There is need to study the tendencies of language development, sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic processes and pragmalinguistics in the mother language education. Most important topic is to give to users of language information about the current functioning of language as the main instrument of social interaction. Today the Polish linguistics has the rich and actual results in this topic.
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Keywords: morphotactics; intermorph; morpheme; language changes
The text is a complementation of a reflexion on the evolution of Polish adjectives withemphasis put on intermorphs. The issue seems important for the conclusion of themorphological construction of contemporary lexemes. The following issues guided the choiceof intermorphs: 1/ It sometimes happens that an intermorph is an innovation in the timespan from Old Polish to later ages, while the sources of this innovation have common points.Should intermorphs be divided on a basis of series in every case? The problem has beenexamined on an example of intermorphs -al-, -ar- before the suffix -ny. 2/ How much shouldhistorical conditions decide on a division of modern lexemes into morphemes? The issue isbeing examined in an assessment of the status -l- in the suffix -liwy. We hope that both thesynchronic and diachronic approach to language will be included in the works on the PolishMorpheme dictionary (Author’s postulate).
More...Keywords: opieka medyczna; tatuaż; opinia publiczna
Tatuaże nadal mają pejoratywne znaczenie (np. patologiczne, gangsterskie) pomimo wzrostu tolerancji społeczeństw nowoczesnych. Celem badań było zapoznanie się z opinią pacjentów podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej na temat występowania tatuaży u personelu medycznego. W badaniach realizowanych przy pomocy autorskiej ankiety wzięło udział 120 pełnoletnich pacjentów POZ. Zdecydowana większość pacjentów uważa, że posiadanie tatuaży nie wpływa na jakość pracy (95%) służby medycznej. 50,8% respondentów jest zdania, że podczas pełnienia obowiązków zawodowych tatuaże powinny być przykryte. Współcześnie tatuaże wykonywane są w warunkach sterylnych, pomimo to badani wyrażają różnego rodzaju obawy wobec wytatuowanego personelu. Istnieje związek pomiędzy wiekiem respondentów, a ich opinią na temat całkowitego zakazu tatuowania pracowników służby zdrowia.
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Keywords: political pamphlet; social communication; history of Polish language; stylistics, picturesqueness
The main subject of the study is to point out the language and text exponents of picturesqueness as a style feature of historical pamphlet of XVI th. century. The observations were made on the example of the work Acrostichis własnego wyobrażenia Kniaża Wielkiego Moskiewskiego by Walenty Neothebel. One can indicate a few determinants of picturesqueness, they are: discontinuous words structures, proverbs and idioms, comparisons, enumerations and large and extensive description contexts. In general distinguished devices are not imaginative or exquisite, frequently being allied to simple, even colloquial language. In that the analyzed text is clearly vivid and evocative. The applied devices serve pragmatic effectiveness of the work, wich is its most important component. In the analyzed piece of work one can distinguish the features of more than one literary genre, e.g. pamphlet, morality play or dialogue, but the pragmatic aspect leads primarily to critical texts of political subject which are close right to the pamphlet. Furthermore, one can mark that Walenty Neothebel due to negative picture of tsar Ivan the Terrible presented in Acrostichis preserved the negative stereotype of Russians in Polish language and culture.
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Keywords: feminatives
The subject of the article is the asymmetry of gender in the Polish language, especially as far as the names of the prestigious professions and functions are concerned (i.e. feminatives). It also considers the function of the feminatives in both language and culture, as well as their modern use especially in ideological disputes. Short history of feminatives in Polish shows, that their presence is a natural way of filling in the lexical gaps related to development of society and changes of civilisation.
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Keywords: Polish literature; genocides; Holocaust; memory studies
Arkadiusz Morawiec’s book „Literatura polska wobec ludobójstwa. Rekonesans” (“Polish Literature towards Genocide. Reconnaissance,” 2018) is a collection of studies about the texts on the Holocaust and other crimes of genocide (from the slaughter of the Armenians to the massacre in Somalia). The author focuses on a philological analysis, brilliantly tracing selected threads and presenting their origins, though refraining from interpretation. The studies, referring to particular texts or their pieces, do not form a panorama of the topic in Polish literature. In a similar mode, the book neither poses questions about the relations between narrations of the Holocaust and the narrations of other acts of genocide (those that took place away from Poland), nor about cultural circumstances of such narrations.
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Keywords: Teacher; Early childhood teacher; Digital competences; Education 4.0
The paper presents a hermeneutic analysis of constructive, cognitive and connectivist theories as well as the results of selected empirical research on the need to shape teachers' digital competences, with special emphasis on teachers of primary classes. Against the background of contemporary requirements of post-digital education, the features and predispositions of a competent early school teacher have been characterized. The paper is published in the project VEGA 1/0748/20 Diagnosing Digital Literacy of Primary School Teachers in the Context of Undergraduate Training and Educational Reality.
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Keywords: token; Witalis Dąbrowski; bakery; Dąbrowa Górnicza; Reden
For many years, tokens from Witalis Dąbrowski’s bakery have been incorrectly ascribed to Kielce at numismatic auctions. Based on the available sources, the author of the article shows that these tokens should be linked with the mining settlement Reden (now a district of Dąbrowa Górnicza), where Witalis Dąbrowski ran a local bakery as early as in the 1880s. Additionally, the author of the article, based on archival sources and the newspapers of that time, attempts to reconstruct and present the life and career of Witalis Dąbrowski.
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Keywords: heterotopy; panopticon; Michel Foucault; Jeremy Bentham; The Truman Show
The article The illusion of freedom. “The Truman Show” as a heterotopic panopticon presents Seahaven from Peter Weir’s The Truman Show as a structure modeled on the panopticon in the mind of Jeremy Bentham and the heterotopia described by Michel Foucault. The main goal of the text is to provide evidence for such a construction of a town and to present the meaning that this evidence carries. The subject of the analysis is the world presented in The Truman Show, in which two spaces are compared: an artificially created town – the place of the show, and the space outside the studio, from which the title program is watched by viewers from around the world. The entirety is compared to the non-film reality, taking into account social fears caused by the rapid development of media and technology at the turn of the century.
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Keywords: truth; scientific knowledge; presuppositions; thought collective; thought style;
I agree with many of Adam Grobler’s theses, but several others raised my objection. (1) A.G. does not want to call scientific claims true. It is not so: very much of what scientists say about the world is true (in the classic sense), and scientists know it is. (2) A.G. leads us astray when he writes that the acceptance or rejection of hypotheses is determined, at least sometimes, by expert votes. It is not so: further research is the decisive factor in accepting or rejecting hypotheses in science. (3) While A.G. is aware of some social determinants of knowledge, he ultimately states: “individuals are the subjects of scientific knowledge.” Contrary to this, I argue that one can only be a scientist as a member of a scientific thought collective. (4) A.G. believes that scientific knowledge is based on presuppositions, accepted unconsciously, that give meaning to statements made openly. After Wittgenstein, I repeat: “After all, nothing is concealed.”
More...Keywords: child; daughter; the Holocaust; Irit Amiel; conversation; teaching
In the article, I initially analyze the issue of passing on to young children, brought up in non-Jewish families, the knowledge about the Holocaust. In this article I refer to the example of my seven-year-old daughter who, influenced by my work on the book about Irit Amiel, became interested in the Holocaust, its history and literature. Thanks to the interview, I try to understand which of the objects connected with the writer and why they influenced the seven-year-old child, and whether my own experience can be helpful in educating other young children.
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Keywords: brexit; ekodystopia; imperialna przeszłość; literatura inwazji; The Last Day
The paper aims to show how the traditions of science fiction and, above all, invasion literature provide the ideological background for reading Andrew Hunter Murray’s The Last Day as a novel about Brexit. As it draws on anxious visions of the future, in which the enemy lurks around every corner, and the only salvation is complete isolation from the world, Murray’s work is read here as a Brexit dream come true, in which Britain is once again great, independent and uncontaminated by foreign elements. By evoking the myths that focus only on glory and conveniently “forget” the dark sides of the empire, the novel demonstrates that the fantasies of the past are as distant as the fantasies of the future; the loss of the world that never was is reworked in The Last Day into the loss of ecologically viable planet.
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Keywords: Joanna Pollakówna; poetry; painting; art; essay; biography; reception
The review discusses a collective volume of papers “Strony Joanny Pollakówny” (“Aspects of Joanna Pollakówna”) edited by Anna Kozłowska and Jan Zieliński (2017). It includes interpretations of Pollakówna’s poetic, essayistic, and biographical output, an analysis of reception of her works, and a bibliography. Beyond doubts it is a fundamental book for Pollakówna’s monographers, not only of her as a poetess and essayist, but also art historian, translator, and authoress of books for children.
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Keywords: education; classes; learning; language; didactic; mind
Currently, one can see diverse attitudes to learning foreign languages. It is a result of usage of practices based on available didactic methods enriched additionally with information and communication techniques. Nevertheless, effective education is also one in which the teacher, in addition to a wide spectrum of skills, would also have basic knowledge in the field of neurolinguistics and neurodidactics. This includes understanding how the brain is involved in the process of foreign language acquisition and how to conduct classes in a “brain-friendly” way. It is already known today that (even if the topic turns out to be interesting) the student’s attention weakens after 10 minutes, while after 20 minutes his brain turns off for a short time. After a short break, attention “returns”, but according to research, the attention of the learner is attracted by issues unrelated or not fully related to the content he has just been introduced to. Knowing that this is happening, the teacher can successfully face it by resorting to stimuli that induce emotional involvement, called emotionally competent stimuli. This article presents examples of tasks that, when used during classes, will contribute to the refocus of attention in learners.
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Keywords: transhumanism; posthuman; happiness; extropy;
Transhumanism offers a vision of the evolution of human nature through technological development, culminating in the posthuman. He or she is to achieve not only an unimaginably high intellectual level and the possibility of cyber-immortality, but also to be maximally happy. The aim of the presented research was an attempt to clarify the not entirely clear idea of the posthuman and to critically address the prospects of his or her happy existence.
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Keywords: work; sense of career success; teacher; senior;
The research and scientific discussion in the paper focuses on the category of the sense of career success. In the theoretical part, main assumptions referring to this category are presented: work, the value of work, the sense of career success. They determined the direction of the scientific investigation. The study was conducted within the qualitative paradigm. The research questions were answered using the qualitative interview method. The analysis and interpretation of the data obtained led to conclusions regarding the sample interviewed, as well as recommendations regarding further studies of the categories identified.
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Keywords: citizens resolution initiative; cooperation of citizens with the commune;
The goal of this study is showing the possibilities of cooperation between the residents and the decision-making body in the implementation of its tasks. Depending on the provisions of the resolution on the principles of submitting this initiative. They can be encouraging for residents, but also those whose filling is extremely difficult. Meanwhile, municipal council should be interested in the widest possible cooperation with the residents who elected them as their representatives. In addition, it is the residents who are the beneficiaries of the resolutions of the decision-making body, so they should have the widest possible opportunity to submit their own projects. It is also a form of involvement of residents in the affairs of their local government unit in cooperation with the decision-making body.
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Keywords: Profesor Aleksander Wilkoń; Polish linguist;
In memoriam: Profesor Aleksander Wilkoń (1935–2022)
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Keywords: party system; political parties; representativeness of political parties; party identification; new parties;
This paper explores whether the Polish electorate feels that political parties represent their interests and how many voters expect the emergence of new non-parliamentary political movements. A nationwide survey study (N=970) confirms that over 30% of a study sample has no party that could be perceived as represent-ing their interests. Moreover, the results suggest that this may generate the demand for new non-parliamen-tary parties. With regard to political practice, the study, to some extent, explains why Law and Justice (PiS) won the 2019 parliamentary elections. Unlike other parties, the voters of Law of Justice declare that they have their representatives on the political scene. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that this opinion is more often expressed by elderly, poorly educated, very religious and right-wing voters. The formation of a new non-parliamentary party was more often expected by people describing themselves as center-left, non-religious, average earners and secondary-educated.
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