The Means of Rendering the English Present Perfect in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian

The Means of Rendering the English Present Perfect in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian

Author(s): Amila Karahasanović / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: point of reference (R); point of event (E); point of speech (S); indefinite present perfect; continuative present perfect

Having no one-to-one equivalent to the English present perfect, Bosnian/ Croatian/Serbian has to employ two of its tenses – present and perfect – to render it, meaning that the English present perfect must, and indeed can, be split into two (fairly independent) components. The indefinite present perfect, whose point of reference (R) encompasses a period stretching from an indefinite point in the past (E) towards the present but excludes the point of speech (S), is best rendered by the B/H/S perfect tense. The continuative present perfect, referring to the period from either specified or unspecified E and including S is, in turn, best rendered by the B/H/S present tense.

Ergänzungen des Adjektivs im Deutschen und im Bosnischen – eine Dartellung auf dem Modell der Dependenzgrammatik

Pridjevske dopune u njemačkom i u bosanskom jeziku – prikaz na modelu gramatike zavisnosti

Author(s): Meliha Hrustić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: gramatika zavisnosti; valentnost; pridjev; dopuna; dodatak

Die Dependenzgrammatik, die sich in Deutschland seit 60er Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts entwickelt, hat in der Zwischenzeit eine Reihe von Änderungen erfahren, hat aber auch großen Erfolg in deutscher Linguistik erlebt. Dieses Modell wird wegen seiner Praxisnähe und Anwendbarkeit intensiv als Basis für Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) verwendet, sowie an zahlreichen Germanistikstudien in Ost- und Zentraleuropa. Die Dependenzgrammatik basiert ihre Lehre auf der Tatsache, das das Verb strukturelles Zentrum des Satzes darstellt, das gleichzeitig alle Ergänzungen in seinem Umfeld definiert. Neben dem Verb kann auch das Adjektiv der Valenzträger sein und seine obligatorischen und fakultativen Ergänzungen wählen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Versuch gemacht, auf dem Modell der Abhängigkeitsgrammatik die Eigenschaften des Verbs als Regens zu zeigen, sowie die Ergänzungen des Adjektivs in seinem prädikativen Gebrauch in deutscher und in bosnischer Sprache zu beschreiben.

Mensch und kosmische Harmonie

Čovjek i kosmička harmonija (romani Ćamila Sijarića)

Author(s): Dijana Hadžizukić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: Ćamil Sijarić; panteizam; panerotizam; metafora; poetski roman

Die Romane Ćamil Sijarićs sind moderne Romane, deren Hauptcharaktere, die in stürmischen historischen Zeiten, in familiären oder persönlichen Brüchen immer auf der Suche nach Identität sind, die festgesetzten Normen des patriarchalischen Benehmens niederreißen und die in ihrer Einsamkeit und Hoffnungslosigkeit verloren enden. Anderseits erkennen wir in Sijarićs Romanen die esoterische Meinung, derzufolge der Mensch Bestandteil des Einen ist – er ist Teil der allgemeinen Weltharmonie. Diese Arbeit befasst sich eben mit dieser Frage; sowohl in der Art, wie der Autor die Szenen der körperlichen Liebe und des Sterbens darstellt, als auch in der Art, wie er zwei Kollektive in der Funktion der Hauptrollen gestaltet, entdecken wir Sijarićs Vision des Menschen, der sich als Element einer höheren und vollkommeneren Ordnung erlebt. Die häufigsten verwendeten Metaphern sind Erde, Regen und Gras – alle Szenen mit der körperlichen Liebe geschehen in der Natur, es regnet ununterbrochen und seine weiblichen Hauptrollen erleben ihren eigenen Körper als eine Metapher der Erde. In den Überlegungen vom Tod sind Frühling und Blüten, Regen und Gras dabei; sowohl die Frauen im Roman ”Mojkovačka bitka” als auch die Soldaten im Roman ”Carska vojska” existieren als Teil der Erde, duften nach der Erde oder sind schwarz wie die Erde. In der historischen Hoffnungslosigkeit können diejenigen, die sich selbst als ein Teil des Allexistenz erleben, den Sinn und die Zuflucht nur in der Liebe und dem Gebären finden, und diesseitige Gerechtigkeit finden sie erst im Tod, denn sowohl das eine als auch das andere sind nur Bestandteile des unaufhaltbaren natürlichen Zyklus.

Notes on Authors

Podaci o autorima

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Notes on Authors

Linguistic Features in Umihana Cuvidina’s Work in Oral Tradition

Usmeno jezičko stvaralaštvo Umihane Čuvidine

Author(s): Alen Kalajdžija / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: Umihana Čuvidina; usmena poezija; epska pjesma; usmena balada; poetičke karakteristike; epska formula; jezičke osobine

This paper points out specific poetic and linguistic characteristics of Umihana Cuvidina's poetry, which has been so far analysed as the literary and linguistic heritage of the alhamiado literature. This paper emphasizes the need to look at the poems by Umihana Cuvidina in isolation from the tradition of alhamiado literature, and offers concrete methods of and reasons for their emancipation.

Meanings of the Preposition اب [ba] in Persian and its Translational Equivalents in Bosnian

Značenja prijedloga با [ba] u perzijskom jeziku i njegovi prijevodni ekvivalenti u bosanskom jeziku

Author(s): Đenita Haverić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: prijedlog; prijedložna fraza; prijedložno-padežne veze; prijevodni ekvivalent

Central to this paper is the Persian preposition اب [ba]. Its main meanings in Persian are analyzed, and examples for each individual meaning quoted from the selected corpus. At the same time, Bosnian translational equivalents of this preposition are presented. We can see that Persian preposition اب [ba] has several meanings in Bosnian as: with, on, against, for, in spite of, etc. Persian preposition اب [ba] is also used in compounds with other prepositions.

Ideology and History in the Contemporary British Novel

Ideology and History in the Contemporary British Novel

Author(s): Ljubinka Petrović-Ziemer / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: contemporary british novel; Doris Lessing; William Trevor; Fay Weldon; history; ideology; the narrative; composition; plot; fe/male narrator

The following article examines three contemporary british novels (Doris Lessing ´s The Golden Notebook, William Trevor´s The Silence in the Garden and Fay Weldon´s Praxis), concentrating mainly on the aspect of the interrelation between historiography and ideology and its aesthetic response in british novel-writing after the Second World War. The thesis of this paper is based on the assumption that the fe/male authors of the above-mentioned novels simultaneously depict and unmask indoctrinating political and religious belief systems that were of formative influence for the periods of time chosen as time frames in the novels. The central aim of the article is to show which implications the deconstruction of ideology on the textual level has on plot structure, the form and composition and the fe/male narrators of the novels.

Mustafa Lutfi Al-Manfaluti and the Development of Arabic Essay

Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfaluti i počeci arapske esejistike

Author(s): Mirza Sarajkić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: esej; moderna arapska književnost; odnos arapske proze i poezije; Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfaluti

Despite considerably long history of essay in European history, Arabic essay began to develop at the dawn of 19th century. However, after long period of literary and cultural decadence, unlike the other prosaic literary forms, the form of essay was very well and fast welcomed from Arabic literature taking in consideration that poetry has been holding primacy for centuries. The paper deals with questions of subordinate position of Arabic prose analyzing the roots of essay in earlier prosaic forms such as adab or ”polymorphic literature”. The conclusion is that binary structure of essay is very suitable for the spirit of Arabic literature. The second part of this paper presents the main characteristics of early essay form trough essays of Mustafa Lutfi al- Manfaluti who was pioneer in this literary composition and very important person in Arabic literary and cultural awakening, nahda. The simplicity and sincerity of his essay overflows readers. In amazingly qualitative way Al- Manfaluty conveys pure humanistic and peaceful messages that were so necessary to his age as well as to ours.

”Möglichkeitssinn”: der Versuch der Bestimmung einer narrativen Poetik robert Musils im Kontext der Moderne

Odbijanje pripovijedanja i “smisao za mogućnost”: Pokušaj određenja narativne poetike Roberta Musila u kontekstu moderne

Author(s): Vahidin Preljević / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: Robert Musil; ”odbijanje pipovijedanja”; ”poetika mogućnosti”; autorefleksivnost; moderna

In der vorliegenden Abhandlung wird der ”Möglichkeitssinn” als ein Schlüsselbegrif der Muslischen Poetologie aufgefasst und im Hinblick auf seine poetische(n) Realisierung(en) im Roman Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften hin untersucht. Dabei wird ebenfalls der geistesgeschichtliche Hintergrund des Begriffs beleuchtet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt jedoch auf der Auslotung narrativer Konsequenzen des Begriffs, so wie sie sich auf der Ebene der essayistischen Reflexion, der Handlungsführung und Figurenkonstellation im Roman zeigen.

Установка на слово в поэтическом сборнике ”Kameni spavač” (”Каменный спящий”) боснийского поэта Мaka Диздара

Orijentacija na riječ u Kamenom spavaču Maka Dizdara

Author(s): Adijata Ibrišimović Šabić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: riječ koja samuje (samovitoe slovo); riječ kao takva (slovo kak takovoe); semantičko opterećenje (semanticheskaia napriazhonnost ´/nagruzka); pomak (sdvig); kornjeslovlje (korneslovie); grafička organizacija teksta (graficheskaia organizovannost´ teksta)

Данная работа (первоначально написанная и напечатанная (в сокращенном виде) на русском языке в Материалах международной научной конференции ”V славистические чтения”, Санкт-Петербург, 2004 г) является попыткой рассматрывания и пропитывания соприкосновения нашей, боснийской, и славянских, в данном случае русской, литератур. В качестве примера приводятся стихи русской авангардной поэзии и поэзия боснийского поэта Мака Диздара (его сборник ”Kameni spavač”) с целью показать, что некоторые из главенствующих начал русского авангарда (как напр. начало лексической новизны, начав с неологизмов Маяковского и архаизмов Хлебникова, вплоть до алогизмов Крученых и Хлебникова, начало деиерapхизации стилей, эстетизация тяжести, графическая организованность текста, т.е. начало графического выделения слова и его семантическая нагрузка, и т.д.) присущи сборнику стихов ”Kameni spavač”.

The Relationship between Arabic Stylistics and neighbouring Disciplines

Odnos arapske stilistike i susjednih disciplina

Author(s): Munir Mujić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: arapska stilistika; poetika; lingvistika; filozofija; teorija tropa; logika; teorija o označavanju; Aristotelova Retorika

The classical Arabic stylistics ( ‘ilm al-balāġa) was during its developing stages under the impact of poetics, linguistics, logic, philosophy, as well as under the impact of Aristotelian Rhetoric. This impact can be seen in the domain of conception, division of matter, terminology, borrowing of some theories, etc. On the one hand there is a kind of consensus in literature concerning this subject matter, but on the other some statements like the one about the impact of Aristotelian Rhetoric are still a matter of dispute.

Reviews

Osvrti i prikazi

Author(s): Sanjin Kodrić,Munir Mujić,Naser Šečerović,Vedad Smailagić,Snježana Kordić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Ulrich Engel /2004/: Deutsche Grammatik – Neubearbeitung. Iudicum. München, i Hans-Werner Eroms /2000/: Syntax der deutschen Sprache. WdG. Berlin Ljiljana Subotić: Istorijska lingvistika (Filozofski fakultet, Novi Sad, 2002) Höflichkeitsstile. Cross Cultural Communication (2. Korr. Auflage. Frankfurt: Peter Lang – Lüger, Heinz-Helmut, 2002) Najnoviji prijevod Kur’ana na bosanski jezik Joseph P. Strelka, Ernst Schönwiese. Werk und Leben (Peter Lang. Europäischer Verlag der Wissenschaften, Frankfurt a.M. 2005) Politički roman: fikcije totalitarizma Nikole Kovača – teorijska (pri)povijest o iskustvu čovjeka u svijetu prinude i nasilja Sedamdeset godina života i pola stoljeća nastavno-znanstvenog rada akademika prof. dr. Zdenka Lešića (pokušaj kratke bio-bibliografije)

Das System der Aussprachefehler der Deutsch lernenden Bosnier und Herzegowiner

Das System der Aussprachefehler der Deutsch lernenden Bosnier und Herzegowiner

Author(s): Dario Marić / Language(s): German / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: deutsche Sprache; bosnisch-/kroatisch-/serbische Sprache; System der Aussprachefehler; Phoneminventar; Interferenz

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Phoneminventare des Deutschen und des Bosnisch-/Kroatisch-/Serbischen einander gegenübergestellt mit dem Ziel der Aufstellung eines regelmäßigen, konsequenten, nur für die Deutsch lernenden bosnisch-/kroatisch-/serbischen Muttersprachler charakteristischen Systems der Aussprachefehler, das aus der zu feststellenden Verschiedenheit der Lautsysteme des Deutschen und des B/K/S hervorgeht. Die Phoneme und Allophone beider Sprachen werden vom artikulatorischen Standpunkt aus beschrieben, es wird auf ihre Distribution innerhalb des Wortes hingewiesen, schließlich wird ihr phonologischer Status innerhalb des Lautsystems festgestellt. Es wird außerdem auf ein paar neue Elemente der deutschen Standardsprache hingewiesen, die sich, trotz deren empirisch bestätigter Existenz in der Sprechwirklichkeit, in keinen Lehrbüchern der deutschen Sprache befinden. Zusätzlich zur Darstellung des Phoneminventars der bosnisch-/kroatisch- /serbischen Standardsprache werden einige Besonderheiten der Phoneminventare der bosnisch - herzegowinischen Dialekte erwähnt, die zusätzlich die Perzeption und Artikulation der deutschen Sprache bei den Dialekt sprechenden Bosniern und Herzegowinern beeinflusst. Die Aussprachefehler, die auf phonologische Besonderheiten der bosnisch – herzegowinischen Dialekte zurückzuführen sind werden aber außerhalb des für b/k/s Muttersprachler charakteristischen Systems der Aussprachefehler bleiben, weil sie nicht für alle b/k/s Muttersprachler gleichermaßen gelten.

Socio-Political Happenings – Source of New Phrasal Idioms in Contemporary Colloquial Bosnian Language

Društveno-politička stvarnost – izvorište novih kolokvijalnih frazema u bosanskome jeziku

Author(s): Amela Šehović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: društveno-politička stvarnost; kolokvijalne frazeme; poredbene frazeme; razgovorni jezik; sakralni registar; zamjena postojećih leksema novim; uvođenje novih pojmova

This paper shows that recent socio-political happenings and their results in Bosnia and Herzegovina influence contemporary colloquial language – by creating new phrasal idioms related to them. Two semantic figures, i. e. comparison and metaphor, are very frequent in use in researched idioms. Since new phrasal idioms enrich our language it is this fact in particular that justifies their place in Bosnian language dictionaries and their study in this article.

Diglossia in Contemporary Arabic

Diglosija u savremenom arapskom jeziku

Author(s): Amra Mulović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: diglosija; varijetet; standard; vernakular; kolokvijalni dijalekt; code swiching; multiglosija

Diglossia, which has been clearly manifested in the dichotomy of contemporary Arabic into contemporary standard Arabic and colloquial Arabic, did not become the subject of scientific study until the second half of the 20th century, mostly in the works of Western linguists. The present paper represents this complex linguistic phenomenon in the light of new interdisciplinary studies and sociolinguistic investigation. It defines the basic terms that linguists use when they study diglossia, separates diglossia from bilingualism, and makes the meaning of variety precise within the framework of dialectal varieties that are connected with the position of the speaker in a community and register varieties that can be linked to the circumstances of usage. It also deals with the causes of emergence and development of this stable speech situation, linguistic behaviour of speakers, use and function of varieties in the contemporary Arabic society, idea of the continuum of linguistic levels, multiglossia, perspectives of diglossic ends of scale and challenges that should be answered by the formal spoken Arabic language.

Zum Wiener Literaturcafé

Zum Wiener Literaturcafé

Author(s): Joseph P. Strelka / Language(s): German / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: Literaturcafé; das literarische Wien; Friedrich Torberg

Im vorliegenden Beitrag zeichnet der Autor eine kleine Archäologie der literarischen Kaffehaus-Tradition in Wien auf, eines wichtigen Phänomens des Literaturbetrebs, das in der Wiener Moderne seinen produktiven Höhepunkt erleben sollte. Das Kaffehaus wird als ein wichtiger Ort geistiger Begegnung und literarischen Austausch dargestellt, dessen spezifische Kultur nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg langsam untergeht.

Authentic Subjectivity – a Valuable Fiction?: A Reading of The Lover by Margaret Duras and Lost in Translation by Eva Hoffman

Authentic Subjectivity – a Valuable Fiction?: A Reading of The Lover by Margaret Duras and Lost in Translation by Eva Hoffman

Author(s): Damir Arsenijević / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: autobiography; postmodern autobiography; autobiography and fiction; autobiography and narrative techniques; The Lover; Margaret Duras; Lost in Translation; Eva Hoffman

Narrating is a mimetic activity in which a narrator renders a subjectmatter in a particular way. The narrative of the self is realised and functions through fiction; it is told from the point of view of an extradiegetic/ homodiegetic narrator, revealing the ambivalence of the self in relation to any given society. Both texts examined here, The Lover by Marguret Duras and Lost in Translation by Eva Hoffman, share with the reader the anxious process of developing the internal reality of the self in relation to the external reality engendered in ‘the other’, rather than attempting to present a coherent narrative told by an omniscient narrator.

Literary Fiction within the Framework of the Possible Worlds Theory: Lubomir Doležel’s Concept of the Narrative Worlds

Književna fikcija u okviru teorije mogućih svjetova: Koncept narativnih svjetova Lubomira Doležela

Author(s): Ajla Demiragić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 03/2005

Keywords: fikcija; teorija mogućih svjetova; narativni svjetovi; L. Doležel; A. Baricco

The paper discusses Lubomir Doležel’s concept of the Narrative Worlds which is based upon the theory of possible worlds, originally developed in modal logic and other modal states of affairs, and in formal semantics. Although the theory of possible worlds is still controversial in philosophy, it has found its place in different areas of literary theory and criticism, especially in semiotics. Application of theory of possible worlds to fiction has been going on since the 1970s in the works of various authors, such as T. Pavel, U. Eco, B. McHale etc. In this paper the concept of Narrative Worlds, as developed by Lubomir Doležel is applied on some of the novels written by the contemporary Italian writer Alessandro Baricco.

Public Finance Imbalance and Changing Social Structure in Poland

Nierównowaga finansów publicznych w Polsce w warunkach zmian w strukturze społecznej

Author(s): Anna Możdzierz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2012

Keywords: public finance; imbalance of public finances; social structure; demographic structure

The aim of the article is to identify the main causes of budgetary structural imbalance lying in the social structure. The search for determinants of budget deficits is conducted in the area of key aspects of social structure: demographic structure, employment and unemployment, poverty. The analysis covers the 1995–2010 time span. The realization of the stated aim requires measuring changes in the social structure. For this purpose quantitative metrics were used, such as: the dynamics of population growth, the dynamics of real growth, structure of population according to age, economic load factor, professional activity rate, registered unemployment rate, structural unemployment rate, spatial cross-section of unemployment rate, limits of poverty, proportion of people threatened with poverty, material deprivation index, the Gini ratio. The analyses conducted in the paper confirmed the hypothesis concerning structural imbalance of public finance. The search for its determinants in the changes of the social structure resulted in identification of the main adverse phenomena. The influence of the social structure on public finances is determined by a model of social policy and related regulations. Overcoming structural deficits requires a reduction of structural unemployment and poverty, and improvement of the demographic structure of the population. The article indicates that the effective actions leading to changes in the social structure are difficult to introduce due to inconsiderate fiscal policy in the scope of public revenues.

Public finances – A Historical Perspective

Finanse publiczne – lekcja historii

Author(s): Witold Kwaśnicki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2012

Keywords: public finances; debt; budget deficit; fiscal policy; welfare state

A very bad state of public finances of majority of economically developed countries is largely the result of specific government policies and excessive development of the welfare state in the twentieth century, especially after World War II. This paper attempts to answer two questions: Can we point out some fundamental reasons for the current miserable situation of the public finances? What kind of actions ought be undertaken to overcome this miserable situation? The paper starts with reflections on the history of state indebtedness in the UK over the last 300 years, and in the United States over the last 200 years. The next section presents a proposed response to the question of how big should the government be to provide smooth, harmonious and relatively quick economic and social development. The final part of the paper presents a comparative analysis of government size and economic development of the USA and the Great Britain in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.