O semantyce pojęcia służby

Author(s): Magdalena Cepryńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2007

The subject matter of the article is the analysis of the role of the term ‘służba’ as it is described by the verb ‘służyć’ (to serve) and the noun ‘służba’ (service, the servants). A brief syntactic-semantic analysis of the term ‘służba’ was carried out on the basis of selected dictionary definitions and usages of the words ‘słuz˙yc´’ and ‘słuz˙ba’ in contemporary Polish. The paper shows and describes semantic elements characteristic for the term ‘służba’ and presents the consequences of their occurrence in the understanding of the type of conduct which can be described by the word ‘służba’.

Polska gwara okolic Drohiczyna na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Bogusław Nowowiejski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2007

The article attempts to partly characterize (at phonetic and inflectional levels) Polish local dialects of Drohiczyn area at the turn of 19th and 20th century. The basis of the present study is the archival dialect material collected over one hundred years ago by a Vilnius medicine doctor and social-educational activist Ludwik Czarkowski who included his ethnographic study of former Bielsk Land in the study entitled {Local Dialect Dictionary Starting from Drohiczyn} (in chapter {Dialect Properties}).

{Senat} i wyrazy pokrewne w języku polskim

Author(s): Krystyna Długosz-Kurczabowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2007

The subject matter of the article is a presentation if various relations taking place between Polish words which are etymologically connected with the Latin adjective senex (old). Among these words we can find: (1) direct borrowings from Latin ({senat, senator, senior}); (2) Polish derivates of the above-mentioned borrowings cf. {senat: senacki, senactwo, senator: senatorka, senatorski, senior: seniorka, senioralny}; (3) indirect borrowings: {sir, sire, signor, monsignor}. The collected examples of forms of address and honorific expressions borrowed from various languages and etymologically connected with the Latin word {senior} (older, senior) seem to convey the prestige and authority that elderly people enjoyed in former societies.

Strategia reinterpretacji etymologicznej jako mechanizm gier językowych w powieści Ulysses Jamesa Joyce’a

Author(s): Justyna Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2007

The main purpose of the article is to show a mechanism of etymological reinterpretation strategy as one of Joyce’s key wordplays. In accordance with the research the most typically indicated wordplays are: a hierogram, a riddle, an anagram. Etymological reinterpretation enables translation which is equivalent in terms of communicational and dynamic transfer of a statement.

Z zagadnień chronologii zapożyczeń litewskich w gwarach polskich z terenu Litwy

Author(s): Krystyna Rutkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2007

The article is an analysis of lexical Lithuanisms functioning in Polish dialects spoken in the area of the town Trakai. The paper examines 120 lexical borrowings and are describe in the manner which shows their chronological diversity and different ways of penetrating Polish dialects of the region. The analysis shows that the majority of Lithuanian borrowings were incorporated into Polish through the Byelorussian language. Due to insufficient records of the vocabulary items in lexicographical sources and other studies concerning the lexis of the north borderland of Poland one can only determine relative chronology of the Lithuanian borrowings in Polish dialects.

Czy można się zdziwić, nie zobaczywszy? − rodzina wyrazów {dziw, dziwić się} w dawnej polszczyźnie

Author(s): Agnieszka Ewa Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2007

The article is a description of the family of words proved by SStp and SXVI and originating from the phrase dziwic´ sie˛ (to be surprised). The starting point of the research is the old Slavonic form of the verb *diviti se˛ and its original meaning: to look with admiration, to observe, to contemplate. On the basis of quotes from sources dating up to 16th century the paper shows the relation between the concept of surprise [(z){dziwienie}] and the sense of sight and hearing. The mental aspect of being surprised is also mentioned in the article.

Obrazy miast europejskich utrwalone w {Dyjariuszu podróży hiszpańskiej...} (1768) Juwenalisa Charkiewicza

Author(s): Elżbieta Sękowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2007

The main focus of the article is a diary kept by Juwenalis Charkiewicz, a Vilnius observant friar, who recorded his journey made in 1768. From the extensive content of Charkiewicz’s work, the author of the research has selected descriptions of cities, buildings and architectural details. In the analysis the emphasis is put on the description pattern and on linguistic means used in the text (lexicon and syntax). The descriptions prove that in his writings Charkiewicz adapted old-Polish memoir writing conventions.

Rodzaj - wichrzycielem ‘składni’?

Author(s): Zofia Zaron / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2007

The category of grammatical gender in the Polish language is not homogenous and has various levels of complexity. Consequently, Polish grammatical gender is a subject of many controversies. It is treated as a grammatical category, however the majority of linguists believe that it is a purely syntactic category. The author shares the latter view and attempts to show, in the most conspicuous way, various types of exemptions from formal-syntactic rules and to search for the justification of these phenomena.

Osm statečných – rozhovor s Pavlem Litvinovem o jeho druzích a demonstraci na Rudém náměstí

Author(s): Adam Hradilek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2008

Ukázat celé panorama - rozhovor s Markem Lasotou a Tadeuszem Isakowiczem-Zaleským o zkoumání komunistické minulosti v Polsku

Author(s): Petr Blažek,Rudolf Vévoda / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2008

Komunisté nezvedají prst, nýbrž pěst

Author(s): Pavel Žáček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2008

In the course of Czechoslovakia’s occupation in August 1968, State Security (StB), which acted as the political police of the communist regime, got largely out of control of its superior, the then Interior Minister Josef Pavel. The support granted by some StB officers to the occupiers largely contributed to the successful completion of the occupation. In addition, high StB officers had established contacts with their colleagues from the Soviet KGB long before August 1968, and they later acted according to schemes agreed on earlier, or according to direct commands from Soviet officers. Colonel Viliam Šalgovič, lieutenant colonel Josef Ripl and lieutenant colonel Bohumír Molnár pursued this treasonable activity most eagerly. The latter provided assistance to the occupiers even after Interior Minister Pavel had recalled both his colleagues from their posts. In the period from August 20 to 24, StB employees split into two camps, with one of them assisting Soviet occupiers and the other staying loyal to the legal Czechoslovak government. These loyal employees were exposed to persecution and threats. They were even detained, and released only after an insistent intervention by the interior minister. Meanwhile, those who were assisting the occupiers managed to put radio transmitters out of operation and to arrest and intern Czech National Council Chairman Čestmír Císař. They were permanently ready to serve the occupiers wherever their assistance was needed. The official government representatives soon learned about the effort of Viliam Šalgovič for a putsch at the Prague Directorate of the National Security Corps (SNB), and they took an action against it. Šalgovič was demoted from his position, the interned StB employees were released and the situation – apparently – returned to normal. However, occupation had been already brought to completion and the traitors had fulfilled their role.

Ivan Dejmal za mřížemi

Author(s): Tomáš Bursík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2008

Ivan Dejmal spent four years behind the bars of Czechoslovak prisons. He was condemned on fabricated charges of „subversion of the republic“, to be jailed in 1970-1972 and later again in 1974-1976. The latter sentence came as a „punishment“ for Dejmal’s activity in students‘ movement. As a political prisoner, Dejmal was exposed to chicane, carefully watched and continuously punished, e.g., for „sleeping after the waking-up time“. He stayed in a number of prisons, with his jailers agreeing that the „service of the term of imprisonment failed to fulfil its reformatory function“, which in other words means that Dejmal refused to give up his opinions. In spite of all injustice and chicane, Dejmal left the prison unbroken. On the contrary, he immediately joined the activity of the opposition and stood at the birth of the Charter 77 human rights manifesto and movement in January 1977.

Občanská společnost a její význam v období Pražského jara

Author(s): Tomáš Vilímek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2008

The Prague Spring reform movement of 1968 had a markedly revitalizing effect on Czechoslovak society. The long suppressed instincts of civil society were reawakened within just a few weeks. Dozens of periodicals started to come out together with hundreds of formerly banned books, traditional associations were being restored and new were being founded. All this was mostly inspired by spontaneous movement from below. Along with the revival of civil society, interest was growing among the public in subjects that had been inadmissible until then. This concerned in particular the crimes of the communist justice, political plurality, and the legitimacy of the leading position of the Czechoslovak Communist Party in Czechoslovakia’s life. Civil society at the time of the Prague Spring was characterized by three basic features: firstly, almost all strata of society joined the process of social changes, secondly, it was for the first time in twenty years that civil society presented itself as a power factor which the ruling communists could not ignore or suppress, and thirdly, this new force manifested itself most strongly during the days of Czechoslovakia’s occupation by Warsaw Treaty forces in August 1968, when an overwhelming majority of the country’s population stood up against the forceful interruption of the revitalizing process. All this made the consequences suffered in the subsequent months yet worse and the civil society restored in the first half of 1968 quickly petered out, suffocated by the changes brought forth by the process of normalization. It thus „froze“ in the winter of 1968 and in the course of 1969 as quickly as it “blossomed” in the spring of 1968, with no evident traces of its existence left after 1970.

„Zlatý poklad” Fondu republiky z roku 1968

Author(s): Jiří Bašta / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2008

In the course of the Prague Spring of 1968, some state enterprises came up with an idea of a national collection to the so-called Fund of the Republic. The collection was intended to support the effort of economic reformers to improve Czechoslovakia’s economic situation. The idea met with a broad response across all strata of society, without anybody drawing too much attention to the fact that it was the ruling regime that had brought the economy to ruins. At the turn of July and August 1968, a collection of money and gold was launched, together with voluntary working shifts. Those who could not contribute money, gold or work, offered, e.g. their own blood for medical purposes. Soon the slogan Every Citizen to Contribute at Least 1 Gram of Gold to the Golden Treasure of the Republic spread all over the country. Family jewels, pieces of noble metals spared after dental surgeries, or their equivalent in the form of money or things were being sent to the Czechoslovak State Bank or other authorized institutions. More than 190 million Czechoslovak crowns and 61kg of gold were collected before the start of the occupation. However, the collection did not end up with the occupation, only its sources started to dry out. In spite of this, over 278 million crowns and more than 86kg of gold were raised before July 1969. It was generally believed that the „treasure“ had been captured by Soviet occupiers, but in reality the collection stayed in the Czechoslovak State Bank until the revolution of November 1989.

Akce „Přednáška“ – sledování Ivana Dejmala

Author(s): Petr Blažek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2008

Ivan Dejmal was kept under surveillance by secret police as of November 1976, i.e. after his release from prison. A detailed plan of his day-long surveillance was worked out by State Security (StB) in December 1977, providing for Dejmal’s systematic checks by Czechoslovak police bodies. He was watched on every step, the persons who came in contact with him were registered, and he was arrested and summoned for interrogation without any legal grounds from time to time. Dejmal’s surveillance kept busy a number of StB agents, several cars, and it even involved the use of disguise and hidden cameras. The surveillance was not carried out constantly but in certain waves in 1978, in February 1978, in the spring of 1980, etc. The last record on Dejmal’s surveillance comes from May 1985, when the action was carried out under the cover name of „Lecture“.

Divoký cocktail soudruha Kodrleho

Author(s): Prokop Tomek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2008

The document concerned comes from the office of the chief of the Czechoslovak Interior Ministry 1st Directorate and deals with a breach of discipline by member of the Czechoslovak military mission in the Federal Republic of Germany and State Security intelligence agent Josef Křenek, whose actual surname was Kodrle. This man got drunk at the Polish military mission in West Berlin during an event marking Poland’s national day, got in a car with an American registration number, and then fell asleep in the streets of West Berlin. Still completely drunk, he was brought back to the Czechoslovak military mission by American military police. It was rather difficult to settle the whole affair, yet Kodrle got through it without any greater harm.

Soudruzi určení k internaci (

Author(s): Pavel Žáček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2008

The testimonies of Prague’s State Security employees who were arrested by their colleagues in August 1968 and without any explanation interned on StB premises (see Pavel Žáček: Communists do not Raise a Finger but a Fist) evoke the memory of the conflict that was ripening among employees of the communist secret police throughout the year 1968, and that culminated during the country’s occupation in August. The testimonies of the interned StB employees, even though sometimes grotesque, stylistically clumsy and grammatically incorrect, throw light on the support provided by StB to Soviet occupational forces in Prague, and on its role in the forthcoming events.

Summaries

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2008

Screens in Waiting Rooms of Gynaecology Clinics: Exploitation of a Trusted Place

Author(s): Zuzana Skřepská / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2013

This paper is focused on a specialized commercial television programme screened in waiting rooms of gynaecology clinics and specifically on the ways in which this programme is received by viewers/patients. The objectives of the study are achieved by analysis of interviews with viewers/patients. Reception of the programme is seen as an intersection of advertising discourse and medical discourse whilst the latter becomes a tool for legitimization of the programme.

Invisible Audiences: Structure and Agency in Post-socialist Media Studies

Author(s): Irena Reifová,Tereza Pavlíčková / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2013

The study of media audiences was not assigned an especially prominent place in Central and East European (CEE) academia after ‘the big bang’ in 1989. Even now, almost 25 years later, the audience research is not performed in a consistent manner and pronounced in a firm voice in this region. We could say that media audiences – people who receive, co-create, interpret, understand and appropriate media messages – were rendered almost invisible in the post-socialist study of media.1 This state of affairs may seem like a coincidence of idiosyncratic factors but it is in fact a repercussion of larger socio-political logics which established themselves as unquestioned mainstream discourses underlying the period of post-socialist transformation. The trifling, petty problem of media audiences (from the societal perspective, not for us) thus becomes an access point which enables us not only to understand the reasons for its suppression but also to gain a deeper insight into the character of the post-socialist times in general.