Studená válka mezi Východem a Západem
An interview with Mark Kramer about the Cold War between the East and the West.
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An interview with Mark Kramer about the Cold War between the East and the West.
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Review of: Kisielewski Tadeusz A. "Sikorski – spiknutí. Na stopě vrahů polského generála" Jota, Brno 2009, 390 pages by: Petr Kubík
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The establishment of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR) as a political platform for the anti-Stalinist opposition as of November 1944 and the operations of the Armed Forces of the Committee for the Liberation of the People’s of Russia (VS-KONR), particularly the First Infantry Division of the VS-KONR (the 600th Infantry (Russian) Division in German terminology) are historically linked with Prague. The testimony of the German liaison commander Helmut Schwenninger is a specific document on this division’s deployment on the Oder front and its subsequent advance into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In a succinct, diary style, he describes the actions and behaviour of the Russian commanders, including Lieutenant General Andrey Andreyevich Vlasov and the division commander General Sergei Kuzmich Bunyachenko. In view of the fact that he accompanied the staff of the First Infantry Division in Kozojedy (29 April-3 May 1945) and in Suchomasty (4-8 May 1945), and was with it during its subsequent surrender to units of the Third U.S. Army, he also became a witness to its dealings with the command of the Army Group Centre, especially Field Marshall Ferdinand Schorner, and with representatives of the Czech resistance movement. He also witnessed its tragic end, when a substantial portion of its officers fell into the hands of the Red Army and SMERSH units.
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The units known as Polizeiverstärkung and later verstärkte SS-Totenkopfstandarten were a transitional stage in the evolution of armed SS divisions. Their importance to the Reichsfuhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler was based on their independence from the army and the police. Another important element in their existence was the fact that they effectively operated in a legal vacuum and enabled the SS to purposely sidestep the army, which had obstructed the development of armed SS divisions. In the first half of the 1930s, they were formed as a means of ensuring the internal political pacification of Germany in the event of a military conflict, but in view of the general widening of the role of the SS in Nazi expansion plans, they were given newly formulated objectives in 1939. Officially, they were identified as policing divisions and most of them were employed as occupant units safeguarding German interests in occupied territories. In occupied Poland, they even participated in the first extermination operations. From the autumn of 1939 to the summer of 1940, the verst. SS-Totenkopfstandarten also comprised the predominant part of SS forces in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Initially, these “police reinforcements” were primarily meant to ensure the security of industrial enterprises and arms transports to the Reich. Nevertheless, they soon assumed responsibility for guarding German administrative and police authorities in Bohemian and Moravian capital cities and they simultaneously fulfilled a representative role. Despite a lack of personnel and material equipment, they also comprised a strong auxiliary force in the case of extraordinary events. Their most signifi cant action in this role took place on 17 November 1939 when they occupied university buildings and were also responsible for the execution of student leaders who were arrested. Although the verst. SS-Totenkopfstandarten were eventually used for policing purposes, they never became part of the German police corps. The ambitions of the SS extended further and, from the outset, the SS-T.St. were trained as military units even though they were never used for combat purposes throughout their existence in the years 1939 – 1940. Moreover, the Wehrmacht did not recognise service in these divisions as the fulfilment of compulsory military service. After the creation of the Waffen-SS, the verst. SS-Totenkopfstandarten gradually became superfluous. Consequently, they began to be disbanded in 1940 as part of extensive changes in the organisational structure of the Waffen-SS. As such, they were partly dissolved and their potential was used to augment existing units or to create new ones. The remainder were transformed into motorised infantry regiments and included in the formation of SS brigades and divisions. The reorganisation reflected the general trend in the development of the Waffen-SS, i.e. its conversion into a powerful military force (even though a number of SS units continued to be used exclusively for repressive purposes). In Germany and the occupied territories, including the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, the verst. SS-Totenkopfstandarten were replaced by specialised divisions. The training of recruits continued to be provided by replacement battalions for individual SS regiments and buildings were watched by newly created SS guard battalions.
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Review of: Sedláček Tomáš – Plachý Jiří "Vydržet! Paměti generála Tomáše Sedláčka" Ministerstvo obrany České republiky – AVIS, Prague 2008, 190 pages by: Jan Kalous
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In preventing and combating terrorism, it is necessary to promote effective multilateralism, international law with the foundation in the field. The threat of international terrorism requires multi-lateral consensus - based measures of the states.
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Modeled for politico-military realities that began to change in the last decade of the last century, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was made in the face of new challenges. In order to demonstrate the credibility of and attachment to values they defend its establishment, but also to effectively manage the new risks and threats specific to the post-cold war period, NATO initiated a profound process of adaptation to the new conditions.
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Our research presents the complex dimension of the role EU plays on the global security and stability, on preventing and managing crisis and conflicts, on combating non-military risks.
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Logistics is an evolving field, which has known many restructuring and transformation caused by the characteristics of the economic environment and new concepts for employing forces in crisis response operations.
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In this article are presented, in a short manner, technological and scientific evolution in the area of military communications and IT systems and equipment, over the last 40 years, and their proven influence, demonstrated by some real military actions that took place during this period, in planning and performing military actions and also in efficient use of all systems of weapons available to modern armies. In the last part, some evaluations and conclusions are drawn regarding relevant to this area evolution in the Romanian army and their effects, more or less positive, over a medium and long time span.
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Today the military experts use in theaters of operations, permanent surveillance of terrestrial systems, without clarifying what are they, what is their availability and, especially, how they are used thereof.That is why in this article we try to bring some clarification in this regard and show some aspects concerning the logistics of such systems in the theater of operations in Afghanistan.
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The Military Medical Research Center is a medical unit, subordinate to the Medical Department (MD), whose main attribute is scientific research for medical protection against weapons of mass destruction (WMD) chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear(CBRN). The center has a specialized unit composed of scientific research in medical protection against biological weapons. The unit disposes of personal, space, equipment and microbiological diagnostic procedures. It organizes, equips, instructs and trains MobileBiological Response Team, a non-permanent military party that is provided in military regulations, which are activated at the order of the MD or the General Staff (G.S.).
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The analytical deployable biological laboratory for chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear protection (CBRN) is a military microstructure protection against weapons of mass destruction in field missions. Given the complexity of the matter, in terms of medical, military and technical we choose to implement NATO standards. The main requirements are specified in STANAG 4632/ 2005, which sets the NATO standards for analytical deployable laboratories NBC (NBC-AL). The purpose of the NBC-AL is to contribute to situational awareness by identifying evidence and expertise of CBRN agents in the NATO operation area, to support commanders in making timely decisions and an appropriate course of action. This structure consists of armored trucks (command, research NBC), platform port containers (analytical laboratories biological, chemical and radiological) and transport (logistics) that operate together or separately.
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The objective of the study is to assess the immune status after vaccination of the Romanian troops that are participating in different missions abroad. The active immunization was performed according to the schedule provided in the TechnicalProvision MND Head of Medical Department, with imported vaccines. The aim was to determine the immunological protection of the military against hepatitis A and B, tetanus and yellow fever. The antibody dosage was performed on healthy subjects in order to evaluate the immune status after vaccination for hepatitis A and B, tetanus and yellow fever according to the Vaccination Schedule of the Ministry of National Defense for soldiers leaving or returning from foreign missions.
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The security of actions and the protection of logistic forces specific to the crisis response operations are all the actions and the measures necessary to maintain the capacity and the operational readiness in an organized manner.
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The threats, risks, and perils we are facing today are complex and atypical. The importance of limited natural resources is put under debate more than ever before by the great world actors through new security concepts.One major future problem of any community is the problem of resources, mainly of energy resources. Energy represents an essential logistic support of modern society and that is why ensuring energy resources stands as a key element in keeping the state of security.Increasing the community energy security actually means an increased energy security for Romania, while our country’s energy security may ensure greater energy security at the European level.
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The logistical support management for land forces’ structures in military crisis response operations presents some less known aspects which determined us to inquire a thorough research of field’s literature under the context of military crisis events manifesting nowadays and to express our opinion on them. In this article, we will analyze some of the management principles, methods, and techniques to be used for the logistical support of the operational structures of the land forces in the military crisis response’ actions.
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The article briefly presents some of the main aspects of political, economic, cultural and military evolvements of Russia overviewed in a kind of transparent the manner in the „Russian Federation National Security Strategy until 2020”. The author also presents the political, economic and military implications of Moscow's actions in Ukraine and probably in the near future against the states from the so-called “close vicinity”. We consider European political and military leaders, including the Romanian leaders, should pay more attention to Moscow's actions in the context of the recent Ukrainian crisis.
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Nowadays we are dealing with a new type of legal and economic construction - in which ethics occupies a special place -, international and European legal instruments, together with the principles embodied in them (democracy and the rule of law, the principle of separation of powers, equality of states regarding the treaties) are all forming a block of businesses functionality, in general, and of military affairs in particular.
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