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Ethno-Political conflicts in the European Union’s Neighbourhood: the Cases of South Ossetia and Abkhazia

Author(s): Laura M. Herţa / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article will focus on ethno-political conflicts in South Caucasus, namely on the nature and dynamic of secessionist movements and resulting breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The second chief interest herein is centred on the European Union’s declared objectives towards conflicts in Georgia. Firstly, the article will briefly analyze the ethno-political strife in the South Caucasus region and the nationalist resurgence after the dissolution of the USSR and will explore the dynamic of ethno-political violence and the way in which threats and enemies were constructed. Secondly, we will survey the evolution of EU’s contractual ties with Georgia, from the loose Partnership and Cooperation Agreement to the post-2004 inclusion of Georgia in the European Neighbourhood Policy. The main theoretical claims supported throughout the entire account is that 1) social-constructivist assumptions provide a coherent understanding of secessionist movements and 2) a clear analysis on the modalities in which international organizations (i.e. the European Union) act as norm-setters and expect norm-internalization.

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Новият социален диалог в контекста на стратегия „Европа 2020“

Author(s): Teodora Kaleynska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses the Europe 2020 Strategy from the perspective of the social dialogue and values. Author discusses the importance of the economic recovery and prosperity for the proper functioning of a mature democracy and citizens’ participation in the political process. the analysis is based on theoretical concepts for the civil society. This paper analyses the Europe 2020 Strategy from the perspective of the social dialogue and values. Author discusses the importance of the economic recovery and prosperity for the proper functioning of a mature democracy and citizens’ participation in the political process. The analysis is based on theoretical concepts for the civil society and it included strategic for the EU documents. This paper analyses the Europe 2020 Strategy from the perspective of the social dialogue and values. Author discusses the importance of the economic recovery and prosperity for the proper functioning of a mature democracy and citizens’ participation in the political process. The analysis is based on theoretical concepts for the civil society and it included strategic for the EU documents.

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Новият председател на Европейския съвет – приемственост или желание за промяна?

Author(s): Gergana Radoykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

As Treaty of Lisbon entered into force, the European Council became integral part of the institutional framework of the European Union. Its main task is to determine the general political direction and priorities of the EU. After each of its meetings, the European Council adopts conclusions identifying specific key issues and outlines specific actions to be taken or objectives to be achieved. In some cases, and can be determined a specific deadline for reaching an agreement on an issue or for preparation of a legislative proposal. Thus, the European Council influences and directs the EU's policy agenda.

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Възможна ли е демой-крацията в Европейския съюз? Институционални траектории след Договора от Лисабон

Author(s): Vihar Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The academic literature in the last few years has been actively discussing the model of demoicracy as an opportunity for sustainable development of the integration process. This article traces the trajectories of the European Union institutions following the Treaty of Lisbon in terms of the model of democracy and draws some conclusions about the potential applicability of this model in the EU.

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Managing Diversity in the EU: From 9/11 to Charlie Hebdo

Author(s): Ayhan Kaya / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper will discuss the transformation of the ways in which the European States have responded to the challenges posed by September 11, Breivik massacre in 2011 and Charlie Hebdo Massacre in 2015. The main premise of the paper is that Charlie Hebdo massacre has recently displayed that major European states such as France and Germany have changed the ways in which they used to frame migration, diversity and Islam. In the aftermath of the September 11, while the EU states preferred to externalize the causes of the structural problems of unemployment, poverty, racism and exclusion by securitizing, stigmatizing, politicizing, culturalizing, religionizing migration and integration issues, they have recently preferred to frame such issues as their own internal problems due to the high cost of the former way of framing the reality and to the detrimental effects of the financial crisis hitting the European space. I assume that such a discursive shift performed by the leading states of the EU is very promising in the sense that the culturalization of what is social, economic and political is likely to come to an end in the EU.

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Как се възприема ЕС през призмата на регионалната политика?

Author(s): Maria Stoicheva,Stelian Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article reviews some necessary changes in the goals and instruments of the implementation of regional policy through the prism of the perception of the European Union among the citizens and the local communities as a factor both for the new approaches in its realization and as a tool for their integration into European ideas and values.

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Public Opinion and EU Accession - Basic in Political Rhetoric

Author(s): Jovan Andonovski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Even though the public support for the European Union (EU) and the process of accession of Republic of Macedonia (RM) into the EU has been a subject of public opinion research from the very beginning of this process, nevertheless this phenomenon has not been investigated thoroughly. The lack of specific and systematic analyses of public attitudes on the process of European integration in Macedonia results with numerous unanswered questions referring to the dynamics of the support for this process and its basic determinants. This fact is even more intriguing since analyses of public opinion in the candidate countries for EU membership can have three key implications for domestic policy: from the outcome for referendum for membership, through the impact of the European integration process on the domestic political debate and electoral rhetoric, up to the impact of the European integration process on the democratic consolidation in the post communist context.1 Therefore, this research intends to fill in this gap through preliminary analyses of the public support for the European integration process in Macedonia in the period 2004-2014. In this context, these analyses pursue two particular goals. The first one is to define the general trends of the public support for Macedonian membership in the EU and to de-construct its dynamics. The second goal is to define the most important determinants of the support for the process of European integration, i.e. to detect the key factors that affect the formation of public attitudes related to this issue.

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The EU Enlargement Policy in the Polish Political Discourse After 2004

Author(s): Magdalena Góra,Natasza Styczyńska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

EU enlargement is a unique EU policy. On the one hand, it is a part of the EU’s external relations and, as frequently argued, one of the most successful elements of the European foreign policy. This specifically holds true for the EU’s enlargement eastwards in the last decade bringing peace, prosperity and stability to the historically turbulent region. On the other hand, the EU enlargement is transforming the EU itself widening its geographical scope as well as enforcing internal reform in order to enhance institutional capacity of the EU.

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Eдин все по-диференциран Европейски съюз

Author(s): Ingrid Shikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Differentiated integration is not a new phenomenon in European integration. It is a process in which countries choose to move at different speeds and/or to different objectives for the common policies of the European Union. This process involves the adoption of various formal and informal arrangements within the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, treaties for the accession of new countries to the Union or beyond.

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Несигурната, но препотвърдена европейска интеграция

Author(s): Vladimir Shopov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Thinking of the EU as trapped in a relentless series of crises is no longer standard approach, but it turned out to be mental and public consensus. Crises are not just ‘the new normal’ for the Union, but its basis is already presumed to be disintegration dynamics that is almost symmetrical to the integration inertia of the latter decades.

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Предизвикателството Brexit пред ЕС и Великобритания: кой печели и кой губи?

Author(s): Monika Moraliyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper presents the significance of Brexit as an event which might lead to tensions negotiations, evaluation of the future EU-UK relations, uncertainties with the trade flows between the bloc and the UK. Author concludes that the referendum on the British membership in the EU is a part of a wider process of problematic relations between the two sides.

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Икономическият и паричен съюз – една година след доклада на петимата председатели

Author(s): Kaloyan Simeonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Establishing the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in the 1990s was, like most of the major EU projects, a compromise within what was achievable at that time. The single monetary policy pursued by the supranational European Central Bank has begun to be combined with the coordination of the economic and fiscal policies of the euro area member states. An imbalance was initially created in the EMU architecture - no matter how strong a coordination of economic and fiscal policies is, it is difficult to successfully complement the single and supranational monetary policy in the euro area. The EU member states continued to take different in terms of directions and impact decisions on their economic development, structural reforms, budgetary discipline and the use of public debt as a tool to influence on or solve problems.

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Equity and Inequities on the Labour Market in the European Union

Author(s): Andreea-Mihaela NITA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Preparing the adherence of Romania and Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007 began more than ten years before, by starting legislative harmonisation in each negotiation chapter which focused on the free movement of goods, people, services and capital. The mobility of people in terms of employment was done with multiple amendments, from the efforts of recognition to temporary restrictions on the easy acquisition of the work permit.

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European Foreign Affairs Between States’ Sovereignty and Union’s Common Policy

Author(s): Alexandra Porumbescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Starting with the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, the European Union has designed new institutions in charge with representing all the member states in matters of international relations with third parties. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the national foreign affairs strategies of the member states, as elements of state sovereignty, and the existence and implementation of the common security policy, as an expression of the union of states.

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Европа накъде?

Author(s): Ivan Nachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

„Europe is facing changes. Thus, when I started writing this text, I chose to put a question mark in the title. It happens to me more and more often to explain the European Union and what is happening or not happening in it through the prism of the multiple question marks. “

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Trade and Economic Cooperation Between China and Central and Eastern European Countries Under the Belt and Road Initiative

Author(s): Jian ZHANG / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since 2012, China and 16 Central and Eastern European countries have signed a series of agreements on how to promote the cooperation between them. It includes ‘12 measures for promoting friendly cooperation in 2012’, ‘Bucharest outline in 2013’, ‘Belgrade outline in 2014’ and ‘Medium-¬term project for both sides in 2015’. These agreements represent both sides’ will and determination to promote the cooperation between the parties. In these agreements trade and economic cooperation is one of the most important parts. As China’s Belt and Road initiative is coming to the next level, it provides a great opportunity to speed up the development of trade and economic cooperation between both sides. It is significant to grab this opportunity and enhance the trade and economic cooperation between both sides, reaching to a win¬-win situation.

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Културата, културите и европейската интеграция

Author(s): Penka Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The topic of this report is culture and cultures in the dual aspect of the rationalization of cultures as well as the different regional, respectively national crops as well as the types of crops that need to be distinguished in the process of European integration, as well as in a globalization aspect.

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Enlargement of the European Union and the Western Balkans

Author(s): Avni Mazreku / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The fall of the communistic regimes in Eastern Europe that began in Poland in 1989 and continued in Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Romania created a prospect of changes for the countries that experienced communist regimes for more than forty years. The success of those changes that can be qualified as democratic revolution also encouraged the constitutive federation units of the Former Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia, populated by non-¬Serbs, to break away from the Serbian¬-dominated, communist-oriented central government. Serious fighting broke out in the summer of 1991, as the northern republics of Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina. While the local Serbs were directly supported by the federal army, controlled and commanded by the Serbian Republic, they pretended to prevent separation from the federation of both republics (Slovenia and Croatia) ‘justifying’ its action by reference to ‘the need for protection’ of the Serbian population in the above mentioned federal units. The brutality of the war had not been experienced on the territory of Europe since World War II as it happened especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Разширяването на Европейския съюз към Западните Балкани през погледна на България

Author(s): Adriana Ivanova,Antonia Dobreva,Denitsa Dimitrova,Maria Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The objective of this report is to analyse the Bulgarian relation with the countries of the Western Balkans in the context of their prospective accession to the European Union. The analysis will focus particularly on Republic of North Macedonia due to its proximity and the significance of the Bulgarian opinion for the enlargement process in the Western Balkans. Authors divided the report on four parts placing the accent on the Bulgarian position on the subject matter.

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Има ли достатъчно разширяване в политиката за разширяване на Европейския съюз?

Author(s): Vili Paskova,Ivelina Ralcheva,Maria Gulyashka,Maria Shopova,Mihaela Tanchovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Europe has experienced series of various crises over the past few years. The European Union (EU) is facing an economic and financial crisis, a refugee crisis and crisis of growing Eurosceptic sentiments. Crises are inseparably connected and demand for proactive decisions and actions from the political leaders. Some of the political parties and their leaders offer the opportunity of leaving the EU as a solution to these problems. Disintegration processes and sentiments for policy diversification are observed in a few member states. The opt-out clauses and the resistance by some countries from deepening the integration and establishing new policy areas in which the EU has exclusive competence is becoming increasingly popular. Several questions arise whether to strengthen or slow down the integration processes. Is it possible to expand and to consolidate simultaneously?

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