fact confirmed not only by large-sized paintings, but also by the sketches, which thanks to a well-thoughtful idea obtained the value of the realized image. Almost all artists’ creations are linked to Chisinau where most of them live. The “tourist’s vision”, which reflects the impressions of the journeys in other regions, also becomes typical including landscapes with easily recognizable architectural constructions. However, the developed perception of the plastic imagination of the artists can often lead to unexpected interpretations of the objects. The aesthetic value of the works is in accordance with the originality of the author’s thinking, his ability to inspire the technical material, the unrepeatable intonations of artistic expression.

Reviews

Reviews

Author(s): Erzsébet Kámán,Terézia Nagy,Kornélia Buday,László Lukács,Mária Flórián,Vilmos Voigt / Language(s): English,German / Issue: 1-3/2005

Review of: Vilmos VOIGT - Vered AMIT (ed.): Biographical Dictionary of Social and Cultural Anthropology. London and New York: Routledge 2004, xxiii + 613 pp. Vilmos VOIGT - Mihály MÁTÉ: Tematikus bibliográfiák 1. Cigány tanulók oktatása – nevelése [Thematic Bibliographies 1. Teaching and education of Gypsy students]. (Cigány tanulmányok 11 [Gypsy Studies 11]). Pécs 2003, 82 (+1) pp. + CD Mária FLÓRIÁN - Katalin SZENDE: Otthon a városban. Társadalom és anyagi kultúra a középkori Sopronban, Pozsonyban és Eperjesen [Zu Hause in der Stadt. Gesellschaft und materielle Kultur im spätmittelalterlichen Ödenburg, Preßburg und Eperies]. (Társadalomés Mûvelôdéstörténeti Tanulmányok 32.) Budapest: MTA Történettudományi Intézete 2004, 318 Seiten, 16 Farbbilder. Deutsche Zusammenfassung Mária FLÓRIÁN - Margit MÉRY: Szlovákiai magyar parasztviseletek (Bauerntrachten von Ungarn in der Slowakei). Bratislava [Pozsony/Preßburg]: Clara Design Studio 2002, 236 Seiten, 164 Farbbilder, 38 Schwarz-Weiß- und Farbarchivfotos, in 31 Tabellen zusammengestellte Zeichnungen. Slowakische und deutsche Zusammenfassung László LUKÁCS - József LISZKA: Zwischen den Karpeten und der Ungarischen Tiefebene. Volkskunde der Ungarn in der Slowakei. (Passauer Studien zur Volkskunde 22.) Passau 2003, 505 Seiten mit Abbildungen Kornélia BUDAY - Lauren DUNDES (ed.): The Manner Born. Birth Rites in Cross Cultural Perspective. Oxford: Altamira Press 2003 Terézia NAGY - László KÜRTI: Youth and the State in Hungary. Capitalism, Communism and Class. London–Sterling, VA: Pluto Press 2002. Erzsébet KÁMÁN - [Verbotene Lektüre in Rußland im 17.–18. Jahrhundert. Textpublikationen]. Zusammengestellt von A. A. TOPORKOV und A. A. TURILOV. Moskau: Buchverlag Indrik 2002, 583 Seiten. Erzsébet KÁMÁN - [Der unbekannte V. J. PROPP]. Von A. MARTYNOVA und N. PROZOROVA zusammengestellt bzw. mit Vorwort und Kommentaren ergänzt. St. Petersburg: Buchverlag Aleteja 2002, 480 Seiten. Erzsébet KÁMÁN - [Schemen des slawischen Heidentums]. Zusammengestellt von Svetlana Tolstaja. Moskau: Buchverlag Indrik 2003, 623 Seiten.

Psychology of Morality on the Tolstoist’s Views of Dimitre Katzaroff

Психология на нравствеността в толстоистките възгледи на Димитър Кацаров

Author(s): Mariyana Nyagolova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2013

Keywords: Tolstoism; pedagogical views and moral principals of L. N. Tolstoi; functionalism; functional equality; psychology of morality.

The article is devoted to the scientific creative work of eminent Bulgarian pedagogues and psychologist – corresponding member of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Dimitre Katzaroff, PhD. This investigation is focused on his relation with tolstoism and the application of its tolsoist views in the preparation of its scientific publications. The basic lines of the pedagogic ideas of Tolstoi, represented in the review “The free education”, are viewed, as well as its evaluation for the practice of education, made from Professor Peter Noikov, in 1910. The article discussed the directions for application of the moral principles of tolstoism in the pedagogical works of Dimitre Katzaroff. The view of Katzaroff on the psychology of morality, based on the ideas of Lev Tolstoi is discussed too.

Towards a naturalisation of ontologies of the fictional literary entities. A possible overview

SPRE O NATURALIZARE A ONTOLOGIEI ENTITĂŢILOR LITERARE FICTIVE. SCHIŢĂ POSIBILĂ

Author(s): Ioan Biriș / Language(s): Romanian,Moldavian / Issue: 4/2017

Keywords: fictional entities; Frege; Meinong; Russell; John Searle;

Our paper starts from the ontological dualism “existing object-fictionalobject”. From a historical-philosophical view, we take into consideration the referenceto two “inflationist” perspectives on the ontology of object: the perspective of Frege (withthe inflation of meanings), and the perspective of Meinong (with the inflation of referents).The perspective of Meinong mainly leads to a paradoxical situation: there are objects(as the fictional ones), which are not objects! Bertrand Russell’s critique of Meinong’stheory results in its temporary obliteration, but the theory has regained attention in thelast decades. What solution could we accept for the ontology of fictional objects, suchas literary ones? Our argument evaluates the teleological model (of Nelson Goodman),and the naturalist model of John Searle, putting the explicative confidence into the last one.

"A boaring story". Interpretive visions in light of a Cekhovian moral philosophy

„O poveste banală”. Deschideri de interpretare în cheia unei filosofii morale la Cehov

Author(s): Ciprian Tudor / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: Chekhov; History of Ideas; Philosophy;

The article explores the meanings of Chekhov’s “Boring Story” and advances a possible interpretation, based on Chekhov’s moral beliefs. More exactly, the analysis starts by considering the philosophical and ideological problem of the necessity (or non-necessity) for a system of principles to exist, so that it would govern and give meaning to human life. The parallel with Tolstoy’s religious ideology, as well as with a nihilist moral relativism, points to a distinctly Chekhovian ethical attitude which may be seen as a forerunner of existentialism.

I sculptured how the heart functions, its physiology

„AM SCULPTAT CUM FUNCȚIONEAZĂ INIMA, FIZIOLOGIA EI”

Author(s): Anca Sirghie,Georg Mircea Mitrohin / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: destiny; courage; talent; meditation on existence;

Our diaspora has personalities that, in the new season after the 1989 Revolution, deserve to communicate with the country, since their ties with the motherland have been broken for years due to very well-known reasons. Hence, the need to have a dialogue with the anesthesiologist from Freiburg, who impressed me with his tolstoyan beard, and to paint the portrait of a man worthwhile to be known by the readers of Sibiu, those across the country, and the communities of our fellow countrymen from all over the world.

Memory of the academic space — 2013

Memoria spațiului academic — 2013

Author(s): Ion Toderașcu,Constantin Toma,Elena Bîcu,Ioan Macovei,Elisabeta Jaba,Mihai Toma,Alexandru Ungureanu,Nicolae Ursulescu,Livia Cotorcea,Vasile Oproiu,Mihai-Dinu Gheorghiu,Mihai Vizitiu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 04/2013

Keywords: University of Iasi; academia; local history;

The Memory of the Academic Space series aims to honor the personalities that served the "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iași throughout its history.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

RECENZII

Author(s): Iordache Ruxandra,Lorena Stuparu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 4/2019

Death of Patriarch Nicodim and installation of Patriarch Justinian Marina

Moartea Patriarhului Nicodim şi instalarea Patriarhului Justinian Marina

Author(s): Mircea Gelu Buta / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 09/2019

Keywords: Patriarch Nicodim Munteanu; funeral of Patriarch Nicodim; installation of Patriarch Justinian;

At the beginning of March 1948, at the age of 83, Nicodim Munteanul, Patriarch of Romania, passed away. The official burial ceremony of Patriarch Nicodim was held on Thursday, March 4th. At 9.00 am, a solemn meeting of the Holy Synod was held in the Patriarchal Palace to commemorate the deceased Patriarch, attended by all the bishops of the Romanian Orthodox Church and the delegates of the Orthodox Churches from neighboring countries. The religious service of the funeral was officiated by their Eminences Metropolitans Justinian of Moldova, Nicolae of Transylvania and Vasile of Banat, together with the present Bishops and a synaxis of priests and deacons. On June 6th, 1948, His Eminence Iustinian Marina was elected as the new Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church. The investiture of the new Patriarch took place on the same day, in a solemn setting, witnessed by the members of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly.

„2019 – the Commemorative Year of Patriarchs Nicodim Munteanu and Iustin Moisescu and the Church book translators in the Romanian Patriarchy”

2019 – Anul comemorativ al patriarhilor Nicodim Munteanu și Iustin Moisescu și al traducătorilor de cărți bisericești în Patriarhia Română

Author(s): Daniel Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 10-12/2019

Keywords: commemorative year; Patriarch; Nicodim Munteanu; Iustin Moisescu; Church text translators;

Address at the opening of the works of the Autumn Pastoral-Missionary Conference of Clergy of the Archdiocese of Bucharest, Bucharest, November 11-12 2019, Great Hall of the National Children's Palace, with the theme „2019 – the Commemorative Year of Patriarchs Nicodim Munteanu and Iustin Moisescu and the Church book translators in the Romanian Patriarchy”.

Saving the Selves or Saving the Others? Responses to Old Catholicism in Late Imperial Russia

Saving the Selves or Saving the Others? Responses to Old Catholicism in Late Imperial Russia

Author(s): Mikhail Suslov / Language(s): English / Issue: 41/2020

Keywords: Old Catholicism; Late Imperial Russia; Messianic thought in Russia;

This paper examines Messianic thought in Russia through political and theological debates on the Old Catholic movement. The Old Catholic Church emerged as a reaction to the first Vatican Council (1870) with the program of reconnecting with the Lutheran, Anglican and Orthodox Churches on the theological foundation, laid out by the Church fathers and Church councils of the first ten centuries of Christianity. The Old Catholic question, which initially appeared as one of purely ecclesiological and perhaps theological interest, was broadly aired and discussed by literally every significant Russian public figure in the 1870s–1900s. Although Old Catholicism per se and its relations with the Russian Orthodox Christianity have not been successful to date, it induced the crystallization of a network of sympathizers in the Russian Empire. For them, Old Catholicism was a means to voice their discontent with the official Church and to shape their alternative visions about Russian Orthodoxy in world history. The Old Catholic movement stirred up religious and geopolitical hopes and initiated important ideological and theological discussions, which revolved around such questions as, what is Russia’s role in the world, and how can religious principles be implemented in everyday life.

DAS STUNDEN-BUCH v CEASLOVUL - A JOURNEY BETWEEN ORTHODOXY RUSSIAN AND GERMAN EXPRESSION LITERARY SPACE AT RAINER MARIA RILKE

DAS STUNDEN-BUCH / CEASLOVUL - PERIPLU ÎNTRE ORTODOXIA RUSEASCĂ ȘI SPAȚIUL LITERAR DE EXPRESIE GERMANĂ LA RAINER MARIA RILKE

Author(s): Cella Botoș / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 26/2020

THE ALTERNATIVE AS AESTHETIC GESTURE

ALTERNATIVA CA GEST ESTETIC

Author(s): Angelina Roșca-Ichim / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 4(41)/2021

Keywords: alternative; aesthetic gesture; provocative gesture; theatrical paradigm; aesthetic formula; postmodernist direction grammar; ritual elements; syncretic form;

The offensive of the theatrical alternative against the closed artistic space in the canons of the realism of the first post communist decade is carried on through its aesthetic dimension. The alternative attitudes, which are increasingly taking place in the scenic landscape of the Republic of Moldova, urge the artists to look for new models of theater organization, new ways of creating performances, to transcend the boundaries between arts, to discover unconventional spaces for playing. It is worth noting, however, that the aesthetic performances of the first shows in the alternative evolutionary route support the political agenda of the time. The revolution in art and the revolution in society go hand in hand, overcoming the artistic and political censorship.

The importance of rights and freedoms in the free market economy

IMPORTANȚA DREPTURILOR ȘI LIBERTĂȚILOR ÎN ECONOMIA PIEȚEI LIBERE

Author(s): Adrian Ducu Matei,Cristiana Matei / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: rights; freedom; economy; development;

This paper is dedicated to the issue of rights and freedoms, the different degrees of freedom, as well as the consequences that differences or variations of freedom have on development, especially on the economic one. The theme of rights and freedoms, in particular, economic freedom, which is expressed primarily through the form of ownership and the scope of the free market, occupies a special place. Both factors depend on how the state works, especially the degree to which its degree of involvement in the economy works. Other and other dimensions of development, professional training, stability of the national currency, the level of taxes, the nature of financial institutions are also important. It is also very important the role and interdependencies that are established between freedom, inequality and development. It is important that freedom is understood in relation to man as an individual, not to social groups treated separately by the individuals who make them up. It is, therefore, an individualistic vision of rights and freedom, correlated with the idea of value attributed to the human individual as uniqueness. It is from this aspect that we should start, respectively, considering that it would be necessary to characterize our struggle for national freedom, respectively for collective rights and freedoms. At the heart of this struggle, however, should be a kind of individualism: its goal should be that at least some of the individuals of our society, to obtain greater freedom and not to be obstructed by foreign interests.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMPACT OF ART ON LIFE SATISFACTION IN THE POPULATION WITH HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOUTHERN ROMANIA

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMPACT OF ART ON LIFE SATISFACTION IN THE POPULATION WITH HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOUTHERN ROMANIA

Author(s): Iuliana Coman,Niculae Mihaita / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: Variables within the interrelationships; the consumption of art; the impact of convictions;

The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between art consumption, personal convictions and the level of life satisfaction among the population in the south of Romania. The data were collected in an experimental survey of 120 people living in the south of the country. The data were analyzed using Excel Microsoft Office, SPSS and include descriptive results, tables and charts. The results show that most of the respondents (89%) consider that they have a fulfilled life, and the level of life satisfaction is influenced in a small or medium degree by the consumption of art or by the convictions regarding the impact of art on the life of the individual and society overall. The most powerful associations are those between the satisfaction level of life and the consumption of art other than those commonly encountered (Cinema, Music, Theater, Literature). Personal beliefs about the influence of art on the individual or society influence the level of life satisfaction as well.

Nobles' nests in 19th-century Russia

Cuiburile de nobili în Rusia secolului al XIX-lea

Author(s): Antoaneta Olteanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Russian empire; nobility; daily life; civilization; Western influences; local peculiarities;

The paper presents an overview of Russian nobility in its evolution during the 19th century. On its way to modernization, the whole Russian society knows now a deep transformation, including its ruling class. We are dealing not only with the class status, but also with the evolution of daily life, manners, mansions and so on of aristocratic element in classical Russia. This study presents several hypostases of Russian nobility in its leading role in Russian society.