Łączyła i dzieliła. Karmiła i zabijała
The smugglers corrupted both sides. From Polish customs officers they knew where the German Schupo was.
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The smugglers corrupted both sides. From Polish customs officers they knew where the German Schupo was.
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Last quarter of the 13th Century was a period when medieval Bosnian state reached its peak in territorial expansion and military strength. These accomplishments were followed by the elevation of the influence and reputation, so the Bosnian ruler, ban Tvrtko I, sought new ways to enhance his power and status. Tvrtko accomplished that in October 1377 when he was crowned as the king of the Serbs, Bosnia and Primorje. With that ceremony medieval Bosnian state entered in the exclusive circle of medieval kingdoms. However, the source material about this event unfortunately is very scarce. One of the most important written material that contain king Tvrtkos’ own view on his ruling ideology, is the charter from April/June 1378 issued to the Republic of Ragusa. Also, regarding the inner composition of the charter it represents the crossroad in praxis of the Bosnian courtly chancery, when eastern Serbian/Byzantine influence took primacy. In that regard this charter is of big significance for the Slavic studies as well.
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Dankow appears in the pages of history at the beginning of the 13th century. The town wasonce situated on the trail leading from Sieradz to Kraków, on the border of Little Poland, Silesiaand Great Poland, at the crossing of the Liswarta River. Danków was probably owned by theRogowski family in the 14th century, and by the Kobylański family in the 16th century. In the17th century, the new owners, the Warszycki family, had their residence here and raised bastionfortifications that remain to this day.Archaeological research on a survey carried out in 2014 aimed at a preliminary determi-nation of layers in the fortified bastion. Activities concentrated on the only apparent element ofsecular building in the castle, that is the ruins of the so-called Castellans House. The results ofthe partial investigation suggest that it may be associated with residential buildings that existedprior to the construction of the fortification. A skeleton burial, discovered in the wall surroundingthe church, may confirm hypotheses about land use predating the castle’s fortress. Combiningthe discovery of this tomb with information from written sources, this article suggests that thearea occupied in the 17th century by the current church already functioned as a cemetery thatmight be associated with an older, perhaps medieval, temple. The preliminary research gathereda collection of movable relicts, the oldest of which dates from the 15th century. The area coveredby the study does not ascertain any presence of cultural layers associated with the operation ofthe castle. Presumably these were destroyed during levelling and agri-technical works.
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This article is part of a broader research project entitled Conscience as a philosophicalproblem. Although the conscience itself is often seen as falling within the category of religion,its philosophical dimension has always been present in the moral culture of the West. A sub-di-scipline of philosophical anthropology has since developed – the philosophy of conscience. Thisarea of study opens up consideration of the ethical challenges of the new century in a promisingmanner.The proposed analysis is designed as an introduction to philosophical knowledge of theconscience, and covers three areas of research: 1) conscience in the moral culture of the West;2) conscience in philosophical anthropology; and 3) conscience in moral philosophy.
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Fotoreportaż. Wiejski fotograf na Ponidziu zapisuje w kadrach bliski mu świat. Uratowana spuścizna Mieczysława Pragnącego.
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On the basis of previously unpublished archival documents, the research follows the directions, volumes, forms and types of charitable activities aimed at the needs of the troops during the military conflict of 1904-1905 by representatives of the Bessarabian nobility. By the end we show that Bessarabian aristocrats actively provided the army and navy with all-round assistance (money and material supplies) during the Russo-Japanese War. Also, the Bessarabian nobility actively participated in the formation of sanitary trains dispatched to the Far East, as well as in the manufacture of dressings for hospitals.
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The article discusses some of the aspects of the broadly understood social life of peasantry in western Lesser Poland at the turn of the 18th century, which was a period of dynamic geopolitical and social changes brought about by, among others, the Partitions of Poland, as well as social and legal reforms introduced at the time. Special attention was given to the following issues: relations within the peasant community, peasants’ participation in the village self-government and their attitude towards the clergy, as well as the matter of the social awareness, religiousness and customs and traditions of peasants. Of course, the study does not fully explore the problems, but it points at issues that need to be further examined within systematic research.
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This paper is devoted to one of the currents of the Montenegrin contemporary drama – the phenomenon of “black drama”. Director Niko Goršič, which is actively working in Montenegro – recognized the potential of texts that were formed in this spirit and he briefly characterized their specificity. “Black drama” shows first of all connection with women’s playwriting which is involved, emerging and evolving since the 90s of the twentieth century. In these dramas are present current issues concerning the redefinition of identity, sexual freedom, breaking taboos, economic and political changes. Playwrights describe restrictive practices in culture of patriarchy and customary law of Montenegro viewed from the perspective of women. High sensitivity to any confounding psychological and social woman, her position and function in society and culture appears not only in women’s playwriting. Confrontations between history and present, tradition and modernity, femininity and masculinity, hope and disillusionment, micro- and macrostory are most fully reflected in the tragedies by Radmila Vojvodić (Princess Xenia of Montenegro, Montenegro blues), Nataša Nelević (Eggs) and Ljubomir Đurković (Tobelija, Cassandra. Clichés).
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During the years 1934-1941 the Yugoslav Security Services recorded numerous single and group manifestations of Bulgarian national consciousness of the Vardar Macedonia population.
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The main objective of the article is to determine the territorial scope of the Great Moravian territory of Nitra based on an analysis of archaeological sources. Specific cultural manifestations identified in the focal area of the Danube lowland delimit the studied territory from the settlement of adjacent regions of Slovakia and from the central settled territory in the Morava River basin. An interpretation of the results, supported by a comparison with written sources and linguistic data a new view of the social-political identity of the Nitra population.
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The exposition is dedicated to the functionary of the Macedonian-Adrianople movement Vladimir Nikolov Kanazirev, a native of the town Mehomia (today Razlog). The study aims to show his merits and contributions to the development of the Bulgarian national liberation movement in the historic range of several decades. Vladimir Kanazirev walks complex and dynamic way, full of revolutionary and military practice, a number of theoretical concepts and conceptual metamorphoses, but closely following a single goal - Bulgarian national ideal and the liberation of enslaved Macedonia.
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Up to now the fact of coming to power in Russia in October, 1917 of the left bloc (RSDRP (b) and left socialist-revolutionary) is obviously underestimated in modern historical literature and human consciousness. However both parties recognized the soviet power and formed coalition government, even not at once. Such coalition had existed in local authorities. On the basis of contemporary records, memoirs and historical literature the author analyses how this coalition was realized in Luga’s region. The choice of the region is nonrandom. Luga’s region as a large railway junction in the nearest neighborhood to Petrograd played a strategic role in Autumn 1917. War contingents that were located in Luga and its surroundings also played significant role for those who proclaimed the Soviet power in Petrograd. The article contains the reconstruction of the history of the Luga Soviet and cooperation between bolsheviks and socialists-revolutionaries on the local level. It passed through several phases: December 1917 — March 1918, April–June 1918, July–August 1918. Analysis of relations between parties on the local level had made it possible to realize the process of curtailment of cooperation and transition to single-party system. Undoubtedly, conclusions made in the article enlighten the process of establishment of the Soviet statehood.
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The article examines the reform agenda in Macedonia in October 1903 in the gendarmerie, judiciary and tax systems. Implementation of reforms is followed by reports of Romanian consuls Lazar Duma and Dimitrie Gika to the Ambassador in Constantinople and the Minister of Foreign Affairs in Bucharest.
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Współcześnie zwracamy się ku edukacji małego dziecka mającej na celu rozbudzenie wśród najmłodszych poczucia przynależności do Małej Ojczyzny. Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie analizy wyników przeprowadzonych badań dotyczących znajomości dziedzictwa kulturowego regionu wśród dzieci 3, 4 i 5-letnich. Problem badań został zawarty w następującym pytaniu: Jaka jest wiedza dzieci 3, 4 i 5-letnich na temat dziedzictwa kulturowego regionu? Metodę moich badań stanowił sondaż diagnostyczny. Jako technikę badań zastosowano test obrazkowy. Badania przeprowadzono w jednym z przedszkoli na terenie Podhala. Analiza zgromadzonego materiału badawczego potwierdza konieczność realizowania w placówkach wychowania przedszkolnego zagadnień mających na celu rozbudzanie poczucia tożsamości regionalnej.
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Zdravko Tolimir is one of the fve high-raniking offers of the Army of Republic of Srpska who were today convicted before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) for the crime of genocide against Muslims (Bosniaks) in Srebrenica in 1995.
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