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The article is an analyse of two main strategies which are adopted by feminist and lesbian activists who reinterpret Jewish tradition and ritual. The text shows that lesbians are excluded in both orthodox (conservative) Jewish community and also in liberal movement. I try to present a deep picture of the excluded group situation. However at the same time I present also how lesbian activists reconfigure or reject oppressive patterns and propose their own emancipatory theological ideas. The key question of the text is: if the changes which are presented by feminist and lesbian theology are adopted in different Jewish communities and if they may change the core of Judaism.
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Le texte est l’allocution prononcée par Son Excellence le Grand Rabbin René-Samuel Sirat à l’occasion de la remise du titre de Docteur Honoris Causa de l’Université « Babeş-Bolyai » de Cluj-Napoca, le 18 avril 2007. L’auteur réfléchit sur le rapport religion-laïcité et s’interroge sur la relation entre ces deux termes, a savoir de rivalité ou de complémentarité, en insistant sur la responsibilité des pouvoirs publics dans la formation des cadres religieux ayant une double culture: générale et théologique. L’idée qui résume la pensée de l’auteur est la prevision d’une certaine complicité entre religion et laïcité.
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Documentary Selection from the Final Letters of György Sárközi, György Bálint, Antal Szerb, Miklós Radnóti, Géza K. Havas, Artúr Elek, Gábor Halász, Endre Gelléri Andor, János Honti, Jenő Mohácsi, István Farkas, Károly Pap
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Vázlat, mert annak készült. Sok tekintetben hiányos, befejezetlen. Kó'zlésre mégis alkalmasnak tartom, mert ebben az állapotában is számos információt tartalmaz, és félek, hogy nem tudom bővíteni, befejezni. De attól is tartok, hogy elkallódik, és a múló Idővel "kételkedéssel kell fogadni a régi tórténeteket".
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The paper presents results of ethnographic research on the Jewish community in Szadek. By means of interviews with persons who remember the prewar period information was collected about Jewish people living there in the 1930s, during German occupation, at the time of existence and liquidation of the ghetto, and in the post-war period – return of the survivors and the history of the synagogue and the Jewish cemetery. The picture presented in this article is made up of accounts given by Szadek’s Polish residents. Their reminiscences and descriptions of persons, places, events and situations, culture, traditions and occupations reveal emotions and attitudes towards the Jewish community and throw some light on interpersonal relations.
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The theme of unhappy and persecuted lovers who cannot find peace even after their death is a very old one in European and Eastern literature. Fine plants grow on the grave(s) of the dead lovers striving to unite and gently intertwine as a symbol of eternal love, even a post mortem love of two young people. But even that is forbidden by those who were separating them in life. The best known variant of this motif is the story of Tristan and Isolde's unhappy love. In Spanish and Jewish-Spanish folk literature, however, this motif is known under the title Conde Olinos or Conde Nino. The most beautiful version dates from the 15th century but it is very damaged and frag-mented, so that Ramon Menedez Pidal reconstructed a single text from nu-merous various versions, which should be the closest to the damaged original. Also, in folk literature of Bosnian Jews several versions of the theme remained, known under the title La Sirena. However, they are all in fragments representing Eastern adaptation of this motif. But the things changed when Samuel Elazar, a collector, registered a version of this motif, in 1968, from Merjam Baravram, a housewife from Sarajevo who was 73 at the time. Her version is integer, and by the number of transformations of dead lovers unsurpassed in literature. Its beauty is enchanting, and this is a real gem of Spanish romancero.
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