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O dorobku nauki o stosunkach międzynarodowych

Author(s): Stanisław Bieleń / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

History of the social sciences at the University of Warsaw presented in the volume includes five main fields: economics, political sciences, psychology, sociology and law. The authors of the texts - specializing in the history of their disciplines - write about the process of their development on the academic level and about the changes they have been subjected within the University. The most important research currents, as well as the most distinguished representatives of the disciplines and their achievements are also reported.

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Reprezentacja interesów polskich organizacji biznesu w Unii Europejskiej – nowe wyzwania i ograniczenia

Author(s): Urszula Kurczewska,Krzysztof Jasiecki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the results of the international comparative studies on the strategy of representation of business organizations in Poland and other European Union states. The author puts forward the thesis that the Polish business organizations are adapting their national lobbying strategies to the requirements of the European scene of representation of interests, but do not take full advantage of the opportunities offered by the EU institutions. Their actions are defensive and often late, and involvement in the consultation procedures is low. The Polish business organizations are undergoing a rapid process of Europeanization and adapting to the conditions of the complex political system of the EU. However, it is a difficult and costly process requiring flexibility and ability to adapt.

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Lobbing organizacji biznesu w sprawie unijnej polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej 2030

Author(s): Łukasz Lisicki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The research presented in this article aims to clarify the influence strategy of the European BusinessEurope organization on the process of formulating the EU climate and energy policy. The article analyses interests and positions of BusinessEurope and its members regarding the objectives of the EU policy for the years 2020–2030, and degree of their convergence and divergence. The results of the research reveal that although the confederation follows both the “logic of membership” and the “logic of influence”, there is no conflict typical of other associations between the two directions. Finally, BusinessEurope had a big impact on the shape of the EU 2030 energy and climate policy, and its lobbying efforts made a significant contribution to enforcing its own interests.

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Polski lobbing wokół ACTA

Author(s): Agnieszka Vetulani-Cęgiel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article analyses the lobbying campaign by Polish social organisations on the ratification by Poland of ACTA, a multinational trade agreement on enforcement of intellectual property rights. The author claims that this case caused a remarkable bottom-up social mobilisation both in Poland and in other EU member states, which significantly contributed to modification of the positions of the national and EU decision-making bodies. It turns out that mass protests and social movements are an effective form of representation of interests, even though their impact and organisational potential are not institutionalised.

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Polska aktywność w Parlamencie Europejskim wobec pokryzysowych wyzwań regulacyjnych

Author(s): Stanisław Kasiewicz,Lech Kurklinski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to assess the participation and activity of the Polish members of the European Parliament. The authors stress that in the situation of over-regulation in the EU policies, the activities of the Polish MEPs are insufficient. They do not represent the interests of the Polish citizens and companies adequately. Furthermore, they are not active in the most important for the economy parliamentary committees and have no coherent strategy for participating in the legislative work. Moreover, there is no substantive support for the MEPs and the ability to build alliances and coalitions. Because of these weaknesses, the interests of Poland are not well and effectively represented in the European Parliament.

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Ustrojowe i prawne uwarunkowania reprezentacji interesów oraz lobbingu w Polsce

Author(s): Leszek Graniszewski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The group interests have gained a positive legitimacy in the state as a political community relatively recently. However, the state institutions should be immune to the excessive influence of interest groups if they seek additional pension. The high quality of civil society encourages implementing such a goal. The civil society organizations should not only control the governing bodies, but also participate in the policy-making through their representatives in various social organizations.

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Europeizacja grup interesu na Ukrainie

Author(s): Agnieszka K. Cianciara / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article characterizes the Europeanization process of interest groups in Ukraine in the perspective of the objectives of the European Neighbourhood Policy and Eastern Partnership. It analyses the activity of the representation of the Ukrainian business in Brussels, as well as the forms of Europeanization of the big business organizations and small and medium enterprises. This issue is presented with regard to national political and institutional conditions (the specificity of the Ukrainian party system, the oligarchic system, the state of the economy and the impact of the free trade agreement with the European Union).

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Europeizacja tureckich organizacji biznesu

Author(s): Jakub Wódka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to analyse the work of business associations with different ideological affiliations – TÜSIAD and MÜSIAD. The main thesis is that the Turkish business organizations are important agents Europeanizing / democratizing the Turkish state, at the same time they are important addressees and recipients of European socialization impulses. In the process of Turkey’s accession to the European Union, non-governmental organizations are playing an increasingly important role. The process of integration with the European Union, which accelerated in the 1990s, and participation of the Turkish entrepreneurs in the regional and transnational networks have broadened the scope of involvement of business associations and their impact on the institutions of the Turkish state.

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Rachid Mimouni ou l’ironie qui met à nu tout un système politique

Author(s): Elena-Brândușa Steiciuc / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Rachid Mimouni, one of Algeria’s most prominent writers during the last decades of the XX thcentury, had a very ironical view of the political system on his country, during the years after the Independence war against France. Like Rachid Boudredra or Nabil Farès, during the same epoch, he criticized the corruption of the ruling class and the rising Islamism. This is why the article attempts to show the ironical side of two of his best-known novels (Le Fleuvedétourné, 1982 and L’Honneur de la tribu, 1989) in which dictatorship is pointed at, both of these writings being parables which mock, in an allegoric way, the political rulers.

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Considerații privind unele efecte generate de divergențele jurisprudențiale apărute între Curtea Constituțională și Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție din perspectiva comunicării dreptului.

Author(s): Claudiu Ramon Butculescu,Cosmin Crețu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This paper tries to briefly address some of the legal effects deriving from communication of law generated by the jurisprudence of the High Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania and the Constitutional Court of Romania. During the recent years, certain legal interpretation divergencies were notices between the jurisprudence of the Courts. In both civil and penal matters brought before these Courts, their jurisprudence comprised sometimes contradicting solutions in similar cases. In addition to the introductory aspects that will be presented in this paper, regarding the communication of law and the role of jurisprudence as a possible source of law, we will also describe some concrete situations dealing with the divergence of opinion from judicial practice of the above mentioned Courts

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Conturarea unei noi ordini mondiale în contextul de pandemie

Author(s): Cristina-Monica Kassai / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In just a few weeks, the world order has shifted to another logic, that of the threat from an invisible enemy, which is not a state factor. From a geopolitical point of view, states accept the existence of systemic consensus levels, but in the face of this threat the only solution was to declare a state of emergency, followed by a state of alert, bringing increasingly drastic measures in response to the biggest sanitary crisis in the last 100 years. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the worst challenges the world has ever faced. In addition to the cost of living and the deep health crisis, the world is experiencing an economic downturn that will have a serious impact on the well-being of a large part of the population in the coming years. States had to reform their economic governance in the wake of the pandemic crisis. With regard to the impact on environmental law, we must draw attention to the facts resulting from the government rules imposed. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the administration of environmental law can be exemplified by the temporary relaxation of the application of environmental regulations and fines.

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Unele considerații privind cooperarea instituțională pentru documentarea infracţiunilor de terorism

Author(s): Cristian Popa,Romeo-Ioan Gârz / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Taking into consideration the fact that the activity with the purpose of ensuring the national security carried out by the Romanian Service of Intelligence, emphasizes serious acts and facts likely to alter the national security values which correspond juridically to terrorism crimes. The Romanian Service of Intelligence, within the framework of its legal attributions and competencies, cooperates with the Public Ministry and with the other enabled institutions of criminal investigation. The cooperation between the Romanian Service of Intelligence and the other enabled institutions of criminal investigation documenting the terrorism crimes, aims at supporting the efforts bashed for fighting and preventing terrorism, a rather clandestine phenomenon whose prerequisites in investigation call for special techniques, that reside mainly within the authority, as the law stipulates, of the state institutions for ensuring the national security.

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Harmonisation of higher education system for the purposes of public administration efficiency improvement – some of the propositions for successful reform implementation

Author(s): Jelena Dujmović Bocka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper the author addresses the issue of recognition of the harmonization process as a significant part of higher education system reform in the Republic of Croatia. The first part of the paper emphasizes neo(institutionalism) as a theoretical approach, which has once been used in conducting empirical research, while at the same time confirming both the hypothesis that the national systems are more frequently being harmonized, as well as its sub-hypothesis, that the harmonization of national systems of higher education is mostly the result of Europeanisation process (along with its corresponding indicators – the Bologna process implementation, international collaboration – inter-institutional cooperation between institutions of higher education, project activities, European higher education politics, teaching and non-teaching staff mobilities). The basis for the paper refers to the Bologna process, that has been recognised as the key contributor for harmonization with the European system of higher education and has, as such, been implemented into the Croatian system of higher education. The necessity for applying the same and/or similar institutional propositions, that is, the necessity for approaching the common model is considered to be the centre of reform goals. The final part of the paper presents the results of a part of the mentioned research, which verify the aforementioned hypothesis and its sub-hypothesis and refer to specific propositions which should be taken into consideration for more successful reform implementation in one of the most significant public administration areas, public service, or better said, higher education system as part of public service.

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Space forces and the purpose of excuse for the militarization of outer space: an international crime against peace

Author(s): Adnan Jashari,Stefani Stojchevska,Vedije Ratkoceri / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Triggered by the recent establishment of the U.S. Space Force, the concept of developing national space forces raises many questions concerning peace and humanity, which simultaneously contradict the guarantee of peace and safety. It is generally assumed that the militarization of outer space manifested by space forces would represent a symbol of the threatening power and dominance of space-faring nations. Considering outer space as a contemporary war zone, however, would legally represent a violation of the Outer Space Treaty, even though the treaty itself contains major loopholes legally allowing hostile extraterrestrial activities. The main purpose of this paper is to legally analyze the militarization of outer space from two contrasting perspectives: national security versus international crime against peace, where national predispositions that lead to the initiation of extraterrestrial wars of aggression are recognized as international crimes against peace, meaning that space forces would likely run afoul of international space law.

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General issues regarding the risk of water pollution

Author(s): Lidia-Lenuța Bălan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Global water resource protection policy has, over time, undergone a constant process of transformation and adaptation, in the sense that it has faced a number of challenges and uncertainties dominated by economic, political, cultural, climatic and to solve the problems generated by humanity through the actions taken for its survival and wellbeing on earth. For its welfare there has been a substantial increase in civilization, for some states, and an accepted technological and scientific progress, but which over time have unbalanced and degraded the environment and especially there have been massive pollution of water resources. This material discusses general elements on the risks of water pollution with a summary classification of forms of pollution and a summary of the legal instruments governing the area in question, with a presentation of the risks to humanity and the environment in general. The protection against any forms of degradation and pollution of water resources is done by sustaining and streamlining the field with the involvement of all actors in the world, from the public to the private sector.

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Challenges and Achievements of European Education Ministers on Information Exchange and Collaboration within the European Economic Community between 60s and 80s

Author(s): Cristina-Iulia Gîlă / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article examines the concerns of all national education systems in Europe regarding exchanges of information, ideas and collaborations since the beginning of the configuration of the European Community in the 1960s. The idea of working together member states for a better future for the younger generation was found both in the documents of the Conferences of Heads of State on Education and in the consultations of education experts. This was pointed out by education ministers, such as Edgar Faure or Olivier Guichard, in France, who made strong arguments, demonstrating responsibility for action for future generations. Although the beginning was difficult, in the 1960s the documents referred to the education of the children of migrant workers, the importance of learning modern languages, the recognition of diplomas.In the 1980s, meetings at the level of education ministers highlighted a deepening and strengthening of cooperation to adapt language teaching models, expand the study of European history and European institutions in secondary education increasing access to education for children with special needs, setting up school spaces for language learning, but especially the creation of a European Centre for Education.

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On Community in the Political Theology of Jacob Taubes

Author(s): Daniel Tincu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The present paper aims to analyse through a systematic approach the notion of “community” encountered in the works of Jacob Taubes. Under a theologico-political scenario, the author discusses the political framework of Saint Paul in his Letter to the Romans. According to Taubes, the Apostle inaugurates a new type of sovereignty — acquired by the grace of God, and not by the divine law. Ultimately, the plan of Paul is to create a new “life” for the community of Christians through spirit (gr. πνεῦμα) and the highest form of love (gr. ἀγάπη). According to the author, the Letter to the Romans perfectly illustrates the transformation of the political, where the idea of hierarchy is replaced with the one of equilibrium; under this equation religion is not authority, but participation in community. From a more practical point of view, the political theology of Jacob Taubes is interested in answering the following dilemma: how is it possible for a community that sees its Lord crucified on the Cross not to create rebellions, but, on the contrary, to generally cultivate an obedient attitude towards state authority? Ultimately, while mapping the author’s understanding of community, the paper also brings into attention what the transformation of the political means for Taubes and why political theology is the scenario that accommodates the revolutionised community.

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Public Support for the EU in Times of Crisis and the Drivers of Euroscepticism

Author(s): Iuliana-Lăcrămioara Tincu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the context of the economic, political and social crises that unfolded during the recent years, the European Union had to withstand a growing pressure from the part of its dissatisfied citizens. The long-term effects of the economic crisis, the limited ability to manage refugee flows or the difficulty to come up with joint solutions to pressing issues have highlighted the shortcoming of the EU as a political system, while also giving rise to growing criticism from EU citizens and the loss of their trust. The 2016 referendum vote of British citizens that subsequently led to what came to be known as “Brexit” could be perceived both as a crisis and as an outcome of the growing popular dissatisfaction and protest from the part of British citizens. Consequently, the present article aims to explore the connections between recent crises and the evolution of European citizens’ attitudes in relation to the EU and the integration process as a whole. This perspective could ultimately shed some light on the roots and drivers of Euroscepticism in the context of an inability of the EU as a political system to channel the solidarity of Member States towards common solutions and to cope with the existing social, economic, and cultural divisions in Europe.

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The Fight against Corruption in Sport: International and National Experience

Author(s): Vasile Triboi,Natalia Nastas / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Corruption is a particularly dangerous scourge, which encompasses the whole of society, all spheres of human activity, and by virtue of this, it also encompasses education, whether we want to recognize it or not.Corruption flourishes in times of great social unrest, in times of crisis that societies are going through, especially in the period of transition from a totalitarian regime to a democratic society.The factor generating corruption is the socio-economic crisis, having as causes: weakening of state authority, degradation of living standards, altered moral judgment, lack of effective control levers, diminished public confidence in institutions and social values, non-adaptation of legislation to economic and social conditions and so on Sport is one of the largest businesses in the world, being influenced and influencing in turn both financial and political interests. Every year, millions of dollars and Euros circulate in this area, most of the transactions and agreements taking place behind closed doors, in order to keep any possible advantage over the competition. This fierce competitiveness, together with the lack of transparency, makes the sports field extremely vulnerable to corruption acts.Summarizing the results of our study, we can conclude: the fight against corruption is an opportunity for beneficiary institutions, which can strengthen and improve their systems for preventing and combating corruption and money laundering and asset recovery, by reference to worldwide first-class practices and standards. Following intense consultations with all beneficiaries in the Republic of Moldova: Minister of Education, Culture and Research, National Olympic and Sports Committee, Paralympics’ Committee, Sports Federations and other structures in the country, in order to ensure effective support in the field of physical culture and sports. The direct relations with the interested actors contribute to the creation of a positive framework, which will favour the general success of the future activities that will take place in obtaining the expected results.

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Shared Management between the European Commission and Romania on the Implementation of European Structural and Investment Funds

Author(s): Iulian Miserciu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The European Commission (EC) and Romania ensure a shared management of European funds and the principles governing the current financial framework are those of sound financial management. For each operational program, European regulations make mandatory the existence of the following authorities: the management body (MA), the certifying body (CA) and the audit institution (AA), which must operate independently of each other. Each Member State has the freedom to create its own institutional framework, if the three authorities mentioned in the European regulations are clearly defined and delineated.The present article aims to present whether the management and control system (MCS) implemented at the Romanian level is too bureaucratic if too many authorities have been created on the European Commission's cash flow. At the same time, some of the main causes will be identified, which may lead to a lack of beneficiaries' interest in accessing the funds allocated to certain programs. Some of these cases originate from the 2007-2013 programming period where Romania was sanctioned by the European Commission with many financial corrections due to systemic irregularities identified in the process of public procurement procedure, the evaluation and selection process projects. At the same time, the lack of funding due to the failure to complete some projects in time in December 2015 will be considered, as it is compulsory to ensure the necessary public and private financial resources from the own local budgets or from the state budget in order to be able to be finished.

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