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Photography is a unique medium that can convey information about events and actors of the past for the present. This is where its primary value lies as a historical source; and this is what can be used in historical research in versatile ways. At the same time, a photographic image can go beyond its primary documentary character by also attesting to its past and present audience as well as cultural, ideological, and power relations. The essay explores the statement that a photograph – as any narrative or visual representation – is both interpretation and selection at once. Further, Elek examines the ways in which a photograph can interpret and select, that is, the layers of meaning that the very characteristics of the medium has to offer for historical research. Following a brief overview of the theory of photography, the essay moves on to tackle questions of the visual turn, and the attributes of the technical image. The author then turns to the issue of memory in photography from the angle of memory studies, which have been the subject of increasing attention in historical research in general. The study aims to demonstrate that using photography as a historical source necessitates uncovering a number of various meaningful layers. Raging from the motifs found in the image, the subject of the image, and the technological fac- tors, through the institutional background conceiving and adopting it, to the paradigms of the history of science, many factors are involved in the ways we integrate visual sources into the study of past and present society.
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The Macedonian Scientific Insitute (MSI) - Sofia, for the past 8 years, has followed and analyzed the difficult development of the democratic process in the Republic of Macedonia, which received its first international admission of its official name by our state - Republic of Bulgaria.
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Romania was the last European country to offer equal rights to its Jews, as it granted them citizenship only after the First World War. In 1909/1910, a handful of Romanian Jewish leaders founded the Union of Native Jews (Uniunea Evreilor Pământeni), which aimed to unify all Romanian Jews in their fight against antisemitism and for emancipation. The Union understood itself as a true political organisation, which sought to achieve its political goals “by the country and within the country”. Obviously, this statement came as a reaction to the main nationalist narrative, which suspected Romanian Jews of either instigating or at least providing the pretext for the Great Powers to interfere in Romania’s domestic affairs. However, it also reflected the Union’s conviction that fighting for equal rights was above all in the interest of Romanian Jews and had to be achieved first and foremost out of their own volition and through their own efforts. This article focusses on the Union’s history prior to the First World War and analyses the Union’s policies towards the Jewish population, the Romanian state, and towards Western Jewish organisations.
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Hand weaving has become a part of our cultural identity by developing within the century-old adventure that has started to meet the needs and to protect from the natural conditions by using the materials that people find in their environment. Flat weaving, which has an important place in hand weaving, has been produced for the needs without commercial care, and has been the common memory products reflecting the traditions, customs, feelings and tastes of the weaving community and a weaver. Flat weavings are kilim (rug), cicim (rug woven), zili (sili) and sumac known as downy textiles other than carpets. The Çal district of Denizli province is one of the districts where flat weaving samples are found. In this study, size, material, technique, color and pattern (yanış) names of the flat weaving samples found in Kabalar village of Çal district were intended to be identified and recorded. For this purpose, the region was visited; the rugs, bags, saddlebags and sacks that were found to be weaved in the village were photographed; the data about the weavings were obtained by using the interview method with the individuals who hold these weavings. As a result of the research, it is observed that flat weavings are no longer weaving in the region; the number of individuals who know weaving is gradually decreasing; yarns used in the woven samples are blended with wool and cotton; the names of the pattern (yanış) used in weavings are not remembered by new generations and it has been determined that rugs are named according to their ornaments as “lighter (Çakmacık), four lakes (dört göllü), fractured pattern (kırık yanışlı) ve three wells (üç kuyulu)”.
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The problem of the existence of a Bulgarian population in Albania in the past has been touched upon in historical writings rather incidentally. It has been a topic of interest for such eminent historians and philologists such as the academicians Iv. Snegarov, L. Miletich, M. Popruzhenko, D. Yaranov, etc. Special interest in that problem was also demonstrated by the famous Russian professor A. M. Selishchev who dedicated a whole monograph to it.
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Thе paper discusses some applications of the image of the 'Apostle' of the Bulgarian freedom Vasil Levski during the communist and post-communist decades in Bulgaria. The survey examines a chronologically wide empirical territory outlined by the socialist press and literature of the 1960s and 1970s, but also approaches models of interpretation in two contemporary lyrical anthologies devoted to the 'Apostle' (2000 and 2017). Models of ideological „absorption“ of the figure of the 'Apostle' are analyzed in the context of the socialist anniversary procedures most of which are dominated by the marking of his death. The text focuses further on specific cases that reconstruct totalitarian imagery and language practices in representative artistic editions from the last two decades of XX century.
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In this article, the author briefly referred to the life and work of Mustafa Kamarić, an almost forgotten professor at the Faculty of Law in Sarajevo, and the correspondent member of the Academy of Sciences and Art of Bosnia and Herzegovina, born in Gračanica. In the first part of the article, the author writes about Kamarić's youth, education and studies at the Faculty of Law, after which he writes about his employment in Belgrade, where he was in the first ranks of young Bosniak intelligentsia as a cadet, drawing attention not only as an activist, but also as a talented researcher of the then social circumstances and conditions in which the Bosniaks lived. At the same time, he was engaged in the social and cultural life of Gračanica, especially during the summer holidays and shorter excursions to his hometown. Bearing in mind that this theme has been discussed quite a lot so far, this article focuses more on the more mature era of this intellectual, his work at the Law Faculty in Sarajevo, and the contribution to the development of the legal thought, as well as his remarkable engagement in professional and social circles, especially in the highest authorities and bodies of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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The author has distinguished the second part of his paper into four sections. He considers closely the problem of the so-called Macedonian nation with a view to its political conception and its present state-of-the-art. For this purpose, the author uses the theoretical background of his first paper and the references available, as well as the historical sources related to that subject.
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The fate of the old Genitive (of the type ...) in the history of the Bulgarian language is of particular interest to those studying the nominal declension, since that was a very rare case even in the 9th-11th cc. As early as in Old Bulgarian, the Possessive Genitive used to be substituted either by possessive adjectives (... instead of ...) or by Possessive Dative which assumed its function.
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The purpose of the article. The publication attempts to determine the iconography, the manner of painting and dating of the folk art monuments from the wooden church decoration of the Central Ukraine in the first half of the XVIII century. Methodology. Within the framework of the article and on the basis of the art research studies, the main task is the introduction of the folk art monument, i.e. the Shroud from the Descent of the Holy Spirit in the village Shkarivka, Bilotserkivskyi district, Kyiv region, into the scientific circulation. Scientific Novelty. In the study, the attention of the scientific community is focused on the art studies research of the discovered unique folk art monument. The work proposed for publication is part of the research results on the development and modification of the decoration of wooden church architecture on the territory of Central Ukraine in the first half of the XVIII century. Conclusions. According to the results of the author's art studies of iconographic and stylistic features of the painting, the Shroud of the Church of the Holy Spirit's Descent in the village Shkarivka, in Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region, we have grounds to include them in the artistic heritage of the XIX century with possible later additions.
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Рецензія на монографію Марини Бардік “Оновлення монументального живопису Успенського собору Києво-Печерської лаври і Софії Київської в першій половині ХІХ століття” монографія. Київ, 2019. 310 с. : іл / The review of: Bardik M. A. „ Renewal of the Monumental Paintings in the Kiev Assumption Cathedral – Pechersk Lavra and Sophia of Kiev in the first half of the 19th century: monograph. Kyiv, 2019. 310 p.: Illus.
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