We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The following article presents the results of research into student organizations at the University of Lodz. The primary focus of the study was the occurrence of apparent actions inside these organizations. The first phase of the research (Critical Discourse Analysis of the organizations’ websites) enabled the authors to identify the organizations in which the apparent actions occured. Since one of the elements of Jan Lutynski’s definition of apparent actions is that the social actors are aware of the fact that their actions do not realize the assumed goals of an organization, the second phase of the research consisted of interviews carried out with the activists within the organizations. These interviews showed that the activists were not aware of not realizing the assumed goals of their organizations. Moreover, they were making an effort to rationalize and justify their actions. The results of the research induce authors to call the aforementioned element of Jan Lutynski’s definition of apparent actions into question. In conclusion, the authors discuss whether Jan Lutynski’s definition is still valid in a democratic society in the age of late modernity.
More...
The paper investigates the phenomenon of apparent actions in the functioning of the public institutions of social welfare within the conceptual framework posited by Jan Lutyński. A number of questions are addressed, e.g. What is the role of apparent actions in the institutions of social welfare? What are the mechanisms of spreading apparent actions in the institutions of social welfare? What are the effects of these actions? An attempt to formulate answers to these questions are made on the basis of the author’s own qualitative research conducted in 2007, other studies conducted on social welfare institutions, and the author’s own three-year experience as a supervisor of a social welfare institution . The main conclusion is that apparent actions are common in social welfare institutions. They appear among social welfare clients as well as among social workers. Examples are provided of different situations, e.g. apparent social programs and projects – ‘inclusion utopia’; apparent solutions to social problems – the fiction of ‘paper strategies’. The lack of standards and evaluation leads to social work itself being the main area of apparent actions. Another problem is the lack of cooperation, or rather, apparent cooperation, between social welfare institutions and local authorities. One conclusion drawn by the study is that apparent actions exist on every level and in every area of the whole system of social welfare in Poland. The study suggests that although it may be possible and necessary to diminish the scale of apparent actions in social welfare institutions, a great transition in the awareness of many social actors is required.
More...
The times of “real socialism” have abounded with apparent actions in Jan Lutynski’s sense. It seemed after 1989 that such changes as political democratization, marketization of economy and introduction of the principle of publicity into the public sphere should yield a gradual marginalization of apparent actions. Instead, there are still plenty of apparent actions in Polish social life, even if their sources, mechanisms and functions have partly changed. The article refers to the two areas where apparent actions are particularly intense. In the fields of science and higher education, a number of detrimental and usually tabooed fictions have cumulated, especially in the domain of research, publications and mass education. The sphere of mass media, journalism, public debates and shaping of public opinion contains equally destructive illusions. Recent tendencies in apparent actions urge a theoretical reflection on apparent communication and apparent knowledge, and help to single out “neo-apparent” actions.
More...
The civil service is one of the most important elements of governmental administration and has a great influence on the way a state performs its tasks. In the 90`s, it could be argued that Central-Eastern European Countries did not take sufficient care in reforming the public administration sector and creating the civil service, with the consequent problem of the politicization of public administration. The first parliamentary act in Poland concerning the civil service was passed only in 1996. Since that time the organizational principles for the civil service were changed three times. Currently in force is the 2008 Act on Civil Service. The civil service was intended to make public administration more professional, objective and independent of particular political interest. The professional civil servants should be politically neutral. Their position should be stable regardless of the changes of the ruling coalitions. However, in Poland political parties tend to restrict public administration autonomy and subordinate it to their interests. The aim of my paper is to analyze the staffing politics concerning senior posts in the civil service and to define the extent to which the actual practices has been in compliance with the formally defined principles. The situation in this field is presented from 1989, the post-Solidarity governance, until 2009, the present Donald Tusk government. In addition, the changes introduced by the Acts on Civil Service from 1996, 1998, 2006, and 2008 will be discussed as well as their influence of the praxis. It is argued that the ways in which the legal principles concerning staffing senior civil service posts have been enacted throughout the years can be seen as classic example of apparent actions considered by Jan Lutyński.
More...
Within this article, Jan Lutynski’s concept of apparent action serves as a theoretical frame for distinguishing apparent and authentic communication. Additionally, Norman Fairclough’s approach has been incorporated to permit the analysis of the language of apparent action. The discourse analysis of two higher education advertisements highlights the more general phenomenon of the conflation of academic and commercial values, which the author considers further as consequences of the changes in power, control and ideology of contemporary society.
More...
The study investigates the quality of civic dialogue in Poland. Its analysis is based on the theoretical principle of the concept of ‘apparent actions’. Civic dialogue between government and civil society organisations was introduced in order to improve the quality of democracy and is currently implemented by the member states of the EU. However, a significant body of research suggests that the process of consulting and negotiating public decisions in Poland is quite ‘apparent’, in that it does not lead to true, real negotiations, but exists only in order to simulate them. This situation may be analysed and explained within the conceptual framework of apparent actions proposed by Jan Lutyński and his typology of mechanisms which cause apparent actions. Collected data suggests that the apparent condition of civic dialogue in Poland may be a permanent one.
More...
The article gives overview of emerging Latvian investment services market. Different sub sectors are examined to identify individual trends influencing development of single activities and a broader vision of the whole market is given as well. Straipsnyje pateikiama augančios Latvijos investavimo paslaugų rinkos apžvalga. Analizuojami sub-sektoriai siekiant išskirti atskirų veiklų vystymosi tendencijas, o taip pat įvertinama ir visa rinka bei jos raida.
More...
Straipsnyje pateikiamas sisteminis požiūris į korporatyvinį valdymą, apimant vadybinį, teisinį bei ekonominį aspektus. Analizuojamos korporacijos ir korporatyvinio valdymo sąvokos, išskiriami korporatyvinio valdymo elementai bei požymiai, nulemiantys modelių formavimąsi. The paper provides systemic view on corporate governance, joining managerial, legal and economic approaches. Concepts of corporation and corporate governance are analyzed, defining elements and characteristics of corporate governance, which determine development of specific models.
More...
The authors present a mathematical model of investment for a set of projects under conditions of uncertainty. The model addresses the problem of an investor with access to a limited pool of capital who makes decisions on investment. They discuss optimal investment decisions for the cases where the return from investment is a random variable. The single-period and multiperiod cases of investment decisions are considered. The paper presents closed form solutions for commonly adopted utility functions. Autoriai pristato matematinį investavimo modelį, kuris gali būti pritaikytas projektų rinkiniui egzistuojant neapibrėžtumui. Modelis skirtas padėti ribotus išteklius turinčiam investuotojui priimti investavimo sprendimus. Autoriai analizuoja optimalius investavimo sprendimus atvejams kuomet investicijų grąža yra atsitiktinis kintamasis. Yra vertinami vieno ar daugelio periodų atvejai. Straipsnyje pristatomi uždaro tipo bendrai pritaikomų naudingumo funkcijų sprendiniai.
More...
Straipsnyje analizuojamos teorinės darbo jėgos migracijos prielaidos, darbo jėgos migracijos modelis, parodantis naudą šalims ir patiems migruojantiems. Pateikiama vidinės ir išorinės migracijos rodiklių dinamika ir ją sąlygojančių veiksnių tyrimas, analizuojamos migracijos tendencijos globaliniu mastu ir Lietuvoje. The article deals with the theoretical labour migration presumptions and the theoretical labour migration model, demonstrating the benefits for both the countries and the migrants. The dynamics of the internal and external migration and the survey of the factors preconditioning it are presented, the migration tendencies on the global as well as Lithuanian level are analysed
More...
Pateikta mišrios ekonomikos bendrojo produkto, visuminės paklausos, pasiūlos, vartojimo, taupymo, investicijų, makropusiausvyros ir multiplikatoriaus efekto apibendrinta makroanalizė. Iškeltos mišrios ekonomikos makroanalizės problemos, ieškoma jų sprendimo būdų. This publication presents summarized macro analysis of gross product of mixed economy, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, consumption, saving, investments, macroeconomic balance and multiplication effect. Some of the problems of macro analysis of mixed economy are raised and ways of their solution are searched for.
More...
Straipsnyje vertinama masto ekonomijos bei neekonomijos ir įmonės dydžio tarpusavio ryšio poveikio įmonės konkurencingumui galimybė. Veikiant masto ekonomijos ir neekonomijos sąveikos mechanizmui, vidutiniai gamybos kaštai mažėja ir įmonės konkurencingumas didėja. The aim of the research is to introduce the role of enterprise scale under the conditions of competition. In the article the theoretical model of scale economies and diseconomies interaction influence on the competitive ability of the enterprise enabling to evaluate this influence is presented.
More...
Straipsnyje aptariami darbo rinkos rodiklių pokyčių identifikavimo ir vertinimo klausimai, rodiklių dinaminių pokyčių identifikavimo metodai. The paper deals with the identification of the rate changes in the labour market and its estimation problems as well as the identification methods of dynamic rate changes.
More...
Straipsnyje, remiantis matematinio modeliavimo rezultatais nagrinėjama, kaip pasikeistų atmosferos tarša anglies dvideginiu, jei energetikos sektoriuje būtų atsisakyta nemokamai dalinamų ATL, kokią įtaką tai turėtų elektros energijos gamybos struktūrai ir energijos tiekimo patikimumui. This article is focused on analysis how effected CO2 emissions, structure of electricity supply and security of energy supply would be in Lithuania, if no free emission permits were distributed in the energy sector. Calculations are performed by applying modeling tool message.
More...
This article aims fixing the situation of Trabzon in researches on folk literature and folklore between 1929-1949. Fixings and assesments were made in context of “Halk Bilgisi Haberleri” and “İnan” which published by Türk Halk Bilgisi Derneği and İstanbul Eminönü Halk Evi and Trabzon Halkevi. “Halk Bilgisi Haberleri” was prefered because of a periodical which containing folk literature and folklor materials which collected from all Turkey. “İnan” is a local periodical which published in Trabzon contained folk litarature and folklore materials collected from Trabzon.
More...
В данном исследовании говорится об историческом развитии, происхождении этнического состава и причинах дальнейшего разобщения Караев и Крымчаков, являющихся старейшими тюркоязычными народами, населяющими Крымский полуостров. Отрицательного отношение, сложившееся в ходе исследований истории Карайского народа Фриговичем; неправильное религиозное направление, данное Крымчакам религиозными деятелями, пришедшими в Крым из других регионов; нахождение Крымчаков, подобно Караям, в ожидании признания им русским государством особого статуса; старания русских и еврейских ученых показать Крымчаков родственным себе народом; скрытие имеющихся в наличии исторических документов и источников и усугубление их изучения в причину того, что они написаны в основном на староеврейском языке; принадлежность Крымчаков религиозному учению, отличному от ислама, - все это послужило отдалению их от Караев, придерживающихся такого религиозного учения, как Батыни-Мусави.
More...
The last period of social history, bandtriy and detective events are very important. The clasical period of the Otoman Empire, puclic orders and security was provided by the janissaries and the calavaries. After the abolihment of the janissaries, the new arrangements were formed by the goverment. In 1846 Zaptiye Müşirliği and in 1909 Emniyet-i Umumiye Müdürlüğü was also erected to provide security. In the Ottoman period, the banditries were seen three categories: “Levent Eşkıyalıkları”, “Aşiret Eşkıyalıkları”, “Kişisel ve Toplu Eşkıyalık”. It is seen that the appearance of the banditries were increase the moral and economic deterioration and the collapse of the govermental authority. This inclination is not only the Otoman Empire but also the other counties in the world.. Similiarly in the 18th century, the period, which was investigated, the economic crisses were seen and this caused the domestic governers in the empire. All these negative effects due to the creation of the bantiry. In the 20th century, the war conditions also appeared the banditriy. In this investigation, the crimes reports, were written the First World War, the statistical list about the detective activities around Çorum were benefited. The second part of the investigation aolsa mentioned the effects of the banditry over the social situations.
More...
Отражение в коротких песнях казанских татар предметов национального костюма и национальных украшений придает им особый колорит, который естественным образом вплетается в лирический настрой народа. При выражении красоты девушки, неприменным атрибутом наравне с ее лицом, станом и характером, считались и предметы ее одежды, и украшения, которые своеобразно подчеркивали ее красоту. Однако по сравнению с другими тюркскими народностями татары под влиянием русской и европейской культур рано отказались от своей национальной одежды. Короткие песни татар, дошедшие до наших дней, являются незаменимым источником изучения не только лирическиого настроя, но и истории костюма и украшений народа.
More...