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In the article is analysing the problem of equal opportunities in Business and culture partnership and methodology of sustainable development of this natural qualitative process. Using methodology of Virtualics the qualitative transition process of Business and culture interaction is modelling as qualitative trichotomy, which consists of A(t) thesis – financial inequality, B(t) antithesis – patronage and C(t) synthesis – partnership. Sense of sustainable development is interpreting there as impact into harmonising process by use different impact strategies: a)status quo – nothing to do, b)freezing of thesis – suspension and c)harmonisation. Harmonisation of natural flow of the process is focusing to: a)innovation of synthetic quality, b)strengthening of antithesis and c)suppression of thesis. Main means of process harmonisation are: legislation, organisation, finance, knowledge, role modelling, etc. During implementation of South Baltic cross-border co-operation programme project “BCP-Business Culture Partnership” was identified the state of BCP in four regions: Rostock region, Germany; Greifswald region, Germany; Szczecin region, Poland; Rietavas region, Lithuania. Was defined, that in beginning of project implementation before 2012 year BCP was in the state of the thesis A(t). Was formed target to create system, which enables to improve equal opportunities in BCP. Were worked out and implemented specific forms of antithesis B(t) patronage, starting by informational means and finishing by stimulating valued orientation trough award of the most contributed businessmen. Synthetic quality of BCP further will be strengthening by implementation crowd-funding web platform and exchanging of gifts in highest level events.
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The capital market development and globalization determine the closer relationship among the different financial sectors in a country. Many scientists (Driessen ir Laeven, 2007, Mohamad, Hassan, Sori, 2006, Hui, 2005) determined that investment in the different countries helps reduce the risk, compared with investment in the different sectors in one country. Portfolio theory of risk reduction is often associated with investment diversification. Even in 1952 H. Markowitz emphasized the benefits of diversification by offering an investment portfolio split into a number of assets in order to spread the risk without reducing return. But in 2008 financial crisis spread globally, so even diversified portfolio did not protect against significant loss. This paper deals with the formation of widely diversified portfolios and their effectiveness evaluation after carrying out the possibility analysis of asset involvement into the widely diversified portfolio. Variety of investment means makes it easier and faster to invest in such classes of asset as goods, precious metals, real estate, as well as to take advantage of currency fluctuations. Research survey showed that the combination of different asset classes reduces the volatility of the portfolio at an inopportune time. The testing of investment portfolios showed that the results of actual investment portfolio do not reflect the expected results. For a variety of market factors the optimal investment portfolio did not increase returns or reduce risk. Widely diversified (risk-taking and risk-free) investment portfolio value decreased because of the Japanese yen and precious metals ETF values decline. The risk of risk-free diversified investment portfolio is the lowest of all the form of investment portfolios, but the average return is negative. The diversification benefit reflects only in widely diversified, risk-free and base investment portfolios, then the portfolio risk is the lowest, but the average return is close to zero. The comparison of broadly diversified and stock ETF investment portfolios showed that widely split investments can reduce market risk. As the analysis showed, past results do not reflect future results and could result the loss, therefore it is recommended to overlook even the widely diversified investment portfolio composition.
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Conflict analysis and their management showed that during the past decades its scientific understanding changed from the social sciences to interdisciplinary management fields. Conflicts are examined and defined in their own way by management, psychology, politics, law, economics and other sciences. Solutions of conflicts are an integral part of business negotiations – in negotiations are solved various inconsistencies, conflicts of both negotiating parties. Conflict resolution techniques can change in dependence on the culture of the country. In negotiations with the representatives of other countries is necessary to know the dominating conflict management styles in the relevant country and how it is possible to adjust own behavior. A significant number of modern business negotiations are international, so it is proposal to use mediator in negotiations of another culture who is an individual having the same cultural experience as business partners. In process of preparation for negotiations with other country is necessary to take into account the characteristics of relationships prevailing in that country. This paper reviews the process of conflicts in negotiations and their prevention in the interaction of different cultures. Also this paper analyzes the impact of exchange of information and management of expectations for the prevention of conflicts in the negotiations. In order to manage the expectations of the other side of the negotiations is necessary to find out in the preparation phase the values of partner, and try to manage information in negotiations, understanding the values and the context of the other side of negotiations, in order to form useful for us expectations from the other side, which would help to avoid further conflicts in the negotiating process.
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Maintaining financial system stability has become very important at the country level as well as international level. Financial system stability is a broad concept and it refers to the smooth functioning of the key elements (institutions, markets and infrastructure, etc.) that make up the financial system. The role of authorities (central banks) responsible for promoting and maintaining financial stability involves monitoring financial developments, identifying areas of concern and undertaking necessary measures in cooperation with relevant institutions. Nowadays globalization and rapid integration of markets sometimes has negative consequences, when facilitating the dissemination of "contagion effect“ (or systematic risk). This effect is particularly dangerous in highly integrated markets; negative derivative of integration and contagion effect was especially apparent during the recent financial crisis, when the lack of confidence in the financial markets quickly spread to other markets and caused a lot of negative effects in the economy: banks collapsed, appeared liquidity problems in the financial system, the deterioration of expectations in financial markets, increasing public debt and etc. Therefore particularly important to assess the country's resilience to potential negative shocks and thus limit the potential contagion (systemic risk) spread in the market.
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The aim of this article is the analysis of logistics management in the crisis situations based on the case of the organisation of logistics security after Poland’s biggest construction disaster that took place on 28th of January 2006 in Chorzów. The introduction defines key concepts , it indicates the aim of the publication and the research methods used. It also presents the state of research in the field of logistics management in crisis situations. The research methods such as a descriptive, legally-institutional and decision making one were used for the analysis of logistics management in crisis situations based on the example of the organisation of logistic security. Having analysed the volume of research within the field of logistics management it was concluded that the field literature does not include the practical aspect of the logistics management process i.e. the logistic security of the people affected. The intend of this article is to complete this gap in the literature. In the later part of this document an organisation of logistics management is analysed. This analysis covers the missions of logistics activities, the factors determining their effectiveness and the authorities responsible for the management of the logistic potential in the crisis situations. Then, five phases of logistics security organisation are presented- a preparatory, an introductory, a phase of integration, removal and the phase of restoring the initial order. Thus, it was found that the specification of logistic activities undertaken at each phase of logistic security activities of the people affected in the crisis situations depends on the type of threat, its’ scale and the pace of its’ development. The next part of this article covers the analysis of functioning of the logistic groups of crisis management teams at the time of peace when the crisis situations in certain area do not occur but also during the crisis situations and the states of emergency. Then, the research covers the logistic security organisation after the construction disaster in Chorzów. The main tasks of the rescue and logistic service units which were gathered on the site of catastrophe are presented. It should be noted that the actions undertaken by the above-mentioned service units were very effective. This is indicated by the ratio in the number of people rescued during the rescue action to the number of victims who died as a result of the disaster. The conclusion of this article presents findings of the research. Two stages of logistic actions that were undertaken during the rescue operation within the catastrophe area were separated : a stage of securing the continuality of actions and the stage of organising and managing the socio-technical facilities.
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Today’s competitive business environment challenges companies. Therefore, it is significant for organizational institutions to pay more attention to the needs of their client base. With this in mind, the necessity to examine customer satisfaction is on the center stage. The strong argument for this step is the proven fact that retaining customer is cheaper than attracting new ones. Moreover, measuring customer satisfaction shows whether the company’s product or service exceeds the customers’ expectations. Hence, the current article is initiated on the examination of factors that determine customer satisfaction. It could be concluded that the present study is extensive in terms of displayed past models and other useful academic examples. The findings also confirm that there is a large portion of measurement issues of customer satisfaction. It also should be noted that customer satisfaction factors highly varies on the business area, chosen factors, industry sector, type of the venture. Hence, the significance of the article lies on the fact that it fulfills the academic foundation with the paper that unites the examples of customer satisfaction factors. And regarding this notion, it also puts forward an important background for future theory and practice investigations.
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Summarizing various concepts of competencies insights, theories and typologies, it can be said, that in the scientific literature is missing clear definition of managerial competence. This paper formulated the concept of managerial competence is associated with a person's ability to competently multi dimensional perform surgery or managerial task in a real or simulated activities that determines the acquired professional knowledge, skills, personal qualities, experience management. Managerial skills typologies theoretical analysis showed, that there is no comprising a generally accepted list of managerial competencies. In scientific publications dominates M. Woodcock and D. Francis (1982), ESCI-U SAQ (Goleman, Boyatzis, 2007), PLUM (2004), H. Mitzberg (2007) and V. Wickramasinghe, N. De Zoyza (2009) competences typology and them consolidating into three groups: professional, social and personal competencies. Following the managerial competence benchmarking typologies, it was made the initial 104 managerial competency matrix. In the course of research was eliminated repetitive competencies and formed the 48 managerial competencies typology. There these competences assigned to trade: planning, problem solving, working with the information, conceptual thinking, strategic thinking, results achievement, goal setting, entrepreneurship, delegation, change management, organization, negotiation, leadership, motivation, conflict management, performance evaluation, organizational awareness, creativity and innovation, the orientation of modern knowledge, risk management, quality assurance, work with staff; social: orally communication, persuasive communication, listening skills, effective relationships, customer orientation, empathy, cultural awareness, learning to learn, team building and development, writing communication, time management; personal: self-confidence, stress management, initiative, diligence, determination, honesty, responsibility, flexibility, loyalty, self-control, achievement assessment, self- management, personal objectives, business ethics, competency groups.
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Scientific problem of mental management of the maritime self-concept is discussed in the article. The research type is theoretically descriptive. Methods of retrospective analysis and systemization of scientific data of the ideological and psycho-pedagogical management of the maritime self-concept are used in the research. The scientific spectrum of the ideological management and scientific situation of the psycho-pedagogical management are problematically analyzed. The scientific research is methodologically based on the STCW convention, paradigm of universal upbringing, idealism, humanism, existentialism, existential phenomenology and neotomism philosophy. Scientific data of mental management of the maritime self-concept shows an individual relationship with the sea, transcendence over everyday routine, consideration of ideological and psychological effects, valuable transformation of the transcendental ideal of the humanity spiritual development in the classic European culture, and the potential of feeling of the personal self-esteem at ideological and psycho-pedagogical levels. The European maritime culture tradition and Greek, Arabic and Judeo-Christian mentality of researches, a priori personal value (when genesis and destiny of life, existential and psychoanalytic questions of management and education relate to water and its symbolism), the Lithuanian national maritime mentality, development of a new state, maritime philosophic consciousness, personal self-management dialectics, maritime economics, socially responsible maritime business for the environment, professional training of seafarers, their dignity, spirituality, physical and psychical health and psychological terror, respect of multidisciplinary researches of the maritime self-concept, dignity, self-esteem and tolerance of the researchers characterize the scientific situation at the level of the explorative grade of ideological management of the maritime self-concept. The scientific spectrum of psycho-pedagogical management of the maritime self-concept shows the researches of the maritime medicine and psychotherapy, social image of the sea, conditions of the personal education of the sea image, mental motives of attractiveness and avoidance of the sea, maritime symbols of the psychoanalysis, psychological analysis of the sea concept, effect of the virtual sea, transformation of epochs, unification of the European moral maritime lifestyle, protestant maritime business and freedom, needs of the seafarers’ self-education, their psycho-prophylactics and stress management competence, the mental condition of the organism, sailor personality development, maritime art-therapy and invulnerable personal freedom in general.
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This paper analyzes the theoretical aspects of the packaging concepts, packaging elements classification, packaging functions performed respondents 'opinions about the packaging influence consumers' decision to buy the data analysis. Analyzing the package definitions, accepting different opinions, but all the authors are inclined to interpret the definition of packaging, highlighting the main functions of packaging (product protection, storage and transportation) with the most important - the communication link between the buyer and the seller, a function that helps to easily identify the brand and communicating the manufacturer outgoing marketing message, and often pack interpreted according to its elements - that is, visual (that reflect the information which affects consumers 'emotions) and informational (affecting consumers' cognitive development orientation).
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The significance of taxes is important to every state, because it is the main source of a country’s budget revenue. Therefore, it is important to create such system of taxes which would verify stable and sufficient income and would minimize the evasion of paying taxes. If taxes, which are levied on, are too big or incorrect, it stimulates the development of shadow economy, the consequence of which is tax losses, which occur because of tax evasion. Profit tax is the tax which brings about many questions and many practical problems. Because of the complicated calculation of profit tax basis, many ways of tax evasion are used. The causes of tax evasion can be divided into two groups: psychological and procedural. Psychological issues are connected with entities that avoid paying any kind of taxes. A part of procedural process is related with entities that avoid paying any profit tax. While forming tax system, it is very important to define taxable limit. Every time, when tax tariffs increase, taxable income increases slower. This rule is applied when the value of gross domestic product does not change. The profit tax evasion can be caused by manipulations in accounting data or in expanding shadow business. Manipulation of accounting data causes the decrease of income, increase of expenses, or improper levy of tax relief on some activities. There is no reliable data which might present information about tax evasion due to the above mentioned reasons. But, according to the reports, presented by State Tax Inspectorate and other institutions about taxable verification and investigation how many additional taxes were imposed on, the amounts are rather big. The collection of income tax is greatly influenced by the scale of shadow economy and changes in gross domestic product. Shadow economy constitutes a big part of GDP. The amount of it in the period of 1997 – 2001 and 2007 – 2008 decreased in Lithuania, but in the years of 2009 – 2010 increased because of recession. In 2011 it stabilized and it made about 27% of GDP. The biggest part of shadow economy constitutes smuggling of cigarettes, alcohol, petrol and other goods. The extent, how big the shadow economy is, depends on the tax burden, and income tax evasion absolute dimension depends on how big the GDP is. The greatest growth of burden of taxes, profit tax among them, was in 2008, when the gross tax burden was 31,1% , profit tax burden was 2,6 % of GDP, and the least tax burden was in 2011and it made 0,82 % of GDP. When the recession started and the taxable burden increased, the profit tax avoidance in 2008 increased by 38,8 percentage point compared with 2007. Later, the scale of avoidance decreased, but in 2011 it went up again, though the pre – crisis level was not achieved. On the basis of investigation, the conclusion can be made, that profit tax evasion is connected with the economic situation and tax burden in the country.
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The paper deals with the problems of rhetorical effect to other side of the negotiations. It is argued that a persuasive speech is very important competence of negotiator, as nothing can change negotiator’s alive speech. Only directly negotiating, giving evidence, arguments, counter-arguments, controversy negotiators can move quickly to the overall objective of the agreement. Even with a well-developed modern means of communication, the Internet, electronic negotiation support systems, negotiators are moving to another part of the world for direct negotiations. Negotiator in alive bargaining process demonstrates himself, his appearance, mind, manners, emotions, ethics, etiquette knowledge, characteristics of voice, gestures, movements, facial expressions, reactions and their other communication options. The use of rhetorical tools in bargaining process, the success of staying in contact with the other half of the negotiations is an important factor for effective negotiations. If classical rhetoric focused attention on how to convince the other part, in modern rhetoric, focus is focused more to dialogue, to interaction between speakers, and harmonization of relations.
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This paper examines the changes of informatics (computer science) competency field, the problems of study program development or improvement. Lithuania and whole Europe encounter with the lack of specialists of information technologies. Gap between the number of free workplaces in IT business and the number of university graduates in informatics increases each year. Applications of Information Technology are evolving very rapidly, employers want a different application of knowledge and skills. The structure of informatics study program in Lithuania is defined by the Regulation of informatics study field (Lithuanian Ministry of Education and Science, 2008). The wishes of employers, the well-known recommendations of Association for Computing Machinery and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers „Computing Curricula“, situation in Labour Exchange have a significant impact too. Developers of informatics study program in Lithuania can use the methodics and results of recent surveys about the development of competences in informatics study field (Denisovas, 2011, Poviliūnas, 2010). Normative documents are aging rapidly, they need to be periodically updated. Study program developers have to be very careful distributing the study credits time between basic (fundamental) training and knowledge of specific applications in the field of informatics while creating a new study programs. There is a noticeable shift towards training of specific narrow competences (for example: „programming for smart devices“ instead of „general programming“, „cloud computing“ or „mobile networks“ instead of „computer networks“). Employers desire to train general competences (e.g. work in team, responsibility sense, problem solving competencies etc.). Number of students in groups is not big. This create a problem for optional (alternative) study courses. A case study was implemented to evaluate separate general and specific competencies of informatics (computer science) field. Vilnius Business College Computer science degree program, whose objectives and competencies are well enough to meet a variety of sources and advices, was selected for the case study. Study program has 4 general competencies (sense of initiative and entrepreneurship, ability to work in team etc.) and 8 professional competencies (ability to maintain hardware and software, object programming, databases, architecture of computer networks, computer graphics, web technologies, safety of information etc.). Competencies of this degree program were compared with the Regulations of Informatics study field, Computer Science Curricula 2013 (ACM/IEEE), reccomendations for development of informatics study field. Also study program competencies were evaluated by potential employers and college social partners, alumni and current students of informatics.
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It should be emphasized that the factors affecting the credit union 's performance and continuity of the spectrum is quite broad. It is a human resources management, innovative technology, competition , planning, rational use of resources , management processes , management system , operational expediency and others. It can be assumed that the activities of credit unions as a dynamic state, which is dependent on a wide variety of ever-changing factors inherent to both credit unions both inside and outside. Internal factors are subjective, because the credit union can afford and lead them in the right direction, and external factors stemming from the credit union's outside is objectively determined, i.e. they are common to all businesses, and the company can not operate them. Analysis of external and internal environmental factors helps to assess the potential risks and opportunities, as well as determines what kind of business, economic and technical conditions and the size of the competition. Those factors helps manage corporate resources to make the right decisions.
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Literature analysis showed that the commercial banking prudential requirements analyzed little in both theory and practice, especially after the commercial bank restructuring process. Major commercial banks normative indicators of liquidity and capital adequacy. These normatives are basic not accidental. Primary losses are absorbed from liquid asset, the remaining losses of capital. Thus, the commercial capital of the bank is like a last resort, through which absorbed the remainder risk of liquidity. The above indicators discrepancy normative may result in restriction of activity, as a last resort activities moratorium on the commercial bank is considered de facto insolvent. As shown by some of the authors’ research beginnings, the maximum loan currency and precious metals are not essential, but an important and necessary to consider only such standards as possible to get the help of an objective of a commercial bank operating efficiency profile. The maximum loan per borrower normative is like a ceiling to manage their credit risk. Although the normative is limits smaller commercial banks activity to issue large-scale loans, solution can be syndicated loans and strengthening the capital base. Minimum reserves standards is not commercial banks axis, which influences the commercial banking business and its continuity, however , this standard does not only systematic, but also affects the whole country's economic well-being. The main reasons given for the decline in the reserve Bank of Lithuania has a desire to strengthen the capacity of the banks to lend money to individuals and businesses as well as to minimize the gap between Lithuania and the EU mainstream compulsory reserve ratios in order to support the financial system of the country's convergence with the other member states. In addition, it should be noted that in that financial repression and the reserve ratio reduction signals to the public about the financial system by managing bodies desire for more money pumped into the economy. In this way, both the Bank before the merger with joint – stock company Ukio Bank, and after the merger and after the Basel III directives supported the inclusion of excess liquidity. Assessing the capital adequacy of the Bank's capital adequacy normative after the merger with joint – stock company Ukio Bank decreased, while after the Basel III directives integration grew, however, as demonstrated by testing under unfavorable conditions, there is a possibility the least likely scenario to fulfill the capital adequacy normative. The maximum loan per borrower ratio after the merger with joint – stock company Ukio Bank is growing, but the normative limit is not violated. Maximum total open position in foreign exchange and precious metals after the merger with joint – stock company Ukio Bank grew and it adversely affected the performance of the Bank's normative, although the threshold has been violated.
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Among Lithuanian authors, international trade is researched as import and export activity mainly. Export and import is researched by Rakauskienė (2006); export and import regulatory measures are examined by Bernatonytė (2009); the commercial architecture of international trade, the main Lithuania export partners are analysed by Ginevičius and others (2005); Lithuanian exports structure and dynamics is presented by Purlys (2006); and the changes of export volumes are investigated by Jakutis and others (2005). However, the attention to economic activity concentration (agglomeration) is not very among Lithuanian researchers. On the other hand, the authors in world's scientific literature investigate the topic from different directions. International trade and the placement of economic activity are common topics in economic researches. One direction of researches stands for the tendency to agglomeration interpretation through international trade and input-output linkages between firms. Another direction turns to the effect of the internal market, as an agglomeration, international trade costs, and increasing returns to scale relationship analyzes. Third direction focuses on the compatibility of rising income and transportation costs and its effect to economic activity concentration. However, not all insights were based on models that allow to analyze the overall balance between explaining the placement of companies in the region. Crucial is Nobel laureate P. Krugman's contribution, which directly affected the international trade and geography field studies. The aim of the study – after the systematic analyze of scientific works dedicated to economic activity concentration topic to provide proposals, which focuses on international trade volume development. The survey is conducted on the basis of the knowledge accumulated in the scientific literature (the research is literature-driven). Systemic analysis methods, generalisation, concretizing, and comparison are used in the study. The systematic analyse is used in the paper seeking to research international trade as the complex object and to develop solutions used for the promotion of international trade volumes. In this paper agglomeration issues are analyzed in three different ways. First, the analysis of the industry life cycle stages in the content of the agglomeration effects is delivered. Second, in the article models, used for the analysis of agglomeration force, are presented. According references in literature models are grouped into five main categories: models dedicated for assortment diversity, market size, distance to the concentration regions ('major markets'); industry ups and downs, and other factors (variables). According P. Krugman New Economic Geography (NEG) models present that companies achieve better results, increase return of investments due to agglomeration force.
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The system of the public administration in Ukraine needs to be improved based on the theoretically proven concept. The legal nature, the organizationally-legal forms of entities of the public administration, in particular, of such special state bodies as central state bodies of executive power with special status and national regulatory authorities, are among the most discussible issues. Based on the analysis conducted in this paper, the conclusion about the necessity of the relevant criteria for the establishment of different organizationally-legal forms of central state bodies of executive power has been made. There is a separate group of bodies within the system of central state bodies of executive power that has the special scope of competence, special relations with the Government of Ukraine, the special procedure of establishment, reorganization and liquidation, as well as the special procedure of appointment and dismissal of the chairmen of the bodies – central state bodies of executive power with special status. However, such bodies have a transitional character; their existence within the system of the bodies of executive power seems to be artificial. Therefore, it is recommended to exclude such bodies from the system of bodies of executive power. The author of this paper supports the establishment of the separate group of independent regulatory authorities (that should include, in particular, the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, regulatory commissions in the spheres of energy, utilities, telecommunications, bonds and financial markets) within the system of the public administration of Ukraine. However, the legal framework for such national regulatory authorities is still stipulated only by laws and regulations. Therefore, it is proposed to amend the Constitution of Ukraine with the provisions on independent regulatory authorities, and, in particular, to share the responsibilities regarding the appointment and dismissal of the chairmen and the members of such bodies between the Parliament and the President of Ukraine, to stipulate that the framework for establishment and functioning of these organs shall be stated only by laws of Ukraine, to define that the national regulatory bodies shall be accountable to the Parliament of Ukraine and to the President of Ukraine and to stipulate the strict requirements of such accountability by laws.
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The actions for failure to act against European Union institutions are governed by the Treaty on the functioning of European Union (hereinafter also referred to as TFEU) Article 265. The purpose of these actions is to constitute a fact that European institution failed to act by not adopting legal measure when it had the legal obligation to adopt it. The action for failure to act can be lodged by privileged applicant, i. e. member state or European Union institution. Also, the action can be lodged by non-privileged applicant, i. e. private natural or legal person. It is noteworthy that in legal doctrine the right to action (in latin called locus standi) under Article 265 of the TFEU has been analyzed insufficiently compared to the right to action under Article 263 of the TFEU, which governs the actions for annulment. It is not clear under what conditions applicants can bring an action for failure to act before the Court of Justice of the European Union. Further uncertainty occurs regarding the right to action of private applicants under Article 265 of the TFEU. As it seems from the wording of Article 265 of the TFEU, only in cases where European Union institution fails to address to that private applicant any act other than a recommendation or an opinion, private applicant is entitled to bring the action for failure to act before the court. Questions in particular arise whether private applicant can use the action for failure to act in case the non-adopted legal act would be addressed to third party, but inevitably such inaction influences the legal interests of such private applicant. For the above mentioned reasons, this scientific article aims to disclose the criteria for the right to action under Article 265 of the TFEU regarding privileged and nonprivileged applicants. The article consists of three parts. In the first part, under what terms the action for failure to act can be lodged by member states and European Union institutions is analyzed. Further, in the second part, the same analysis is performed regarding private natural and legal persons. Finally, the third part provides necessary conclusions and remarks.
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This article examines whether the principle of party autonomy and prorogation of jurisdiction may be applied in cross-border litigation on family-law matters. Drawing different sources, including scientific works, national legislation of Ukraine, international treaties, instruments on codification of the principles on transnational civil procedure, the paper first gives a brief overview of the history and current situation concerning regulation of prorogation of jurisdiction. Then, the author presents the results of a study of jurisdictional rules provided by Ukrainian internal legal acts and international agreements on jurisdiction in which Ukraine is a party (the Hague Conventions, bilateral and multilateral treaties on legal assistance and legal relations in civil and family relations) and draws conclusions concerning peculiarities of prorogation of jurisdiction for matters arising from family-law relations. Attention is also paid to the comparative overview of the Hague Conventions and Regulations of the European Union (Regulation No 2201/2003/EC of November 27, 2003 Concerning Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Matrimonial Matters and the Matters of Parental Responsibility and Regulation No 4/2009/EC of December 18, 2008 on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition and Enforcement of Decisions and Cooperation in Matters Relating to Maintenance Obligations). Several opinions of the European Court of Justice on some issues of prorogation of jurisdiction are noted, as well. The most remarkable changes in the prorogation agreements regulation in Ukraine took place by the entry into force in 2005 of the Law of Ukraine on Private International Law. Article 76 of the Law stipulates for the first instance when Ukrainian courts may initiate the proceedings and try cases with a foreign element the instance “if the parties chose the jurisdiction of Ukrainian courts over a case with a foreign element by their agreement”. The Hague Conventions on jurisdiction and children protection in which Ukraine is a party (Convention of October 19, 1996 on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children and Convention of 23 November 2007 on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance) concretize provisions of p. 1 Art. 76 of the Law of Ukraine on Private International and specify three variants of prorogation of jurisdiction in family-law matters.
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