Keywords: Bosnian literature; PetarKočić; Ivo Andrić; Meša Selimović
More...Focus of research interest is the rock-cut Church of St. Petka located in the town of Tran, near the Bulgarian-Serbian border. This religious site is related to a strong and vigorous local worship of the well-known in a wide Balkan perspective St. Paraskevi-Petka. The cult is supported by an interesting local legend according to which St. Petka has lived in that same small cave in which today the church is situated. Because of this St. Petka is considered patron saint of Tran and its inhabitants. The religious site and the specific cult of St. Petka in the past, as well as nowadays, play an important role in structuring the religious life and constructing the identity of the local community. Proceeding from the historical preposition and formation of St. Petka’s cult in the region, the article aims to examine some present characteristics in the development and functioning of the rock-cut Church of St. Petka as a site of worship, as well as to study the changes which came during the last two decades when the religious site was recognized as cultural heritage and resource for development of local tourist product in the wide context of local sustainable development.
More...Keywords: ASPECTS OF THE OTTOMAN INVASION OF SHKODRA ;SURROUNDING AREAS ; THE END OF THE 15™ CENTURY
SOME ASPECTS OF THE OTTOMAN INVASION OF SHKODRA AND THE SURROUNDING AREAS AT THE END OF THE 15™ CENTURY which are entirely non-existent nowadays, because they were totally ruined during the ottoman armies’ raids. Furthermore, in this paper will be presented some important facts related to the invasion of Ulqin and Tivar, as these towns had close and direct economical, political, religious and cultural relations with the above mentioned regions and in the 16th century became part of the sanjak of Shkodra. All the above mentioned centers are situated near Shkodra.
More...Keywords: non Muslim; understanding Ottoman administration; tolerance; vilâyât-ı selâse; equality;
The basic principle of Ottoman government system was equality.The sovereign who took his power from God was just responsibele to God. Thus he had to use his power in accordance with law, equality and principles of morality. As a result of this approach the Ottoman government ensured the safety of life and property, provided freedom of religion and showed respect for religious, social and political rights of the non-Muslims in the conquered territory of the Balkans. This justice and tolerance system was applied until the last period of the empire.Although this attitude of Ottoman government was not changed,separatist rebellions in the XIXth century and protection policies of the western states on the non-Muslims disrupted this system. Despite all the difficulties the Ottoman government tried to fallow same policy. This paper aims to evaluate the Ottoman government policy in Balkans in the case of Macedonia by studying the archive documents.
More...Keywords: Government in Montenegro; 1912-1914; multinational state;
Crna Gora je poslije Berlinskog kongresa proširila državnu teritoriju sa 4.400 km2 na 9.475 km2. Realizacija odredaba Berlinskog ugovora je išla teško, jer je Turska predala Kolašin 4. X 1878., Podgoricu i Spuž 8. XII 1879., dok Plav i Gusinje nije predala, usljed čega su vođene bitke 4. XII 1879. godine, kod Novšića i 7. I 1880. godine na Murini. Poslije ovih borbi uslijedila je revizija Berlinskog ugovora, pa je Crnoj Gori 26. XI 1880. godine ustupljen Ulcinj i dio Bara.
More...Keywords: St. John Vladimir Church in the town of Bar; Montenegro; relics of the saint; Vladimir’s Cross; Amphilochius; Archbishop of Cetinje; pilgrimage; the Rumija Mountains
The reason for this article is the millennial anniversary of the Holy Martyr John Vladimir’s death and the activities of Amphilochius, Archbishop of Cetinje, as a representative of the Serbian Orthodox Church on the territory of Montenegro. The diplomacy of the Montenegrin bishop and his personal prestige made possible the implementation of large-scale projects for restoration of the Orthodox churches on the territory of Montenegro and today’s independent Republic of Kosovo. The problem of the origin, the place of the assassination and the burial of Duklja’s prince, St. John Vladimir, is located on the territory of three countries – Macedonia, Albania and Montenegro. Today, folklore legends and the practice of pilgrimage to the relics are still preserved in the first two countries. In Montenegro, incrusted in a bigger cross, is the “Miraculous Cross” of the prince which he held in his hands while being slain. Every year a procession with the cross is held which ascends the Rumija Mountains on the feast of the Holy Trinity – to the top of a ridge where, according to the legend, once there was a church destroyed by the Turks. The aim of the article is to examine the local cult of the prince-martyr in Southern Montenegro and the new sacred topoi proceeding from the reconstruction of the memory of him: the Holy Trinity Church in the Rumija Mountains and the newly-built Church of St. John Vladimir in Bar.
More...Keywords: Gospel from Dovolja; Bosnian literary tradition; preslavism; lexical innovations;
The paper analyzes the lexical characteristics of the Gospel of Dovolja. The analysis shows numerous lexical similarities with the second Slavonic translation (T2). Consequently, this Bosnian codex from the beginning of the 15th century shows lexical innovations that are characteristic for the Center of the Preslav, which separates it from most other Bosnian codex that have significant orientation towards a more conservative tradition. In addition to lexical innovations, other linguistic innovations have also been studied in detail, such as the transition l > o. Considering this transition, the Gospel is placed at at the beginning of the 15th century. Comparative analysis of the preserved text of the Gospel showed that innovations are not equally represented throughout the codex. In fact, in the first part of the manuscript, that is, in Matthew's Gospel, they are far more frequent than in the Gospel of Luke, and significantly less than the Gospel of Mark. Various shear solutions result from the existence of at least two different templates, from which the writers transcribed the text of the Gospel.
More...Review of: Josip Parat - Nenad CAMBI: Dioklecijan: vir prudens, moratus callide et subtilis ili inventor scelerum et machinator omnium malorum. Povijesne kontroverze i današnje dileme / Diocletian: vir prudens, moratus callide et subtilis or inventor scelerum et machinator omnium malorum. Historical controversies and current dilemmas (Split: Književni krug i Filozoski fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu, 2016.). 315 str. ISBN 978-953-163-429-8 (KKS). Stanko Andrić - Luca PEZZUTO: Giovanni da Capestrano. Iconografia di un predicatore osservante dalle origini alla canonizzazione (1456-1690) [Monografie di Horti Hesperidum, sv. 3] (Roma: UniversItalia, 2016.). 521 str. ISBN 978-88-6507-795-5. Anđelko Vlašić - Davorin TASLIDŽIĆ: Osmanski pečat: XVI. i XVII. stoljeće na tlu Baranje u osvit osmanskih ishodišnih posezanja – hrvatski pogled (Beli Manastir: Zavod za baranjsku povjesnicu, 2001.). 180 str. ISBN 953-6505-13-4. Anđelko Vlašić - Davorin TASLIDŽIĆ i Daniela TASLIDŽIĆ HERMAN: Osmanska Baranja: 16. i 17. stoljeće na tlu Baranje u osvit osmanskih osvajanja (Beli Manastir: Zavod za baranjsku povjesnicu, 2013.). 170 str. ISBN 978-953-6505-32-6. Anđelko Vlašić - Daniela TASLIDŽIĆ HERMAN, Baranja za osmanske vladavine (Beli Manastir: Zavod za baranjsku povjesnicu; Mohácsi Törtenelmi Emlékhelyért Alapitvány, 2016.). 173 str. ISBN 978-953-6505-42-5. Milan Vrbanus - Ladislav DOBRICA i Ivana POSEDI (prir.): Zapisnici sjednica Srijemske županije 1767.-1771. / Prothocolla Congregationum comitatus Syrmiensis 1767.-1771., knjiga III. [Gradivo za povijest Vukovarsko-srijemske županije, knj. 10] (Vukovar – Zagreb: Državni arhiv u Vukovaru – Hrvatski državni arhiv, 2016.). 725 str. ISBN 978-953-7980122. Milan Vrbanus - Petar FELETAR: Hrvatske povijesne ceste – Karolina, Jozefina i Lujzijana. Prometno-geografska studija o povezivanju kontinentalne i jadranske Hrvatske (Samobor: Meridijani, 2016.). 344 str. ISBN 978-953-239-194-7. Dinko Župan - Luka PEJIĆ: Historija klasičnog anarhizma u Hrvatskoj: fragmenti subverzije (Zagreb: DAF, 2016.). 223 str. ISBN 978-953-6956340. Suzana Leček - Josip HORVAT: Pisma Slavku Batušiću (1952-1968), prir. Branko MATAN (Zagreb: Hrvatski državni arhiv, 2014.). 349 str. ISBN 978-953-7659-16-5. Miroslav Akmadža - Davor MARIJAN: Domovinski rat (Zagreb: Despot Infinitus d.o.o. i Hrvatski institut za povijest, Zagreb, 2016.). 456 str. ISBN 978-953-7892-53-1. Zdenko Samaržija - Granice i identiteti. Zbornik radova s međunarodnog znanstvenog skupa, 11. ožujka 2016., gl. ur. Daniela TASLIDŽIĆ HERMAN, odg. ur. Stjepan PRUTKI, zamj. gl. ur. Tamara ALEBIĆ (Beli Manastir – Vukovar: Zavod za baranjsku povjesnicu – Državni arhiv u Vukovaru, 2017.). 277 str. ISBN 978-953-6505-43-2; 978-953-7980-15-3. Siniša Đuričić - Helena IVIČIN: Daljok / Duboševica (Beli Manastir: Ogranak Matice hrvatske u Belom Manastiru i Centar za kulturu grada Belog Manastira, 2017.). 344 str. ISBN 978-9535-598657. Marija Karbić - Međunarodni znanstveni skup Dubički arhiđakonat u srednjem vijeku i njegovi tragovi kroz kasnija stoljeća (Banja Luka, 24.-25. travnja 2017.)
More...Keywords: Macedonian Turkish dialects; Rumelia; dialects; phonetics; morphology;
Although the Turkish dialects of Rumelia are considered as part of the Anatolian dialects, they are now completely independent. According to the classification of the Turkish dialects of Rumilia by Gyula Németh, the Turkish dialects of Macedonia are considered a part of the Western Rumelian dialects. In this paper, the characteristics of the Turkish dialects of Macedonia are discussed starting from the 16th century work “Opera Nova de M. Pietro Lvpis Valentiano La qual insegna a parlare Turchesco” by Pietro Lupis Valentiano and estimated publishing date of 1520, then with the PhD thesis of Alpay İğci entitled as “The Characteristics of Western Rumelian Turkish in the 17th Century”, 19th century dictionaries of Gorgji Pulevski entitled as “Dictionary of Four Languages” and “Dictonary of Three Languages” published in 1873 and 1875 respectively, up to the modern day status. It has been concluded that from 16th century to the present, there are very few changes in the characteristics of the Macedonian Turkish dialects.
More...Keywords: Hatay; Tourism; Strong Side; Weak Side; Opportunity; Threat;
The aim of this study is to make suggestions for improvement of the city in terms of tourism by making SWOT analysis for determining the current situation of Hatay in terms of tourism. The scale prepared for this purpose was applied to the lower, middle and senior managers in the tourism enterprises operating in Hatay province. A total of 179 data were obtained and 165 data were evaluated by subtracting 14 missing data. The data obtained are analyzed and the strongest aspect of tourism in terms of tourism is that Hatay has a historical and cultural background, the weakest point is that it is not as clean as its beaches, the most important opportunity is that Hatay is declared a gastronomic city by UNESCO and the biggest threat Hatay has been identified as the ongoing civil war in Syria.
More...Keywords: Bosnia's population; First Centuries of the Ottoman rule; Religious structure of the population; Church history; Church of Bosnia; 14th-15th centuries; Islam in Bosnia; Christians and Jews;
This is a review of the religious structure of the population as no other differences were manifested at that time, nor in the Middle Ages. In official Ottoman censuses all the inhabitants of all social classes were registered only as "Bosnians" who spoke the Bosnian language. This makes it clear that the Ottoman authority recognized that the Slavic people were specific although by setting up towns it tried to develop its own culture and strengthen its powering that territory. The followers of the teaching of the so-called "Church of Bosnia", which spread here from the beginning of the 13th century until the mid-15th century and was condemned as heresy, suffered brutal persecution by the Catholic Church. The struggle was waged by the Franciscans. They built their first church in 1340, and by the middle of the 15th century they had built 13 Catholic churches in Central and north-eastern Bosnia (Fojnica, Kreševo, Sutjeska, Visoko, Vranduk, then Srebrenica, Zvomik, Olovo, Bijeljina, Gornja Tuzla, Donja Tuzla, Modriča and Tešanj). So the Ottoman authorities found (1463) few followers of the "Church of Bosnia" in Bosnia. According to some scientists, its teaching never abandoned the scope of Christian orthodoxy, but it only represented particular Christian teaching in the local language. It was more a manifestation of rebellion against social injustice than it was a separate religion. It resisted both Byzantinization and Latinization of the South-Slavic countries. Particularly brutal mass persecutions of the "Christians" (krstjani), as they called themselves, took place in the last decade of the Bosnian State’s existence. Obviously those were the reasons why Sultan Mehmed II had an unexpected meeting with a congregation near Jajce when a larger group of people expressed their subservience to him. Moreover, they adopted Islam.
More...Keywords: spatial planning; special purpose area; space; Serbia
In the first two decades of the 21st century, the spatial planning system in Serbia underwent a significant transformation following the general trends of change in Serbia. The neoliberal-market model of the economy has directly led to the apparent suppression of social services and of the environmental sector. After 2010, the formerly hierarchical organised system slowly began to marginalise national, regional and local planning. Instead of that, planning of special purpose areas became dominant and almost ubiquitous. This plan, according to the Law, can cover all types of infrastructure, all types of mining, tourist facilities and areas, energy, protected nature objects and cultural and historical monuments, as well as the so-called Belgrade Waterfront and the National Stadium. The paper analyses the causal relationships that have led to the current state of planning, given the systematisation of spatial plans of the special purpose areas so far prepared. Additionally, the paper also discusses the effectiveness of such a partial approach to the field of spatial planning and landscaping in Serbia.
More...Keywords: Travel Profile;Sille;Data Analysis;MAXQDA;
Understanding the travel behavior of visitors in a certain region is important in terms of revealing the profile of those who come to that region. New tourism plans can be created according to the determined travel profiles, and it will be possible to host more visitors in the region with applications. Purpose of the study; To analyze the electronic comments of visitors to Sille, which is an important center of culture and belief, and to contribute to the managers by offering suggestions to develop regional tourism. In this context, answers to six questions were sought in the study. The data used in the study consists of 618 electronic comments covering the years 2014- 2020 on the website named TripAdvisor. The comments were analyzed in a data analysis program called MAXQDA. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the visitors were mostly of the "wise" type, and the visits were mostly made in "August" and with "family". While Sille's "proximity to the center" was the prominent positive opinion, "the restorations were bad" was the leading negative opinion. The most striking location has been the "Aya Elenia Church" and Sille has been mostly compared to the "Cappadocia" region.
More...Keywords: Bahar (Spring); Place; Classical Turkish Poetry; Temple; Church;
The word “bahâr” (spring), which corresponds to a season in its widespread use, corresponds to the meanings of flowers, leaves, faces, and cheeks in classical Turkish poetry, as well as put, temple, and church. The quest to express a visual depiction is conspicuous in this wide variety of uses of the word. It can be said that the elements of beauty in classical Turkish poetry arise from the reflections of a space aesthetic. When we look at the equivalent of "bahâr" in the lexicon and its use in sample texts, it will be seen that the word is actually a concept expressing the place, but gradually transformed into another semantic form that shows similar features to the qualities of that place. It can be said that the presence of pictures and idols in churches as in temples caused these places to be expressed with the word spring in classical Turkish literature. When a visual image is desired to be highlighted in poems, it is seen that the church (deyr) is used as a metaphor for the expression of the outer space due to the pictures and decorations it has.
More...Keywords: ethnical and religious division; liberation; Lika; Turks;
During 160 years of Turkish domination, one part of people from Lika moved to the region of Senj and Kranjska, the other one to the northern Dalmatia and Podgorje, while the third never left their ancient homes. The exile of the population of Lika and Krbava was going on almost permanently with special intensity after 1527. i.e. during the period of the occupation of Krbava and Lika, then in the middle of the 16th c. and after the break of the resistance in Lika from the beginning to the mid 17th c. The part of Lika's people, who moved to the region of Senj, preserved their ancient tradition, which was afterwards continued by their descendants even after their comeback to the ancestral estates. The whole population of Lika, with Serbs and more numerous Croats, belonged to the Old-Catholic Croatian churc congregation. During the first half of 18th c. that congregation was subdued by the Roman Catholic and Greek Oriental chuech, so that Roman Propaganda had a strong influence on the Croats, while the Greek Oriental church diocese of Karlovac had an impact on the Serbs. Disappearing of the Croatian Catholic church was acceleratted after the death Marko Mesić, the Archdeacon of Lika, and was completed after the death of Marko's successor Damjan Zduna.
More...Keywords: Vazelon Monastery; Komnenos Period; Byzantine Painting; Trabzon; Prophet Elias;
Trabzon, which has hosted many civilizations in history, is one of the most important cities of the Eastern Black Sea Region. It was possibly a turning point for the architecture of the Eastern Black Sea Region when the Crusaders deviated from their original purpose and occupied Constantinople during the IV. Crusade which was organized to recapture the holy lands. From the establishment of the Trabzon Greek Empire in 1204 to its collapse in 1261, many monasteries and churches were built in the region. It is observed that additions were made within different periods in monastries and other structures of this period under the rule of Komnenos dynasty. The works of different masters in different time periods in the buildings allowed the local traditions of both Constantinople and the region to coexist. The focus of the study is the architecture and wall paintings of the Vazelon Monastery Prophet Elijah Chapel, located on the slopes of Zavulon Mountain, 45 km southwest of Trabzon, 14 km southwest of Maçka, 5 km west of Kiremitli District. During the research, architectural drawings of the building were made, its current state was documented with photographs and the building was evaluated comparatively with similar examples in the region. Wall paintings as one of the main subjects of the study were also drawn, their current status was documented with photographs, their iconography was discussed, their stylistic features were discussed and compared with their similar features both inside and outside the region.
More...Keywords: Prayer; philanthropy; Saint Paul the Apostle; Saint Gregory Palamas;
With the blessing of Metropolitan Pantelimon de Veria, this year the 28th edition of the Pan-Orthodox Theological Congress, known as “Pavlia”, took place between June 26-28. The place chosen for the scientific event is marked by the memory of the Christian mission of Saint Paul the Apostle and the time spent in hesychia and persistent prayer by Saint Gregory Palamas. This year’s theme was: “Saint Paul and crisis management”. The distinguished participants set out to analyze how the Orthodox Church today can overcome various crises caused by suffering, diseases, wars and other trials. All these crises can be analyzed starting from the Pauline logic: “I can do all things through Christ, the One who strengthens me” (Philippians 4.13). The impressions produced by this event are the subject of this report.
More...Keywords: The Ottoman Empire; Greece; War; Soldier; Volunteer;
The Greco-Turkish War of 1897 broke out due to the annexation of Crete by the Greeks to instigate the Megali Idea and attacks carried out on the Ottoman borders. Greek administrators – who thought that they were superior to the Ottomans * were certain about winning the war; however, the war did not go as planned and in no time, the roads to Athens were lying naked in front of the Turkish soldiers. Meanwhile, big states, especially Russia, helped the Greeks, even eventually them to enter truce negotiations between Greece and the Ottoman Empire. The Empire employed volunteer soldiers as well as regular (nizamiye) and reserved (redif) officers alongside home guards (mustahfiz). Both Muslims and non-Muslims alike were drafted as volunteer soldiers. These volunteers ranged in age from children to elderly. Those whose applications were accepted were then sent to the fronts, accompanied off by big ceremonies and crowds – as well as large welcoming parties if they managed to return alive. They were also offered money, food, and clothing by the local authorities and local wealthy patrons. Both they the other soldier branches helped the Ottoman Empire succeed in battle around of its borders. Their loyalty earned them medals of different ranks alongside the special edition “Medal of Greco War.” In this study, we shall delve into the world of the Greco-Turkish War’s volunteers, and how they signed up, were dispatched, and came home.
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