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THE ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY

ANALIZA CONCEPTULUI DE PORNOGRAFIE INFANTILĂ

Author(s): Alexandru-Georgian Stolojescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 4/2013

Keywords: pornography; child; sexual activity; exploitation; illegal content images.

Pornography is a general term that usually applies to graph representations with sexually explicit content. Whether it is committed offline or online, the crime of child pornography seriously harms the child’s rights. Throughout this study, the authors analyze the concept of child pornography from the legal and doctrinal perspective.

The criminal responsability of the under age

Raspunderea penala a minorilor

Author(s): Eugenia Ciofu-Cihodariu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3-4/2009

Keywords: juvenile delinquency; youth crime; lack of judgement; rehabilitation; prevention

Juvenile delinquency is a major issue that our society has to deal with. Nowadays, criminal acts performed by juveniles are more and more frequent. The intensity and the gravity of youth crime depend mostly on the social, economic and cultural conditions, as well on the family environment. According to the Criminal Code the minor that has reached the age of 14 can not be held criminally responsible for his illicit deeds due to an absolute benefit of lack of judgement. The underage between 14-16 years old can not be held criminally responsible if it proves that he has committed the deed with judgement, having a relative benefit of lack of judgement. One who has reached the age of 16 can be held responsible, for his judgement is being presumed. Our legal system has specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as rehabilitation services and programmes and juvenile detention centers in order to prevent youth from becoming involved again in criminal or other antisocial activities. The penal laws’ aim is to protect the under age, to rehabilitate them and to help them reinstate in society, due to the educational measures.

Street children in Romania and juvenile delinquency

Copiii strãzii din România și prevenirea infracționalitãții

Author(s): Oxana Andrei Sargarovski / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1-2/2009

Keywords: Street children; family at risk; fragile identity; value system; strategies of survival; institutions of protection

The street children phenomenon represents a social expression, whose origin and action are supposing a multitude of cultural, social, economic, psychological, political factors, having a mutual interacting action, and a specific dynamic. Considering the functions of the family on child development (economic, socializing and social integration, wedded life solidarity and cohesion, educating, emotional safety assuring etc.), that means the family at risk to entail the children to arrive in the stradal environment is one where one or more among these functions are not achieved.

Determinants of Social Exclusion in Romania: A Quantitative Analysis Using Logistic Regression

Determinanţii excluziunii sociale în România: o analiză cantitativă utilizând regresia logistică

Author(s): Dan Gheorghe Apateanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 02/2013

Keywords: social exclusion; social protection; empirical analysis; logistic regression

Social exclusion affects not only some social groups, that belongs to this category, but also the society as a whole. Hence, in order to ensure the community welfare, it is desirable to fight against social exclusion. In the first part of the paper, I have put forward the theoretical framework of the social exclusion. Next, I have illustrated a general overview of Romanians incomes after 1989, since their relevance is emphasized in most of the studies on social exclusion. I have examined the dynamics of incomes and I have pointed out the fluctuation of real incomes, as well as the magnitude of social groups confronted with this problem. I have continued with an analysis of the legal framework of social protection, in order to grasp the approach used to solve the lack of financial resources of the vulnerable groups. In the last part of the study, I have focused on the empirical analysis of the social exclusion determinants, in order to circumscribe from the social body the vulnerable parts. After I described the independent variables and operationalized the dependent variable, I have analyzed the available databases, by logistic regression analyses, and I have set forth the determinants of social exclusion, amongst the most important being families living in households with children, that increase the social exclusion, and a high level of education, that helps fight the social exclusion. Therefore, the paradigm of the social exclusion, which emphasizes the influence of the social and demographic characteristics of the individuals, it is proven to have a considerable explicative power.

From Restorative Justice to Restorative Practices: Applicability in the Field of Social Work

De la justiţie restaurativă la practici restaurative: aplicabilitate în sfera asistenţei sociale

Author(s): Anamaria Szabo / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2010

Keywords: restorative practices; restorative justice; social work; systemic permeability

The restorative field developed rapidly in the past decades, first as practice, afterwards as theory. More and more we are witnessing restorative practices which are crossing the boundaries of the criminal justice system and are implemented in other fields – process identified as systemic permeability. One of these fields is social work, with which restorative practices have common values and principles. In Romania, the restorative field is emerging, the fist experiments being undertaken in 2002. Nowadays, mediation is implemented in different criminal and civil cases, and four types of measures are implemented to increase the victim’s visibility and protection during the criminal justice process. In the Romanian social work arena, incipient restorative practices are developing, but clear procedures are not yet developed. The article aims to clarify several aspects of the restorative field – conceptual framework, origins, values and guiding principles and models of practice – as there seems to be a lack of popularity and knowledge among the Romanian social work professionals. Also, the main restorative practices implemented in Romania are presented and a discussion on the applicability of these practices in the social work field is made.

Song forms from Kustilj and neighbouring villages

Cîntece-formule din Costei si din satele din jur

Author(s): Kristina Planjanin Simic / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 01/2011

Keywords: song forms; children’s folklore; song; children’s rhythm; children; cîntece-formule; folclorul copiilor; cîntece; ritmul copiilor; copii

Song-forms constitute one of the four sub-categories of folklore within the classification of children’s folklore The song-forms reflect children's responses in relation to nature. They are dedicated to animals that children find interesting and dear. In the distant past, they were performed at fixed hours and days, on certain places and there was a number of their repetition, but over the past centuries, they lost the initial position and became the motive for play and recreational activities for children. In the examples collected for this paper, what can be observed and singled out are a few basic melodic and rhythmic motifs that also occur in children's songs around the world, the connection between children's rhythm with the text, simplicity and the syllable of melody as well as the fact that the tone of these songs often relates to archaic diatonic infra-pentatonic series. In addition to educational and entertainment features, these songs reveal a mentality, way of thinking, creativity and spiritual development of a generation that will grow up at the beginning of the 21st century.

The cross-border merger of companies (I)

Fuziunea transfrontalieră a societăţilor comerciale (i)

Author(s): Andreea Corina Tarsia / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 02/2008

Keywords: cross-border merger; joint-stock company (JSC); sleeping partners company (SPC); company with limited liability (LLC); European company (EC)

Free competition on the European single market implies free movement of capital conjugate with market rules and stimulating foreign investments, in terms of protection of consumers and shareholders. In order to harmonize and render uniform laws of the Member States in fields of common interest, the EC Directive no. 2005/56 of 26 October 2005 on crossborder mergers of companies expressly states".. the objective of the proposed action”, establishing “.. the rules with common elements to the transnational level ..”, reiterating the objective of “…removal of barriers to trade and adaptation of production structures in the size of the Community”, which is expressed in the preamble to Regulation (EC) no. 2157/2001 of 8 October 2001 regarding the status of the European company (SE). Reorganization by co penetration of patrimonies is very important for achieving goals of great scale on which these companies are planning to extend the work, acquiring new clientele and maximize profits.

A critical overview on the procedure of the dissolution of adoption

O privire critică asupra operaţiunii desfacerii adopţiei

Author(s): Mircea-Andrei Duman / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 02/2014

Keywords: adoption; dissolution of adoption; legal reasons; the procedure of the dissolution of adoption; the effects of the dissolution of adoption.

The importance of the legislative regulation of the procedure of the dissolution of adoption seems to be obvious, considering the possibility that subsequently to the approval of the adoption certain legal situations or reasons might appear, which have not been foreseeable at the beginning and which make impossible or very difficult – involving the sacrifice of the superior interest of the child – the integral preservation of the adoption. As shown in the introduction of this study, the procedure of the dissolution of adoption knew basically different regulations. The alternative to which the legislator has chosen finally is superior from the point of view of the legislative technique. The present civil code sets forth in a punctual way the cases in which the dissolution of the adoption may be decided, as well as the effects that is generates. This study intends to approach in a critical way the procedure of the dissolution of the adoption, the conditions in which it might be disposed, as well as the effects that it produces, as they are completely provided in this Civil Code and in Law no. 273/2004 on the procedure of adoption, amended and republished in 2012.

The criminal liability of minors under the new Criminal Code

Aspecte referitoare la rãspunderea penalã a minorului în noul Cod penal

Author(s): Bogdan Dumitru Moloman / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 01/2014

Keywords: new Criminal Code; criminal liability; minor; educational measures that deprive of liberty or that do not and are applicable to minors

Criminal liability imposes that sanctions that are applied must correspond with the psychological and physical characteristics of the criminals. Thus, the punitive objective that is sought through the sanction must circumscribe to the goal of educating the subject of the sanction. For this reason, the criminal liability of minors appears to be a sui generis liability. Various perspectives determine the legislator to give juvenile criminals an attenuated criminal treatment. The main reason for the present study is the desire of an intellectual leaning towards a theme that most of the time requires increased attention. Firstly, because juvenile criminals present special features as they are going through a moment of their existence when their psychological and emotional development has not yet reached its peak and this can often cause slippages which can translate into criminal offences. Secondly, a criminal law subject with special characteristics can only have a sanctioning treatment that reflects this, namely a manner of repression with accents of absolute particularity. The main novelty of the New Criminal Code in this regard is the complete removal of punishments for minors that are criminally liable, as now they have a sanctioning regime consisting exclusively of educational measures that can either imply deprivation of liberty (internment in a re-education centre and internment in a detention centre) or not (civic formation stage, surveillance, consignment at the end of the week and daily assistance). The work contains a detailed analysis of the educational measures, together with mentions to the corresponding measure in the old legislation (or the lack thereof), as well as an attempt of quantifying the level of severity that each of the measures implies. As we will see, the Romanian New Criminal Code will maintain itself in the sphere of European legislations that keep a separate sanctioning regime for juvenile criminals, thus differentiating itself from other law systems. However, the Romanian legislator once again shows a certain degree of originality.

The special education: from segregation to integration and inclusion

Educatia speciala: de la segregare la integrare si incluziune

Author(s): Livius Manea / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2002

Keywords: childrens' special education; segregation; integration; inclusion;

Children with disabilies problems, their integration into the common educational system are the main topics of article. The author presents the actual situation and proposes solutions.

MODEL FOR ORGANIZATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE A PRESCHOOL DEAF IN RUSSIA

MODEL DE ORGANIZARE A ASISTENŢEI PSIHOLOGICE A PREŞCOLARILOR DEFICIENŢI DE AUZ ÎN RUSIA

Author(s): Emilia Furdui / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2013

Keywords: disability; hearing impairment; psychological; medical and pedagogical; assistance.

In this article is presented the structure of a model of psychological assistance of hearing impaired children in the psycho-pedagogical and medico-social Assistence Center for children with disabilities fiom Russia (Novokuzneţk).

THE EVALUATION OF INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS METHODS AND TECHNIQUES – ANOTHER STEP IN IMPROVING THE INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS PROCESS

EVALUAREA METODELOR ŞI TEHNICILOR DE ANALIZĂ DE INTELLIGENCE – ÎNCĂ UN PAS SPRE EFICIENTIZAREA PROCESULUI DE ANALIZĂ

Author(s): VALENTIN NICULA / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 13/2015

Keywords: intelligence analysis; analytical techniques; assessing the methods; evaluation matrix;

Intelligence analysts are forced to face the most diverse challenges generated by the security environment they analyze, so they must constantly update methodologies and analytical techniques used to meet beneficiaries’ needs.On the other hand, the development of technological and scientific spectrum generally brings methodological development, offering a wide range of options for researchers and analysts in their respective fields.From this point of view, we can talk about the temptation of novelty and accessibility of some analysis methods and techniques that can be borrowed and implemented in the field of intelligence analysis. In this regard, this study propose a tool for assessing the methods and analytical techniques developed in the form of an evaluation matrix, tested on a number of risk analysis methods and techniques suitable for being applied in intelligence analysis

Integrated education

Integrated education

Author(s): Lioara Bianca Buboiu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 33/2015

Keywords: Disability; Education; Integration; Segregation; Normalization;

Accepting and valuing people with disabilities is a key aspect of social policies promoted worldwide. The implementation of these policies aim normalize the lives of people with disabilities through full integration in the society to which they belong. Removing discrimination and social barriers equates to a maturing of the society, maturing translated by accepting diversity that surrounds us. Each person must be appreciated at its true value regardless of its condition of normality or deviation from it. Valuing individuals can be achieved only through a full acceptance in society, by assigning statuses and fulfilling social roles. School integration of children with special educational needs in mainstream education is a challenge and involves many aspects to be successful. It is the premise of social integration, the basis for future socio-professional insertion. Integrated education is the first step towards a world of equal opportunities, a world without discrimination.

The citizenship and the social inclusion

Cetățenia și incluziunea socială

Author(s): Angela Cara / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2013

Keywords: citizenship education; democracy; social inclusion; student-oriented methodology;

This research has as point of departure the key question as we initiate a new millennium "How do we live with one another?". Nowadays the problem of inclusion is closely linked to the democratic citizenship education, to the new paradigm of education which is based on student-oriented methodology. The research seeks to determine which the practical implications at the central and local levels are, in order to make schools more inclusive in Moldova.

Laudatio for Judge Paraschiva Dumitru

Laudatio pentru Doamna Judecătoare Paraschiva Dumitru

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: laudatio; judge Paraschiva Dumitru; religious liberty; schools;

THE PERSPECTIVE AND THE EFFECTS OF ROBOTICS COURSES IN SCHOOL EDUCATION

PERSPECTIVA ŞI EFECTELE UTILIZĂRII CURSURILOR DE ROBOTICĂ ÎN EDUCAŢIA ŞCOLARILOR

Author(s): Ana Maria Popa / Language(s): Romany / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: children; math; problems; robotics; solution;

This research has focused on exploring how the introduction of robotics classes in school can improve the educational process, especially in the direction of teaching children with the abilities of the 21st century, due to the new robotics that are attracting more and more. Two groups of students from a state school in Bucharest, Secondary School Nr. 195, participated in this research. The experimental group participated in the Robotics course and the control group participated in a course on Applied Mathematics in Transmission of the Movement, over a seven weeks period, in the year 2017. At that time, the students in both groups were in 3rd grade, their average ages was 9-10 years. The group that conducted the Robotics course had 33 students, and the group that developed the Applied Mathematics course in Transmitting the Movement had 37 students. For this research, LEGO kits such as Lego Mindstorm have been used and assimilated, allowing students to work in teams. This facilitated the understanding of the basic notions, and the children subsequently succeeded in expressing and developing their own ideas. The notions of robotics, the basic technological concepts have been easily assimilated by groups of students aged 10. Student debates, mathematical problem solving, teamwork, and the interest of children in the process of designing robots shows that robotics is a winning discipline.

The Impact of the Permissive Parental Style on Children Development

The Impact of the Permissive Parental Style on Children Development

Author(s): Rodica Bratu / Language(s): English / Issue: 23/2019

Keywords: permissive parental style; self esteem; academic achievement; emotional and behavioral development, families; adolescent;

The research for the revision of literature is one of the first and most important steps in the research process. Some recent series of research identified associations between different practices and parental studies and internalization problems at young people. This work intend to be a synthesis of the materials about the impact of the permissive parental style on children development.

The Convention of the Rights of the Child – 20th anniversary

Convenția internațională cu privire la drepturile copilului – 20 de ani de la adoptare

Author(s): Irina Zlătescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2009

Keywords: The Convention of the Rights of the Child; protection of the rights of the child; economic crisis;

The study, devoted to the rights of the child topic at the 20 the anniversary of the United Nations Convention, shows the main moments with the development of the protection of the rights of the child, at universal and regional, European, levels, from the legal and the institutional framework down to present orientations, ways of action, strategies and significant programmes. On examining this evolution, as well as the real situation of children, a vulnerable category in general and particularly under the circumstances of the economic crisis, the author concludes that, despite the progress achieved so far, the protection of the rights of the child still has a long way to go, which implies the need for massive, constant and conjugated efforts.

LEGISLATIVE NEWS

ACTUALITATE LEGISLATIVĂ

Author(s): Redactia Pro Lege / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 07/2022

Keywords: ode of Civil Procedure; Code of Criminal Procedure; Land Law No 18/1991; Law No 272/2004 on the protection and promotion of the rights of the child; Code of Fiscal Procedure;

In July 2022, several legislative acts were published in the Official Journal, among which we mention: Order of the Minister of Finance No 1.528/2022 on the establishment of the Procedure for granting tax facilities in the field of construction; Law No 198/2022 on amending and supplementing certain regulatory acts in the field of electronic communications and establishing measures to facilitate the development of electronic communications networks; Order of the Minister of Finance No 1.525/2022 on the establishment of the Procedure for granting tax facilities in the agricultural sector and in the food industry. Moreover, in July, several legislative acts were amended, among which: Decree-Law No 118/1990 on the granting of certain rights to persons persecuted for political reasons by the dictatorship established since 6 March 1945 and to those deported abroad or taken prisoner; Code of Civil Procedure; Code of Criminal Procedure; Land Law No 18/1991; Law No 272/2004 on the protection and promotion of the rights of the child; Code of Fiscal Procedure. Also, the ECHR judgment of 16 November 2021 in the case of T. v. Romania (Application No. 19.146/18) was also published in the Official Gazette in July.

The captain’s status and the Maritime Labour Convention

Statutul căpitanului şi Convenţia muncii maritime

Author(s): François Mandin / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 02/2015

Keywords: captain; status; Maritime Labour Convention;

Convenţia muncii maritime, care a intrat în vigoare la 20 august 2013, se aplică tuturor navigatorilor care muncesc pe vase comerciale sub pavilionul statelor ce au ratificat-o. În această convenţie căpitanul ocupă o singură poziţie. Ca marinar, el este beneficiarul Convenţiei. În calitate de căpitan, el trebuie să asigure implementarea acesteia. Această funcţie socială, după cum reiese din Convenţie, nu este declarată în mod expres. Ea completează funcţiile nautice, comerciale şi publice ale căpitanului şi trasează o schimbare substanţială în responsabilităţile căpitanului