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Author(s): Michal Babiak,Natália Blahová,Sekeráková Búriková,Peter Salner / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

Reviews of: 1. LADISLAV LENOVSKÝ: Naši vo svete – Slováci južne od hranice Slovenska I.–III. [Our People in the World – Slovaks South of Slovakia’s Border I–III] Vydavateľstvo – Editura Ivan Krasko, Nadlak (Rumunsko), 2016, 166 s.; 2017, 147 s. 2018, 201 s. Review by: MICHAL BABIAK; 2. JÁN BOTÍK: Slováci vo Vojvodine: premeny svojbytnosti enklávneho spoločenstva [Slovaks in Vojvodina: The Transformations of the Enclave Community’s Autonomy] Nový Sad: Ústav pre kultúru vojvodinských Slovákov, 2016, 272 s. Review by: NATÁLIA BLAHOVÁ; 3. ADÉLA SOURALOVÁ a kolektiv: Péče na prodej: Jak se práce z lásky stává placenou službou [Care for Sale: How Work out of Love Turns into Paid Service] Brno: Munipress, 2017, 249 s. Review by: ZUZANA SEKERÁKOVÁ BÚRIKOVÁ; 4. Nielen obete, aj páchatelia majú potomkov... (Úvaha inšpirovaná knihou Bolestivé mlčanie) Not Only Victims, Criminals Also Have Offspring... (An Essay Inspired by the Book Painful Silence) ALEXANDRA SENFFT: Bolestivé mlčanie [Painful Silence] Premedia, 2019, 272 s. Review by: PETER SALNER

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Book Reviews

Author(s): Zdeněk Uherek,Tomáš Profant,Ondrej Ficeri / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Review of: ONDREJ FICERI - MANNOVÁ, Elena: Minulosť ako supermarket? Spôsoby reprezentácie a aktualizácie dejín Slovenska [The Past as a Supermarket? Forms of Representation and Updating the History of Slovakia] Bratislava: VEDA Vydavateľstvo SAV, 2019, 463 p. TOMÁŠ PROFANT - ELŻBIETA DRĄŻKIEWICZ: Institutionalised Dreams: The Art of Managing Foreign Aid Berghahn, New York and Oxford 2020, 238 p. ZDENĚK UHEREK - MICHAL PAVLÁSEK: Z Moravy až do Velikého Srediště: Etnografické podobenství o zapome - nuté náboženské komunitě [From Moravia to Veliko Središte: an Ethnographical Parable about a Forgotten Religious Community]. Centrum pro Studium demokracie a kultury and Etnologický ústav AV ČR Brno, 2020, 239 p.

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Family as an Object of Research and as a Motive for Reflection

Author(s): Marta Botíková / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Review of: ANNA SÁSOVÁ, ANNA BRLOŠOVÁ, JÁN BRLOŠ: Hrušovské rodiny [Families of the village of Hrušov] Hrušov: Obec Hrušov, 2021, 584 p. GÁBOR KOLOH: „Szántani lehet, de vetni nem muszáj“. Az ormánsági egykézés történetei (1790 – 1941) [“Maybe ploughing – no need to sow”. Stories of the restricted reproduction in the region of Ormánság (1790 – 1941)] Budapest: ELTE, Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont, Történettudományi Intézet, 2021, 378 p. DITA ANDRUŠKOVÁ:Rodina v ľudovej kultúre Záhoria [Family in the folk culture of Záhorie the region] Skalica: Záhorské múzeum v Skalici, 2022, 175 p. and the exhibition of the same name in the Etnohouse at the Východná 2023 Folklore Festival. BOŽENA SLANČÍKOVÁ-TIMRAVA: Rozsobáše [Divorces] DAB (Andrej Bagar Theatre) in Nitra, directed by Matúš Bachynec; dramaturgy Martina Mašlárová; premiered on October 28, 2022. BOŽENA SLANČÍKOVÁ-TIMRAVA: Deti [Children] SND (Slovak National Theatre) in Bratislava, directed by Michal Vajdička, dramaturgy Daniel Majling; premiered on June 4, 2023.

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“Ties That Matter the Most”. Family Connections in Memory of the Transcarpathian Village Community

Author(s): MATEJ BUTKO / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This article explores the importance of family and personal connections through a model of informal economy present in a post-soviet, Transcarpathian (Ukrainian) village setting. I examine this informal economy through village residents’ narratives of a politically turbulent past that I collected during my research. Specifically, the memory of the past they recall and share draws on their capacities to adapt to successive regimes and crises throughout the socialist and post-socialist periods. This adaptive capacity is particularly observable in how the homegrown agency of two local family networks during these periods are remembered and commemorated in the community as examples of resilience. The collective memory of these family networks transcends the non-economic, and comprises a local-historical moral anchoring of their choices and activities, one which forms a rationale that continues to act as an incentive for the villagers’ ongoing engagement in a model of informal economy. Further, it remains available as a significant resource that villagers use to emphasise and explain the moral grounding of their current economic lives. This study is based on long-term ethnographic research, and utilises predominantly anthropological theories of the study of memory, socioeconomic transformation as well as various models of informal economy. My work explores here how familial and communal narratives of the past, and physical and public commemorations, shape local perceptions of the perceived and performed (moral) value of people’s economies. I suggest the reason that both family networks (and their past agency) that I focus on here are remembered so intensively is that this remembering depicts the family connections as more than an effective means to pursue economic and material advantage. Indeed, such remembrance is connected to a shared notion of socialisation that in turn informs an economic model of rural community, perceived by my respondents as traditional in this village’s setting.

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Old Homes and New Homes: Hierarchies Entangled Generative Space

Author(s): Yana Hashamova / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2023

Two Bulgarian women from different generations living in France find themselves confronted by one of the most morally abhorrent legacies of socialism, the role of the state security services and regular people’s complacency. Using as case studies Bojina Panayotova’s documentary I See Red People (Je vois rouge; Cherveno, tvarde cherveno), 2018, about her family’s contacts with Bulgarian secret services and the film’s reception in Western media, as well as the ‘scandal’ of Julia Kristeva’s collaboration with these units, as it was covered in Bulgaria and in the West, I interrogate what the legacy of totalitarianism reveals about continuous cultural tensions and divisions between the West and Southeastern Europe, in this case, Bulgaria. Relying on life narratives, cinematic stories and media reception theory, I contend that Southeastern European societies are still unable to confront their histories of perpetrators and victims, and the West, carried by the traditions and inertia of cultural and economic hierarchies and perception of domination, is still unable to know Eastern Europe and to analyse its history. To evoke Michael Rothberg’s ‘implicated subject’ idea, I contend that both cultures are implicated. Based on these two cases, I consider theoretical questions on thinking Europe (both Western and Eastern, centre and periphery) from what I call the generative space. Moving beyond post-imperial, post-colonial, and post-socialist concepts, are there other productive approaches to revitalised Cold War imaginaries?

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The Concept of Good and Evil in Jewish Folklore and Mysticism

Author(s): Vladimir Janev / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The ethical concept in Jewish folklore and mysticism reflects its heritage from the ancient Middle–Eastern civilisations (Egypt, Syria, Babylon). There are examples of certain myths which were created before the existence of Judaism, and which were eventually somehow ‘adopted’ and preserved (as Jewish myths) until today. In time, these myths changed along with the historical processes of modernity and secularism in Judaism. Another relevant topic in Jewish mysticism was the lack of women theologians until the second half of the XX century. In fact, in traditional Judaism women were not allowed to study theology and mysticism.The ethical concept in Jewish folklore and mysticism reflects its heritage from the ancient Middle – Eastern civilisations (Egypt, Syria, Babylon). There are examples of certain myths which were created before the existence of Judaism, and which were eventually somehow ‘adopted’ and preserved (as Jewish myths) until today. In time, these myths changed along with the historical processes of modernity and secularism in Judaism. Another relevant topic in Jewish mysticism was the lack of women theologians until the second half of the XX century. In fact, in traditional Judaism women were not allowed to study theology and mysticism. The ethical concept in Jewish folklore and mysticism reflects its heritage from the ancient Middle – Eastern civilisations (Egypt, Syria, Babylon). There are examples of certain myths which were created before the existence of Judaism, and which were eventually somehow ‘adopted’ and preserved (as Jewish myths) until today. In time, these myths changed along with the historical processes of modernity and secularism in Judaism. Another relevant topic in Jewish mysticism was the lack of women theologians until the second half of the XX century. In fact, in traditional Judaism women were not allowed to study theology and mysticism.

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Западът по утъпкания път на тоталитаризма

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Западът по утъпкания път на тоталитаризма

Author(s): Neno Dimov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2024

Ronald Reagan: “Freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. We didn‘t pass it to our children in the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, and handed on for them to do the same…”. In order to fight for our freedom, we must recognize the threats to it. Although their essence does not change, their forms are almost always different. Totalitarian systems have the same characteristics. These are systems with completely centralized power, with political, economic, social and intellectual life placed under complete state control. In order to realize its goals, the totalitarian system needs an ideology that must replace the traditional understanding of legality with an ideological justification derived from some abstraction. The general characteristics can be further described with the construction of the bureaucratic system necessary for control, with the related imposition of ideology, propaganda, the need for total censorship and the most terrible – terror. It is ubiquitous and continuous, having both a physical and a moral dimension. This article sets out to examine the main directions of modern totalitarian ideology, focusing mostly on LGBT+ and partly on supporting green policies, looking at the main tools for its imposition – the centralization of power, anticapitalism, propaganda and censorship.

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Četrdeseta konjanica uzvišenog viteškog odreda duhovnosti s početka 20. stoljeća

Author(s): Meliha Teparić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 65-68/2024

In this paper, I will reconstruct the life of a (un)ordinary woman, Fata (Fatima born Serdarević) Ljubović, who, according to the tradition of her great-grandchildren, experienced a revelation affirming her belonging to a group of ‘forty good ones,’. This story has recently resurfaced after a hundred years of complete obscurity. Drawing on a limited biographical details and oral traditions, her life will be examined within the historical and spiritual context of the time in which she lived. Through Fata’s example, which serves as a ‘case study,’ the paper will illustrate the concept of holiness associated with the ‘forty good ones’ based on interpretations from several sources that address this phenomenon, such as Ibn Arabi and Hujwiri. It will explore the role and significance of belonging to such a group. In conclusion, the paper will trace Fata Ljubović’s tradition and analyze her spiritual experience as reflected through the lens of the aforementioned interpretations.

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Hermeneutika (su)života u Bosni i Hercegovini - o konfiguraciji demosa

Author(s): Esma Kučukalić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 65-68/2024

This article examines the configuration of the demos of Bosnia and Herzegovina (understood in the modern sense of a sovereign political subject) from a historicist and political perspective, countering the idea of ethnic identification that is assumed to be inherent in today‘s institutional system - as formally modern, but in practice highly segregated - with elements of hermeneutics through different historical periods. A Sufi component is introduced as a notorious key to the construction of spaces for (co-)living in different periods, but especially in the post-war phase. It is presented here through four variables of analysis derived from academic literature, and the approach of qualitative methodology is separated from theology in order to to allow the case studied to be treated through the prism of the social sciences.

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POLEMICA ÎNTRE TRADIȚIE ȘI MODERNITATE: ROLUL SĂU ÎN CONTURAREA IDENTITĂȚII ROMÂNEȘTI

Author(s): Dennis Deletant / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2024

The development of Romanian national consciousness in the 18th century hinged on concepts of “nation” and “national identity”. Influenced by the Enlightenment and Latin heritage, intellectuals in Transylvania promoted Romanian identity, sparking a lasting debate between tradition and modernity. This continued through Romania’s interwar period, where avant-garde and traditional currents coexisted, tempered by introspective self-criticism and, later, nationalistic excess. This article discusses this debate in its reinterpretation received in the final decades of national communism.

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CONSIDERAŢII PE MARGINEA VIEŢII ŞI ACTIVITĂŢII UNUI LUPTĂTOR PENTRU DREPTURILE ROMÂNILOR TRANSILVĂNENI, IULIU CEZAR VLĂDUŢIU (1846–1918) DIN TURDA

Author(s): Răzvan Mihai Neagu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2024

The purpose of this study is to present the life and activity of a national fighter less known in specialized literature, Iuliu Cezar Vlăduţiu. Very schematic research on it has been undertaken before, but until now there is no material, article or study dedicated to him. That’s why we set out to fill this void and bring to light (again) a great personality of Turda, an illustrious and valiant fighter for the national rights of Romanians from Transylvania, who made a remarkable contribution to political, national, social, economic and cultural life of the old city on Arieş. It can be said without error, that Iuliu Cezar Vlăduţiu was a forerunner of the Great Union. He came from an illustrious Greek-Catholic priestly family. He studied had an intellectual training in legal sciences, acquired in Cluj, but despite all this he was not able to practice law. He settled in Turda, where he became a close friend of the Raţiu family and contributed significantly to the cultural and material upliftment of the Romanians in this town. He was a man of distinguished moral qualities, regarded with great respect by his compatriots. Also, tireless work was one of the characteristics of his life. With honor, Iuliu Cezar Vlăduţiu represented Turda-Aries county at the national conferences in Sibiu, getting involved in the Transylvanian Memorandum movement. At the local level, he was a virilist, a member of the county general congregation, the most important positions he held were those of executive director of the “Ariesana” Bank (1894–1911) and director of the Turda Division of the ASTRA association (1905–1913).

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UN ISTORIC AL IOBĂGIEI DIN TRANSILVANIA: DAVID PRODAN

Author(s): Cătălin Cozma / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2024

This article traces the evolution of David Prodan’s researches in the fields of social and economic history, using both his works and documents from the Cluj County Directorate of National Archives. A student of the Romanian University in Cluj, David Prodan has shown a special interest in social history studies since the very beginning of his career as a historian. Among the reasons behind this particular interest were his peasant ancestry and his desire to reconstruct the socio-economic foundations of the Transylvanian rural universe. Starting with a couple of studies about a few little-known agrarian terms, Prodan continued his researches in the sphere of social history with a new topic, that of serfdom in Transylvania. To his credit, the historian foresaw the importance of the significant gap in the Romanian historiography caused by the lack of adequate studies regarding one of the most important institutions in the socio-economic history of Transylvania. This subject was also of great importance for the history of the Romanians in this province, as the serf communities were mostly made up of Romanians. Prodan’s efforts, spanning over five decades, in researching the phenomenon of serfdom have materialized in numerous articles, studies, and monographs, appreciated by both Romanian and foreign historians.

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СРПСКА ПОЛИТИЧКА ЕЛИТА ИЗ БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ И ЈУГОСЛОВЕНСКА КРАЉЕВИНА (1918–1941)

Author(s): Draga V. Mastilović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 193/2025

During the existence of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes / Yugoslavia (1918–1929), the Serbian political and intellectual elite from Bosnia and Herzegovina found themselves in a position to actively participate in the new state. However, only a few managed to successfully navigate the newly formed political landscape and benefit from it. Most of them believed that the Serbian national question had been definitively resolved in 1918. As a result, they were unprepared for the emergence of the “Croatian question” in the Kingdom of SHS. Their political disorientation led them to passively accept the unstable parliamentary system of the new state, shaped by deepening in ter religious and interethnic tensions. By 1929, in response to aggressive Croatian nationalism, which was encouraged and directed by the Roman Catholic clergy, they began to defend themselves not through Serbian nationalism but through Yugoslav nationalism. Sincerely embracing King Alexander’s policy of integral Yugoslavia, proclaimed in 1929, most of them only realized by the late 1930s that they had been politically deceived by the Croats. Their unrealistic faith in the Yugoslav state prevented them from forming an independent Serbian national program—until it was too late, on the eve of World War II.

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Magyar élelmiszer-csomagolások száz év fogyasztói kultúrájában – designelmélet, történeti áttekintés

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Magyar élelmiszer-csomagolások száz év fogyasztói kultúrájában – designelmélet, történeti áttekintés

Author(s): Kinga Veress / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 97/2024

This study examines the place and epistemological role of twentieth-century Hungarian food packaging in the nation’s culture. Its main research question is how used food packaging – considered a “banal object,” in the “waste” phase of the product consumption cycle – transcends its original function and acquires cultural and symbolic meaning. The research explores how these objects integrate into the epistemological frameworks of art history, design culture, sociology, cultural anthropology, material culture, and consumer research studies. Moving beyond these contexts, it also examines the professional considerations and historical sources that inform how food packaging displayed in museum collections as “authentic objects perceived as testimony to reality” (musealia) can be interpreted as carriers of value. Drawing on the author’s PhD research, the study presents examples of “everyday design” and the world of commercial objects. It focuses on Hungarian pop-cultural items that gained widespread recognition through consumption and, upon assuming a new role in the museum context, contribute to the understanding and in-depth analysis of their original consumer environment. The analysis interprets consumption as symbolic cultural activity and the analyzed packaging as complex sign systems reflecting design thinking. In doing so, it presents the multifaceted design perspectives of branding and communication design with the aim of research methodology representation.

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Eessõna. Uuringu „Elust, usust ja usuelust“ taustast ja metoodikast

Author(s): Laur Lilleoja / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 2 (86)/2024

Eestlaste usulist identiteeti ja vaimseid praktikaid on viimase kolme kümnendi jooksul vaadeldud mitmete sotsiaal- ja religiooniuuringute abil. Nende uuringute seas paistab järjepidevusega silma küsitluste sari „Elust, usust ja usuelust“ (EUU), mille raames kogutud andmed moodustavad aluse ka käesoleva kogumiku artiklitele. EUU küsitlus viidi esmakordselt läbi dr Hans Hanseni initsiatiivil 1995. aastal ning seda on Eesti Kirikute Nõukogu tellimusel korratud iga viie aasta järel. 2020. aastal toimus uuringu kuues voor, mis annab võimaluse analüüsida eestimaalaste usuliste vaadete muutumist 25 aasta jooksul. Sedavõrd pika ajajoone, laia teemade spektri ning suure juhuvalimi (keskmiselt üle 1000 vastaja) tõttu on andmestik unikaalne nii Eesti kui ka rahvusvahelises kontekstis, pakkudes hõlmava ja põhjaliku religioonisotsioloogilise ülevaate eestimaalaste usulistest tõekspidamistest ja nende muutustest.

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International Law and Geopolitical Challenges to Kosovo's Energy Stability

Author(s): E. Prema,Ragul OV / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The Balkan region, particularly the ongoing disputes between Kosovo and Serbia, poses intricate legal and geopolitical challenges affecting regional stability and international relations. This Article examines the legal aspects of these disputes, focusing on statehood, recognition, human rights, and the necessity of a special tribunal within the setting of the region's complex history. Although 22 of 27 EU member states recognize its sovereignty, key actors, including Serbia and five EU states, do not, hindering Kosovo's EU membership prospects. UNSC Resolution 1244 complicates Kosovo’s path to statehood, making dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina essential for progress. Geopolitical tensions are heightened by Serbia's alliances with Russia and China. Meanwhile, Kosovo’s outreach to Taiwan raises legal questions tied to the One-China policy. The proposed European Energy Resilience Fund (EERF) could help counter energy supply disruptions caused by sanctions. Furthermore, the EU’s enlargement policy, along with EULEX’s role, complicates Kosovo’s path to lasting peace. This paper will analyze the Kosovo's legitimacy and support its EU integration and regional security goals.

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Regionalna saradnja na Balkanskom poluostrvu početkom XX i XXI veka: sličnosti i razlike

Author(s): Dragan R. Simić,Dragan Đukanović,Dragan Živojinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 10/2021

The authors of this paper highlight the main trends in the origin and development of regional initiatives in the Balkans since the beginning of the XXI century (the Balkan Pact and the Little Entente), as well as the similarities and differences with today’s dominant forms of multilateral cooperation in this region of Europe (particularly the Regional Cooperation Council, the Berlin Process and the “Open Balkans”). Therefore, the authors will indicate the international influences on the configuration of regional cooperation in the Balkans over the aforementioned periods, as well as how much it is affected by the complexity of relations between the regional states and their internal circumstances. Furthermore, they will discuss how the historical divisions among the Balkan states are reflected in the dynamics of regional cooperation. In this regard, they point out certain parallels between the organizational forms of cooperation in the region, their working methods, and internal procedures around the turn of the century and the previous century.

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“Genetically Criminally Inclined” and Worse than the Gestapo? Decoding the Holocaust-Distorting Narrative on the (Jewish) Informer Stella Goldschlag

Author(s): Philipp Dinkelaker / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This article addresses the teenage years spent in Nazi-era Berlin of the infamous Gestapo informer Stella Goldschlag (also named in some sources as Kübler, Isaaksohn, Kübler-Isaaksohn or Goldschlag-Isaaksohn). Previous research and recent commercial adaptions of her case have focused on her actions between 1943 and 1945. Caught in hiding as an “illegal” Jew, tortured, and blackmailed with the lives of her parents in July 1943, Goldschlag “agreed” to help the Gestapo to hunt escapees to the Berlin underground as a so-called Jewish Greifer (snatcher). The article complements the state of research on the case by focusing on her life before 1933 and her family background, her connection to swing culture, and the question of her religion. Confronting the little we know about her early life with some of the far-reaching assumptions that make the recent commercial adaptations of Goldschlag’s story so problematic, the article sheds light on how Nazi persecution impacted Goldschlag before 1943. Punishing her more severely than the Gestapo officers who had enforced her betrayal (if they were indicted at all), Soviet and West German authorities consecutively sentenced Goldschlag as a Nazi perpetrator in 1946 and 1957, explaining her actions by her pathological evilness. The article demonstrates how the Berlin police shaped the image of Goldschlag as a “Jewish perpetrator” immediately after the Shoah, using established antisemitic imagery. Placing the case in the context of how dealing with alleged Jewish collaboration led to a reversal of victim and perpetrator as a denial of guilt antisemitism in post-war Germany, the paper offers a starting point to decode core aspects of what could be regarded as the “Goldschlag narrative”.

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„Spuren jüdischen Lebens in der Ukraine wieder sichtbar machen“ Die ukrainische Historikerin Viktoria Soloschenko im Gespräch mit Marianne Windsperger

Author(s): Viktoria Soloschenko,Marianne Windsperger / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2024

In this interview VWI fellow Viktoria Soloschenko gives insights into her research topic „Confiscations and Traces of Cultural Property of Ukrainian Jews During the Holocaust“ and provides the reader with information on current research in Ukraine in this field. However, she also talks about the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on her daily life as a scholar and how the experiences of the current war shape her research topics.

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LATVIJAS PAREIZTICĪGĀS BAZNĪCAS KANONISKĀ STATUSA PROBLĒMAS (1919–1927)

Author(s): Juris Jefuni / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 1/2024

The article is dedicated to the Latvian Orthodox Church’s (LOC) history. It analyzes the problems of autocephaly of the LOC from the establishment of the LOC in 1920 until 1927, when metropolitan bishop Sergii Stragorodskii issued a declaration on the reconciliation of the Moscow Patriarchate with the communist regime of the USSR, thus ending the disagreement on the status of the LOC. The article critically evaluates the historiography dedicated to the interwar history of the LOC, analyzing the problems of autocephaly of the LOC in the context of Church history, canons and practice. Extensive literature has been devoted to the canonical assessment of the LOC autocephaly issue. However, it does not adequately evaluate the fact that during the First World War, the Orthodox Church of the Russian Empire had eliminated its presence on the territory of Latvia, and the Moscow Patriarchate, restored in 1917, was unable to change this situation for several years. When evaluating the canonical validity of the LOC autocephaly, these actual circumstances must be considered. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the exact status of the LOC, as well as the relationship between the LOC and the Republic of Latvia. While the analysis has been carried out using historical source research methods, the present research is interdisciplinary in nature, as it covers the fields of history and theology.

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