![Lonely Identity](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2011_12913.jpg)
Keywords: Poland; social adaptation; immigration; repatriates; repatriation; repatriation policy; Poles abroad; identity;
This paper, based on an empirical research project, offers information on students of Polish descent from Kazakhstan who study in Poland. The article begins with the introduction of the legal framework related to international students and their scholarship schemes. In the next sections the author discusses various issues related to students of Polish descent, including their motivation for arriving to Poland, obstacles they encounter and their identity problems.
More...Keywords: Joachim Lelewel; Adam Mickiewicz; early-romantic historical narration; Lelewel's "Historyczna paralela Hiszpanii z Polską [A Historical Parallel of Spain and Poland]"
The article offers a reflection on the changes of early-romantic historical narration in Poland, which the author discusses as based on Joachim Lelewel’s and Adam Mickiewicz’s texts. The main subject of interest in the paper is “Historyczna paralela Hiszpanii z Polską (A Historical Parallel of Spain and Poland)” (written in 1820, published in 1831 and continued in the 1830s) and historicism based on parallelism and synchrony. It finds its expression not only in a comparative thinking about history but also in a narrative and graphic “parallelizing” (J. Lelewel). A similarly comparative type of historism is found both in the then scientific and popular historical writing and in literature which, in Mickiewicz’s writing rests on a figural presentation of history and Messianism. The success of the parallel at the beginning of 19th c. is by the author linked with a search for a narrative form for a new perception of history conceived as an all-pervasive, multilevel and progressive process, which hardly undergoes a simple diachronic order.
More...Keywords: structuralism in Prague; Prague linguistics circle; Jan Mukařovský; narratology
Structuralism as an area in literary science researches was a main topic at the universities of the First Czechoslovak Republic in the first half of twentieth century. The article focuses on one of the most important members of the Prague linguistics circle, structuralist Jan Mukařovský and his studies about esthetics in spirit of structuralism. He has redefined the concept of esthetic value, norm and function and also made many others elements of coherent science theory. He has worked on the concepts of structure, semantic gesture and individuality in art. Elements of his theory were used by neo- structuralists and nowadays narratologists in the analyses of literary works.
More...Keywords: archdiocese of Lwow (Lwów); Grzymalow (Grzymałów); parish registers; the Diocesan Archive in Koszalin-Kolobrzeg (Kołobrzeg)
Parish registers are getting more and more popular. Not only professional historians and genealogists, but also various passionate people come to diocesan archives. It is important for the staff of the archives to save the books properly, digitalise them and publish appropriate inventories on the content of the archives. The author in his article, preceded by a preface, showed the parish registers of Roman-Catholic Parish of Grzymalow (Grzymałów). The Parish was established in 17. Cent. Then it went through turbulent times. After the second World War it ceased to exist. Its last parish priest took some of the books with him and left them at the territory of present Koszalin-Kolobrzeg (Kołobrzeg) Diocese in Parsecko (Parsęcko). He had settled there with a numerous group of the faithful in year 1946. Now 48 parish registers are stored in the Diocesan Archive of Koszalin-Kolobrzeg (Kołobrzeg).
More...Keywords: diaries; ageing studies; senility; somatic criticism; Teodor Parnicki
Teodor Parnicki’s laconic diaries from the 1980s are filled with notes about the progress of his writing and disease, yet conceal much more than would be immediately evident. By considering what the author did not write, a very interesting picture of the final decade of communist Poland emerges. Reflection on the text, its rhythm and the construction of notes, reveals a narrative shaped by malady and senility. With the author’s decline during his final years, the schema of notes and their subject become characterized by a certain arrhythmia. These are the symptoms of the disintegrating narrative of the dying text/body.
More...Keywords: Polish-Soviet War; World War II; anti-Nazi resistance; Eastern Bloc; independence; anti-communist resistance; Solidarity Independent Trade Union
The fate of Poland in the twentieth century depended, above all, on its complex geopolitical position, since it is situated between two major European powers – Russia and Germany. Despite the considerable strong anti-Nazi resistance in Poland, after the end of World War II, Poland, along with most Eastern European countries, fell into the Soviet sphere of influence. The long anti-Russian historical tradition made Poland‘s stay in the pro-Soviet Eastern bloc full of many problems and acts of resistance. The Poles opposed the Communist regime on numerous occasions: in 1956, 1968, 1970, 1976, and 1980, before gaining their independence in June 1989. In the parliamentary elections, the independent Solidarity trade union won a decisive victory and started Poland’s transition to democracy, which was followed by other countries in the Eastern Bloc.
More...Keywords: District;Committee on Security and Order;Staroste;Local Security;Local Self-Government
W artykule przedstawiono uwarunkowania geopolityczne i sytuację polityczną i wojskową w Polsce w pierwszym okresie niepodległości, kiedy trwały zmagania z bolszewikami, które doprowadziły do przełomowej w dziejach świata bitwy warszawskiej. Wojna polsko-bolszewicka stanowiła główny element kilkuletnich starań o uzyskanie zadowalających granic dla odradzającej się po latach niewoli państwowości polskiej. Była Stanowiła zarazem sposób na skuteczne wyjście z roli pionka w rękach dyplomacji zachodnich mocarstw, których celem była odbudowa białej Rosji. O szczególnej roli polskiego zwycięstwa świadczą zarówno ambitne plany podboju głoszone przez bolszewików, jak i rewolucyjny charakter ideologii wyrażającej się w słowach: „pokój chatom, wojna pałacom”.
More...Keywords: Lemko; Lemko region; religious structure; Orthodoxy; Greek Catholic Church; cultural heritage
The Lemko churches preserved to present times are one of the most characteristic elements of the cultural landscape of the northern Carpathians. They are also clear, visual evidence of the multinational and multi-confessional history of the Beskidy mountains. Both – dramatic and complicated history and contemporary situation of the Lemko minority, perfectly presents direct impact of political events on the history of the Lemkos and their spiritual and material culture. The main purpose of the article is to show, on the example of the Lemko region, the overriding influence of political conditions on the denominational structure. Transformations and political decisions made without the participation of the most interested, in this case the Lemkos, effectively determined the private sphere of life like a religious faith. It took place both in the twentieth century and also few hundred years earlier. It also takes place today.
More...Keywords: rural studies; interdisciplinarity; scientific project
2018 marked the centenary of Poland’s independence. On this occasion the Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IRWiR PAN) attempted a synthetic academic presentation of Polish rural areas and the evolution of agriculture throughout the century, the evolution mechanisms, regularities and effects, which were analysed from a long-term perspective. These major analyses focused on the rural community, rural culture and the rural economy and spatial aspects. Hitherto, the results of studies pointed to some common features of “rural studies”, which bring together researchers operating in different scientific disciplines. The most important is the interdisciplinary nature of the studies, which makes it possible to look at rural issues and communities from a broad perspective.
More...Keywords: public policy; education; moral education; culture
The article presents a review focusing on key issues discussed within the disciple of moral education. It is regarded as a subsystem of education policy, and in a wider sense, public policy. It shows the main phenomenon, trends, ongoing discussions as well as conceptual disputes in two Anglo-Saxon countries as well as in Poland.The type and content of the article results from the fact that the Polish scientific literature almost lacks the texts dedicated to moral education. This kind of issues is partially analysed with pedagogy but its conceptual frame is different from that of public policy. The latter is focused on the school perspective and its potential to influence students’ attitudes and values.
More...Keywords: Jeleńscy; Minsk voivodeship; noble families;
Reply to Monika Jusupović's review
More...Keywords: Historiography;Slavs;national stereotypes;theory of conquest;
The article presents the formation of two different stereotypes of the ancient Slavs – as a warlike people and pacifist. Based on the Polish historiography of the nineteenth century, it was shown how the appropriate stereotype was used in the historiographic or literary representation of the ancient Slavs. The starting point for the consideration of many historians were numerous historical sources from the 6th–7th century, showing the Slavs as a belligerent, as well as one information about the peaceful attitude of this people. And it was the message of Theophylact Simocatta that won the recognition of many re-searchers living in the 18th and 19th centuries, who inscribed it in the romantic vision of Slavs based on J. G. Herder’s historiosophy. The article refers to opposite theories of Alexander Sapieha or Jan Paweł Woronicz. An attempt was also made to reconcile two opposing visions of the ancient Slavs in the theory of conquest, commonly accepted in the 19th century.
More...Keywords: Olga Tokarczuk; Estera Czoj; translations of Polish literature into Korean
The interview is dedicated to translations of Olga Tokarczuk’s texts into Korean. Korean translator Estera Czoj shares the inside story on her work on the Nobel Prize winner’s books, recalls fragments of novels that turned out to be real translation challenges, her first meeting with Olga Tokarczuk, and the writer’s visit to South Korea. The interview also addresses the aspect of the publishing strategies of Korean publishing houses, as well as the reception of Polish literature in South Korea.
More...Keywords: medieval studies; historiography; nineteenth-century historical thought; post-war Polish historiography; historiography in communist Poland
The article presents reflection on the presence of the nineteenth-century convictions and visions of the past in the Polish post-war medieval studies practiced on the historical ground. The nineteenth century was the time when modern critical historiography started to be created. For practical reasons the article discusses only the field of history, without referring to other fields that also practice medieval studies. The author emphasizes numerous historiographic references to the nineteenth-century paradigms of perceiving the past. One of them was the paradigm of describing the “national” past. What is also signaled in this study are rather archaic manners of describing the past in the post-war period and the utilitarian character of some historical studies. The article presents reflection on the presence of the nineteenth-century convictions and visions of the past in the Polish post-war medieval studies practiced on the historical ground. The nineteenth century was the time when modern critical historiography started to be created. For practical reasons the article discusses only the field of history, without referring to other fields that also practice medieval studies. The author emphasizes numerous historiographic references to the nineteenth-century paradigms of perceiving the past. One of them was the paradigm of describing the “national” past. What is also signaled in this study are rather archaic manners of describing the past in the post-war period and the utilitarian character of some historical studies.
More...Keywords: genres; Polish fantasy; Slavic folklore; Polish history
The genre trends of Polish fantasy have changed over the years. It wasn’t until the 1980s that western fantasy translations appeared in Poland, which had a huge impact on Polish authors. Despite the dominance of Tolkien’s pattern, Polish fantasy followed its own path; new subgenres developed an were closely related to Polish culture and history or inspired by Slavic folklore. The objectiveof this article is to present the fantasy genres which were the most popular until 2012 and to compare two questionnaires, from 2012 and from January 2020, that show changes in fantasy reading in Poland.
More...Keywords: review; genology; Polish journals; publishing
The review as a genre has not so far received enough critical attention. Its various forms have been acknowledged but without a deeper consideration for the evolution of the genre. The article analyzes the reviews from the periodicals and newspapers from the 19th and 20th centuries. The author points out that the character of reviews depended on the type of a periodical, the section, and the character of the reviewed work. He also outlines the development of the genre, starting from the reviews focused on book summary and ending with the reviews that aim at assessment and interpretation.
More...Keywords: Polish historiography in the years 1918–1939; the recent history; Marceli Handelsman; Wacław Lipiński; Michał Sokolnicki; Stanisław Zakrzewski;
This article deals with the process of establishing the most recent history as a legitimate object of study in Polish interwar historiography. The author attempts to reconstruct the model on which the interwar studies of the most recent history were based. Her special concern is also with debates on the social function of historiography and with attempts at the reinterpretation of Polish history from the perspective of the ‘resurrection of an independent Poland’. Following the line of research outlined above, the author analyses several historians’ views of the object and scope of the research into the most recent history and of the methods employed in it (M. Handelsman, W. Lipiński, M. Sokolnicki, S. Zakrzewski).
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