Basic education and evaluation in Finland

Author(s): Erkki Nevanperä / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Finnish 15 years old pupils have been very successful in the OECD’s PISA tests. In recent years, the level of students’ attainment has declined. The change between the year 2001 and year 2012 is significant. In Finland, basic teaching carries out both educational and didactic task. The national core curriculum for basic education is determined by the Finnish National Board of Education, and it was introduced in schools in August 2006. The amendments to the national core curriculum and the evaluation were introduced in 2016. The evaluation is carried out on a consistent basis in the provinces. The entrepreneurial approach and inclusion are regional priorities, which are taken into account in the evaluation. The principles of the evaluation are, among others, incentives, entrepreneurial mode of operation, continuity, promotion of learning, truthfulness and cooperation with parents. School must provide an evaluation feedback at least once during a school year. The feedback may be given in the form of the intermediate certificate, the evaluation announcement or the evaluation debate. Self-assessment is also in use. Verbal assessment is used for the school year certificate in the 1–3 grades. The grading system used for the evaluation of school year, expressed in numerical form, may be supplemented by verbal evaluation in the 4–6 grades. The intermediate evaluation is carried out as an assessment discussion in the 1–5 grades, a student and the parents are also present. What is additional challenges for the evaluation are, among others, flexible basic education, teaching in hospital and teaching for immigrants.

Organizacja ewaluacji szkół jako formy nadzoru pedagogicznego w Polsce, Anglii i Portugalii. Studium porównawcze

Author(s): Bożena Marzec / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article concerns the subject of pedagogical supervision in Poland comparison with those in England and Portugal – the countries which are the members of the European Union. It contains a brief history of the supervision in Poland after 2009. What is the leading subject is evaluation – its purpose, the way of carrying it out, and the results. In conclusion, the similarities and differences between our country and the others resulting from the measures taken in the field of pedagogical supervision are pointed out.

Ewaluacja jako mistyfikacja nadzoru procesu dydaktycznego

Author(s): Tomasz Kopczyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

„The subject of the article is evaluation perceived as a mystification of didactic supervision. The author indicates the indirect and direct elements influencing this process. Professor Śliwerski describes the evaluation as: „the socialist process of painting grass in green.” The average cost of the evaluation on a national scale amounts to millions of PLN. So what is the outcome of this study? Does the evaluation it costs a taxpayer so much? And if it is actually so expensive, why is its level of suitability and representation of educational reality so low? The author tries to answer these main questions in the article.”

Ewaluacja w oświacie – użyteczna i wspierająca? Z doświadczeń dyrektora szkoły

Author(s): Iwona Łukasiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Evaluation as the form of an educational supervision has taken on a permanent role in the reality of Polish school, totogether with the control of law enforcement and the support of schools, institutions and teachers work. From the very beginning it aroused a lot of fears and emotions in teachers and headmasters. The author of this article experienced this educational evaluation as a headmaster of the school that was subjected to external evaluation and internal evaluation, which was performed within the educational supervision. Can the evaluation be the basis for planning a school development? To what extent can it support the work of teachers and headmaster? In her considerations, the author of this article is trying to find the answers tofor these question.

Profesor Barbara Bogołębska – wybitny naukowiec, wspaniały człowiek

Author(s): Joanna Mikosz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Bibliografia prac Profesor Barbary Bogołębskiej

Author(s): Monika Worsowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Genethliacon Barbarae Bogołębskiej, czyli o potrzebie świętowania urodzin i jubileuszy

Author(s): Beata Gaj / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The majority of popular Polish dictionaries of literary terms, which define even longextinctand specific genres, ex. Japanese or Indian drama, probably do not containany basic information on the genre, appearing in European (and not only) literaturefor at least 23 centuries until this day. Genethliakon is a confirmed genre since thetimes of Kallimach (3rd century B.C.), which honors the birth or anniversary of birth, sometimes of a lyrical, dramatized or rhetoric-epic nature. Nowadays, it is still cultivatedin many languages of the world (also in Latin, accordingly to its tradition). This article shows progression of this genre in the European tradition. First birthdaysongs (most often by recalling the Apollonian connotations), connected the birthof man with light and poetry. What is particularly interesting, the basic features ofgenethliacon’s „genes” have not undergone significant changes over the centuries.Celebrating birth, anniversaries or other jubilees is still associated with wishes,offering gifts – including the creation of poetry. Perhaps such beautiful traditionis worth maintaining by giving someone a self-written song like… Genetliacon Barbarae Bogołębskae dedicatum.

Retoryka jak narzędzie badania naszych myśli: czym jest téchne rhetoriké?

Author(s): Jakub Z. Lichański / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Rhetoric is not only a methodology of the humanities; it is the most important science given to us by ancient philosophers. It defines the methods of argumentation from the uncertain, the theory of texts, but more importantly – it is a tool for organizing our thoughts and preparing works which aim for persuasion – getting the knowledge, not the opinion (Kant). However, as we know, the language we use is extremely unreliable. Plato and Aristotle warned us against that. At the same time, they built the foundations of techne rhetorike, which systemic shape we owe to Quintilianus. Rhetoric, as both – ancient and modern scholars have claimed, is not a grammar dictionary; it is rather an analogue of logic (Volkmann). As Wilhelm Windelband says: “thanks to grammar and rhetoric we have learned the correct rules of thinking”. The author draws not only from the tradition of research on rhetoric, but also from language theory – mainly referring to the tradition of the Viennese Circle (Der Wiener Kreis). As far as the achievements of contemporary linguistics and contemporary research on the philosophical foundations of language research are taken into account – the perspective set by both Immanuel Kant and researchers from the Der Wiener Kreis circle is dominant here. The purpose of this study is not only to remind Windelbad’s thesis, but also to prove it wholistically.

Retoryczne style przedstawiania wiedzy naukowej

Author(s): Maria Załęska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper applies rhetorical framework of three styles (genera dicendi) to highlight some of the communicative practices within the academic discourse. By using persuasive resources of the low style, the authors focus on the rhetorical goal of docere/probare, i.e. to teach/to prove. Ascetic sobriety of the low style suggests no stylization to the readers, which further implies that the content mirrors reality without any rhetorical mediation. In opting for the persuasive resources of the medium style, researchers combine epistemic and aesthetic goals – trying to achieve the rhetorical aim of delectare, i.e. to delight. This intriguing style attracts reader’s attention to the intellectual complexities of the academic text. The high style suits best rhetorical goal of movere, i.e. to move, to ‘call to action’. It presents scientific research as a useful resource and it helps readers while making decisions; hence it is likely to be used by engaged scholars and public intellectuals.

Autopromocja stacji telewizyjnych z perspektywy retorycznej. Techniki perswazyjne

Author(s): Barbara Sobczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on persuasion techniques used by media broadcasters in selfpromotional activities. These techniques are a specific way, in which the broadcaster acts in the communication process. Certain elements of this process can be emphasized or modified in order to increase its impact. The starting point of this article was an assumption, that the selection of persuasive techniques is derivatized from such rhetorical determinants, as the context of functioning of the media (ex. The effects of technological changes: the unification of media products, the exponential increase in the amount of information, the increasing global competition). Also, planned target groups and objective of the broadcaster. The research material allows to distinct persuasion techniques implemented at three levels in self-promotional activities of media broadcasters: 1) ways of transmitting the information (ex. Repetition and targeting audiences), 2) content (ex. positive selection technique, fragmentation, use of the unavailability rule, displaying the benefits from interacting with the medium, increasing the attractiveness of the communication by referring to broadly respected authorities) and 3) the forms of communication (uniqueness technique).

Kreacja z niczego. Propaganda faszystowska w Litzmannstadt

Author(s): Marek Ostrowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses activities of the Nazi propaganda in Litzmannstadt (Nazi name for Lodz, Poland). Said propaganda promoted central concepts of fascist ideology such as Volk, land and leadership in battle. The goal of political and military action was to restore and maintain the cultural domination over other nations. The Nazi state was ethnically, linguistically and racially uniform – it lacked the concept of tolerance towards ethnic minorities. An important feature of this propaganda was its impact on the activities of administrative organs.

Wywiad w początkach swojej historii. Zmiany w realizacji gatunku

Author(s): Małgorzata Kita / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An interview as a form of journalistic genre was created in the first half of 19th century. The authoress is researching how this form was constructed in the first century of its existence. The material used in the article is based on the anthology Press Interviews of All Times by Ch. Silvester. Genre analysis shows that from the beginning interlocutors were people chosen on the basis of having something interesting to say on the subject. From the structural point of view one may say that first interviews had been formed as a dialogue between two people presenting pragmatic quantities: a journalist and a person worth to be published in the newspaper. A form parallel to these were interviews with narrative element, similar to the form of report. The authoress is pointing out the similarities between interview and a report.

Językowa i stylistyczna wielogłosowość publicystyki okolicznościowej

Author(s): Maria Wojtak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article has been conceived as an attempt to characterize a particular press publication in the shape of a genre collection. It is an extra to „Tygodnik Powszechny” (No. 29, 2018) under the title “Festiwal Stolica Języka Polskiego” (“Festival the Capital of the Polish Language)”. The publication reproduces a form of press magazine, since apart from the festival program, it includes: an editorial, interviews, reviews, commentaries and silhouettes of selected participants of the festival. Therefore, we deal with a co-occurrence of particular utterances at a specific place and time, typical for a collection. The function of notification about a cultural event (the festival) and the function of promoting the event can be ascribed to the whole issue. The author analyzes the abovementioned publication in the discursive perspective, and so she draws attention to specified communication practices, typical of contemporary press that create a complicated network of strategies, goals and forms of communication, contributing to the shape of contemporary journalism. The analytic purpose of the article is to present a communication polymorphism of a particular set of press utterances that interpret a specified reality and aim at convincing the readers to this interpretation. Particular utterances are treated as voices, i.e. communicatively (pragmatically) and formally shaped types of language activities.

Filozofia Karola Wojtyły wobec problemu moderny

Author(s): Alfred Marek Wierzbicki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The specificity of Karol Wojtyla’s anthropology is the synthesis of objectivity and subjectivity, which combines alletic and agapical motives. On the one hand, by accepting the modern anthropological turn, he attempts to synthesize classical philosophy of being with the philosophy of consciousness, and on the other, he strives to correct the extreme anthropocentrism of modern thought. The author of the article analyzes Wojtyla’s relationship of awareness and subjectivity with the personal style of the pastoral ministry of John Paul II, who proclaimed man as “the main way of the Church”. The other pillar of analysis is the question about the meaning of human freedom. In Wojtyla’s thought and in the teachings of John Paul II, considerations about freedom as the basic property of human being are combined with a reflection on its ethical dimension.

Interpretacja tekstów w różnych dyskursach

Author(s): Grażyna Habrajska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In terms of communicativism, a discourse is a space of meanings created by interpreting the work – its points remaining in our memory and being evoked only to the degree demanded by our communicational needs. Meanings forming an exemplary discourse constitute a reference base, therefore a specific logic. One must learn how to participate in individual discourses. Considering the general communicational goal and a specific reference base of meaning we can distinguish colloquial, scientific, official, journalistic and artistic discourse. Each of these can contain a specific sub-discourse. Works created within individual discourse or sub-discourse can take both – verbal and visual form and introduce a different set of rules of interpretation, which must be learnt by the person participating in it. Discourses develop and exist in their own interpretational field – widened and improved by its participants. People who do not constantly take part in given discourse fall out of line with its convention. However, we ought to remember that people have different degrees of willingness to participate in each discourse.

O uleganiu pokusie

Author(s): Karolina Dobrosz-Michiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The phenomenon of succumbing to temptation has received many studies in the field of ethnography, sociology or in general – the research on morality. However, its results are different in the case of musings based in social psychology. My review of literature in abovementioned, pointed me to the existence of two dominant research perspectives in the studies on the subject: the perspective of proper resocialization psychology (describing the phenomenon in terms of antisocial behavior) and psychology of morality. The results of studies show that in most cases, people tend to be tempted to take advantages in order to gain some advantages, despite the declared recognition of legal and ethical norms prohibiting the appropriation of other people’s property. This note becomes the starting point for the author of this article. What else, if not legal legalism, can be a buffer to deter a man from temptation? The paper presents the research on the relationship between personality and succumbing to temptation.

Inicjacja przekazu artystycznego

Author(s): Zofia Władyka-Łuczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article “Initiation of the artistic message” is an attempt to answer the question: When and for what reason does the initiation of the artistic message appear? The analysis leading to the final conclusion was carried out on the basis of autoethnographic analysis from the process of creating the „Monument to the Origins of the City of Lodz”. The main theme was the search for the border between the procreative state and the creative one during the artist’s work on the work. The analysis shows that: „Regardless of whether I’m working on a sculpture that was commissioned or sculpted only for myself, the process of initiating pre-creative and creative states looks similar. I always start my work from collecting materials. I proceed as the constructivists want, I carry out the recognition of elements relating to various differential systems. […] I am aware t that the expected state of transition from pre-creative to creative state can occur at any time. Today, after many years, I know that it is not worth assessing the value of the collected materials, the initiation of the creative state will come by itself ”. The essence of initiating a creative attitude is to develop the skill of observing the reality surrounding the artist, and what is more important to develop the skills of extracting from it what already in all this complicated process is what we used to call – inspiration. The boundary of the pre-creative and creative state arises at the moment when the artist makes the decision to transfer the noticed fragment of reality to the work being created. The evaluation of the value of a work of art is a separate issue that has been omitted in the article

Gawęda radiowa – dzieło mistrzów mikrofonu (na przykładzie wybranych audycji Rozgłośni Polskiej RWE)

Author(s): Konrad W. Tatarowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article’s goal is to distinct and characterize both – “Radio Chat” and “Literary Chat”, as well as discuss various genres of “variety shows”, recalling examples of radio pieces created by Zygmunt Nowakowski, Alfred Zbyszewski, Tadeusz Nowakowski, as well as TV programs by Jerzy Waldorf and Bogusław Kaczynski.

Życie jest piękne. Szkic o cyklach reportaży radiowych Fundacji „Głos Ewangelii”

Author(s): Joanna Bachura-Wojtasik,Paulina Czarnek-Wnuk,Kinga Sygizman / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses a series of radio documentaries produced by Evangelical Voice (Głos Ewangelii) Foundation. Life is Beautiful has been analyzed and interpreted in categories of subject, use of acoustic elements and themes of religion and god. Moreover, the selected radio programs allowed to indicate a general style of Evangelical Voice Foundation feature documentaries.

Przeciwko „zglobalizowanej obojętności”. Reportażysta radiowy wobec problematyki uchodźczej

Author(s): Katarzyna Michalak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Following its latest intensification in 2015, the migrant crisis has become one of the most prevalent topics in media. Over the months, the overflow of reports led to public indifference towards refugees’ struggles. The migrants – stereotypically perceived as aliens – were to be treated as expendable and useless, which resulted in growing tensions and social division on the subject. The author of this article intends to prove that a feature, especially a radio one can be one of the ways to encourage dialogue between cultures. Following the thoughts of Ryszard Kapuściński and Emmanuel Levinas, the author claims that encountering “The Other” is amongst the most important challenges of the 21st century. The three radio features analyzed in the article seem to validate the medium of radio as one that may be a way to fight ‘globalized passivity’.