Series:Uniwersytet Łódzki

Transnational Judicial Dialogue on International Law in Central and Eastern Europe

Transnational Judicial Dialogue on International Law in Central and Eastern Europe

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: International Law; Transnational Judicial; CEE; Constitutional Courts; Administrative Courts; ECtHR; EU

This book is a result of a research undertaken under the direction of Professor Anna Wyrozumska by an international team of scholars from selected Central and Eastern European {CEE) States within the framework of the EUROCORES project 10-ECRP-028 International Law through the National Prism: the lmpact of Judicial Dialogue. The authors examine the approach that Polish as well as Czech, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Russian and Ukrainian courts take towards international law in the light of respective regulations governing its position in domestic legal systems. The investigation focuses on judicial dialogue emerging in this context. As the key concept of the book, the judicial dialogue is defined broadly, as a practice of using any kind of cross-references to reasoning and interpretation of law made by judges beyond a given legal system. The authors seek to understand whether, and, if so, under which circumstances and for which purposes the CEE courts enter into a dialogue with international or foreign domestic courts when international law comes into question. The ultimate objective of this study is to assess how judicial dialogue may contribute to the development of international law and, consequently, the strengthening of the rule of law. The volume contributes significantly to the mainstream academic discourse on interpretation and application of international law putting in the spotlight the CEE states’ experience.

Overcoming Controversies in East Asia

Overcoming Controversies in East Asia

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: China; China Sea; Chinese nationalism; Japanese economy; Sino-Japanese relations; security policy; North Korea; nuclear weapons; Philippine military; Europe–China cooperation; Visegrad Group (V4);

Controversies, sometimes bitter controversies, are an inherent element of international relations. Conflicting interests, different values, overlapping spheres of influences... all this make dispute settlement mechanisms crucial elements of international system. Searching for cooperation mechanisms that may help in overcoming existing controversies in Asia is the main topic of this monograph.The monograph is based on the case studies in which authors analyse disagreements as well as collaborations between different actors in Asia. They are chosen different point of views that might be roughly divided into two groups. The first set of authors tries to look at regional or even internal problems that have international impact. The second group gives an outlook on the controversies linked to rising global presence of Asia n countries, in particular China.

English Educational Policy. Contemporary Challenges in a Historical-Comparative Context

English Educational Policy. Contemporary Challenges in a Historical-Comparative Context

Author(s): Arleta Suwalska / Language(s): English

Keywords: educational ideology; educational change; education policy; school system; education in the history of England; Church’s monopoly on teaching; educational reform in England; Educational Policy

The book concerns contemporary ideological discourses, preceded by a synthetic analysis of the roots of political changes in education in England. The author focusses on trends and stages of educational development from the tenth century to the post-war reform of the education system in England. Also presented are the neoliberal trend in English educational policy and the genesis of the 1998 educational reforms in England and their consequences up to 2013.

The role and functions of controllers in organization management

The role and functions of controllers in organization management

Author(s): Marta Kawczyńska,Tomasz Wnuk-Pel / Language(s): English

Keywords: management accounting development; controllers in Polish organizations; professional qualifications; controllers in organization management

The main objective of this monograph is to determine on the basis of the survey the role of controllers in contemporary Polish companies. The study confirmed that same of the tasks performed by contemporary controllers in Polish companies are the same as those performed by their counterparts around the world although same differences were also identified. Comparing the current role of controllers in Polish organizations with their role in foreign companies can contribute to improving the controller’s image in the organizations, and change the attitude of other employees to management accountants. This may lead to better cooperation between individual departments and controllers, and therefore to the mare efficient functioning of the company.

Archaeology on Medieval Knights’ Manor Houses in Poland

Archaeology on Medieval Knights’ Manor Houses in Poland

Author(s): Anna Marciniak-Kajzer / Language(s): English

Keywords: medieval knights; manor houses of knights; knights’ residences; artifacts

The relicts of medieval knights’ manor houses in Poland today are so called “grodziska stożkowate” (motte) – the anonymous hills having in themselves remnants of wooden buildings, exceptionally made of stone or brick and numerous tiny artifacts being the trace of the past household equipment. Unlike to the castles they are not so often visited but more often destroyed. The book presents the image of medieval knights’ manor houses, which we know due to archaeological excavations carried on for half a century. Description of buildings household equipment and movables used by the people of the past was completed by transfers from written sources which allows for better understanding the live of medieval knights’ family.

The Key Issues of Polish Penal Law

The Key Issues of Polish Penal Law

Author(s): Krzysztof Indecki,Justyna Jurewicz / Language(s): English

Keywords: Polish Penal Law; Penal Code; imposition of penalties; forms of committing an offence; penal measures; principles

Humanism is also reflected in the Penal Code provisions concerning sentencing. These provisions require sentencing courts to take into account the personal traits and circumstances of the offender, his mode of living prior to committing the act and his behaviour after the offence. At the same time, the court is obliged to take into account the purpose of punishment, both with regards to its social impact and its preventive and re-educational aims in respect of the convict (art. 53 of the Penal Code). Based upon the principle of humanism the Code gives ground to the system of justice to less severe treatment of the offender who is responsible for an accidental offence, the negligence offence or when it is reasonable expecting that the offender, treated less severely, will not commit a new offence in the nearest future. The legal instruments for less severe treatment of an accidental offender include for example conditional discontinuance of proceedings concerning the offence – first of all – it should not be socially damaging (arts. 66–68). The book gives a view on the principles of Polish penal law. It consists of two parts which are divided due to the topics: general and special part of penal law. The authors present the commentary to the main institutions of Polish Penal Code. They show the most important provisions in the background of the doctrine and jurisprudence. The book is addressed both to the foreigners and the Poles who needs to improve their English in law.

Polish Commercial Law in a Nutshell

Polish Commercial Law in a Nutshell

Author(s): Bartosz Kucharski / Language(s): English

Keywords: commercial law; Polish commercial law; economic activity; entrepreneur and consumer; enterprise; partnerships; capital companies; transformations; bankruptcy and reorganisation

The aim of the present book is to give an outline of Polish Commercial Law in English language. The book follows the usual sequence of lectures on Commercial Law in Poland dividing the content in two parts. First part is on entrepreneurs mainly partnerships and companies as the most important forms of organization of business and second part is on commercial acts especially contract. The latter part includes also chapters on securities as wall as on prevention of unfair competition and on trademarks. I will be happy if the book serves all those students who learn Polish law in English as well as students who set off to study abroad in English and seek books that could acquaint them with English legal terminology. Hopefully the work can also be of help to foreigners, especially foreign entrepreneurs who want to engage in business activity in Poland and need basic knowledge of Polish Commercial Law, as well as to legal practitioners who have to explain the institutions of Polish Law to their foreign clients.

Paradiplomacy in Asia. Case studies of China, India and Russia

Paradiplomacy in Asia. Case studies of China, India and Russia

Author(s): Małgorzata Pietrasiak,Grzegorz Bywalec,Tomasz Kamiński,Dominik Mierzejewski,Michał Słowikowski / Language(s): English

Keywords: Paradiplomacy; territorial organization; India; China; Guangzhou; Russian Federation; Russian Far East

Asian regions and cities have become important international actors but the phenomenon of international engagement of regional and local governments in the Asian countries is still not sufficiently described and recognized in the scientific literature. So far, the research on paradiplomacy mostly concentrated on Europe and North America. However, as shown in this study, the regularities present in Western countries are not necessarily universal. The distinctive features of each Asia n country create quite unique contexts, in which sub-regional actors have to develop their international strategies. Same of those contexts were presented in this study in order to provide better understanding of the conditions of paradiplomacy in Asia.

Great Britain and Commonwealth at the Threshold of the 21st Century. Past, Present, Perspectives

Wielka Brytania i Wspólnota u progu XXI wieku. Przeszłość, teraźniejszość, perspektywy

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Polish

Keywords: Great Briatain;Commonwealth;21st century;Queen Elizabeth

Electricity Prices in Poland

Kształtowanie się cen energii elektrycznej w Polsce

Author(s): Tomasz Motowidlak / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: electricity prices in Poland; effects of the increase in electricity prices; possibilities of limiting the increase in electricity prices

The costs and availability of electricity are the basic factor determining the dynamics of the development of economies and the improvement of living conditions of societies. This factor determines the level of industry competitiveness and the quality of life of residents. The study presents the main reasons for the increase in electricity prices in Poland. In addition to the most frequently cited reasons, i.e. an increase in coal prices and CO2 emission allowance prices, they also include low competition on the electricity market, which is mainly the result of increased market concentration, decreasing dynamics of energy supplier switching, and low import of electricity. The main economic and social effects of the increase in electricity prices in Poland were identified. They include energy poverty, which in Poland has been the subject of systematic research for only a few years. These effects also include a decrease in industry competitiveness and a slowdown in the country's economic development as well as an increase in prices of consumer goods and services, and consequently an increase in inflation. The study identifies the main actions that can be taken by both the state, its regulatory and control bodies, as well as by participants of the electricity market to keep prices of this energy as low as possible. These actions were evaluated for their effectiveness.

Qualitative changes and their measure in the treatise De sex inconvenientibus

Zmiany jakościowe i ich miara w traktacie O sześciu niedorzecznościach

Author(s): Joanna Papiernik / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Oxford Calculators; De sex inconvenientibus; motion; Aristotle; Aristotle’s physics; philosophy of nature; qualitative change; Thomas Bradwardine; William Heytesbury

In the late Middle Ages, when universities dominated the intellectual world, natural philosophy was very much about analyzing the works of Aristotle (with commentaries by Averroes), but it does not mean, that this part of philosophy was limited to paraphrasing the Philosopher’s words or that there was nothing new to say. To the contrary, the old problems began to be discussed in greater detail and some new methods were used to solve them. These were the tasks of the group called Oxford Calculators, thinkers from the fourteenth century, connected to Oxford, who presented logical and mathematical approach to philosophical problems. The first Calculators, Richard Kilvington and Thomas Bradwardine, recognized that mathematics can be the right language to describe natural phenomena. In their works – Kilvington in his Commentary on Aristotle’s Physics and Bradwardine in the On the Proportions of Speeds in Motions (De proportionibus velocitatum in motibus) – they gave convincing reasons, why the laws of motion presented in the Stagirite’s Physics erroneously describe speeds of some kind of motions. Based on their achievements, subsequent philosophers in similar manners, i. a. using mathematical proportionality, presented ways of measuring various types of motions: this was also done by the anonymous author of the treatise De sex inconvenientibus (also known as De sex inconvenientium). The book considers the issue of measuring the process of generation (a complex one) and qualitative changes discussed in this treatise. The author of the De sex inconvenientibus most probably belonged to the milieu of Oxford Calculators, as evidenced both by the fact that he knew and cited the works of his predecessors (Thomas Bradwardine and William Heytesbury), and the fact that his work was mentioned by the next generation of Calculators (by John Dumbleton). The treatise, written in the mid-fourteenth century, between 1335 and 1344, is devoted to the problems of change, or rather the possibility of determining their speeds. Its author deals with some changes that occur in nature: generation of forms, qualitative and quantitative changes, as well as local motion (change of place). As the problems of motions are analyzed here using the theory of proportion, it is thus the best testimony to the reception of the concepts of the creators of the Oxford Calculators school.

Introduction to the mathematical demography

Podstawy demometrii

Author(s): Agnieszka Rossa / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: cohort and period demographic analysis; Lexis diagrams; life tables; stable; population growth; models of stable and stationary populations

The book is an attempt to capture basic concepts and tools of mathematical demography, e.g. demographic rates, probabilities of demographic events, life tables, vital rates or synthetic reproduction rates. The book gives a clear exposition of assumptions and limitations of basic methods used in demographic analysis. The introduced issues are illustrated using numeric examples and completed with exercises for self-assessment. The manual can be treated as a valuable completion of the demographic literature with special regard to the cohort analysis. Some aspects of estimating the population size and the population change are also discussed, what allows to extend the evaluation perspective on the replacement process of generations. The book was intended to be used for academic scholars and professionals in population studies, who need to manage with demographic concepts and measures, as well as the manual in training courses for students of economic studies, specializing in the field of demography.

Daily Mobility of Senior Citizens in Łódź

Mobilność codzienna osób starszych w Łodzi

Author(s): Marta Borowska-Stefańska,Szymon Wiśniewski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: transport policy; transport management; public transport; city transport; mobility of senior citizens; spatial mobility

The aim of this book has been to identify the features of spatial mobility of senior citizens (60+) living in the Śródmieście district in Łódź. To achieve the purpose of the monograph, a survey was conducted among the target population (60+) living in this part of the city. The research proves that the senior citizens of Śródmieście choose everyday shopping as well as visiting their family and friends as the primary destination of their daily trips. Therefore, it can be concluded that they above all focus on meeting their basic needs. As for transport mode, it has to be stated that, in the case of short-distance trips, seniors choose walking or public transportation. The car is the preferred means of transport mainly when there is a need to travel relatively longer distances, including commuting to work or visiting family and friends. With regard to the distances covered, it can be generally said that they decrease with age, because longer trips are primarily associated with employment which is more frequently pursued by younger seniors.

Multilevel Models. The Use of Regional Data in Microeconomic and Sociological Research

Modele wielopoziomowe. Wykorzystanie danych regionalnych w badaniach mikroekonomicznych i socjologicznych

Author(s): Wojciech Grabowski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: logit model; regression model; Local Data Bank; probit model; econometric models; multilevel models

The monograph "Multilevel Models. The Use of Regional Data in Microeconomic and Sociological Research" presents the methods of conducting the analysis of individual level arrangements under the conditions of mesoeconomic categories availability. Both linear and generalized linear multilevel models have been discussed, and also methods for estimating multilevel parameters, multiequation probit models and multilevel models that take into consideration the problem of sample selection have been proposed. The empirical applications contained in the publication concern such issues as remuneration, business innovation, the way of reacting to the occurrence of a legal problem.

Not just the Clown and the Tiger. Sketches about Circus Arts

Nie tylko klaun i tygrys. Szkice o sztuce cyrkowej

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: theatre avant-garde;circus arts; circus;clown

The book which we are delivering into the hands of our readers presents the results of research by cultural studies experts and sociologists. It goes well beyond simply describing the history of circus arts – it also places them in a broad social, anthropological and cultural context. … It turns out that a circus – this sort of mediocre entertainment for children and “commoners” – is deeply rooted in our history and culture. To this day, it fascinates and inspires. It is subject to transformation – its most modern forms are a far cry from the market stall of yore. Of course, the collection of texts presented here is by no means exhaustive or complete in its treatment of the subject matter. It seems, however, that in the context of scant Polish-language literature devoted to circus arts, the book may provoke discussion on this topic and could also be the first step towards recognizing circus arts as worthy of attention by performing arts researchers.

The Constitutional Systems of Selected Southeast Asian States: Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, East Timor

Systemy konstytucyjne wybranych państw Azji Południowo-Wschodniej: Singapur, Malezja, Tajlandia, Timor Wschodni

Author(s): Anna Michalak / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: supreme authority;Malaysia;parliament;electoral system;Thailand;East Timor;constitutional system;Singapore

In the Polish science of constitutional law, the systems of Southeast Asian states have so far received little attention. The monograph presents an outline of the functioning of the constitutional systems of selected democracies in the region. When choosing countries for research, the most important criterion was the influence of the colonizing state’s constitutional system on the current condition of a given state. The constitutional systems of Malaysia and Singapore have been analyzed where a parliamentary model with the cabinet as the head of the executive was adopted based on the Westminster system of government. Meanwhile, East Timor, which has a constitution strongly modelled on the Portuguese Basic Law, remains an important reference point for Singapore. Thailand is unique in the sense that it has never been formally colonized but – when adopting the first constitution in 1932 and the second in 2007 – it also used the Westminster model. he deliberations presented in this work are an introduction to further research on the constitutional systems of Southeast Asian countries. More importantly, they set the stage for an analysis of the functions of parliaments in the democracies discussed.

The Symmachia of the Roman Empire with the God of Christians (3rd – 6th Century AD), vol. 1. An Extraordinary Change: The Birth of a New Era. Byzantina Lodziensia XXVII

Symmachia cesarstwa rzymskiego z Bogiem chrześcijan (IV-VI wiek). T. 1. „Niezwykła przemiana" – narodziny nowej epoki. Byzantina Lodziensia XXVII

Author(s): Sławomir Bralewski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: persecution of Christians;Constantine the Great;monasticism;John Chrysostom;Socrates of Constantinople;Salminius Hermias Sozomenus;Christians

Since the 4th century AD, a firm conviction existed among Christians not only regarding the breakthrough occasioned in the world by the revelation of Jesus Christ, but also as to that associated with the reign of Emperor Constantine the Great. Contemporary scribes often referred to the “extraordinary” or “miraculous transformation” that had happened to the world by virtue of God's arrangement, and had led to the abandonment of both the previous religion and native traditions. Christians believed that it had all taken place as a result of the alliance of Emperor Constantine I with the Supreme God – the emperor’s guardian and ally. This book is devoted to some aspects of this particular alliance, or symmachia, in which the military dimension played a significant (and initially even dominant) role. It is the first part of the two-volume dissertation and contains reflections on the broadly understood genesis of the alliance of the Roman Empire (Imperium Romanum) with the God of Christians. It contains deliberation on the search for the Supreme God by Constantine, the ideology of victory adhered to by the rulers, or the birth of monasticism treated as a new (and typical at the time) way of practising the love of wisdom, i.e. a kind of new philosophy that would replace the philosophy of the previous era. “This publication is a scientific work on the history of Christian antiquity. S. Bralewski has devoted many years to exploring the subject, and in that time has managed to consolidate his position as a respected researcher in the field of Christian antiquity. The subject of the dissertation has an international and interdisciplinary character. It is well-chosen and bespeaks the author's desire to present his readers with an original approach to the long-researched topic. This book will likely be of considerable interest to experts and lovers of antiquity alike, which suggests it is going to fare very well in bookstores.”

Straight Shooters, Savants, Dreamers, Ladies… Within the Circle of Feminine Romanticism. Studies and Sketches on the Literary Culture of Women of the Polish Inter-uprising Period

Weredyczki, sawantki, marzycielki, damy… W kręgu kobiecego romantyzmu. Studia i szkice z kultury literackiej kobiet okresu międzypowstaniowego

Author(s): Maria Berkan-Jabłońska / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: straight shooters;savants;feminine Romanticism;literary culture of women;women writers;Polish inter-uprising period;nineteenth century literature;women’s literary output

The monograph is concerned with the literature created by women in the Polish inter-uprising period of the 19th century – mostly forgotten today. The sketches included in the book are an important complement to the picture of those times. The author ponders over the unique characteristics of those literary proposals against various tendencies of the era.She points out that their presence in Polish writing seems significant not inasmuch as it has inherent artistic or aesthetic values but because it is a testimony of a cultural partnership. Besides, the reader has a chance to look closer at the figures of women who, countless obstacles notwithstanding, persisted in undertaking creative work. The author is painting their portraits by using scientific tools, but she does it with undeniable passion.

Linguistic Accuracy in Practice. A Set of Exercises

Poprawność językowa w praktyce. Zbiór ćwiczeń

Author(s): Katarzyna Burska,Bartłomiej Cieśla / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: lexis;declension of surnames;linguistic accuracy;Polish names;syntax;phraseology;Polish phonetics

The reader will find here a collection of exercises in the correct use of the Polish language. The book has been designed as a classroom help for teachers on the one hand, and on the other – as a concise self-study guidebook for people who would like to improve their language skills.Pupils, students, journalists, editors, proofreaders, employees of advertising and copywriting agencies are the principal target audience, although all Polish-language enthusiasts are more than welcome to make good use of it. From the introduction “An undeniable advantage of the book is that it takes note of the latest changes that have been occurring in contemporary Polish. We should appreciate the work of the young scientists who have made the effort to prepare a new and original set of exercises revealing the complexity of the Polish grammar and its inherent vigor, and at the same time showed the transient character of existing codifications. ”From the review by prof. dr hab. Leszek Tymiakin

On the Government in Polish and Lithuanian Constitutional Law

Wokół rządu w polskim i litewskim prawie konstytucyjnym

Author(s): Robert Krzysztof Adamczewski,Anna Chmielarz-Grochal,Aldona Domańska,Dariusz Górecki,Agnė Juškevičiūtė-Vilienė,Ryszard P. Krawczyk,Anna Michalak,Anna Rakowska-Trela,Egidijus Šileikis,Haroldas Šinkūnas,Konrad Składowski,Krzysztof Skotnicki,Vaidotas A. Vaičaitis,Tatiana Wrocławska / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Government Legislation Centre;Cabinet Council;Council of Ministers;Minister of Justice;constitutional law

This book is concerned with topics related to the government in Poland and Lithuania. In the contemporary legal and constitutional literature, comparative research on this subject is rather scarce. The present publication is the outcome of cooperation between staff members of the Department of Constitutional Law of Lodz University and of the Department of Public Law of Vilnius University. As a result, three monographs have appeared: Aktualne problemy polskiego i litewskiego prawa konstytucyjnego (The current problems in Polish and Lithuanian constitutional law), Łódź 2015; Lietuvos ir Lenkijos konstitucinės teisės aktualijos: Parlamentas (The current topics in Polish and Lithuanian constitutional law: parliament), Vilnius 2016; and Instytucja prezydenta w polskim i litewskim prawie konstytucyjnym (Presidency in Polish and Lithuanian constitutional law), Łódź 2017. Prof. zw. dr hab. Dariusz Górecki