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RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S PROVOCATIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE AIR SPACE OF THE BLACK SEA REGION BETWEEN 2014-2017

RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S PROVOCATIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE AIR SPACE OF THE BLACK SEA REGION BETWEEN 2014-2017

Author(s): Cătălin Alin Costea / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Black Sea; NATO; Russian Federation; dilemma security; provocative behavior;

After the illegal annexation of Crimea, in March 2014, the Russian Federation started to develop a provocative behavior in the Black Sea region against the riparian states,especially towards NATO member states. Between March 2014 and September 2017, Russian Air Force attempted to enter illegally, and in some cases it succeeded, in Romanian, Bulgarian, Turkish,Georgian and Ukrainian air space. Also it limited the freedom of navigation and flight of NATO's ships and aircraft, in the Black Sea international space. Thus, this article aims to identify the main reasons which stands behind Moscow’s behavior and the impact on the region. The working hypothesis of the article is about the emerging of a security dilemma in the Black Sea region fact that creates tensions, an unsafe climate and is favoring the perpetuation of regional instability.

Tombs, Epitaphs – Readings. Language Landscape of Temesvár-Józsefváros Cemetery

Sírok, sírfeliratok – olvasatok. A temesvár-józsefvárosi temető nyelvi tájképe

Author(s): Barna Bodó / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

Timişoara-Iosefin Cemetery is a public cemetery. There is an acute lack of space, the city has not opened a new cemetery for half a century. The tombs offered by the municipality before 1945 to dignitaries are not protected. Whoever does not pay the cemetery fee, loses the grave. Although the cemetery has been in use for about 150 years, nearly half of the graves have new owners, and these changes have occurred predominantly over the last 40 years. So, we are witnessing the disappearance of the past that can be documented by the existence of graves. The research of minority graves, in particular the Hungarian ones, shows that Hungarian texts found on graves have many and sometimes serious grammatical mistakes. In the case of mixed marriages, there are bilingual inscriptions in only a few cases. The former feature of Timişoara, multilingualism, is on the verge of extinction. The piety to the former is lacking in most cases; those who were buried before the new owners are lost in the darkness of time.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF GEOPOLITICIANS WITH GEOGRAPHIC ROOTS TO THE DELINEATION AND DEFINITION OF THE ROMANIAN NATIONAL STATE

THE CONTRIBUTION OF GEOPOLITICIANS WITH GEOGRAPHIC ROOTS TO THE DELINEATION AND DEFINITION OF THE ROMANIAN NATIONAL STATE

Author(s): Silviu Neguţ,Marius-Cristian Neacşu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: state; nation; nation-state; unitary national state; geopolitical games; essential natural components; the Carpathians; the Danube; the Black Sea;

This study is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the establishment of Romanian unitary national state, Great Romania, a much longer and complex process than it seems at first glance. Along with historical events, the geographic space and the population have played an essential role in the coagulation process of the Romanian national state. The merit of seizing and explaining these assets lies with great geopolitical-geographers such as Simion Mehedinți, Ion Conea (both were teachers at the Upper School of War, the ”Carol I” NDU precursor), Nicolae Al. Rădulescu, Vintilă Mihăilescu, Victor Tufescu and so on. These alone or in collaboration with specialists in fields such as history (Nicolae Iorga, Gheorghe Brătianu, Constantin Daicoviciu), demography and statistics (Anton Golopenția, Sabin Mănuilă), sociology (Dimitrie Gusti, Mircea Vulcănescu – the latter being also aphilosopher) have demonstrated the perfect logic of the constitution of the Romanian unitary national state. They also leaned on the essential natural components of the Romanian state,the well-known trio Carpathians - the Danube - the Black Sea, resuming the significant elements without which it would have been impossible to achieve the Great Romania.

Spontaneous and Directed Changes in Folktales – Medial Border Crossings and Intermediate States

Népmeseszövegek spontán és irányított változ(tat)ása – mediális határátlépések és köztességek

Author(s): Erika Tekei / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: folktale collections; professional reception; local reception; oral storytelling; transmedial border crossings;

In my paper, I examine the spontaneous and directed changes in folktales over the last seventy years. My questions are: how are the concept of tradition, the attitude about tradition, the relation between users, owners, researchers, and vendors of tradition modified and organized by communication technologies and mediums piled into the same period. I follow the folktales, their way from the traditional tellers and their audience to functional tellers today, the transition from orality to literacy, multimedia and some kind of “e-tradition”, and finally the return to the traditional folktale telling. After the Second World War, there came the years of socialism and communism, the period of people’s democracy, and in the given historical-political context everything was controlled by the Communist Party: the organization of compulsory education, the emergence of new communication technologies, the rapid spread of newspapers, magazines, books and later the radio and television, the rapid dissemination of news and information. As a result, the traditional, oral folk culture, the structure of the texts underwent spontaneous and directed changes. The registration and preservation of folklore genres which played an important role in the construction of national and local identity became significant. Turning organic tradition into cultural heritage could and can be done only with the authority of socially well-positioned individuals, but the production and distribution of representations carries the risk of the scientific and representative folklorism.

The nay-powered personality: Ion Creangă

The nay-powered personality: Ion Creangă

Author(s): Cătălina A. Pîrvu,Ioan Florin Diaconu,Narcis Aprodu,Cristina Ruxandra Livescu,Ionela Stătescu,Mihaela Sîrghie,Florentina Gavril,Lenuș Gurguță,Bogdan C.S. Pîrvu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Ion Creangă; personality; creativity;

Saith the first sorcerer: ―The good news, dear Smaranda, is that your firstborn will be nurturing and protective of others – he will consequently be a good organizer. The bad news, however, is that this firstborn son of yours will be uncooperative, highly anxious, highly critical of others and unconsciously hostile; he will be driven by exaggerated feelings of power and he will fight for acceptance – he must always be ‗right,‘ whereas others are always ‗wrong.‘‖

Zeugmatic Spaces: East/Central European Feminisms

Zeugmatic Spaces: East/Central European Feminisms

Author(s): Mihaela Mudure / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

THIS ARTICLE COMES FROM A SENSE OF DISCONTENT THAT THE CULTURAL POSITION OF EAST/CENTRAL EUROPEAN FEMINISMS HAS NOT BEEN THEORIZED ENOUGH IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER NON-FIRST WORLD FEMINISMS. I USE A RHETORICAL FIGURE, ZEUGMA, IN ORDER TO UNDERPIN THE SPECIFICITY AND THE COMMONALITIES OF THE POST-COMMUNIST AREA FEMINISMS AS COMPARED TO THE HEGEMONIC FEMINISMS OF THE WORLD, OR TO THIRD WORLD FEMINISMS. ZEUGMA (FROM AN ANCIENT GREEK WORD MEANING ‘BRIDGE’) IS A FIGURE OF SPEECH THAT RELIES ON BALANCE AND ACCEPTANCE OF GRAMMATICAL DIFFERENCE. AN ALMOST PERFECT CULTURAL SPACE SHIFTER, EAST/CENTRAL EUROPE PRODUCES FEMINIST DISCOURSES THAT CONSTITUTE ZEUGMATIC SPACES IN THE WORLDWIDE CONCERTO OF WORLD FEMINISMS.

Going beyond the border. The translation of the realia in the French version of “România pitorească” by Alexandru Vlahuță

Dépasser la frontière. La traduction des realia dans la version française de « România pitorească » d’Alexandru Vlahuță

Author(s): Mathieu Mokhtari / Language(s): French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: realia;boundary;translation strategy;Alexandru Vlahuta;Margarita Miller-Verghy;

This paper deals with the translation of cultural references in Alexandru Vlahuta’s book “România pitorească”. Indeed, this work is full of culture-specific items that require special attention and appropriate translation strategies to preserve all the linguistic savor of the source text. This translation, carried out by Margarita Miller-Verghy – one of the few Romanian women translators –, will be analyzed in order to study the difficulties raised by the translation of those realia and the solutions provided. In the same way, we will show to what extent the cultural boundaries are permeable.

DEFICIENT RELATIONSHIPS IN THE PARENT-ADOLESCENT DIADAD: PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS

RELAȚII DEFICITARE ÎN DIADA PĂRINTE - ADOLESCENT: INTERVENȚII PSIHOLOGICE

Author(s): Silvia Briceag,Alexandra Hrițcu / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: relations; parents; teenager; conflicts; psychologist;

It is well known that the parent-child relationship can be considered the most important of the relationships that can generally be formed between people. In addition to being a definitive and indestructible bond, it should also be the closest and strongest possible bond between people. Nothing in this world compares to a successful relationship full of understanding, respect, and love, as is the relationship between parents and their children.

It is the Jurisprudence of the High Court of Cassation and Justice a Creator of Law?

Este jurisprudența Înaltei Curți de Casație și Justiție creatoare de drept ?

Author(s): Mihai Bădescu / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: jurisprudence; source of law; Supreme Court; appeal in the interest of the law; unraveling of legal issues;

In the legal systems that establish it as a formal source of law, the case law includes the practical experience of the judicial bodies that apply the right to concrete cases. In these legal systems, the judge can make decisions with general value, decisions that can become creative sources of law. Prior to the law as a source of law, jurisprudence did not have the same role in the legal systems, this role being different from one historical era to another, from one system to another. In contemporary law, the jurisprudence has its particularities, in relation to the legal system in which it is founded: in Roman-German law, the jurisprudence is the result of the interpretation and application of the law, carried out by the judicial body, according to the will of the legislator who adopted the legal norm; in Anglo-Saxon law, the precedent is the authority that a judicial decision can have in cases analogous to the one in which it was pronounced; In this system, the judge is not a mere interpreter of the law; he is the creator of law (judge made law). In Romanian law, which does not belong to the Anglo-Saxon system, but to the family of Romanian-German law, the jurisprudence has a special status. We consider two situations that underline the importance of the precedent in this legal system: the decisions of the Constitutional Court (which are general-binding and have power only for the future) and the decisions of the High Court of Cassation and Justice (in the case of the appeal in the interest of the law and in the situation where The High Court is called upon to give a preliminary ruling on the issue of legal issues). From the point of view of the present study, it is precisely these decisions of the Supreme Court, according to the two procedures regulated in civil procedural law and criminal procedural law. From this perspective, seeking to answer the question that gives the title of this study, we admit that, in Romanian law, the case law can be considered a secondary source of the law. The reserve attitude towards recognizing the source of the right of jurisprudence is based on the principle of separation of powers in the state: the adoption of laws is the responsibility of the legislator, their application, the responsibility of the judicial bodies. To recognize the courts the right of direct normative elaboration, would mean to force the door of legislative creation, disturbing the balance of powers (N. Popa).

Development of Means of Communication of Civil Procedural Acts in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Dezvoltarea mijloacelor de comunicare a actelor de procedură civilă în contextul pandemiei de Covid-19

Author(s): Andrei-Radu Dincă,Ioana-Anamaria Filote-Iovu / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: summoning; communication of procedural acts; digitalizing; telephone; electronic file;

The context of the health crisis generated by the Covid-19 pandemic represented a good opportunity for the digitalization of the judiciary to evolve, feeling more and more the need to change the paradigm in summoning and communication of procedural acts. In this study, the authors aim to make a critical analysis of the current legislative framework, viewed from a historical perspective, of the means of communication of procedural documents, highlighting the difficulties encountered in judicial practice. In the final part of the study, the authors formulate several de lege ferenda proposals, likely to streamline the activity for the courts

A REINTERPRETATION OF THE TRINOMA DIDACTOGENY - PROFESSIONAL INCORRECTNESS - SCHOOL FAILURE

O REINTERPRETARE A TRINOMULUI DIDACTOGENIE – INCORECTITUDINE PROFESIONALĂ - EȘEC ȘCOLAR

Author(s): Mihai Sleahtitchi / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: didactogeny; teacher; inappropriate teacher behavior;

Didactogenies, as they appear daily - as states that exert unwanted effects on students (psychologically, medically and / or pedagogically) - are directly related to those fundamental moral qualities of the teacher that form its inadequacy. It has been found that teachers who have conservative beliefs, anti-democratic ideas and feelings, are rigid and resistant to change or have a tendency to avoid dialogue, are less concerned with understanding how students perceive the learning situation and solve in an appropriate manner various school problems. Such a teacher can only be disliked and rejected in his attempt to collaborate with students. We can say, therefore, that the educational process can be productive only if the teacher applies in practice character traits compatible with the basic requirements of this process. School success cannot be registered where the teacher shows egocentrism, cowardice, hypocrisy, indifference, unjustified pride, emotional instability, insufficient self-control, injustice in appreciation and / or hatred towards work. Such a teacher has chosen the wrong job and must leave it voluntarily or be determined to do so

The Concept of Identity in the Technological Era

The Concept of Identity in the Technological Era

Author(s): Ines Razec / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence;Personal Identity;society;self;digitization;

We are currently witnessing a process of redefinition of the social structures that we are part of, through the new technologies, which are gradually entering all sectors of our lives, influencing the way we think, live, and relate to others. Since man is essentially a “political animal”, designed to evolve within a community, what impact will the digitalization era have on his behavior, especially when the physical limits imposed by the body are progressively disappearing? The objective of this study is to explore some of the subtle, but sure transformations of human behavior in the technological era, with a particular emphasis on the process of communication, personal feelings, and identity. In a more connected world than ever, where absolutely everything can be quantified, physical reality is in danger of being replaced by the virtual one. In this dynamic, the body could gradually become the only real impediment on the way to progress. Engaged in this alert race, we risk being dehumanized, in an attempt to be as similar as possible to the machines, which, undisturbed by the feelings, experiences, and behavioral predispositions specific to the human being, operate more accurately and are more effective. History shows that man essentially remains the same, with each age illustrating another facet of him. This is why, a thorough education from an early age is needed both in terms of the consequences of digitization and the means to cope with it, thus preventing us from distorting our essence.

Romanian-Russian relations (1878-1888). Tensions, conflicts and attempts at reconciliation

Relațiile româno‑ruse (1878‑1888). Tensiuni, conflicte și încercări de reconciliere

Author(s): Liviu Brătescu / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Romanian political class; 1875-1788; Cahul; Ismail; Bolgrade; Romanian-Russian relations;

Intenţia noastră în cadrul acestui studiu este aceea de a analiza modul în care s‑a raportat clasa politică românească în perioada 1875‑1878 la ceea ce ar putea fi numit „problema sudului Basarabiei”, adică a judeţelor Cahul, Ismail şi Bolgrad revenite în trupul Moldovei prin Congresul de la Paris din 1856 şi pierdute de către statul român în urma reuniunii internaționale de la Berlin (1878).

Nicolae Iorga and the Centenary of the Rape of Bessarabia (1812-1912)

Nicolae Iorga Şi Centenarul Răpirii Basarabiei (1812‑1912)

Author(s): Constantin I. Stan / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Nicolae Iorga; the Rape of Bessarabia; 1812-1912;

Împlinirea unui secol de la răpirea Basarabiei de către Rusia ţaristă a prilejuit organizarea unor manifestaţii zgomotoase în Chişinău. La 3 mai 1912 a avut loc o adunare a zemstvei guberniale a Basarabiei sub preşedinţia directorului administrativ gubernial A. N. Iugan. Cu această ocazie, s-a discutat problema găsirii celor mai potrivite căi şi metode prin care să se convingă populaţia să vină la serbările ce se vor organiza pe 16 mai 1912. Autorităţile guberniale au decis ca în ziua jubileului să fie o adevărată sărbătoare. În acest scop, a fost aprobată suma de 20.000 de ruble pentru împodobirea şi iluminarea Palatului Gubernial din Chişinău şi alte 7000 de ruble repartizate celor şapte preşedinţi de judeţ. În total, pentru amintitele festivităţi s-au cheltuit 734.000 de ruble sau 1.800.000 de lei.

Imperfect

Imperfect

Author(s): Marina Dzhonova,Bilyana Mihaylova,Ekaterina Tarpomanova / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Protection of Fundamental Rights in the European Union During the Health Crisis Generated by Covid-19

Protecția drepturilor fundamentale în Uniunea Europeană în timpul crizei sanitare generate de Covid-19

Author(s): Daniel - Mihail Şandru / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: European Union; Romania; health crisis; fundamental rights; legislation; free movement of persons; soft law; transparency of institutions;

Fundamental rights in the European Union, including Romania, are a sensitive point in the action of the European organization, its leaders and the representatives of the Member States during a period of crisis, which has not yet ended. The European Union guarantees the highest level of respect for human rights by establishing the Charter of Fundamental Rights, a document with legal force of Treaties, yet limited in its scope. The study aims to substantiate the possibilities for interpretation and application of specific human rights rules in the European Union, by referring to the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union which adds to the document and other sources, such as general principles of Union law or the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. This multitude of institutions, agencies and offices as well as sources related to the protection of fundamental rights raises the issue of their observance in a borderline situation, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Although the crisis has not ended at this time, the most important moments seem to have taken place: the imposition of traffic restrictions - on people and goods -, the purchase of medical equipment or the financing of vaccine discovery research and their purchase. The study examines the legal implications of the health crisis by sampling them, starting from the observance of its own rules by the Union institutions, in particular regarding the decision-making transparency of the European Commission, regulation by documents without binding legal force (soft law), especially by recommendations issued by the Commission European or measures taken to restore the free movement of persons.

AI and IoT Mapping and the Transition to an Interconnected Cyber Defence and Intelligence Capabilities

AI and IoT Mapping and the Transition to an Interconnected Cyber Defence and Intelligence Capabilities

Author(s): Joseph JONES,Angela Ioniță,Ioan-Cosmin MIHAI / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: AI; Decision-making; Human-machine teams; Hyperautomation; IoT;

This paper brings together authors from a diverse range of technical areas to discuss the evolving cyber threat landscape and how military forces, have transformed their capabilities to meet present-day operational challenges in cyberspace. The Internet of Things (IoT) is based on the premise that enough data can lead to new perspectives on processes and systems. With over 7 billion IoT devices connected today, experts expect that number to increase to 22 billion by 2025. They can be used to support decisions and new products and services, or they can lead to internal savings and new external revenue streams. Despite countless discussions and opinions on the definition of AI in its various facets, successful IoT implementation projects require major actors to play their part, but in conjunction with human experts to work with to make better decisions in cyberspace, improving the quality of human-machine team’s actions in asymmetric operations. The Defence domain already looking at ways to organize better human-machine teams, which promise to boost individual and team performance, reduce threats to humans, enable new operating concepts, and ultimately boost national power.

Church and Change with a Special Focus on the Romanian Institutional Ecclesiology

Church and Change with a Special Focus on the Romanian Institutional Ecclesiology

Author(s): Dan Sandu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Orthodox Church; change; theology; Romanian history; Church history; communism; secularisation;

Pre present context views the Church as a construct of human mind, promoting religiosity and a certain ritual (mostly needed by the people with no reference to a living God) whose main role is to provide social services in a given society, or, in a more plastic exposure, "the club of Christ". And this is in general accurate given that she passed through history making use of the same means and instruments of any human organisation. Her transcendent dimension was entrusted to the mystical minds and liturgists who defined her as a boat of salvation and the foretasting of the Kingdom. Is such an institution subject to change? If yes, what can be changed and when, in what extent and for what length? The study aims at a few attempts to accept change as a form of subsistence. The faithful have their own expectations from the main Church, the experiences of the Romanian Church members abroad bring new challenges facing this conservative institution. One cannot speak of real change, but rather an adaptation to the new context where the mythical approach of religion leaves more room for the rational approach and even to the pluralistic one. This is presented as the normal evolution of the future religion which expects to be more spiritual than institutional, in line with the new discoveries of neuroscience, evolution and hard sciences, towards an integral (even super-integral) approach.

Bioethical implications of transgender-specific medical interventions

Implicații bioetice în intervențiile medicale specifice persoanelor transgender

Author(s): Ionuț-Paul Anea / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: transgender people; hormone therapies; genital surgeries; specific psychotherapies; sexual integrity;

In the desire for an anatomical conformation to the gender that certain transgender people claim to have, they resort to modern medical technology. These interventions mainly refer to hormone therapies, genital surgeries and specific psychotherapies. The principles of Christian bioethics that aim at the uniqueness and integrity of the human person, his dichotomous structure, his psycho-physical well-being are the basis for accepting or not any medical intervention on the human person. Mainly, Christian bioethics considers a few references: the cause, the way and especially the purpose for which a person requests or requires a certain medical act. Christianity has always viewed with aversion and canonically sanctioned any mutilation of the person's body, the famous case of the castration of Origen being well known. Preserving bodily sexual integrity is a Christian bioethical principle, given the sacredness of the human body, "the temple of the Holy Spirit" (I Cor. 6:19). Interventions that can be accepted aim at the same principles that reject unnatural medical interventions. The cause that determines the desire for such an intervention is pursued, if this cause is a just one and in accordance with Christian ethics; likewise, the way in which it is intervened, as well as the purpose for which it is intervened, being accepted only the therapeutic medical interventions, those interventions that seek to restore the affected psycho-physical health (for example, reparative surgery of genital malformations).

The Right to Free Elections in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights

Prawo do wolnych wyborów w świetle orzecznictwa Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka

Author(s): Dominika Szkółka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: European Convention on Human Rights; Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; Protocol 1; suffrage; European Court of Human Rights; free elections

The article concerns the right to free elections in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. It examines the meaning of the phrases used in the article 3 of Protocol 1 such as reasonable intervals, secret ballot, choice of the legislature, free expression of the opinion of people. Moreover, the situations in which the right can be restricted are pointed out. In the end, the author discusses whether the right may be considered and protected as a transnational rule.