On the International Situation
DESPRE SITUAŢIA INTERNAŢIONALĂ
published by: MINISTERUL INVAŢAMÎNTULUI ŞI CULTURII DIRECŢIA GENERALA A AŞEZĂMINTELOR CULTURALE MINISTRY OF CULTURE Directorate General for Education and Cultural Establishments
More...published by: MINISTERUL INVAŢAMÎNTULUI ŞI CULTURII DIRECŢIA GENERALA A AŞEZĂMINTELOR CULTURALE MINISTRY OF CULTURE Directorate General for Education and Cultural Establishments
More...Content: -------------------------------------------------- PRAVDA, November 21, 1961 CONGRESUL AL XXII-LEA AL P.C.U.S. DESPRE LICHIDAREA URMĂRILOR CULTULUI PERSONALITĂŢII 22nd CONGRESS OF P.C.U.S. ABOUT DRAWING OF CONSEQUENCES OF PERSONALITY CULT PRAVDA, December 1, 1961 CALEA SPRE SOCIETATEA COMUNISTA FARA CLASE THE WAY TO THE CLASSLESS COMMUNIST SOCIETY (by P. Fedoseev) PRAVDA, December 2, 1961 CONGRESUL AL XXII-LEA AL P.C.U.S. ŞI DEZVOLTAREA SISTEMULUI MONDIAL SOCIALIST 22nd CONGRESS OF P.C.U.S. AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GLOBAL SYSTEM OF SOCIALISM (by I. Andropov) PRAVDA, December 5, 1961 COMUNISMUL ŞI STATUL COMMUNISM AND THE STATE PRAVDA, December 20+21, 1961 PARTIDUL LUI LENIN — CONDUCĂTORUL ŞI ORGANIZATORUL LUPTEI ÎNTREGULUI POPOR PENTRU VICTORIA COMUNISMULUI THE PARTY OF LENIN - THE LEADER AND THE PEOPLE'S WAR ORGANIZER FOR VICTORY OF COMMUNISM PRAVDA, January 7, 1962 COMUNISMUL ŞI LIBERTATEA COMMUNISM AND FREEDOM (by I. Franţev) PRAVDA, January 17, 1962 COEXISTENŢA PAŞNICĂ — CEA MAI IMPORTANTĂ PROBLEMĂ A CONTEMPORANEITĂŢII PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE - THE MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE FOR OUR TIME (by N. Inozemţev)
More...Keywords: Ethno-cultural heritage; historical heritage; research; education; tolerance; democracy
Education tolerance, respect for other cultures and ethnicities is a primordial bridge in building a democratic society. Both in education and in the social environment there are serious gaps in addressing diversity, which is based mainly on stereotypes. This problem occurs including the lack of a scientific and methodological support in addressing teaching and teaching ethno-cultural diversity. EU experience shows that namely through research and the sharing of ethnicities co-existing in Member States and many European nations can be overcome inter-ethnic conflicts and can contribute to the prosperity of communities and states.
More...Keywords: WWII; Kraljeva Sutjeska; chronicle; monastery;
Otimati vijesti iz prošlosti zaboravu i, što je jednako važno, krivotvorenju, nemoguće je bez kritičkog oslanjanja na pisane isprave među kojima oduvijek posebno mjesto zauzimaju ljetopisi, a mukotrpan poduhvat hrvanja s prošlošću i zaboravom započeo je još Tukidid, grčki povjesničar iz Atene. Ljetopisi – anali ili kronike – kao preteče suvremenih povijesnih knjiga podrijetlo vuku još iz rimskog doba kad je vrhovni svećenik (pontifex maximus) za svaku godinu bilježio najvažnije događaje. Makar su poznati Annales i Historiae Tacita, Židovske starine Josipa Flavija te Ljetopis i Crkvena povijest Euzebija Cezarejskog, začetnika crkvene povijesti, kao publikacije u kojima se kronološki bilježe događaji tijekom godine, ljetopisi postaju omiljena književna vrsta kasne antike, svojevrsni nadomjestak historiografije. Izučavanje srednjovjekovne europske povijesti upravo se i zasniva na samostanskim kronikama.
More...Keywords: Venice; Persia; 15th c.; Giosafat Barbaro; international relations; embassy;historical geography;
This is the first complete publication of the Russian translation, with comments, of the Journey to Persia by the 15th century Venetian public figure, diplomat and traveler Giosafat Barbaro. He headed Venetian embassy to the Persian shah Uzun-Hassan. The discussed travel account was written in late 1480s — early 1490s as a narration of this embassy, during which Barbaro had to make a long and eventful way through different cities and localities of the Mediterranean, Ottoman Empire and Persia. Besides, he provides some details on the countries he had never visited — India and China. Journey to Persia is a valuable source on history of international relations, historical geography, ethnography, economy and culture of medieval Persia and other Oriental countries. The article contains parallel Italian original and Russian translation texts.
More...Keywords: Oświęcim; land of Oświęcim; history of Oświęcim; culture of Oświęcim; castle in Oświęcim; monuments of Oświęcim
Volume I of the monograph of Oświęcim contains a presentation of the history of the surrounding land and an analysis of cultural aspects of the city's functioning. At first the authors analyze changes in the boundaries and routes, and route names from the earliest times to the present, and then show the political history of the region, which repeatedly changed its national, administrative and diocesan affiliation. The second part of the volume discusses the development of architecture and art. in Oświęcim, including the most important monuments and silhouettes of the most eminent artists, as well as the development of education. Also, prominent figures from Oświęcim were presented. The volume closes with a calendar of the city's history.
More...Keywords: medieval history; church history; Christianity in the Middle Ages; religious culture; Poland during the Piast dynasty
The originality of the presentation of monarchical power of the Piast dynasty is noticeable on many levels. One of the possibilities for capturing to some extent the local specificity of the monarchical presentation of a given dynasty and state is to analyze the issues related to the interpretation of potential mutual inspiration and rivalry between neighbouring or otherwise related monarchies. In other words, one should ask oneself whether in some periods Poland had not served as a source of direct and original inspiration for the self-presentation of monarchs of neighbouring countries (in this case, the Přemyslid dynasty). In the case of the Prague court, the “Polish segment” was to a large extent an inseparable part of the Bohemian princes and kings’ monarchical power from the 11th to the 14th century. The originality of the Polish monarchy was inspiring for the Přemyslids above all in the 11th century because of its independent ecclesiastical administration and the king’s majesty, which Bretislav I and Vratislav II tried to imitate, or even to appropriate. If we ignore the influence of the emperor’s territories on the centres of power of Central and Eastern Europe, we will not be able to find examples of such an inspiring originality of another country, or of direct attempts at referring to it, as was the case in Poland and Bohemia in the 11th century. In later periods, it was the idea of Polish submission that came to dominate in the self-presentation of Přemyslid rulers.
More...The history of Brest-Litovsk is inseparably connected with the SecondNorthern War (1655–1660). Then, the town and the castle became a strategicfortification. As a result, it was occupied by the Swedish-Transylvanian armyin 1657.Epistolographic sources created by the main participants of military actionsin May 1657 include a lot of information that is important for researchersstudying the history and architecture of Brest-Litovsk. The most outstandingof the documents is the letter from prince George II Rákóczi to Swedish kingCharles X Gustav, written on May 20, 1657. That source includes a detailed descriptionof the Brest fortress and defence capabilities. Swedish military engineerErik Jönsson Dahlbergh took part in the work on fortifying Brest-Litovsk.The full use of information included in the letter is possible thanks to the preservedcartographic documentation from the mid. 17th century.The prince’s letter contains three sections devoted to different subjects.The first includes current political information connected with the activities ofSwedish-Transylvanian-Cossack coalition. The second part is a list of cannons,ammunition and powder stored in the Brest castle. The third section, titled “Inmunienda Brestia considerationes sunt hac”, presents some recommendationsconnected with the improvement of the fortification and the town. The articleincludes a detailed analysis of Rákóczi’s letter using the plans and panoramasof the town prepared then.
More...Keywords: Democratic institutions; Transnistria conflict; capacity of administration; juridical system; economic reforms; foreign trade; social development; migration; border control;
The reports in the "Euromonitor" series aim at independent and objective monitoring of the implementation process of the Republic of Moldova - European Union Action Plan. The actions adopted and implemented by both signatories of the Plan will be monitored quarterly. The action plan is a complex document, structured in 7 chapters, which provides for the implementation of about 300 actions, some defined more or less precisely, others very ambiguous. Unable to monitor such a complex document, the authors of "Euromonitor" focused on priority actions, identified in the Action Plan itself.
More...Keywords: Democratic institutions; Transnistria conflict; capacity of administration; juridical system; economic reforms; foreign trade; social development; migration; border control;
The Progress Report presents an analysis of how the Moldovan authorities have achieved the objectives set for the political, economic and institutional rapprochement with the European Union. The study includes the monitoring of the period from the signing on February 22, 2005 of the European Union - Moldova Action Plan, an exhaustive strategic planning document for the implementation of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA), until the signing in 2014 of the Association Agreement between Moldova and the EU, which also includes the creation of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA). In the reference period, 2005-2014, the most important progress is related to the fulfillment of the political, institutional and economic conditions for the signing of the Association Agreement and the liberalization of the visa regime with the EU. Significant progress has been made in the area of respect for human rights, ensuring e-government, reforming the information technology and social services sector. Against this positive background, important shortcomings have been noted in a number of areas, in particular in the fight against corruption, in the banking sector, in the implementation of EU quality standards and in the energy sector.
More...Objectives: - To highlight the defining attributes of the “institutional arrangements” (that is of the “economic systems”) that circumscribe the economic activity within a country / jurisdiction, thus giving meaning to the comparisons to be made between the political and legal systems coexisting in the world - To consolidate a critical, analyticalevaluative, apparatus, useful in international business, in which various calculations are made in order to optimize the activity inside and among various national spaces, whose institutions and policies have a significant impact on the results of the economic agents with international exposure
More...Keywords: international business; international economics; international management; international marketing; international finance
The volume has 22 chapters organized in four thematic parts: the first part includes elements related to the world economy system in the context of international economic relations, international organizations and global governance. The second part looks at the international environment and how this influences the international activity of a company. The third part focuses on the organization that operates at international level and how specific activities are conducted (negotiations, contracting, management, marketing, foreign trade operations, risk management and others). The last part, the fourth looks at recent challenges in the internationalization, such as innovation, technology, intangible economy and lobby.
More...Keywords: students;graduates;Professors;university environment;labor market;
The study presents the results of surveys conducted among entrepreneurs, teachers and students in December 2019 and aimed to measure investment in education to increase the skills and competencies required by the labor market, both students and teachers, the links between faculties and companies differences in perception and communication in the area.
More...Keywords: slogans;campaign themes;evaluation of political leaders;party evaluation;electoral behaviors;
The research was conducted in September 2018 based on 3 focus groups in which 28 people participated. The study aimed to evaluate the perception of the Dăncilă government, the evaluation of President Klaus Iohannis, Traian Băsescu, Eugen Tomac, Ludovic Orban, Dan Barna, the perception of PMP, PNL, USR, PSD, of the topics that will be debated in the campaign for the European elections. political relations, attitude towards the PMP, intention to vote for referendums on issues such as: no criminals in public office, the union of Moldova with Romania, electronic voting.
More...Keywords: The aesthetics; the character; Camilpetrescian theater
Theater means living, emotion, show. The dramatic conflict goes beyond the space of the stage, the inner one being much stronger than the outer one, always existing in the theater the conflicts of the ego with itself, with its own weaknesses.
More...Keywords: educational system in Republic of Moldova; educational system in Transnistria;
The purpose of this study is not to analyze the good or bad parts of the two educational systems on both banks of the Dniester River, but to highlight the differences between them and, at the same time, to find certain points of tangency.
More...Keywords: Regional Development Cooperation; Moldova-Transnistria;
The material was developed based on discussions between experts from Chisinau and Tiraspol during the round table "Perspectives of regional cooperation between Chisinau and Tiraspol", organized on July 8, 2016 by IDIS "Viitorul" within the project "Engaging regional stakeholders for conflict settlement through thematic exchange of ideas”, with the financial support of The Black Sea Trust for Regional Cooperation, German Marchall Fund. The opinions and conclusions from this analysis belong to the author and do not necessarily represent the position of IDIS "Viitorul" or the donor institution. The objective of this round table is to clarify the legal, institutional framework and regional development policies on both banks of the Dniester, as well as to analyze the current situation in this area, identifying problems and barriers to regional development, and formulating conclusions and recommendations. which would bring Chisinau and Tiraspol closer together in terms of regional cooperation. In the Republic of Moldova, a European regional development model is being implemented, inspired by the European experience, and which aims to eliminate major imbalances between regions and provide stronger support for disadvantaged regions. In the European Union, regional development has led to the elimination of major regional differences, building welfare status.
More...Keywords: Cluj-Napoca; Post-1989; Collective memory of Romanians; Hungarians; 1848-1849 Revolution War of Independence; Romanian National Unity;
Transylvania, annexed to Romania in 1920, is a place of continuous Romanian-Hungarian conflicts. There is always a domain of conflict between the Hungarian minority and the Romanian majority represented by the construction, the invention and commemorative use of the past. In my ethnographic and socio-anthropologic analysis I focus on the "memory entrepreneurism", and foreground those interethnic relations and symbolic behaviours that stand behind it in the social context of the multiethnic Cluj-Napoca. The change of regime of 1989 brought along not only a political closure, but also one with on the framework of the imagined past. On the social level this resulted in the drama of the diminuation of belief in the institutions and authorities. The past constructed up to that point naturally lost its political legitimacy. There were two kinds of attitudes emerging within the self-legitimating strategies regarding the past. On the one hand the denial of continuity, the rejection of the past constructed by previous societies in the interest of the new historical order. This new historical order didn't wish to continue the previous economical, social and political relations. But on the other hand, in there was a rising need for historical depth: how can one legitimate the present and create a continuity in the historical space? Nevertheless, the new system considered it necessary to deduce the new social order from history. It had a need for the past also because it defined itself against the past, distancing itself from it: thus the past became surpassed and at the same time an example to follow. The period between 1989 and 2008 proved to be one of the most productive regarding the local construction of memory. Therefore my paper analyses the tendencies of post-1989 past construction. What previously exposed component of the past was made invisible by the new system? What was overtaken and what kind of new components were brought to the surface? What kind of conflicts were revealed, what kind of identity strategies, legitimating processes and national discourses were put into motion by the construction of the (new) memory?
More...Keywords: Presidential budget in Moldova;
The results of the analysis highlighted major deficiencies regarding the allocation and transparency of expenses intended for the President's institution. The current way of recording expenses for this institution does not reveal all expenses. Part of the expenses are carried out by other institutions and are not included in the expenses intended for the Presidency. Also, the activity of the President is not sufficiently transparent compared to the practices of other Presidencies and does not fully respect the transparency requirements established by the domestic legal framework. Another topic, which does not directly relate to the President's expenses, but Belangs to his competence, is the awarding of decorations for special merits towards the state. And on this subject, the Republic of Moldova has great deficiencies not only in the transparency of the process, but also in the way of regulation.
More...Keywords: False nossality; Incantamenta; Harm of the animal; Decemviral legislation;
Already the legislation of the XII Tables consecrated, in the course of a difficult evolution of the unlawful acts, means of protection in case of liability of the pater for the damage caused by his subjects or his animals as well as in defense of some "magical" illicit acts. The considerations underlying a different reconstruction of the nossal abbandon, compared to that proposed by the doctrine subsequent to Biondi, allow us to advance the hypothesis that, both the filius and the slave, in performing an unlawful act, may remain obligated to civiliter ex delicto. The result is a personal responsibility and a condemnation comforted by the ancient private revenge, the actio noxalis being structured as a vindicatio of the guilty. The pater or domanus will not be convicted on the bases of a direct responsibility to the injured person but on the basis of the power relationship with the subject. In summary, the head of the family when he wants to assume the consequences of the illegal act committed by those who fall under his power, will intervene in the judgment and if unsuccessful will pay a sum of money. On the contrary, he will intervene in the judgment only to complete the dedicated noxae. Given this mechanism, the actio dei pauperie and the means that recall its discipline, are based on the dominium that the owner of the animal boasts of the same and for which he responds almost always objectively. The equalization between the penalties (sometimes even very serious) provided by the damage caused by the animal and those provided for by the normal nossal procedure is only external, made by the compilers on the basis of a different meaning of nox (now only corpus quod nocuit) attributable indifferently both to the illicit act of the subject and to the damage of the animal.
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